Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-06988-6

Home , Ban Gu, Book of Han, Book of the Later Han, Lulin, Wang Dulu, Youxia

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-06988-6 — The Development of Chinese Martial Arts Fiction Pingyuan Chen , Translated by Victor Peterson , In collaboration with Michel Hockx Index More Information

249

Index

academics, 8, 80 , 99 , 125 , 129 , 131 Biographies of Assassins , 107 acupuncture points, 122 “blood lust”, 153 , 154 , 155 , 157 , 194 , 236 ancestors, 4 , 11 , 95 , 113 , 147 , 241 Book Burning, Miscellaneous Stories , 108 Ancient and Modern Novels , 55 , 97 , 133 Book of Han , 12 , 13 , 42 , 48 – 9 , 139, 140 , ancient assassins, 41, see also assassins 161 , 162 , 166 – 7 , 197 – 8 ancient authors, 118 Book of History Biographies of Youxia , 197 army, 27, 65 , 70 , 71 , 109 , 111 , 169 – 70 , Book of Later Han , 10 195 , 218 books ; A Brief History of the Chinese Novel , arrows, 119 , 238 34 , 59 , 223 ; Book Burning ; Miscellaneous artistic creativity, 79 , 87 , 225 Stories , 108 ; Book of Han , 12 , 13 , 42 , assassins, 40 – 1 , 107 – 8 , 114 , 171 48 – 9 , 139 , 140 , 161 , 162 , 166 – 7 , 197 – Assorted Poems from the Year of Jihai , 8 ; Book of History Biographies of Youxia , 17 , 135 197 ; Book of Later Han , 10 ; Broadsword attitudes, 24 – 5 , 51 , 85 , 86 , 101 , Wang Wu , 132 ; Changes in the History of 172 , 173 , 178 , 216 , 217 ; carefree, the Chinese Novel , 59 ; Chronicle of a Good 129 , 222 ; changing social, 176 ; Spouse , 77 ; Complete Story of the Flying critical, 85 , 237 ; healthy mental, 152 ; Dragon , 70 ; Complete Tales of Loyalty , humble, 197 ; of unrestrained 172 ; Complete Tales of Yue Fei , 71 ; arrogance, 218 ; psychological, 14 ; Continuing Lesser Five Heroes , 60 , 110 , respectful, 166 ; special, 101 , 216 112 ; Continuing Lesser Five Xiake , 64 ; authors, 85 , 241 ; ancient, 118; modern, Crouching Tiger ; Hidden Dragon , 88 , 206 ; 103 , 132 Don Quixote , 199 ; Double Red Stories , 29 , 31 ; Draft History of the Chinese Novel , Bai Yu, 105 59 ; Five Worms , 9 , 25 , 28 , 106 , 152 , 173 , Bai Yutang, 100 , 122 , 210 195 ; Flying Away for the Pheasant , 218 ; Ban Gu, 9, 10 , 11 , 13 , 37 , 161 , 162 , General Li’s Old Sword , 113 ; Handan 166 , 170 Chronicles , 31 ; Happy Heroes ; Golden Bao Aluan, 146 Wo r l d , 176 ; Heroes of this Mortal World , Bao Longtu, 60 83 ; Historian’s Record , 10 ; History of Bao Qingtian, 59 Chinese Scientii c Technology , 47 ; Hong Bao Zhao, 26 , 45 , 112, 198 , 218 Xian Girl , 56 ; Hot-Blooded Swordsmen ; Bao Zi’an, 72 Cold-Hearted Swords , 80 , 90 , 99 , 105 , Before the Storm , 156 123 , 125 , 127 , 128 , 208 , 209 – 10 ; biographies, 7, 9 – 10, 12 , 42, 159 , 161 , Introduction to Hot-Blooded Swordsmen ; 166 , 167 , 237 , 239 ; Biography of Cold- Hearted Swords , 80 , 90 , 99 , 105 , Assassins , 107 ; Biography of Ji Bu , 217 ; 123 , 125 , 127 , 128 , 208 , 209 – 10 ; Iron Biography of Luan Bu , 217 ; Biography Knight ; Silver Vase , 88 ; Lan Can Huangfu of the Assassins , 107 , 114 ; Biography of Mei’s Rope Skills from Jiaxing , 41 ; the Youxia , 12 ; Biography of Usurers , 12 ; Legends of Male and Female Heroes , 81 ; Biography of Xiake , 216 ; Biography of Lesser Five Heroes , 60 – 1 , 64 , 74 , 76 , 81 , Xie Xiao’e , 163 ; Biography of Youxia , 10 , 110 – 11 , 120 , 136 , 138 , 174 ; Lesser Five 24 , 197 Xiake , 64 ; Little Crane Shocks Kunlun ,

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-06988-6 — The Development of Chinese Martial Arts Fiction Pingyuan Chen , Translated by Victor Peterson , In collaboration with Michel Hockx Index More Information

