! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! English Bachillerato Prep Course A Guide to Preparing Students for the Ministry of Education’s Graduation Exam !

By Megon Coon, Ken Ferrell and Kevin Klott Peace Corps TEFL Volunteers Costa Rica ! !

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Dear Fellow Volunteers,

All high school seniors (11th grade for liceo and colegio académico, or 12th grade for colegio técnico) must pass the English graduation exam (bachillerato de inglés) in order to graduate from high school. This exam focuses entirely on reading comprehension skills, and without adequate preparation, passing this exam can be a major challenge for native Spanish speakers.

Students are allowed two and a half hours to complete 70 multiple-choice questions. They will encounter 16 or 17 reading texts with two to six questions per text.

The names of the subjects in the table below are listed as they appear in the Ministry of Education (MEP) curriculum. The subjects are also listed in order of appearance on the exam. In this manual, we have changed some of the 1. Achievements of Our National Athletes subject names for 2. Costa Rican Art, Music and Crafts 3. Costa Rican Typical Food simplification but the 4. Types of Food (recipes) content remains the same. 5. Eating Habits and Behaviors at the Table Also included in the exam 6. Holidays and Celebrations in Costa Rica and Other English is a short grammar section Speaking Countries that focuses on important 7. Causes and Effects of the Misuse of Natural Resources 8. Travel grammar topics such as 9. Common Illnesses and New Diseases and Epidemics antonyms and synonyms, 10. Our Democratic Tradition prefixes and suffixes, 11. Careers, Jobs and Lifestyles linking words, 12. Science and Technology conjunctions, homographs, 13. Morals and Values and homophones. 14. Mass Media and Communication

Important reading comprehension skills for the test include: deducing meaning from context, finding key words within a text, focusing on general meaning (not the meaning of every word), and understanding how modal verbs change a sentence’s meaning. Some important test taking skills for the test include: reading questions first to identify required information, using a process of elimination to discount nonsense answers, and identifying important words or phrases that can alter a question’s meaning (not, isn’t).

The purpose of this manual is to provide the lesson plans, worksheets, and practice readings an instructor would need to conduct a preparatory course for the English bachillerato exam. The vocabulary outlined in the course was taken directly from past exams in order to best prepare students for actual language seen on the exam. The lessons were designed to be conducted mostly in Spanish, considering the low level of spoken English of many high school students.

Good luck! Megon, Ken and Kevin

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Read the text. Choose the correct option that answers each question 11,2, 3,4, 5 and 6).

SPECIAL OLYMPICS FROM COSTA RICA

Erick, a 33-year-old swimmer and the oldest son of Eli6cer Zumbado and Aracelly Mora, was happy when he received the news that he would be one of the five new members of the Costa Rican Sports Hall of Fame. Erick is the first athlete with a disability (Down syndrome) who is.part of the Hall of Fame. He attributes his achievement to his hard work and dedication to training and swimming tournaments under the guidance of his trainer Heriberto Cespedes. Erick gets up at dawn from Monday through Saturday to travel from his home in Vuelta de Jorco in Aserrl to Desamparados to work until 3:00 p.m. at the Labor Workshop of Good Will lndustries. After work, he goes to Barreal de Heredia to train from 3:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m: swimming 3,700 meters. He began swimming at the age of 14, in 1989, when his parents d6cided to enroll him in a recreational swimming program in Heredia. Without realizing it, they were setting out on a road of success for the entire family. "Knowing that Erick had Down syndrome was very painful because it is something that you never expect. We.were ovenrvhelmed at first, but we faced it," Mrs. Mora remembered. lnstead of being disappointed, she and her husband accepted the situation and resolved to give Erick the opportunity to grow and succeed. Erick has won 48 medals'in local competitions, as well as nine awards in three Special Olympics World Games: Connecticut (USA) in 1995, North Carolina, USA in 1999 and Dublin, lreland, in 2003.

,. .t .' ' ., .,' 1) Howold'was Erick when he started training?

A) Just nine B) Fourteen C) Thirtythree D) More than fourteen

lN11-08 More free material online at LiveLingua Project 2') For how long has Erick,been swirnming?

A) Since 1g9S B) For nineteen years C) For thirty-three years D)'Sinee.hgiiias sgventeen 'tl ,l' . . .- t : ,.i ' '* t''l'

3) \A/hat type of program did Erick's parents enroil him?

A) Advanced B) Beginners C)A! Professional I D) Entertainment

4) How many medals has Erick won until now?

A) Around fourteen B) Less thal forty-nine C) More than forty eight D) Less than thirty-three

5) \Mrere does Erick go to train? He goes to train to -I A) Guadatupe B) Desamparados C) Vuelto de Jorco D) Barrealde Heredia

6) What time does Erick train?

A) ln the evening B) ln the afternoon C) Very early in the morning D) ln the middle of the morning

tN11-08 2 More free material online at LiveLingua Project t! sELECcrOru 0nrCR

Read the text below.

