CPSA Patternbooks in America

CPSA Patternbooks in America http://www.palladiancenter.org/patternbooks.html

- Welcome Palladio and Architectural Patternbooks - Activities in Colonial America - Journal

- Articles / Data THE INFLUENCE OF ANDREA PALLADIO proper Ornaments; which may be reached colonial America through executed by any Workman who - Andrea Palladio English translations of his own seminal understands Lines, either as here publication Four Books on Architecture Design'd, or with some Alteration, which - How to Join (Venice, 1570), but an even more may be easily done by a person of - Directors influential conduit was a wave of more Judgment. . . ' than 100 richly illustrated 'patternbooks' - Contact Us published in England in the 1700s and Other patternbooks focused on practical widely distributed in America. issues of carpentry and measurement or - Links on the design of interior elements such James Gibbs, who wrote A Book of as doorframes, mantels, stairs and Architecture (London, 1728), one of the plaster patterns for ceilings. Many most influential of the patternbooks, noted examples of Palladian buildings in explained his purpose in an introduction. America can be traced to particular The work, he said, 'would be of use to patternbook plates, including Drayton such Gentlemen as might be concerned Hall in South Carolina, Redwood in Building, especially in remote parts of Library and the Brick Market in Rhode the country, where little or no assistance Island, and Battersea, Brandon and for Designs can be procured. Such may Mount Airy in Virginia. Examples of be here furnished with Draughts of interior features copied or derived from useful and convenient Buildings and the books abound as well.

Selected patternbooks before 1776 with some instances of their use in America

Here is a selection of pre-Revolutionary patternbooks. Some of the entries identify one or more specific buildings from the colonial period which were influenced by the particular book.

Robert Adam and James Adam The Works in Architecture of Robert and James Adam, esquires London: 1st ed., vols. 1-2, 1773-1778 Other eds.: London: 1786; London: Priestley and Weale, 1822 [with new vol. 3].

Colen Campbell Vitruvius Britannicus, or, The British Architect, 3 vols. London: vols. 1-2, 1st ed. 1715-1717; vol. 3, 1st ed. 1725 Other eds.: London: 1731; London: [c1751].

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Somerset House, London, from Campbell, Brick Market, Newport, Rhode Island, Vitruvius Britannicus (Chap. 1, Plate 16). begun 1762.

Robert Castell The Villas of the Ancients Illustrated London: 1st ed. [1729, sic: 1728]

William Chambers A Treatise on Civil Architecture London: 1st ed. 1759 Other eds.: London: 2nd ed. 1768; London: 3rd ed. 1791; London: Priestley and Weale, 1825, London: J. Taylor, 4th ed. 1826; London: M. Taylor, 5th ed. 1836; London: Lockwood, 1862.

John Crunden Convenient and Ornamental Architecture, Consisting of Original Designs, for Plans, Elevations and Sections: beginning with the Farmhouse, and regularly ascending to the Most Grand and Magnificent Villa London: 1st ed. 1767 Other eds.: London: 1770; London: I. Taylor, 1785; London: I. and J. Taylor, 1788; London: I. and J. Taylor, 1791; London: I. and J. Taylor, 1797; London: J. Taylor, 1805; London: J. Taylor, 1815.

Roland Fréart, Sieur de Chambray A Parallel of the Antient Architecture with the Modern, in a collection of ten principal authors who have written upon the five orders, trans. by John Evelyn London: John Place, 1st ed. 1664 Other eds.: London: D. Brown et al., 2nd ed. 1707; London: D. Brown et al., 3rd ed. 1722; London: J. Walthoe et al., 4th ed. 1733. N. b.: Translated from the original French edition published in Paris, 1650.

Daniel Garret Designs, and Estimates, of Farm Houses, &c, for the County of York, Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Bishoprick of Durham London: J. Brindley, 1st ed. 1747 Other eds.: London: Piers and Webley, 2nd ed. 1759; London: R. Sayer and I. Tayloe, 1772.

James Gibbs A Book of Architecture, Containing Designs of Buildings and Ornaments London: 1st ed. 1728 Other eds.: London: W. Innys and R. Manby, 2nd ed. 1739.