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250 Index

88 , 102 – 3 , 122 , 145 – 6 , 175 , 192 , 204 , Water Margin , 62 ; The Red Horse with 207 , 220 ; Magnii cent Era in the Capital , the Purple Mane , 20 , 198 ; The Return of 65 ; Manual of Sword Exorcism , 205 ; Mao the Condor Heroes , 88 ; The Smiling Proud Sheng , 220 ; Ming History , 10 ; Mistaken Xiake , 90 , 113 , 114 – 15 , 124 , 176 , 187 , Execution of Cuo Ning , 62 ; Monk Tales , 207 , 211 , 213 – 14 , 221 – 2 ; The Sound 83 ; Morphology of Fairytales , 231 ; Nanke of Music from Distant Mountains , 154 , Chronicles , 30 ; New Tales of Male and 156 ; The Sword and the Gold Hairpin , Female Heroes , 79 ; Old Book of Tang , 88 , 102 – 3 , 135 , 154 , 205 ; Three Talks , 218 ; Old Man of Lanling , 115 ; Old Times 62 ; Three Xiake Five Heroes , 28 , 60 , 63 , in Wulin , 65 ; Preface Stating the Aims ; 64 , 66 , 76 – 7 , 79 – 80 , 81 , 191 , 204 ; Two Literary Mind and Dragon Carving , 233 ; Slaps , 62 ; Xiake Monk , 44 , 97 , 119 ; Preface to Tales of Heroes and the Heroic , Xiayi Romance , 77 ; Zhao Taizu Escorts 131 , 132 , 138 , 173 ; Purple Hairpin Jingniang 1000 Miles Home , 68 , 75 , 169 Chronicle , 3 , 32 , 56 , 199 ; Reading the bows and arrows, 119 , 238 Calligraphy of the Fifth Genius , 171 – 2 ; Boxer Rebellion, 152 Record of Ancient and Modern Swords , boxing, 70 , 175 110 ; Record of Mengliang , 65 ; Record of Brief History of the Chinese Wuxia Novel , 34 , Revenge through Book and Sword , 179 ; 59 , 223 Record of Travels when Old and Crippled , Broadsword Wang Wu , 132 214 ; Records of Observations of the Buddhism, 47 , 52 , 91 , 96 , 97 –8 , 146 , 147 , Eastern Han Dynasty , 121 ; Rites of the 192 , 193 , 194 Elder Dai ; The Forging of Swords , 113 ; Buddhists, 75 , 89 , 96 , 97 , 128 , 204 , 236 ; Scholar Xiake , 139 , 173 , 220 ; Selected concepts, 96 ; deeds, 97 ; doctrines, Yuan Operas , 59 ; Shadow of a Wandering 193 – 4 ; enlightenment of, 97; mediation, Xiake , 114 , 116 , 134 , 142 , 146 , 186 , 126 ; power, 193 ; swords, 172 187 , 206 – 7 , 219 , 221 ; Shadows of Deep bullies, 62 , 66 , 69 , 132 , 199 Dreams , 16 ; Song History , 59 ; Song bushido, 10 Sigong Stirs Up Jinhunzhang, 62 ; Bushido of China, 18 , 25 Spring and Autumn of Wu and Yue , 114 ; Spring Dreams of the Fragrant Boudoir , calligraphy, 129 , 171 – 2 , 220 84 ; Sword Force ; Pearl Shine , 88 ; Tale of Cao Pi, 114 Heroic Xiayi , 24 , 59 , 131 , 132 , 138 , 173 ; Cao Zhi, 26 , 37 , 140 , 198 Tale of Prefect Nanke , 218 ; Tale of the cases, 81, 202 , 204; contemptible Curly Bearded Xiake , 15 , 32 , 34 – 5 , 46 , psychiatric, 157 ; cracking of, 63; 51 , 54 , 56 , 97 , 155 , 168 –9 ; Tale of Yang divided, 63; homicide, 62 ; legal, 127 ; of Wen Blocking the Tiger’s Path , 175 ; Tales multiple crimes, 62 of Heroic Men and Women , 65 ; Tales of Cases of Judge Longtu , 60 Outstanding Xiake of Jianghu , 95 ; Tales Cases of Judge Shi , 59 , 60 , 67 , 73 , 76 , 77 , of Red Heart Blue Blood Xiake , 15 , 148 ; 90, 135 , 138 Tales of the Double Xiake of Jianghu , 163 ; cassocks, 96 , 97 Tales of the Sword Fighters of Jianghu , categories, 21 , 50 , 61 – 2, 63 , 66 , 91 , 163 ; Tales to Make You Slap the Table in 94 – 5 , 107 , 108 , 224 – 5 ; “coarsely Amazement , 39 , 55 – 6 , 63 , 108 , 114 , clothed alleyway” xia, 24 ; covering 189 ; The Amazing Xiake of Jianghu , the skills of xiake are described as 163 ; The Book of the Later Han , 11 ; “sword; hidden weapons and poisons”; The Collected Works of Hunanyilao ; An “internal arts” and “wushu cultivation”, Analysis and Emotional Response to the 108 ; covering those of outstanding Historian’s Record , 13 ; The Female Xiake wushu ability belonging to the realm of Huangjiang , 102 – 3 , 121 , 178 ; The of ordinary “xiake”, 94 ; describing Great Thief Sends a Plum ; The Thief Xia the near utopian idealised society, 91; Always Does Three Sneaky Tricks , 62 ; The dividing lawsuits and verdicts into, 63 ; Legend of Heaven’s Favour and Dragon historic, 32 ; of “cavalry tales”, 66 ; of Slayer , 88 ; The Legend of the Condor “crime solving”, 61 – 2 ; of “dark arts”, Heroes , 88 , 103 – 4 , 125 , 126 , 128 , 129 , 50 ; of “extraordinary people”, 50 ; 147 , 148 , 208 , 221 ; The Legend of the of indignation venting, 21 ; of merit

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eulogisation, 21; of people whose sword Complete Story of the Flying Dragon , 70 skills approach the divine, 94; of “podao Complete Tales of Loyalty , 172 sword” and “stave”, 66 ; of “shuohua”, Complete Tales of Yue Fei , 71 66 ; of the factual description of the Continuing Lesser Five Heroes , 60 , 110 , 112 “world of people” and “secret societies”, Continuing Lesser Five Xiake , 64 91 ; of the world of the imperial court, conventions, 181 , 196 , 219 , 225 , 227 , 237; 91 ; of xiake images, 38 ; of “yigi” and genre, 225 ; literary, 225, 227 ; normal, “miscellaneous biographical records”, 215 ; social, 139 , 220 43 ; rich landed ofi cials, 24 – 5 ; the Copper Footed Daoist, 147 violent well off who indulge in pleasures Copper Footed Monk, 102 of the l esh, 25 corrupt ofi cials, 16 , 72 , 93 , 169 , 214 cavalry, 65 , 66 –7 , 109 courts, 90 – 1 , 93 , 139 , 151 , 173 , 179 , 184 , caves, 186 , 187 191 – 2 , 215 – 16 ; imperial, 90 , 91 , 159 , Cawelti, J.G., 157 160 ; ofi cials, 93 , 178 , 211 , 215 Central Wushu Academy, 84 craftsmen, 195 Changes in the History of the Chinese crime i ction, 58 – 9 , 60 , 61 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 96, Novel , 59 184 , 223 Chao Chongzhi, 20 crime solving, 61 – 3 , 64 Chao Gongwu, 12 crime stories, 62 Chen Jiru, 172 crimes, 25 , 39 , 50 , 141 , 151 – 2 , 166 , Chen Ming, 69 172 – 3 , 195 , 196 , 197 ; archetypical, 60 ; Chen Ruheng, 62 ideological, 195 ; multiple, 62 ; penal, 195 Chen Yidian, 107 criminals, 118 , 151 , 230 Cheng Youwen, 52 critics, 2 , 74 , 79 , 131 , 152 , 212, 224 , China, 1 , 6 , 10 , 11 , 91 , 93 , 109 , 114 , 228 , 229 124 , 178 – 9 ; ancient, 21 , 106 , 142 , 152 ; Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon , 88 , 206 mainland, 99; modern, 155 Cui Fengyuan, 8 , 47 , 75 , 223 Chinese, 122 – 3 , 152 – 3 , 154 , 156 , 159 , cultural symbols, 100 , 164 , 167 , 208 , 232 223 , 224, 233 , 235 , 236 ; academia, 224 , 231 ; ancient, 93 , 183 ; and the ancient daggers, 45 – 6 , 94 “Peach Blossom Spring” dream, 93; Dagong zhi Que, 110 concept of interpersonal morality, 143; Dai Fucheng, 145 history, 11 , 89 , 239 ; intelligentsia, 4 ; Dai Sizong, 62 literature, 5 , 29 , 239; martial artists, 70; Daoism, 47 , 95 , 96 , 97 – 8, 101 , 192 , 194 medicine, 122 – 3 ; morality, 144 ; novels, Daoists, 96 , 97 – 8, 110 , 128 , 236 ; arts 5 , 34 , 37 , 59 , 150 , 223 – 4 ; opera, 29 ; and potions, 43 – 4 , 46 – 7, 96 – 7, 109 , people, 83, 91 , 93 , 125 , 153 , 155 , 223; 175 ; awareness, 128 ; concepts, 89 ; secret societies, 49, 91– 2 , 174 , 178 – 80 ; knowledge, 96; methods, 102 ; monks, short classical stories, 37 ; spoken, 191 ; 97 , 147 ; philosophy, 97 , 102, 204 ; traditional, 72 ; wuxia novels, 33 , 80 , 82 , priests, 48, 96 ; scriptures, 90 ; skills of, 151 , 201 , 223, 230 ; xiayi novels, 152 100 , 102 ; spirits, 52 ; techniques, 95 ; “Chinese Cervantes”, 85 theories, 97 , 126; traditions, 112 Chinese Classic Xiayi Short Stories, death, 25 , 39 – 40 , 42 – 3 , 103 – 4 , 117 – 18 , 75 , 223 129 – 30, 140 , 187 , 189 – 90 , 239 ; fear of, Chinese culture, 1 , 8 , 89 , 91 , 94 , 125 , 140 , 155 , 189 ; instant, 118 ; violent, 132 142 , 159 detective i ction, 230 Chinese philosophy, 126 detectives, 151 – 2, 225 , 230 – 1 Chinese stories, 34 , 37 , 38 diachronic development, 33 Chong Xu, 214 diachronism, 233 Chronicle of a Good Spouse , 77 Dian lun, 114 Chun Shenjun, 42 Ding the Scholar, 50 Chunyu Kun, 30 Ding Yongqiang, 231 cock i ghting, 38 disciples, 95 , 101 – 2 , 185 Collected History of Chinese Novels , 223 Don Quixote , 199 Collected Poems from Yuefu , 21 Dongfang Bubai, 124 , 187