/ T:\ ADRIAN ROBERT: THE LEGEND

Adri6n Robert Bonilla was born onr March 24, 1966 in Barrio Escalante,. San Jos6, Costa Rica. He is Hilda Bonilla's and Fernando Robert's' youngest son: As a child, Adri5n was very healthy and energetic. Adri6n has four brothers, Fernando, Daniel, .:Enrique,' qnd Arturo. They taught him how to ride .motorcycles. The first time ,he rode one, he was eleven years old. All the males in the Robert family have almost'the same physical appearance, mainly the shape of their face. That is why many people ' get confused, and they are not.always sure about who is who,in the Robert family.

AdriSn is a very skillful motordycle rider who has won 39 national competitions and 1,5 Latin American tournaments. He is considering retiring pretry soon frorn motocross. He will continue participating in motocross tournaments just for fun but not to compete. t \ Transtated a:nd adapted from'La NablOn ny Virgina Jara.

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate option that completes each sentence. (ltems from 1 to 5)

1) Adri6n Robert is considered a very successful motorcycle rider because he

A) is healthy and energetic B) has won many championships C) has won more than 39 national championships D) has the same physical appearance as his brothers

rN11-09 More free material online at LiveLingua Project This outstanding athlete has 2) raced'not only. in Costa Rica but also in : A) Barrio Escalante B) foreign countries " C) his country D) San Jose

The writersaysthat:Adriin is.thinking of , 3) , , ,, ; 1,. ,,t .: ... , A) practicing this sport as a pro{,essional ' B)' retiring gpm competitive racing ' l C) racing motorcycles . D) havi4gafamily ' ,

4) Adri6n had his first experience as a motorcycle rider when he was a(n)

A) adult B) teenager C) young boy D) elderly man .

5) Adridn has

A) won more national than international competitions - B) won more internationalthan local competitions C) ridden motor.cycles professionatly all of his life "gotten D) confused during many competitions ,

|N11.09 .2 More free material online at LiveLingua Project SELECCION UNICA Read the text below.

: NATTONAL SURFTNG CHAMPTONSHTPS Costa Rican summer has arrived in Jaco. Each year the countryls best talents fight against waves that occasionally reach great heights.

. - Diego Naranjo, Jason Torres, and.Gilbbrth Brown were the national champions in the Men's Open Category in 2007. . Germain, "Nino" Myrie, was the national champion for the first time, in 2003. "Nino", came out on top after a rough final heat. "l want to compete well," he said at that moment; by mentioning "to compete well", he meant to fight against experienced and talented competitors. These competitors are former national champions with other international titles. So, "Nino" attacked each set as if it were the last one,. until he finally wo0" Torres, who was tne former Pan-American Jur$or Champion, won second place ulrly in the 2006-2007 National Circuit. He said, goal is to i

Copa Mango, the name .of the weekend contest, was inaugurated in the 2OOT- 200S natjonal surfing s.eason. The waves.have been much higher than those seen on the beach tor many weeks. "Despite the strong onshore winds, the waves were really cped, fun and "surfable" for a competition," said Lisbeth Vindas, a talented srirter who took first place in the Worhen's open Category.

Adapted fronl Beach Times, 200g

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate option that completes each sentence. (ltems from 1 to 5)

1) "Nino" has won a national surfing competition

A) once B) twice c) every year D) three years ago

lN41-10 ,ir € ir '4. :::.'.:i More free material online at LiveLingua Project&-4 2) Jason Torres,

A) took second place at the Pan-American Junior Championship B) won the Pan-American Junior Championship C) was awarded the National Circuit gold medal place $ took first in the Men's Open -Category

3) :'"GopA Mango"is th'etname of- ' ' in Costa Rica.

A) a beach B) a surfing copJest ,, tC) a surfin$champion D) the firqt championship

4l "surfable" in the specific situation of the reading means " tt

: A) good for a surfing competition' B) bad for a surfing competition C) too high dangerous waves D) strong winds :

r 5) Lisbeth Vindab was the in the Women's Open Catego.ry.

' A) best B) slowest '

C) youngest : E) least talented

tN41-10 -,-/'

.'. T' More free material online at LiveLingua Project ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Homework Readings Sports

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

More free material online at LiveLingua Project .'\ sELEccton 0rurcR "

Read the text. Choose the appropriate alternative to compiete each sentence. ALEJANDRO RAMIREZ

Alejandro Tadeo Ramirez Alvarez (born in San Jose,. Costa Rica, June 21, lgg8i is a cness Grandmaster:. He was inspired to become a ghep player after watching ihe movie 'searching lg1 QoOny Fischef'when he was four yearc olOl His first and only chess {eacher was his father; he then developed his own style. Ramirez became an lnternational Master at the age of 13, and completed the requirements for the Grandmaster title at lhe age of 1S, becoming the first Grandmaster ever in Central America and the youngest Grandmaster in America at that time. He oblained the Grandmaster tifle at a younger 3g:"j:i: p^":ly,,ll":l."J l,,l=rf,..ArejTdro is luent-il-$;r,.rh L".,dri3i, Presentty, he studies at the university oi T"*a, o"urs "'rj most presiigious "t iuTd;;ilr;il#il;; ::lgit*_p,-_ol?,_ql lhu academic -r""ir;;';ith"'uffi",,!i,y'"1scnorar'rnipr-in the United :Rl"j#:j*,i,:lTlf:",:"s_cfess"ara ,;ti"ili"ra ,"^"::*[i.llojf:-:l-?:1lrr_r_"I".: area, grgvidina i;d,',"rti",ii"'ric]'ilffi:,,, to parents who are interested in achievemenis in chess.

