Yellowstone Hot Springs Are Organic Chemodiversity Hot Spots Michael Gonsior1, Norbert Hertkorn2, Nancy Hinman3, Sabine E.-M
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Yellowstone Hot Springs are Organic Chemodiversity Hot Spots Michael Gonsior1, Norbert Hertkorn2, Nancy Hinman3, Sabine E.-M. Dvorski2, Mourad Harir2, William J. Cooper4 & Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin2,5 Received: 5 June 2018 Yellowstone National Park hydrothermal springs were investigated according to their organic Accepted: 11 September 2018 geochemistry with a special focus on the Yellowstone hot spring dissolved organic matter (YDOM) Published: xx xx xxxx that was solid-phase extracted. Here we show that YDOM has a unique chemodiversity that has not yet been observed anywhere else in aquatic surface environments and that Yellowstone hot springs are organic chemodiversity hot spots. Four main geochemically classifed hot spring types (alkaline- chloride, mixed alkaline-chloride, acid-chloride-sulfate and travertine-precipitating) exhibited distinct organic molecular signatures that correlated remarkably well with the known inorganic geochemistry and manifested themselves in excitation emission matrix fuorescence, nuclear magnetic resonance, and ultrahigh resolution mass spectra. YDOM contained thousands of molecular formulas unique to Yellowstone of which 80% contained sulfur, even in low hydrogen sulfde containing alkaline-chloride springs. This unique YDOM refects the extreme organic geochemistry present in the hydrothermal features of Yellowstone National Park. Physical, chemical, and biological processes control the evolution of minerals and dissolved organic mat- ter (DOM) over a vast range of mass, length, and time1. Indeed, mutual interferences and interactions among these processes presumably have defned chemical and biological evolution throughout Earth history. Modern terrestrial biology operates largely within limited temperature, pH, and redox conditions. In contrast, extreme environments, such as hot springs, have wide ranges of physicochemical parameters, generally believed to be similar to environments found on early Earth2.
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