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Dongfangliang, 112 i ght scenes, 70 , 94 , 95, 114 , 116 , Double Red Stories , 29 , 31 120 , 121 – 2 , 125 – 6 , 128 – 9 , 202 – 3 ; Draft History of the Chinese Novel , 59 description of, 30 , 43 , 68 , 122 ; Draft of Collected History of Chinese dramatizing of, 177; improvising of, 29 ; Novels , 223 in wuxia novels, 125 ; paranormal, 69 ; dragons, 51 , 62 , 116 tense, 203; unrealistic, 130 Drunken Poems , 23 i ghters, 31 , 46 , 49 , 111 , 112 , 116 , 129 , Drunken Wu Song Fights the Doorway God of 131, 133 , 167 ; deadly wushu, 78; great the Jiang Family , 69 wushu, 106; martial arts, 124 , 132 , Dugu Qiubai, 128 142 , 193 ; military, 149 ; sword, 44 , 134 , dukes and nobles, 141 , 162 , 165 , 162 , 211 166 , 198 i ghting abilities, 44 , 45 , 107 , 123, 125 , Dungan revolt, 92 129 , 205 Dynasty, 10, 13 , 19 , 111 , 161 i ghting scenes, 44 , 64 , 68 , 69 i ghting skills, 41 , 43 – 4, 46 , 47 , 69 , 71 , 94 , Early Han Dynasty, 10 106 , 108 , 117 ; internal, 124 ; magical, earth, 164 , 165 , 170 , 199 , 200 – 1, 205 , 41 ; of xiake, 122 , 129 206 , 208 , 238 i ghting techniques, 43, 109 , 117 – 18 , 124 , Eastern Han Dynasty, 111 , 121 129 , 177 – 8 emperors, 10 – 11 , 26 – 7 , 28 , 72 – 3 , 133 , Five Worms , 9 , 25 , 28 , 106 , 152 , 173 , 195 141 , 142 – 3 , 166 , 169 ; Han Aidi, 11 ; Flying Away for the Pheasant , 218 Han Pingdi, 11 ; Jing, 10 – 11 ; Jingdi, folk art, 82 112 ; Wen, 10 ; Wu, 11 folk tales, 91 Endless Celebration of Peace , 6 , 61 , 64 , 81 , food and drink, 175 82 , 138 , 173 , 179 forests, 164 , 170 , 185 , 186 , see also enemies, 110 – 11 , 127, 129 , 143 – 4 , 149, mountain forests 151, 154 , 155 , 177 , 210 ; common, 102 ; Fromm, Erich, 157 defeating of, 47 ; feared, 210 ; killing of, 46 , 109 Gao She, 20 , 160 essays : The Typology of Detective Fiction , 230 General Li’s Old Sword , 113 evil, 112 – 13, 117 , 132, 133 , 134 , 135 – 6 , genre, 32 – 3 , 58, 86 , 87 , 101 – 2 , 223 , 177 – 8 , 192 , 211 – 13 ; defeating of, 224 – 5 , 227 , 228 – 30 , 231 ; characteristics 151 ; driving away, 113 ; expunging, 31 ; of, 9 , 33 , 228 , 233 ; independent, 149 ; good triumphing over, 132 ; monks, 65 , literary, 56 , 79 , 131 , 223, 224 , 233; 97 , 151 ; people, 136 , 157 ; punishing mature, 201 ; novel, 5, 32 – 3, 58 – 9, of, 55 , 172 , 174 , 199 ; societies, 170 , 79 – 80 , 86 – 7, 89 , 184 , 227 – 9 , 231 – 2 , 215 ; uprooting of, 134; using evil to 233 – 4 ; research, 225– 6, 227 – 8 , 230 , control, 145 231 – 2 ; scholars, 232 ; structural, 228; theoretical, 32 fairytales, 93 , 129 , 132 , 179 , 231 , 232 Gong Baiyu, 80 fame, concept of, 20 , 22 – 3, 27 , 135 , 140 , Gong Pengcheng, 47 , 75 , 223 141 – 2 , 165 , 166 , 194 , 195 Gong Wenzhi, 148 Fan Li, 159 – 60 Gong Zizhen, 17 , 21 , 22 , 135 , 216 Fang Shanzi, 20 grammar, 225 , 227 – 8 , 229 – 30 , 231 – 2 , 233 Fang Zheng, 125 great xiake, 221 , 223 ; and the morality of fate, concept of, 3 – 4, 84 , 89 , 92 , 93 , 104 , murdering people, 157 ; and those that 105 , 204 , 238 , 239 are not great xiake are “hermits”, 165 ; female xiake, 46 , 54 , 62 , 75 – 8 , 79 , 100 , coarsely-clothed, 171 ; lovable, 157 102 – 3 , 163 , 205 – 6 ; from Jianghu Gu Long, 80 , 99 , 105 , 127 – 8 , 145 – 7 , in Green Peony, 78 ; infusing with a 206 , 207 , 210 – 11 , 219 , 221 ; and “lack of human emotion”, 75; killing Happy Heroes , 210 ; and Liang Yusheng, to revenge family grievances, 39; Wei 128 , 207, 209 , 219 , 221 ; and Xiao Shiyiniang, 113 Shiyilang , 211 Feng Yan, 38 , 218 Gu Mingdao, 83 , 85 Feng Youlan, 106 Gu Xiegang, 106