1) Alejandro wap first inspired to play chess

A) at the age of 13

B) when he was 15 : C) when he was four years old D) at the same age Bobby Fischer was

2) Alejandro's dad

A) is a Costa Rican chess champion B) taught his son how to play chess C) studied in the United States D) inspired Bobby Fischer

2

More free material online at LiveLingua Project play chess 3) , Aleiandro got motivation to A) after a;meeting with Bobby Fischer B) when he was a little child C) at the age of thirteen D) on June 21,1988

4) When Alejandro was fifteen years old, he A) watched a movie about Bobby Fischer B) develoPed his dad's stYle C) learned to sPeak English D) became a Grandmaster

5) Alejandro Ramirez A) has been the youngest Master of the world B) defeated BobbY Fischer's father C) speaks two languages

D) was born in Dallas :

6) Alejandro A) gives lectures at the UTD B) got a scholarshiP to studY C) motivated Bobby Fischer to play chess D) obtained a MasteCs degree in McDermott

More free material online at LiveLingua Project SELECCION UNICA

Read the text below.

.rt /< ->-- _jt__ Female Surfing Competition in Jh"'#

Recently, Lisbeth Vindas, the five-time national fenrale c;heis;pion since 2001, took one of the places first in ilre national srrrfing ccnr.esE. Gn the same day as the Fernale Open Final Surfing Cr:rrrpeirtilrr-rr Vindas spent nearly two hours taking the naiiona! mathen.iatics *xam ir; Quepos' Lisbeth "That says, day I arrived jtrst r'ive nrinuies i:rlfoi.e the cornpetiiion-" This was because the femai*: final competitrr:ntcok plact: iir.Ja c.&, atorvn tocated nearly two hours south of euepos. Vindas renrembe?s tnai she was a little distracted that day. she adds, "Ail r had in my head that rlay \{/ere riuinhers.,, rn spite cf that stressful start, she celebrated two victories: winning first place in the ccr;-npetition and passing the math exam. -:'- Another ouistanding athrete is Nataly Bernold who, at fourteen, became the youngest Costa .* Rican female surfing champiorr to v.rin the r:aiionai ::l{i champiqnship in the open Division. she also tock first piace rec*ntiy i the n Junior Female Category. Vindas says tlrat Bernclcj's st,rccessful championship is good for nationat surfing, for it shaws that Costa p.icarr female surfers are placing well in local competitions, and thai ycung lccal taierits are k>ecoming excellent ailrletes, ready to cornpete internationelly.

m5i.R.s;f.ryS!.rGlsi$Ef,_.:..: 8ai ed on the text above, choose the appropriate optlon that cr::nlpleies from 1to5) each sentence. (rtems

1) The text is about two

A) exceptional exams B) athletes' bietgraph ies c) water and indoor sports D) national surfing champions lN31- -o9T

More free material online at LiveLingua Project r, : 'IEllllg***!ii !r"::;;:.ry'

t' 2) Lisbeth Vindas has 'five surfing competitions.

' A) lost B) won C) competed in only D) just participated in

3) Bernold's best achievement at fourteen was to

A) be better than Lisbeth B) win over and over agaln C) be the yor-rngest girl from Jaco D) become an awardeci surfing champion

4, Lisbeth was the

A) best surfer of the Female Open Surfing Competition B) newest surfer in national competitions \ C) smartest maih student D) worst suder in Jaco

5) According to Vindas's own words,'she was the same day of the surfing competition.

A) leaving her town

C) taking the national math exam D) deciding to stop con-rpeting in surfing

lN3n-no. More free material online at LiveLingua Project sElEccroru 0uca

Read the article and choose the option that answers each question correcly.

ALVARO SABORIO LEADING SOCCER PLAYER

Alvar,s Saborfo Chac6n born on March 2lth, 1gB2 is a Gosta Rican:soccer player, .who currenfly plays striker for Deportivo Saprjssa of the Costa,Rican soccer league. Saborio was the leading goal-scorer of the 2003-200t4 Costa Rican season finishing the year with 25 goals, five above Whayne Wilson. H,e is also an irnportant player for the Costa Rica national soccer team at numerous levels. He represented the U- 23 team at the 2004 Olympics, scoring the qualifying goal that took them there, and subsequenfly playing 3 of 4 games for the team, scoring a goal against portugal. He has also been capped for the full national team, playing for the team during 2006 World Cup. With Saprissa, he has won a national championship and a CONCACAF Champions Cup, and was part of the team that played the 2005 FIFA Club World Championship Toyota Cup, where Saprissa finished third behind Sao Paulo Futebol Clube and Liverpool F.C. At the tournament, he scored two goals and ended up tied with 3 more players as the top scorers.