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River façade, Mount Airy, Richmond County, Virginia.

Gibbs, A Book of Architecture . . . (Plate 58, detail).

Gibbs, A Book of Architecture . . . (Plate 4, detail). Bull's-eye window, Hammond-Harwood House, Annapolis, Maryland.

James Gibbs Rules for Drawing the Several Parts of Architecture, in a More Exact and Easy Manner Than Has Been Heretofore Practiced London: 1st ed. 1732 Other eds.: London: 2nd ed. 1736; London: A. Bettesworth, et al., 2nd ed. [sic], 1738; London: W. Innys, et al., 3rd ed. 1753.

William Halfpenny The Art of Sound Building; demonstrated in Geometrical Problems London: 1st ed. 1725 Other ed.: London: Sam. Birt and B. Motte, 2nd ed. 1725.

William Halfpenny [pseud. Michael Hoare] The Builder's Pocket Companion: Shewing an Easy and Practical Method for Laying down of Lines . . . London: T. Worrall, 1st ed. 1728 Other eds.: London: T. Worrall, 2nd ed. 1731; London: Richard Ware, 3rd ed. 1747.

William Halfpenny and John Halfpenny The Country Gentleman's Pocket Companion, and Builder's Assistant for Rural Decorative Architecture London: Robert Sayer, 1st ed. 1753

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Other ed.: London: 2nd ed. 1756

William Halfpenny, John Halfpenny, Robert Morris and Thomas Lightoler The Modern Builder's Assistant, or, A Concise Epitome of the Whole System of Architecture London: Robert Sayer, 1st ed. 1757 Others ed.: London: James Rivington and J. Fletcher, [1757].

William Halfpenny A New and Complete System of Architecture Delineated, Delineated in a Variety of Plans and Elevations of Designs for Convenient and Decorated Houses London: John Brindley, 1st ed. 1749 Other eds.: London: R. Sayer, 2nd ed, 1759; London: Robert Sayer, [1770].

William Halfpenny Practical Architecture, or a sure guide to the true working according to the rules of that science London: Thomas Bowles and John Bowles, 1st ed. c. 1724 Other eds.: London: Tho. Bowles, J. Batley and J. Bowles, 2nd ed. 1724; 5th ed. 1730 [reissued 1736]; London: Carrington Bowles, [1764].

William Halfpenny and John Halfpenny New Designs for Chinese Temples [later eds. retitled: Rural Architecture in the Gothick Taste] London: Robt. Sayer, 1st ed. 1750 Other eds.: Robert Sayer, 2nd ed. 1752; London: Robt. Sayer, 3rd ed. 1755.

William Halfpenny Six New Designs for Convenient Farm-Houses, with proper offices, &c. [later eds. retitled Useful Architecture in twenty-one New Designs for Erecting parsonage-houses, farmhouses, and Inns London: Robert Sayer, 1st ed. 1752 Other eds.: London: Robert Sayer, 1752; London: Robert Sayer, 2nd ed. 1755, London: Robert Sayer, 3rd ed. 1760.

William Halfpenny [pseud. John Miller in 2nd ed.] Andrea Palladio's First Book of Architecture, corrected from his original edition printed at Venice, 1581, . . . [later ed. retitled Andrea Palladio's Elements of Architecture, Restored to its Original Perfection . . . with a Geometrical Explanation of its True Principles of Perspective] London: J. Brindley and R. Sayer, 1st ed. 1751 Other ed.: London: R. Sayer, 1759.

Edward Hoppus and Benjamin Cole [Andrea Palladio] Andrea Palladio's Architecture in Four Books London: Benj. Cole, 1st ed. 1735 Other ed.: London: Benj. Cole, 1736.

Redwood Library, Newport, Rhode Island. Hoppus and Cole, Andrea Palladio's Architecture in Four Books (after William Kent, Designs of Inigo Jones).

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Edward Hoppus The Gentleman's and Builder's Repository, or Architecture Display'd London: James Hodges and Benjamin Cole, 1st ed. 1737 Other eds.: London: A. Bettesworth et al., 2nd ed. 1738; London: C. Hitch, J. Hodges and B. Cole, 3rd ed. 1748; London: C. Hitch, et al., 4th ed. 1760.