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Guan Xiu, 20 , 35 , 150 , 191 , 241 internal arts, 108 , 122 – 4 , 187 , 193 , 213 Guan Yu, 182 Introduction to Hot-Blooded Swordsmen, Guangzhou, 6 – 7 Cold-Hearted Swords , 80 , 90 , 99 , 105 , Guo Dalu, 176 123 , 125 , 127 , 128, 208 , 209 – 10 Guo Guangrui, 82 , 173 Iron Knight, Silver Vase , 88 Guo Jie, 10, 14 , 20 , 25 , 39 , 40 , 42 , 77 , 153 , 160 – 1 Jianghu, 72 – 3 , 79 – 80 , 89 – 93 , 159 – 60 , Guo Jing, 125 – 6 , 148, 208 , 219 163 – 4 , 165 , 173 – 5 , 181 – 2 , 198– 9, Guo Lun, 39 , 44 , 48 , 180 211 – 12 ; failure in, 160 ; heroes of, 165 , Guo Maoqian, 21 176 ; in wuxia novels, 93 , 179 , 192 ; Guo Songtao, 19 location, 184; people, 211 , 215 ; rules of, Guo Wei, 169 , 175 179, 207 , 215 Guo Yuanzheng, 218 “Jianghu world”, 89 , 92 – 3, 171 , 174 , 176 – 8 , 179 – 80 , 181 , 183 – 4 , 215 Han Aidi, Emperor, 11 “Jianghu yiqi”, 93 , 181 Han Dynasty, 10 – 11 , 19 , 37 , 161 – 2 , 239 Jiangnan, 145 , 146 , 208 Han Feizi, 9, 25 , 28 , 106 – 7 , 152 , 173 Jin Dynasty, 65 , 164 Han Pingdi, Emperor, 11 Jin Shiyi, 90 , 124 , 142 , 149 , 206 , 209 , 211 Handan Chronicles , 31 Jin Yong, 1 – 2 , 80 , 84 – 5 , 86 – 7, 92 , 95 – 6, Happy Heroes, Golden World , 176 97 – 9, 104 – 5 , 122 , 127 – 30 Hauser, Arnold, 82 Jing, 10 Heaven and Earth Society, 92, 179 , justice, 16, 39 , 40 – 1, 48 , 60 , 93 , 133 – 4 , 180 , 182 135 , 150 – 1 , 238 ; control of, 16 , 134 ; heresy, 136 , 178 , 212 , 213 – 15 devotion to social, 25 ; enforcing of, 49 , heretical sects, 108 , 132 , 178 , 192, 202 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 177 ; upholders of, 39 , 206 , 212 – 14 , see also orthodox sects 73 ; upholding of, 40 , 66 , 182 – 3 ; xiake hermits, 165 – 6 deeds for, 134 , 215 historians, 9, 10 , 11 –12 , 13 – 14 , 19 , 28 , 75 , 78 , 196 , 198; literary, 223 , 229 ; kindness, 21 , 31 , 145 ; and wrongs, 144 , ofi cial, 13 146 ; concept of, 40 , 143 , 144 – 6 , Historian’s Record , 10 147 , 151 , 153 , 181 , 197 ; ethnic, 147 ; historic records, 14 , 15 , 216 personal, 147; repayment of, 41 , history, 8 – 9, 10 , 12 , 34 – 5, 59 , 71 , 107 , 142 – 4 , 145 138 , 139 , 166 ; literary, 223, 229 ; longer, King Goujian, 159 22 ; modern romantic, 236 ; public, 15 ; King Hui, 153 scientii c, 47 ; unofi cial, 156 King Ji, 42 History of Chinese Scientii c Technology , 47 King Wen, 114 Hong Kong wuxia novels, 19 King Yue, 113 Hong Xian, 28 , 46 , 49 , 51 , 52 , 56 , 62 , 97 , 162 – 3 Lan Can Huangfu Mei’s Rope Skills from Hong Xian Girl , 56 Jiaxing , 41 Hooker, Sidney, 17 Later Han Dynasty, 10 , 13 horses, 26, 65 – 6, 69 , 71, 140 , 143, 144 , Legends of Male and Female Heroes , 81 170 , 200 Lesser Five Heroes , 60 – 1 , 64 , 74 , 76 , 81 , Hot-Blooded Swordsmen, Cold-Hearted 110 – 11 , 120 , 136, 138 , 174 Swords , 80 , 90 , 99 , 105 , 123, 125 , 127 , Lesser Five Xiake , 64 128 , 208 , 209 – 10 Li Ciming, 12 Hou Hanshu, 10 , 11 , 13 , 57 Li Gan, 52 Hu Shi, 59 – 60 Li Xunhuan, 90 , 123, 125 , 128 , 177 , huaben stories, 55 , 56 , 58 – 9, 63 , 68 , 223 209 , 221 Li Yu, 37 In the Style of Poem about Meeting Xiake as Li Zhi, 108 , 238 a Youth , 112 , 198 Li Zhuowu, 172 injustice, concept of, 16 , 17 , 39 , 62 , 91 , Li Zimou, 50 133 – 4, 169 , 198 – 200 , 201 , 237 Liang Chenyu, 56

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Liang Dynasty, 166 love, 4 , 25 , 28 , 77 – 8, 79 , 91 , 102 – 4 , Liang Yusheng, 92 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 98 , 104 – 5 , 146, 147 , 205 – 6 ; all-embracing, 197 ; 122, 131 – 2 , 205 – 6 , 210 – 11 ; and Gu blind, 205 ; brotherly, 182 ; of ease Long, 128 , 207 , 209 , 219 , 221 ; and Jin and hate of work, 125; of killing, 153 ; Yong’s novels, 116 ; use of expressions of ordinary people, 155 ; passionate, “xia” and “wu”, 8 146; relationships, 103 ; scenes, 103 ; Lin Yutang, 1 , 97 , 240 stories, 36 , 77 Linghu Chong, 90 , 114 , 116, 165 , 176 , lovers, 77, 84 , 102 , 155 , 205 – 6 185 – 6 , 187 , 210 – 11 , 213 – 14 , 215 loyalty, 40 , 59 , 72 , 79 , 82 , 136 , 137 , 172 , literary atmosphere, 103, 184 , 224 181 ; master’s, 41 ; unceasing, 137 literary form, 27 , 149 , 158 , 224 , 233 Lu Jujian, 114 literary genre, 56, 79 , 131 , 223, 224 , 233 Lu Sheng, 31 literary purges, 93 Lu Shi, 83 literary signii cance, 223 , 233 , 234 Lu Xiaofeng, 103, 112 , 116 , 120, 146 , literary styles, 89 , 223 , 228 154 , 156 literary talents, 34 , 54 Lu Xun, 34 , 59 , 61 , 64 , 71 , 73 –4 , 136 , literary traditions, 15 , 23 , 49 , 58 , 73 , 105 , 141 , 155 , 190 – 1 139 , 232 Lu Zhaolin, 40 , 149 , 198 literary works, 99 , 105 , 112 , 138 , 223 , Lu Zhishen, 31 , 134 , 170 224 – 5, 226 , 232 Luan Bu, 217 literati, 4, 18 , 20 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 57 , 81 – 2, luck, concept of, 146, 167 , 173 111 , 192 Lulin, 73 , 138 , 139 , 142 , 160 , 162 , 164 , literature, 2 , 23 , 86 , 99 , 106 , 128 – 9 , 167 – 8 , 180 ; abandoned, 141 ; heroes of, 224 , 230 , 233 , 234 ; Chinese, 5, 29 , 139 , 168 , 169 – 70 , 199 ; rules of, 93 ; the 239 ; genre of popular, 89 , 136 , 158 ; i ghters of, 167 – 8 historians of, 230 , 233 ; historic, 23 ; Lulu Sword, 109 historic resources of, 230 ; popular, 89 , Luo Binwang, 218 98 , 105 , 136, 158 , 234 – 5 ; pure, 234 – 5; Luo Dajing, 41 wuxia, 58 – 9 , 67 – 8, 83 , 85 , 86 , 89 – 90 , Luo Ergang, 92 92 , 105 – 6 , 164 , 203 ; xiake, 13 – 17, Luo Hongxun, 78 34 – 44 , 53 – 5, 56 – 63 , 132 – 7 , 138 – 42 , Luo Ye, 61 , 66 147 – 54 , 168 – 71 , 198 – 201 ; youxia, 9 – 11 , lust, 74 , 76 , 101 , 103, 145 , 157 ; banning of, 12 – 14 , 24 – 8 , 41 – 2, 48 – 50 , 160 – 2 , 166 , 103 ; song of, 100 ; suppression of, 101 171 – 2 , 195 – 8 , 217 – 19 lyrics, 21 , 74 “Little Crane” Jiang Xiaohe, 103 , 146 Little Crane Shocks Kunlun , 88 , 102 – 3 , magazines, 87 , 235 122 , 145 – 6 , 175 , 192 , 204 , 207 , 220 magical arts, 46 , 53 , 56 , 70 , 109 , 183 Liu Changyi, 35 Magnii cent Era in the Capital , 65 Liu Hou, 239 Mahayana martial arts, 185 Liu Kairong, 49 Manual of Sword Exorcism , 205 Liu Qingfu, 31 Mao Sheng , 220 Liu Ruoyu, 8, 29 , 223 Mao Yuanyi, 111 Liu Xie, 233 market forces, 83 – 4 Liu Xuan, 167 markets, 21 , 40 , 79 , 83 , 84 , 98 , 134 , Liu Yao, 113 153 , 189 Liu Yazi, 18 , 134 Marquis of Xixiang (Lou Hu), 161 Liu Yufang, 206 marriage, 75 , 78 Liu Zhengfeng, 142 , 181 martial arts, 124, 125 – 6 , 132 , Liu Zhuo, 29 177 , 178 , 185 , 187 , 192 – 4 , 213 ; Liu Zongyuan, 36 competitions, 192 ; experts, 107 , 154 , loneliness, concept of, 185 , 208 – 9 , 187 ; i ghters, 124 , 132 , 142 , 193 ; 210 – 11 , 236 internal, 125 – 6 ; learning Mahayana, long swords, images of, 23 , 31 , 35 , 45 – 6, 185 – 6 ; practicing, 38 , 101, 124 , 185 ; 111 , 189 , 241 practitioners, 132, 192 ; process of looting, 163 learning, 185 , 205 ; secret texts of, Lou Hu (Marquis of Xixiang), 10 , 42 , 161 124, 126 ; skills, 43 ,