1) Whdt was Saborio's highest achievement in the season 2003-200 4? To

A) finish his contract with Deportivo Saprissa B) own the Costa Rican Soccer League C) score a total of 2lgoals D) meet Whayne Wilson

2) What teams has he played for?

A) Saprissa and the U-23 B) Liverpool F.C. and Portugal C) Olympics and Liverpool F.C. D) Sao Paulo Clube and Saprissa

2

More free material online at LiveLingua Project 3) What soccer championship did Saborio's team win? championship 'The !I A) CONCACAF B) 2004 OlymPics Cl FIFA Ctub World , D) Sao Paulo Futebol Cluber

4) what intemational toumament did he participate in? The cup A) ToYota B) Portugal C) 2}OzWorld D) National Team

5) What was Saborio's most recent achievement? To A) play against WhaYne Wilson B) finish third in the ToYota CuP C) score 2 goals in the OlYmPics D) be part of the National'Team in the World Cup

6) Where has Saborio scored rRore goals? ln

A) OlympicchamPionshiPs B) national tournaments , C) Liyerpool, England D) world cups

3

More free material online at LiveLingua Project SELECCION UNICA Read the following text

JUAN ARNOLDO CAYASSO

-x'WjJuanArnoldo.Cayasso,bornonJune24,1g61,isaCosta "'-ryf,j f nican soccer player who shone during the 1980s and 1990s. 'uffi#h Cayasso played in Qosta Rica.for two teams, starting out in L.D. g rf {. Alajuelense in the early 80's, and later switching to their arch- : rivals Saprissa before the 1988 s,eason. His transfer caused a lot of national attention, due to the fact that he was considered one of the most talented players in Costa Rica at the time. Cayasso won'several national championships, both with Saprissa and Alajuela, as well as two CONCACAF Champions Cup titles, with L.D. Alajuelense in 1986 anci with Saprissa in 1995. He also played regularly with Costa Rica's National Team, and he is usually remembered for scoring the first Costa Rican goal in a World Cup, against Scotland during the 1990 Worfd Cup. During the early 90's, Cayasso played in the German Bundesliga with Stuttgarter Kickers, and later came back to Saprissa, where he retired. Then, he coached the soccer,team in Limon,' his,hometown, in Costa Rica's second division.

Adapted from www. e n.wikiped ia. orglwikifiu a n_cayasso

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate option that completes each sentence. (ltems from 1 to 5)

1) Cayasso began playing soccer with the Alajuela Team

A) in the BOs B) befor:e 1980 C) in June,1961 D) in the early 90's

rN21-09

More free material online at LiveLingua Project 2) Juan Arnoldo Cayasso

A) played in Scotland B) played only in Costa Rica C) never won a championship D) scored a goal in a World Cup

3) After playing in,Germany, Juan Arnoldo played for

A) Saprissa _ ., B) Alajuelense C) Lim6n'S team' 'D) StuttgarterKickers

4, During the 19Sfs and 1990s, Cayasso A) became the trainer of Limonense B) was the Stuttgarter Kickers'best player , C) became the only champion of AlAjuelense' D) 'was known as one of the best nationalsoccer players n,

5) Cayasso retired when he was playing

with SaPrissa I' ' , A) : ' B) with the Bundbsliga C) in the second division D) only with the nationalteam

rN21-09 2

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Claudia Maria Poll Ahrens holds a distinct place among Costa Ricans, as the only Costa Rican to ever win an Olympic gold medal. As a short-distance swimmer, she also has won more Olympic medals than any other Costa Rican. She attained this status during the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, winning the 200-meter freestyle. Later, at the 2000 Sydney Games, she won two bronze medals. Her gold was not only the first for a Costa Rican, but for any person from Central America. Poll was born in Nicaragua on December 21, 1972 to parents who had emigrated from Germany. Her family moved to Costa Rica when she was very young after an earthquake and rising political tensions. Her family includes her older sister, Silvia, also an Olympic medal-winning swimmer. Aside from swimming, Poll graduated from university with a degree in Business Administration in 1998. She had her first child, a daughter, in 2007, just a year after setting records at the Central American and Caribbean Games.