Inigo Jones (See William Kent; see Isaac Ware)

William Kent, editor The Designs of Inigo Jones, consisting of plans and elevations for publick and private buildings . . . with some Additional Designs London: William Kent, 1st ed. 1727 Other ed.: London: Benjamin White, 1770.

Batty Langley The Builder's Chest-book; or a Complete Key to the Five Orders of Columns in Architecture [later eds. retitled The Builder's Vade Mecum] London: J. Wilcox, 1st ed. 1727 Other eds.: London: S. Fuller and Scales, 1729; London: S. Fuller, 1735; London: John Wilcox and James Hodges, 2nd ed. [orig. title], 1739.

Batty Langley The Builders Compleat Chest Book, or Library of Arts and Sciences [later eds. retitled The Builder's Compleat Assistant] London: 1st ed. 1738 Other eds.: London: Richard Ware, [c1738]; London: Richard Ware, 2nd ed. [c1750]; London: Catherine Ware, 3rd ed. [c1758]; London: C. and R. Ware, 4th ed. 1766; London: I. and J. Taylor, 4th ed. [sic], [c1790].

Batty Langley The City and Country Builder's and Workman's Treasury of Designs, or, The Art of Drawing and Working the Ornamental Parts of Architecture London: Thomas Langley 1st ed. 1740 Other eds.: London: S. Harding, 1745; London: S. Harding, 1750; London: S. Harding, 4th ed. 1756; London: John and Francis Rivington, 1770.

Venetian window, Mount Vernon, Fairfax County, Langley, The City and Country Builder's and Virginia. Workman's Treasury of Designs (Plate 51).

Batty Langley and Thomas Langley The Builder's Jewel, or the Youth's Instructor, and Workman's Remembrancer London: R. Ware, 1st ed. 1741

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Other eds.: London: 1746; London: 1751; London: 1754; London: 1757; London: C. and R. Ware. 10th ed. 1763; London: James Williams, 11th ed. 1766; London: Christopher Wren, 11th ed. [sic] 1766; London: C. and R. Ware, et al., 11th ed. [sic] 1768; Dublin: James Williams, 12th ed. 1768; Edinburgh: R. Clark, 12th ed. [sic] 1768; Edinburgh: R. Clark, 1769; Edinburgh: R. Clark, 1774; London: J. F. and C. Rivington, et al., new ed. 1787; London: T. Longman, et al., new ed. 1794; London: T. Longman, et al. new ed. 1797; Charleston: Samuel Hill, 1st Amer. ed. [1800]; Haddington: G. Miller, new ed. 1805; Edinburgh: John Ruthven, 1808.

Batty Langley and Thomas Langley, Doorframe, west parlor, Mount Vernon, The Builder's Jewel (Plate 23). Fairfax County, Virginia.

Rusticated wood siding , Mount Vernon, Batty Langley and Thomas Langley, Fairfax County, Virginia. The Builder's Jewel (Plate 75).

Batty Langley Ancient Architecture, restored, and improved [later eds. retitled The Gothic Architecture Restored and Improved]

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[London]: 1st ed. [1742] Other ed.: London: John Millan, 1747; London: I. And. J. Taylor, c1793.

Giacomo Leoni; Nicholas Dubois, trans. [Andrea Palladio] The Architecture of A. Palladio; in Four Books London: trilingual 1st ed. [1716]-1720 Oher eds.: London: 2nd ed. 1721; London: 3rd ed. with Inigo Jones marginalia, 1742.

Leoni, Architecture of A. Palladio; in Four Books, Thomas Jefferson, Planning drawing for Monticello I Book 2: Façade, Villa Cornaro. Façade, Albemarle County, Virginia.

John Miller (See William Halfpenny)

Robert Morris An Essay in Defense of Ancient Architecture; or a Parallel of the Ancient Buildings with the Modern, Shewing the Beauty and Harmony of the Former, and the Irregularity of the Latter London: D. Browne, et al., 1st ed. 1728

Robert Morris Lectures on Architecture, Consisting of Rules Founded upon Harmonick and Arithmetical Proportions in Building London: J. Brindley, 1st ed. 1734-1736 Other ed.: London: 2nd ed. 1759.