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Index 255

124 – 5 , 133 , 137 , 175 , 177, 185 , mountain forests, 137 , 164 – 5 , 168 186 , 188 , 193 ; studied, 123, 147 , murder, 50 , 52 , 90 , 152 , 155 , 157, 163 , 177 ; teaching of, 204 ; the cultivation 212 ; illegal, 166; screaming for, 152 ; of, 125 wanton, 194 Match Made in the Clouds , 90 , 108 , 120, music, 106 , 154, 156 , 203 124 , 147 , 149 , 206 , 209 , 210 – 11 , 213 material economy, 83 , 85 Nanke Chronicles , 30 material goods, 129 Needham, Joseph, 47 media, 58 , 232 New Tales of Male and Female Heroes , 79 medical science, 118 Nie Yinniang, 34 – 5 , 46 , 52 , 54 , 56 , medical theory, 123 97 , 117 , 118 , 162 , 185 ; and Guyaya medicines, 18, 78 , 227 repaid, 40 , 144 ; and Jingjing, 46 ; and Meng Jiao, 20 , 21 , 153 Kunlunnu, 68 , 75 mental training, 123 novel genre, 5 , 32 – 3, 58 – 9, 79 – 80 , 86 –7 , merchants, 195 89 , 184 , 227 – 9 , 231 – 2 , 233 – 4 ; popular, Miao revolt, 92 1 ; researching, 229 ; special, 224 mid-Qing period, 59 novellas, 55 military, 20 , 93 , 106 , 114, 142 , 155 , 169 , novels, 58 – 9, 70 – 1, 80 – 1, 82 – 3, 84 –5 , 238 ; chaos, 11, 19 ; deeds, 141; events, 87 – 8, 92 , 97 – 8, 100, 131 ; Ancient and 27 ; leaders, 11 , 19 ; organisations, 67, Modern Novels , 55 , 97 , 133 ; categories 170 , 212 ; techniques, 126 ; weapons, of, 61, 67 ; Collected History of Chinese 110 , 111 Novels , 223 ; detective, 118, 152 , 230 , Ming Dynasty, 54– 5 , 56 – 8, 69 , 70 , 91 – 2, 236 ; gothic, 235 ; high art, 89, 99 ; 117 , 119 , 176 , 178 , 179 historic, 35 , 92 , 174 , 184 ; Little Crane Ming History , 10 Shocks Kunlun , 102 – 3 , 122 , 146 , 192 , Ming operas, 58 220 ; medium length, 87 ; mystery, 235 ; ministers, 48, 66 , 72 , 133 , 143 , 160, 169 , Old and Modern Novels , 96 ; popular, 78 ; 175 , 178 ; corrupt, 142 ; famous, 61 , 220 ; Qing Xiayi, 87 , 203 , 204 , 220 ; romantic, great, 73 ; loyal, 61 , 136 , 220 84 , 184 , 227 ; Shi Hongzhao acts Mistaken Execution of Cuo Ning , 62 Regally at the Banquet for Emperor and Mo Le, 46 Ministers , 133 , 160, 169 , 175 ; social, 83 ; modern authors, 103 , 132 supernatural, 174, 224 ; The Sword and Mohism and Mohists, 216 the Gold Hairpin , 102 ; twentieth century, monasteries, 184, 191 – 2 , 193 , 194 , 205 82 , 144 ; western, 236 ; xiake, 134 money, 7 , 82 , 84 , 87 , 168 , 175 – 7 ; counterfeit, 172 ; making of, 174 – 5 ; Old and Modern Novels , 97 “spilling of”, 172 ; “treated like Old Book of Tang , 218 manure”, 20 Old Man of Lanling , 115 Monk Tales , 83 Old Times in Wulin , 65 “monk xiake”, 62 opera, 29 , 30 – 1 , 57 , 100 , 140 , 150 ; monks, 44 , 46 , 66 , 96 – 7, 178, 191 – 2 , 203; composers, 29 , 32 ; martial, 30 ; Sword active, 101 ; and priests, 96 , 192; evil, 65 , Chronicle , 29 , 30 , 134 ; Water Margin , 31 ; 97 , 151 ; old, 96 , 147 , 193 ; Shalin, 192 youxia, 30 morality, 25 , 41 , 52 – 3, 79 , 93 , 97 , 177, orthodox literati, 85 178 , 190 , 214 ; basic, 121 ; common, 219 ; orthodox masters, 214 considerations of, 100 , 158 , 176 , 194; orthodox sects, 192 , 212 – 14 human, 154 ; martial, 237 ; orthodox, 213 ; public, 107, 145 ; traditional, 42 “Peach Blossom Spring dream”, 93 , Morphology of Fairytales , 231 183 , 236 Mount Hua, 125 , 142 people, 92 – 3 , 133 – 5 , 151 – 3 , 171 – 3 , 175 – 6 , Mount Kongtong, 20 180 – 3 , 191 – 2 , 198 – 9 , 219 – 21 , 237 – 41 ; Mount Qingfengshan, 65 Chinese, 83, 91 , 93 , 125 , 153 , 155 , 223 ; Mount Tai, 40 common, 152, 160 , 162 , 163 , 167 , 180 , Mount Yan, 27 , 218 218 , 219 , 221 , 234 ; great, 133 , 164 , 165 ; Mount Yanran, 21 in danger, 10 , 16 , 133 , 182 , 197 , 199 , mountain caves, 120 , 124 , 184 – 6 , 187 , 203 217 ; innocent, 155 , 156 , 214 ; Jianghu,