1. Claudia Poll’s parents are from what country: a. Costa Rica b. Nicaragua c. Germany d. Spain

2. Claudia Poll won her first Olympic medal in which city: a. Sydney b. San José c. Athens d. Atlanta

3. In total, Poll has won how Olympic medals: a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 1 4. Claudia Poll represents the country she was born in, in the Olympics. True False

5. Claudia Poll is the only member of her family to swim in the Olympics. True False

6. Claudia Poll was not the first Central American to win a gold medal. True False

7. In what year did Poll give birth to her first child? ______

More free material online at LiveLingua Project During his career with the Costa Rican national soccer team, Paulo Wanchope scored 45 goals, the second most in the history of the team. He is one of the most famous soccer players in Costa Rica’s history, not just for his goals on the national team, but also for his play for professional clubs in Europe. Born Pablo César Wanchope Watson in Heredia in 1976, he was known as Paulo Wanchope as a player. Wanchope began his soccer career with CS Herediano, a soccer team playing in Costa Rica’s top league. When he was just 20 years old, he was signed to play for Derby County of the English Premier League. He played for Derby County with great success for two years and was then sold to West Ham United, where he enjoyed another two successful years, and then was sold to Manchester City. During his time at Manchester City, Wanchope suffered multiple injuries to his knee, but still scored some important goals for the team. After seven seasons in England, Wanchope played professionally in Spain, Argentina, Qatar, Costa Rica, Japan, and the United States. He was never able to play as well as he had before his knee injury though. On the international scene, Wanchope achieved his greatest success in the 2006 World Cup, when he scored two goals in a single game. He also played in the 2002 World Cup. Wanchope retired in 2007.

1. Paulo Wanchope played for all of the following teams except: a. CS Herediano b. Manchester United c. West Ham United d. Derby County

2. Wanchope’s best moment in international soccer occurred during the: a. 1998 Gold Cup b. 2002 World Cup c. 2006 World Cup d. 1998 World Cup

3. Wanchope played the majority of his career in: a. Costa Rica b. Spain c. England d. Argentina

4. Wanchope suffered injuries while playing for: a. Malaga b. West Ham United c. Manchester City d. Derby County

5. How many goals has Wanchope scored for the Costa Rican national team?______

6. The first foreign team Wanchope played for was: ______

7. How many World Cups has Paulo Wanchope played in? ______

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Hanna Gabriel Valle is a Costa Rican world champion boxer. She is the current world champion in the junior middleweight (70 kgs) category for the World Boxing Organization. She was born in 1983 and was raised in an athletic family; her father was a boxer and her brother is a professional soccer player. As a teenager, Hanna competed in track and field, but injuries forced her to stop running.

After many years without competing in any sports, Hanna’s father recommended she start boxing to stay healthy. She began competing in 2007 and won her first fight by knockout. Her career record is 11-0-1 and she has won six of her fights by knockout. She first won a world championship in 2009, but soon lost the title. After again winning the junior world championship in 2010, she has successfully defended it twice.

1. Gabriel is the world champion for what category? ______

2. Who inspired Gabriel to begin boxing? ______

3. What is the weight limit for Hanna Gabriel’s boxing category? ______

4. Gabriel has won ______fights by knockout a. 7 b. 11 c. 1 d. 6

5. What is Hanna Gabriel’s brother’s profession? a. personal trainer b. boxer c. soccer coach d. soccer player

6. When did Gabriel first become a world champion? a. 2011 b. 2007 c. 2009 d. 2010

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Bryan Ruiz González is an internationally known soccer player from Costa Rica. He currently plays for FC Twente and the Costa Rican national team. He has occasionally been the captain of the Costa Rican national team. He plays as a forward but can also play as a midfielder. In two years playing for Twente he has scored 33 goals. He has also scored nine goals for his national team.

Ruiz was born in 1985 in San José. He began playing professionally for Alajuelense, a team in Costa Rica’s top professional league, when he was 18 years old. After playing three seasons with Alajuelense, Ruiz moved to KAA Gent of the top league in Belgium. He would play two seasons there, and would be the team’s top scorer and captain during one of those seasons. He then moved to his current team, Twente. During the 2009-10 season, Ruiz was the top scorer for Twente and helped them become the champions of the top league in the Netherlands.

1. Bryan Ruiz is always the captain of the Costa Rican national team. True False

2. Which of the following teams has Ruiz not played for? a. Alajuelense b. KAA Gent c. Twente d. PSV Eindhoven

3. During which season did Ruiz lead Twente in scoring? a. 2008-09 b. 2007-08 c. 2010-2011 d. 2009-10

4. How long did Ruiz play for KAA Gent? ______

5. What position does Ruiz play? ______

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Rolando Fonseca is one of the most famous players in Costa Rican soccer history. His 47 goals for the Costa Rican national team are the most by any player in the country’s history. He has played for the national team during most of two decades and finished his international career in 2011 with 112 appearances.

Professionally, he has had a long and successful career both in his native Costa Rica and abroad. At three different times, he has played for Comunicaciones of the Guatemalan league. He played for both Saprissa and Alajuelense in Costa Rica, winning two championships with Saprissa and four with Alajuelense. Fonseca will be remembered both for his great goal scoring ability and his longevity, playing top-level soccer for more than twenty years.