Robert Morris [anonymous] An Essay upon Harmony as it relates chiefly to Situation and Building London: T. Cooper, 1739

Robert Morris The Architectural Remembrancer: Being a Collection of New and Useful Designs of Ornamental Buildings and Decorations [later editions retitled Architecture Improved, in a Collection of Modern, Elegant and Useful Designs] London: 1st ed. 1751 Other eds.: London: 1755; London: 1757.

Robert Morris Rural Architecture: Consisting of Regular Designs of Plans and Elevations for Buildings in the Country, in Which the Purity and Simplicity of the Art of Designing Are Variously Exemplified [later eds. retitled Select Architecture, Being Regular Designs of Plans, and Elevations, Well Suited to Both Town and Country] London: 1750 Other eds.: London: Robert Sayer, 1755; London: 1757.

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Robert Morris, Select Architecture, Plate 3.

West façade, Brandon (begun 1765), Prince George County, Virginia.

East façade, Battersea (begun 1768), Petersburg, Virginia.

Robert Morris, Select Architecture, Plate 11 Jeremiah Lee Mansion, Marblehead, Massachusetts

Joseph Moxon

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Vignola; or the Compleat Architect [eds. from 1703 retitled The Theory and Practice of Architecture; or Vitruvius and Vignola Abridg'd London: Moxon, 1st ed. 1655 Other eds.: London: 2nd ed. 1665; London: 3rd ed. 1673; London: 4th ed. 1692; London: 4th ed. [sic] 1694; London: 5th ed. 1703; London: J. Derby, 1729.

Charles Over Ornamental Architecture in the Gothic, Chinese and Modern Taste London: Robert Sayer, 1st ed. 1758 Other ed.: London: Robert Sayer, [c1765].

William Pain The Practical Builder, or Workman’s General Assistant; shewing the most approved and easy methods for drawing and working the whole or separate part of any building London: I. Taylor, 1st ed. 1774 Other eds: London: I. Taylor, 1776; London: I. Taylor, new ed. 1778; London: I. and J. Taylor, 4th ed. 1787; London: I. and J. Taylor, 4th ed. [sic] 1789; Boston: John Norman, 4th ed 1792; London: I. and J. Taylor, 5th ed. 1793; London: J. Taylor, 6th ed. 1799; London: J. Taylor, 7th ed. 1804.

William Pain The Builder's Companion and Workman's General Assistant London: 1st ed. 1758 Other eds;: London: 1762; London: Robert Sayer, 3rd ed. 1769

William Pain The Builder's Pocket-Treasure; or, Palladio Delineated and Explained London: W. Owen, 1st ed. 1763 Other eds.: London: W. Owen, 2nd ed. 1766; London: W. Owen, new ed. 1771; London: new ed. 1785; London: I. and J. Taylor, new ed. 1793; London: new ed. 1794; Boston: 1794.

Andrea Palladio; Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington Fabbriche Antiche London: c1735.

Francis Price A Treatise on Carpentry [later eds. retitled The British Carpenter, or a Treatise on Carpentry] London: 1st ed. 1733 Other eds.: London: 2nd ed. 1735; London: C. Hitch, et al. 3rd ed. 1753; London: C. Hitch, et al., 4th ed., 1759; London: A. Millar, 5th ed. 1765; London: 6th ed. 1768; Dublin: 6th ed. [sic], 1768.

Godfrey Richard, trans. [Andrea Palladio] The First Book of Architecture by Andrea Palladio . . . with an Appendix Touching Doors and Windows, by Pr. Le Muet, Architect to the French King London: 1st ed. 1663 Other ed.: London: John Macock, 2nd ed. 1668; London: N. Simmons, 3rd ed. 1376; London: T. Passenger, 4th ed. 1683; London: T. Parkhurst, 5th ed. 1693; London: T. Braddyl and E. Tracy, 6th ed. 1700; London: 7th ed. 1708; London: Eben. Tracy, 8th ed. 1716; London: H. Tracy, 9th ed. 1721; London: S. H. and H. T., 10th ed. 1724; London: Edw. Midwinter, 11th ed. 1729; London: A. Bettesworth and C. Hitch, etc., 12th ed. 1733.