256

256 Index

211 , 215 ; killing of, 151 , 156, 158 , 42 , 72 , 136 , 140 , 152 , 161 , 166 , 197 ; to 172 , 197; of Tang, 52 , 56 , 189, 218 ; gain fame, 141 slaughtering of, 132 , 189 Record of Ancient and Modern Swords , 110 Pingjiang Buxiaosheng, 80 , 84 , 92 , 95 , 97 , Record of Mengliang , 65 98 , 146 , 147 – 8 , 164 Record of Revenge through Book and plays, 29 , 31 Sword , 179 Poem about Joining the Army , 218 Record of the Rantings of a Drunken Old Poem about Meeting Xiake as a Youth , 19 , Man, 61 , 65 , 66 21 , 26 , 40 , 43 , 45 , 149 , 150 , 153 , 198 Record of Travels when Old and Crippled , 214 Poem of General Pei , 130 Records of Observations of the Eastern Han Poem of the Xiake of Boling Palace , 43 Dynasty , 121 Poem of the Youth from Handan , 20 research, 4 – 5 , 7 , 9 , 227 , 229 – 30 , 231 , Poems of Youth , 21 , 26 , 27 , 140 , 190 , 218 , 239 233 , 234 , 235 , 236 ; academic, 5, 6 ; poetry, 19 – 22 , 23 , 27 , 35 – 6 , 40 , 45 , 129 – assumptions, 230 ; formalist, 5 , 226 ; 30 , 167 – 8 , 220 – 1 , 226 ; Assorted Poems genre, 225 – 6 , 227 – 8 , 230 , 231 – 2 ; from the Year of Jihai , 17 , 135 ; classic synchronistic, 229 ; textual, 2 Chinese, 105 ; eulogizing, 140 ; merging, Research into Tang Dynasty Stories , 49 130 ; Poem about Joining the Army , 218 ; researchers, 59 – 60 , 61 , 65 , 105 , 230 , Poem of General Pei , 130 ; Poem of the 235 , 236 Xiake of Boling Palace , 43 ; Poems of Youth , revenge, 37 – 8 , 39 – 40 , 75 , 96 , 121 , 133 – 4 , 21 , 26 , 27 , 140 , 190 , 218 , 239 ; romantic, 143 , 146, 149 – 50 , 204 ; ethnic, 149 ; 23 ; Shi Jianwu Poems , 20 ; structuralist, extracting, 39 , 201 ; killings, 231 – 2 ; 228 ; The White Horse Chronicles , 14 , 21 , murders, 62; personal, 25 , 31 , 107 ; 26 , 27 , 36 , 140 , 189 , 198 ; Xiake Poem , unprincipled blind, 145 21 , 27 , 42 – 3 , 239 ; Collected Poems from “revenge killing”, 231 Yuefu , 21 ; Drunken Poems , 23; Poem about Rites of the Elder Dai, The Forging of Meeting Xiake as a Youth , 19 , 21 , 26 , 40 , Swords , 113 43 , 45 , 149 , 150 , 153 , 198; Poems of Youth , 21 , 26 , 27 , 140 , 190 , 218 , 239 Scholar Xiake , 139, 173 , 220 poets, 14 , 18 , 19 , 22 , 23 – 4, 26 , 27 , 35 , Scholes, Robert, 228 36 , 218 schools, 70 , 101 , 114 , 123 , 124 , 192 , 210, potions, 43 , 44 , 46 – 7, 52 , 96 , 117 – 18 , 213 , 219 , 222 163, 177 ; corpse rotting, 118 ; magical Second World War, 18 attack, 52 ; “menghan”, 47 , 94 , 117 – 18 ; secret formulas, 118 production of, 118 ; selling of, 163 secret organizations, 179 Preface Stating the Aims, Literary Mind and secret passwords, 163 Dragon Carving , 233 secret societies, 49 , 91 – 2, 174 , 178 – 80 Preface to Tales of Heroes and the Heroic , 131 , sects, 114 , 177 , 178 , 181 , 183 , 192 , 212 ; 132 , 138 , 173 begging, 176; orthodox, 212 , 214 ; pre- Qin era, 237 religious, 192 ; wushu, 211 Propp, Vladimir, 227 – 8 , 229 , 230 , 231 , 232 Selected Yuan Operas , 59 Purple Hairpin Chronicle , 3 , 32 , 56 , 199 sex, 75 – 6 , 101 , 227 sexual deviations, 140 Qin Dynasty, 11, 106 , 196 Shadow of a Wandering Xiake , 114 , 116 , Qin Guan, 12 134 , 142 , 146 , 186 , 187, 206 – 7 , Qing Dynasty, 54 – 5 , 56 – 9, 63 , 64 – 5, 70 – 1, 219 , 221 80 – 1, 89 , 91 – 2 , 117 shadow of sword, concept of, 2, 127 , 129 , Qing novels, 139 , 141 , 177 186 , 194 Qing operas, 58 Shadows of Deep Dreams , 16 Qing Xiayi novels, 87 , 203 , 204 , 220 “Shanlin”, 166 – 7 Shaolin boxing, 70 , 192 – 3 , 211 Reading the Calligraphy of the Fifth Shaolin monks, 192 Genius , 171 – 2 Shi Hongzhao Acts Regally at the Banquet for rebelling, 26 , 140 , 166, 197 ; against the Emperor and Ministers , 133 , 160 , 169 , 175 cultural framework of the time, 25, 26 , Shi Jianwu Poems , 20