1. Fonseca only played professional soccer in Costa Rica. True False

2. Fonseca won more championships with Alajuelense than with Saprissa. True False

3. Rolando Fonseca played for Comunicaciones multiple times. True False

4. How many games did Fonseca play for his nation’s team? a. 112 b. 47 c. 147 d. 201

5. Fonseca’s career could be described as: a. short and prolific b. long and average c. successful and brief d. long and successful

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More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text and choose the alternative that completes each sentence correctty.

t , MARGARITAB.ERTEI.EAU' ' ",i ONE OF CO STA RICA' S IVtrO,ST' F.f*IgE Am_ffXggg',l : Margarita Bertheatr was born in: I j . t,: San Jos6, Costa Rica in fgil'B and j j died in 1975. She stu'died artistic, i painting and:ballet in C-trba,,sp6 .is'1 ii . ,...,1i Colombia. Fler aonttib-uttlon to,the' ,1:! ballet Costa in 'Rica.: was , '. :. ., i ,,.,'a! important since; .in: adi1ition, to i

being a professor and a choreographer at the Ballet Academy, she d,es-igned, ,',i of the.board of the School of, 'i l:,i Arts of the University of Costa Rica in 1942. Her teaching of the watercotor, : :j technique and the force of her personality, manaEed to create a true school in that dispipline. For the first time in Costa Rica she was allowed to, teaeh. with nude models.'Her pictorialwoik is vast and varied. lt shows not only a,diversity'of '''l'!

subjects and techniques, but a wonderful use of color and gr-eat freedom in,,,the' outline and claroscuro. She used the watercolor technique most, but her oil t' paintings were also of great success. She made a series of rnurals',to-the,jresh ,i air of very well obtained dimensions. painted She also abstract works, althoqgh , j } I this technique was not very popular in her time. ' , ';;;'

"j.'

7) The artist Margarita Bertheau

A) had no success with oil paintinEs B) contributed to Costa Rican arts C) rnanaged only one technique D) made just a couple of murals

4

More free material online at LiveLingua Project 8) Bertheau was the first artist who could A) create a ballet academy in Colombia B) study artistic Painting in 1913 C) have a limited'Pictorialwork D) use nude models

paintings. 9) Margarita Bertheau used in her A) a varietY of subjects B) only the human figure C) just the watercolor technique D) numerous mountain landscaPes

10) Margarita Bertheau was artist(s)'in Costa Rica who painted abstract . works at her time. A) the last

C) one of the few. D) one of the manY

She held an honorable Position

A) in the Colombian Ballet AcademY B) at the Universrty of Costa Rica C) at the School of Arts in Cuba D) in the School of DisciPline

5

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text. Choose the best alternative to complete each sentence.

4 More free material online at LiveLingua Project tF*

6) One of Sarchils greatesttourist attractions is its

A) unusual tour buses B) multicolored churcfr C) handmade factories D) delighttul light btue square

.;'

7l The of:. the chureh are relatd to those of &e orcar'ts. A) size and,shape B) indoor decor:ations C) olors ad designs D) numerous fumishirgs

8) Many touris$'mm6 to $archi

A) to buy handmade fumiture B) to sell handmade crafts C) in delighttul blue colors D) on a traditional oxcart

9) The have turned into Sarchi's most significant art crafl

A) church fumiture factories B) small square villages C) olors of the church D) handmade oxcarts

ri More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text below.

ART GALLERY IN COSTA RICA

: ; To find a small, quaint art,galtery in Costa Rica, one 'Especiafly ' must be willing to search. now that rainy r days seem like they are here to stay, leaving the i comfortscornforts of home to go in search of good art can be a uA {i challenge. But imagine the possibility of viewing and \l ! purctrasing high-quality contemporary art and design

online gatlery, Sylvia Rodriguez, director of The Fine Arts Cellar, has bridged a gap between CentralAmerican artists and art enthusiasts around the world. The Fine Arts Cellar has two different f,acets: the physical gallery in the eastern San Jos6 suburb of San Pedro and the on-line gallery,at ww-w.lneaftcellar.com The small gallery spice is like a hidden treasure. During a visit last month, large paintings by Costa Rican artist Marianela Salgado filled the space with an exhibit entitled "Unnumbered Series". The paintings were largg, textured, colorful and full of

hidden images and symbols, Her art is unique !n the sense that the more you look at

it, the more subtleties you encounter. tF

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate option to complete each sentence. (ltems from 6 to 10)

6) A web site an online virtual gallery to feature various artists.

A) offers B) needs C) closes D) prepares

lN21-09 3

More free material online at LiveLingua Project ,!

7) ln Costa Rica it is to buy pieces of art through the lnternet.

B) :possible ,

;;::. C) ''impnobable::' ' \,

,,.,-1 ,D), 'a disad,teritage :

'l

'i... : I F. .,, l; ii:,:' : r l: r 8) Sylvia Rodriguez the Fine Arts Cellar' : :j A) owns , B),' manages ;i: .,i ,:; . i ' : : G),- 6ssitned ', ., t ., ' ' 'o) exhibited in .