William Salmon Palladio Londinensis: or, The London Art of Building London: Ward and Wicksteed, et al., 1st ed. 1734 Other eds.: London: A. Ward,et al., 2nd ed. 1738 'with 15 additional plates, and sundry alterations and improvements, by E. Hoppus'; London: S. Birt, et al., 3rd ed. 1748; London: S. Birt, et al., 4th ed. 1752; London: S. Birt, et al., 5th ed. 1755 'with great alterations and improvements by E. Hoppus . . . and other eminent hands'; London: C, Hitch, et al., 1762; London: J. Rivington, et al., 7th ed. 1767 'with great alterations and improvements by E. Hoppus'; London: J. and F. Rivington, 8th ed. 1773.

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Salmon, Palladio Londinensis Paneled room, east wing, Randolph-Peachy (Plate 27 detail). House, Williamsburg, Virginia.

James Stuart and Nicholas Revett The Antiquities of Athens, Measured and Delineated, 5 vols. London: 1762-1816

Abraham Swan The British Architect; or, The Builder's Treasury of Stair-cases London: 1st ed. 1745 Other eds.: London: 2nd ed. 1750; London: 1758; London: c1765; London: Robert Sayer, c1768; Philadelphia: John Norman, 1775; Boston: John Norman, 1794.

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Swan, The British Architect (Plate 50). With Plate 51, the basis for (i) the fireplace and overmantel, west parlor, Mount Vernon, Fairfax County, Virginia, and (ii) for the fireplace and ovemantel, James Brice House, Annapolis, Maryland.

Abraham Swan A Collection of Designs in Architecture, containing New Plans and Elevations of Houses, for General Use London: 1st ed. 1757 Other eds.: London: 1758; London: 2nd ed. [1765]; London: Robert Sayer, c1768; Philadelphia, [vol. 1 only] 1775.

Abraham Swan Designs in Carpentry [later eds. retitled The Carpenter's Complete Instructor in Several Hundred Designs] London: 1st ed. 1759 Other ed.: London: Robert Sayer, 1768.

Isaac Ware, editor The Designs of Inigo Jones and Others London: 1st ed. [1731] Other ed.: London: J. Millan, 1743.

Isaac Ware [Andrea Palladio] The Four Books of Andrea Palladio's Architecture, 2 vols. London: Isaac Ware, 1738 Other ed.: London: 1755.

Isaac Ware A Complete Body of Architecture. Adorned with Plans and Elevations, from Original Designs . . . . In which are interspersed some Designs of Inigo Jones, never before Published London: T. Osbourne, et al., 1st ed. 1756 Other ed.: London: J. Rivington, et al. 1767; London: 1768.

Robert Wood The Ruins of Palmyra London: 1st ed. 1753.

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Notes This annotated bibliography, a work in progress, was assembled from a variety of sources, including: Charles E. Brownell, Calder Loth, William M. S. Rasmussen and Richard Guy Wilson, The Making of Virginia Architecture (Charlottesville: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, 1992); Kenneth Hafertepe and James F. O'Gorman, American Architects and their Books to 1848 (University of Massachusetts Press, 2001); Eileen Harris, British Architectural Books and Writers 1556-1785 (Cambridge University Press, 1990); Helen Park, List of Architectural Books Available in America Before the Revolution (Hennessey & Ingalls, 1973); William H. Pierson, Jr., American Buildings and their Architects: The Colonial and Neo-Classical Styles (New York: Doubleday, 1970); John Summerson, Architecture in Britain, 1530-1830 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993); Janice G. Schimmelman, Architectural Books in America: Architectural Treatises and Building Handbooks Available in American Libraries and Bookstores through 1800 (Oak Knoll Press, 1999); Thomas Tileston Waterman, The Mansions of Virginia 1706-1776 (New York: Bonanza Books, 1945).

Additional information comes from publications of the Center for Palladian Studies in America, Inc., including the 3-volume Building by the Book series, edited by Mario di Valmarana, and Palladiana, the Journal of CPSA.

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