257

Index 257

short stories, 63 – 4 , 87 , 135 , 200 , 201 Tale of the Curly Bearded Xiake , 15 , 32 , shuoshu stories, 78 , 138 34 – 5, 46 , 51 , 54 , 56 , 97 , 155 , 168 – 9 Sima Qian, 7 , 9 – 11, 12 – 14 , 15 , 24 , 26 , 37 , Tale of Yang Wen Blocking the Tiger’s 42 , 106 – 7 , 161 Path, 175 Song Dynasty, 20 – 1 , 44 , 46 , 52 – 3, 61 , 65 , Tales of Double Xiake of Jianghu , 163 75 , 89 , 163 , 164 Tales of Heroic Men and Women , 65 Song History , 59 Tales of Outstanding Xiake of Jianghu , 95 Song tales, 41, 44 , 45 – 6, 47 , 49, 52 – 3, Tales of Red Heart Blue Blood Xiake , 15 , 148 55 – 6, 198 , 200 Tales of the Double Xiake of Jianghu , 163 Spring and Autumn of Wu and Yue , 114 Tales of the Extraordinary Xiake of Jianghu , Spring Dreams of the Fragrant Boudoir , 84 79 – 80 , 87 , 89 – 90 , 99 , 101, 102 , 146 , stealth weapons, 118 , 119 , 129 147 – 8 , 175 , 203 – 4 stories, 35 – 6 , 50 –2 , 53 – 4, 55 – 61 , 62 –3 , Tales of the Great Xiake of Jianghu , 65 – 6, 79 – 80 , 96 –7 , 146 – 7 , 227 – 9 ; 89 – 90 , 164 children’s, 227 – 8 ; detective, 152, 235 , Tales of the Sword Fighters of Jianghu , 163 236 ; hackneyed, 103; haoxia, 33 – 5 , Tales to Make You Slap the Table in 36 – 7, 43 , 45 , 46 –7 , 50 , 51 , 53 – 4 , 58 , Amazement , 39 , 55 – 6 , 63 , 108 , 114 , 189 163 ; historical, 96 ; huaben, 55 , 56 , Tan Sitong, 4, 18 , 19 , 237 58 – 9, 63 , 68 , 223 ; imaginary, 174; Tang and Song and haoxia novels, 32 , 38 mystical, 126; popular, 81 ; short, Tang and Song haoxia stories, 49 , 53 , 63 – 4, 87 , 135 , 200 , 201 ; shuoshu, 55 – 6, 87 , 202 78 , 138 ; supernatural, 58 – 9, 75 ; Tang and Song tales, 41 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 53 , traditional, 65 ; wenyan, 54 – 5 ; 118 , 169, 198 , 200 Western detective, 151 – 2 ; xiake, 11 , Tang Dynasty, 19 , 20 – 1, 25 , 26 – 7, 28 , 29 , 35 , 61 , 63 , 67 , 78 , 94 , 134 , 155 34 – 5, 37 , 40 – 1, 43 – 4, 55 , 56 – 7 , 75 Su Manzhu, 97 Tang tales, 11 , 15 , 34 – 5, 36 – 7, 94 , 96 , 115, Sui Dynasty, 126 117 , 119 , 122 Sun Yusheng, 83 Tang Xianzu, 31 , 32 , 56 , 199 Sword Chronicle , 29 , 30 , 134 temples, 160 , 162 , 175 , 176 , 184 , 191 – 2 , sword dancing, 55 , 115 , 116 – 17 , 193 , 220 193 , 194 , 203 , 205 sword i ghters, 44 , 134 , 162 , 211 The Amazing Xiake of Jianghu , 163 sword i ghting, 43 , 46 , 116 , 127 , 132 The Assassins of Xiuzho , 41 Sword Force, Pearl Shine , 88 The Atonement of Li Kui , 29 , 31 sword immortals, 16 , 57 , 94 – 5, 109, 133 , The Book of the Later Han , 11 174 , 183 The Case of the Dragon Seal , 81 sword techniques, 29 , 75 , 95 , 114 , 186 The Collected Works of Hunanyilao, An sword wielding imagery, 21 , 22 , 44 , 67 Analysis and Emotional Response to the swords, 19 – 23 , 29 – 31 , 44 – 5, 94 – 6, 102 – 3 , Historian’s Record , 13 108 – 14 , 115 – 17 , 122 – 3 , 134 – 5 , 198 – 9 ; The Deer and the Cauldron , 47 , 92 , 94 , 128 , ancient, 113 ; belittling, 124; crossing, 150 , 168 – 9 , 179 , 189 , 190 116 ; dancing with, 116 – 17; famous, Feeling Smug in Jianghu, 90, 113, 95 , 110 ; l ying, 44 , 68 , 75 , 114 ; glint of 114–15, 124, 176, 187, 207, 211, steel and shadow of, 2 , 127 , 129 , 186 , 213–14, 221–2 194; magical, 95 ; performing dancing, The Female Xiake of Huangjiang , 102 – 3 , 26 ; “podao”, 62, 66 ; poetry in the, 130 ; 121 , 178 private, 173 , 195 ; short, 45 – 6; wooden, The Female Xiake of Huangjiang , 102 – 3 , 123 – 4 , 208 ; xiake’s, 129 121 , 178 swordsmen, 16 , 41 , 48 , 50 , 51 – 2, 92 , 111, The Fighter Under the Bed , 46 , 49 115 , 180 , 183 ; expert, 16 ; female, 56 ; The Great Thief Sends a Plum, The Thief Xia solitary, 206 ; tales of, 111 , 183 Always Does Three Sneaky Tricks , 62 The Legend of Heaven’s Favour and Dragon Taiwanese wuxia novels, 19 Slayer , 88 Tale of Heroic Xiayi , 24 , 59 , 131 , 132 , The Legend of the Condor Heroes , 88 , 138 , 173 103 – 4 , 125, 126 , 128 , 129 , 147 , 148 , Tale of Prefect Nanke , 218 208 , 221

258

258 Index

The Legend of the Swordsmen of Shushan , 80 , 83 ; modern, 97 , 123 , 225 ; novel, 46 ; 15 , 80 , 88 , 90 , 95 , 97 , 101 , 102 , of operas, 56 120 , 211 – 12 Wu, 11 The Legend of the Water Margin , 62 , Wudang boxing, 70 , 192 – 3 , 211 64 – 5, 67 , 69 –71 , 76 , 153 , 155 , 170 , Wulin, 65, 112 , 174 , 176 , 180 , 192 , 207 , 171 – 2 , 180 212 , 214 ; abominations of, 213 ; i ghts, The Man with the Blue Headband , 52 174 ; jiushi, 65 ; masters, 185 , 190 , 193 The Red Horse with the Purple Mane , wushu, 6, 100 – 1 , 106, 108 , 126 , 128 , 20 , 198 130 – 1 , 185 , 186, 193 ; abilities, 51 , The Return of the Condor Heroes , 88 94 ; battles, 215; competitions, 115; The Sound of Music from Distant Mountains , cultivation, 108 , 127 ; doing xiake deeds 154 , 156 through, 108; exceptional, 186 ; experts, The Story of Hong Xian , 28 , 35 , 40 , 46, 51 , 108 ; family practice, 102 ; highest level 52 , 56 , 97 , 162 – 3 of, 128 ; learning, 41 , 102 , 127 , 175 ; The Sword and the Gold Hairpin , 88 , 102 – 3 , masters, 68 , 69 ; movies, 32 ; novels, 135 , 154 , 205 210 ; platforms for, 95 ; practicing, 101 ; The Typology of Detective Fiction. , 230 practitioners, 15 , 76 ; skilled beyond The White Horse Chronicles , 14 , 21 , 26 , 27 , others at, 76 ; skills, 42 , 43 – 4, 48 , 50 , 36 , 140 , 189 , 198 52 – 3, 94 , 95 , 107 – 8 , 128 , 187 ; stories, “thief xiake”, 62 43 , 127 ; tying together with morality, 93 Three Talks , 62 wushu sects, 211 Three Xiake, Five Heroes , 28 , 60 , 63 , 64 , 66 , wuxia , 58 – 9 , 67 – 8, 83 , 85 , 86 , 89 – 90 , 92 , 76 – 7, 79 –80 , 81 , 191 , 204 105 , 164 , 203 Todorov, Tzvetan, 230–6, 236 – 40 wuxi novels, 3 – 9 , 32 – 4 , 82 – 7 , 88 – 9 , 94 – 6 , Tomashevsky, Boris, 228 – 9, 230 , 231 98 – 101 , 128 – 32 , 177 – 80 , 183 – 5 , 233 – 5 ; Two Slaps , 62 artistic level of, 98 , 104 ; Chinese, 33 , 80 , 82 , 151 , 201 , 223 , 230 ; colourful, vengeance, 121 , 122 , 134, 135 , 136, 114 ; criticised by people as lacking 142 , 143 , 145 , 152 , 153 ; endless, 145 ; artistic value, 83 ; cultural l avour of, exacting, 204 ; “happy”, 149 , 151, 152 ; 202 – 3 ; descriptions of i ght scenes in, of wrongs, 145 ; personal, 146 , 149 , 151 ; 125 ; development of, 6 , 70 , 81 , 82 , xiake, 147 89 , 98 , 179 , 224 ; earliest, 9 ; fans of, 5 , 232 ; focus of, 160 , 211 ; Hong Kong, Wallace, Martin, 236 19 ; image of xiake in, 53 , 142 ; modern, wandering scholars, 106 , 196 – 7 99 , 134 ; new school of, 96 , 103 – 4 , Wang Dulu, 80 , 84 , 103 , 135 , 154 , 173 , 118 , 123 , 125 , 142 , 207 , 209 , 219 , 177, 205 , 207 , 210 221 ; new style of, 59 , 208 ; old school Wang Feng, 167 of, 80 , 122 , 124 , 142 , 220 ; popularity Wang Kuang, 167 of, 4 , 19 , 153 ; reading of, 4 , 6 , 17 , 93 , Water Margin , 31 , 62 , 64 , 66 , 154 , 240 156 ; researching, 33 , 224 , 234 ; studied weapons, 44 , 45 , 47 , 95 , 109 , 110 – 11 , by academics, 8 ; Taiwanese, 19 ; Tale of 112 , 117 , 119 – 20 , 121 ; battle, 118 ; the Curly Bearded Xiake , 15 , 32 , 34 – 5 , concealed, 117 , 120 , 178 ; hidden, 108 , 46 , 51 , 54 , 56 , 97 , 155 , 168 – 9 ; Tales of 121 , 177 ; military, 110 , 111 ; stealth, Devoted Extraordinary Xiake , 179 ; Tales 118 , 119 , 129 of Double Xiake of Jianghu , 163 ; Tales of Wen, 10 Red Heart Blue Blood Xiake , 148 ; Tales Western detective stories, 151 – 2 of the Extraordinary Xiake of Jianghu , Western Han Dynasty, 19 79 – 80 , 87 , 89 – 90 , 99 , 101 , 102 , 146 , White Lotus rebellion, 92 147 , 175 , 203 – 4 ; Tales of the Great Xiake White Lotus Society, 179 , 180 of Jianghu , 89 –90 , 164 ; Tang and Song, Witness Accounts of the Dragon Seal , 81 32 , 38 ; The Deer and the Cauldron , 47 , “world ofi cialdom”, 179 , 181 , 183 92 , 94 , 128 , 150 , 168 – 9 , 179 , 189 , 190 ; “worldly people”, 48 , 50 – 2, 53 , 100 The Legend of the Swordsmen of Shushan , writers, 20 , 23 , 37 , 50 – 1, 73 – 4, 82 – 4, 15 , 80 , 88 , 90 , 95 , 97 , 101 , 102 , 120 , 87 – 8, 132 – 3 , 148 , 225 – 6; famous, 37 , 211 – 12 ; theory of, 9 ; Little Crane Shocks