: : : '-' : l - l: ' i : :' ' '' 9) . , Marianeta Salgado's works of ariare

j

. .1',,,A) . Purcllased.fast , B) lacking texture C) full of symbols , ' ' ' D) without color

10) The Fine Arts Cellar in San Pedro. A) will rent a gallery B) bought paintings C) searches places D) has its location

lN21-O9 4

More free material online at LiveLingua Project ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Homework Readings Art and Music

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the article and choose the alternative that best answers each question.

TICO TRUMPETER IN INTERNATIONAL GOMPETITION

A Costa Rica, trurnpeter is one of five semi- finalists invited to compete in Ellsworth Smith lnternational Solo Trumpet Competition in Birmingham, Alabama. Luis Miguel Araya, from Alajuela, stands to win a first-place prize of $10,000 or a second-place prize of $5,500 in an event With notable trumpeters from around the world. Araya is one of Costa Rica's most distinguished {,', players of classical and Latin music for the trumpet. He has played in ensembte and solo before audiences in Venezuela, sweden, Japan, puerto Rico and the United states. He started his musical training at the conservat"ri" c"r;;, ;;;; the University of Costa Rica, then earned a Master of Music from Loyola University in New Orleans. Presently, he is Second Trumpet w1h the Costa Rican National Symphonic Orchestra and teaches at the National lnstitute of Music. Luis Miguet Araya was invited to compete after submitting an unedited recording of his music for evaluation, and will stand oft four other musicians, two from the "grinrt United States, one from Canada and the fourth from {J, Hungary. This event is held every four years and is sponsored by the lnternational rrumpet Guird and the columbus Foundation of ohio.

n Where will the trumpet competition be?

A) ln Alajuela B) ln Alabama C) ln Costa Rica

il D) Around the world :x H 4 ,* $ tg's rlH More free material online at LiveLingua Project# 8) Where has Araya played the trumpet? ln

A) JaPan and Canada ' B) Venezuela and Paris C) Hungary and Sweden D) Puerto Rico and JaPan

9) What will the Prizes consist of?

A) Classical and Latin music ': B) AtriP around the world C) Large sums of moneY D) Notable trumpets

I 10) when do the organizers develop this intemational competition?

A) Every four Years B) After receiving a Prizeof $5,000 I C) Before audiences play in Venezueta D) Before submitting unedited recordings

present? He plays 11) What does Luis Miguel Araya do in the

A) with the Columbus Foundation B) the fourth trumPet in Hungary C) with a sYmPhonic orchestra D) in New Orleans

5

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text below.

PRE.COLUMBIAN GOLD COLLECTION

Museum offers tourist inforrnation, gruided tours for groupS, and, a gift lop: Here, visitorsrcan find a variety of works by Costa Rican artisand: books, publications- and replicas of the: gold pieces with profound symbolic content and expressions of the mythological thought of indigenous groups. Representations of varied fauna and , humans with animal attributes demonstrate thei 'blending' of real and mythological worlds. According to indigenous belief, what"was interestind waq n-oi the anirnaf itself but its essential qualities. Costa Rican gold$miths primari!;{ depicted birds, toads, and frogs in their designs, both as individual figures and as forming paf of human figures' the ornaments that accompanied warriors and in special Without a doubt, .priests activities, such as wars, were a fundamental part of their personalities, representing guidance, protection and defense for their communities.

Based on the te.xt above, choose the appropriate optiorl to complete each'sentence- (ltems from 6 to 10)

6) ln the museum, there is an exhibit of three different collections. A) cerdmics, urban design, and indigenous figures B) mythology,"goldsmiths, and human figur.es C) ornaments, warriors, and protection D) gold, ceramics, and fine arts

3 tN11-09N .t More free material online at LiveLingua Project 7) , lf one of the gold pieces in the exhibit catches your interbst, you can ,' A) look for a duplicate in,the gift shop B) show the figure of animal attributes : C-) repr:oducb an object in the gift shop 'D) demonStrate their mythological world ii"l

{

8) lndigenousipeopleblended to join:mythology and the

\ --.-.:real world, -.--'- I . l

A) Qirds; joads and frogs - B) fauna'ahd mylhology C) animals and',humans D) lndians and humans

9) The exhibitio4 of this collection is sponsored by

A) indigenous groups B) Plaza de la Cultura C) Pre-Columbian artisans D) the Central Bank of Costa Rica '.

10) Besides the exhibitions,'the museum has other sections like

A) a gift shop B) an additional bank Cj a room for priests and personalities D) the war protection and defense community

rN11-09N. More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text. Choose the correct option to answer each question (7, 8, 9, 10 and.11).