259

Index 259

Kunlun, 102 – 3 , 122 , 146 , 192 , 220 ; xiake stories, 11 , 29 , 35 , 61 , 63 , 67 , 78 , 94 , Three Xiake , Five Heroes , 32 , 64 ; 134 , 155 twentieth century, 79 , 87 , 96 , 100 , 212 ; xiake vengeance, 147 xiake in, 28 , 86 , 91 , 95 , 109 , 149 , 177 xiayi novels, 58 – 9 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 – 5 , 74 – 5 , 76 – 7, 79 – 80 , 89 , 141 ; Chinese, xia, 8 – 9 , 14 , 21 – 2 , 24 – 6, 94 , 131 – 2 , 133 , 152 ; development of, 58 , 64 ; 137 , 216 – 17 , 236 – 7 ; ethic, 18 ; exert forerunner to, 59 ; influenced by power through their, 140; famous, 42; heroic tales, 68 ofi cial, 26 ; practiced, 11 Xiayi Romance , 77 Xia Dynasty, 110 xingxia, 36 , 37 – 8 , 39 , 40 , 43 , 48 , 52 , xiake, 13 – 17, 34 –44 , 53 – 5, 56 – 63 , 132 – 7 , 56 , 72 ; i ght, 29 ; “for the master”, 40 ; 138 – 42 , 147 – 54 , 168 – 71 , 198 – 201 ; methods, 58 ; stories, 54 ; themes, 38 ; actions of, 11 , 132 , 135 , 144 ; activities, topic of, 30 , 37 , 64 , 133 ; topics, 31; 11 , 35 , 58 , 164 , 170 , 184 , 200 , 201 , xiake, 39 , 40 207 ; admiration of, 18 , 23 , 52 , 83 ; Xu Diushan, 97 ancient, 22 , 40 , 41 , 49 , 107 , 140 , 216 , 217 ; and the Jin dynasties, 198 ; and the Yan Shigu, 217 Wei dynasties, 198 ; Chinese people’s Yang Guo, 90 , 104 , 116 , 129 , 148 , 186 , admiration of, 7 ; criticizing based on 188 , 205 , 207 – 8 political needs, 238 ; denouncing of, 137 ; youth, 19 – 22 , 26 – 7, 40 , 43 , 85 , 198 , 206 , descriptions of, 46 , 58 ; development 218 , 239 of, 207; dreams, 8, 17 , 18 , 24 , 241 ; youxia, 9 – 11, 12 – 14 , 24 – 8, 41 – 2, 48 – 50 , emotional soliloquies, 29 ; eulogising of, 160 – 2 , 166 , 171 – 2 , 195 – 8, 217 – 19 ; 18 ; i ghting injustice, 36 ; i ghting skills ancient, 31 , 41 ; dynasty, 10 ; eulogising, of, 122 , 129 ; i ghts, 117 , 121 , 132, 177 ; 20 , 111 ; historical, 26 ; literature, 223 , images of in stories, 14 , 15 – 16 , 17 , 20 , 237 ; magistrate, 161 ; operas, 30; plain- 24 , 28 – 9, 34 – 5, 36 – 7, 38 , 218; infusing clothed, 160 – 1; poetry, 19 , 26 , 30 , 35 , with i ghting skills, 94 ; literature, 67 ; 37 , 58 , 232 ; rural, 160 ; spirit, 19 , 159, loyal, 74 , 86 , 92 ; male, 75, 77 ; novels, 237 , 240 – 1 ; sword wielding, 37 ; the 194 , 200 , 223 ; of Jianghu, 17, 135 , 168 , power of the, 237 ; topics, 31; tradition, 171 , 174 , 179, 211 ; real life, 43, 47 , 54 ; valued, 139 68 , 71 , 132 , 149, 150 , 151 , 170, 173 ; Yuan Dynasty, 58 , 59 , 62 , 63 , 153 , 154 , representations of, 15 , 35 ; role of, 61 , 160 , 161 , 163 79 ; Tang and Song tales, 40 , 44 , 45 , 49 , Yuan operas, 58 53 ; unenlightened, 107 Yue Gongpu, 220 xiake deeds, 21 , 22 , 135 ; process of doing, 208 ; rising to do, 240 ; sitting to discuss, Zeng Guofan, 24 240 ; sword and doing, 106, 117 , 189 , Zhang Liang, 239 207 , 212 , 232 , 233 , 237 ; theme of doing, Zhang Taiyan, 25 , 139, 173 , 237 , 239 158 , 207 , 212 Zhao Taizu Escorts Jingniang 1000 Miles Xiake Monk , 44 , 97 , 119 Home , 68 , 75 , 169 “xiake moral”, 21 Zheng Guan, 27 Xiake Poem , 21 , 27 , 42 – 3 , 239 Zhou Dynasty, 11 “xiake spirit”, 21 , 77 , 207 , 209 , 215, 218 , Zhuang Binghai, 163 223, 237 , 238 , 239 – 40