NATIONAL SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA VISITING JAPAN

The National Symphony Orchestra has had a great experience in Japan for a week. This Symphony Orchestra gave four concerts that featured works of Costa Rican composers such as Benjamin Guti6rrez and Eddie Mora. Preceding the shows in that country, the National Symphony Orchestra offered a couple of concerts to inaugurate a Music Hall in France. Accompanying the orchestra were the renowned pianist Jacques Sagot and soprano lvette Rojas. ConcertS culminated in a performance at Kobe lnternational House, on September 12, after a series of presentations in several Japanese cities including: Kanazawa, Fukui, and Aichi. The visit was sponsored by the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports, several Costa Rican companies, as wetl as by the Japanese government.

7) How many performances did the National Symphony Orchestra offer in the inauguration of the Music Hall in France?

A) Just two B) Almost four C) Around twelve D) More than three

l'I .1: ,.::: :!- +).:l tN11-08 3 t::;t,.4:.} ,*i# More free material online at LiveLingua Project 8) why did the National symphony orchestra go to Franee? To participate in the launch of

A) Eddie Mora's work B) drawing exhibitions C) a musical auditorium D) a nationat muiicat festival

9) What do Benjamin Guti6nez and Eddie Mora do? They

A) are music writers B) are piano performers .f C) accompany the group D) rnanage the orchestra

10) According to the writer, where did the National Symphony Orchestra perform the last concert? ln the

A) Music Hall B) Japanese park C) Kanazawa companies D) lnternational House in Kobe

11) Based on the reading, how ,. C was the National Symphony Orchestra's experience? A) Outstanding B) Not very nice C) A litfle fantastic D) Not really great

tN11-08 4 More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text. Choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence.

THE NATIONAL THEATER

The world-renowned prima Donna, Adelina I appeared with a traveling opera company Guatemala, but could not perform in Costa Rica because there was no appropriate theater. ln response, newly rich coffee'merchants financed the construction of a theater with a tax on every bag of coffee exported from the country. Belgian architects were called in to design and supervise the building, and the metal structure was ordered from Belgian mills. Painters and decorators were brought from ltaly, along with that country's famous marble. The National Theater was inaugurated in 1894 with $unod's Faust and an"opening-night cast that included singers from the Paris Opera. A source of cultural pride, the theater was made into a national monument in 1965. Extensive restoration work has recently renewed its beautiful ceiling paintings and sumptuous d6cor. Costa Rica's National Youth Symphony Orchestra was inaugurated in 1972 by ex- President Figuere's famous quote: "We need to concern ourselves not only with the standard of living but the quality of life as wetl. Why have tractors without violins?" Many of the young musicians trained in the Youth Symphony have graduated to participate in the National Symphony, which pe.rformed in the National Theater. lnternationally famous guest directors and soloists were often featured.

7) The National Theater was built because

A) architects from Belgium donated it' B) President Figueres said it was important C) a famous singer had nowhere to perform D) Costa Ricans wanted to see a Paris Opera

\ tN11-0712 3

More free material online at LiveLingua Project 8) According to the *ritert could perform atthe National :: Theater

A) Everyone B) Only well known artists .!::,. i: C) Newly rieF,rcof_@$r.orruers D) Just paint+r*:aRddbebetors

1,,:j

9) :erchiGct$,,ftora, 5 $upervised the-building of the National Theater. A) ltaly B) France C) Belgium D) Costa Rica

10) ' Materials used to build'the.National Theater were brought from

- A) ltaly and France B) Belgium and ltaly C) France and Belgium D) ltaly, Belgiurn, and France

11) According to the text, paid for the building of the National Theater.

A) tax on coffee B) Belgian architects C) presider{t Figueres' D) the National Symphony

tN11-0712 4

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More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the a(icle and choose the alternative that best answers each question.

I{E CARIBBEAN CU

The caribbean cuisine is very well recognized, in Lim6n and all over the country due to the mastery in the preparation of delicious dishes. Making use of rich condiments and ingredients characteristic of the African legacy, they are combined with the flavors of different regions that, like their people, obtain an exquisite mix. The traditions have L""n transmitted from one generation to another one, and stiil the youngest generations know and maintain the traditional and authentic flavor of their meals.

To travel to Lim6n and not taste its delights is like not going at all. ln order to try the true Lim6n ,lrond6n,,, ,,rice taste you must have a and beans", "pati", and the "agua de sapo", a refreshment prepared with lemon juice, molasses (a dark brown syrup produced during the refining of sugar), ginger roots and something erse... famiry secret, ."rn* ,r, we don't have to recommend a restaurant to try the Lim6n derights, at any small "soda" (cafeteria) you can have a great fish with caribbean sauces, patties and sweet homemade desserts. The locals in every town are the best gastronomic guides and they can recommend the best places and foods to order.

6

More free material online at LiveLingua Project \ HowhasthemixofdifferentlegaciescontributedtoCaribbeancuisine? It has Provided flavors A) many condiments and B) a very limited legacY c) a few ingredients D) no traditions

13) What cultureshavecontributedtotheCaribbeancuisine?

A) OnlY the African B) OnlY the new generation C) Those from Africa and other regions D)Cultureswithoutauthenticflavorsintheirmeals

14)WhatcharacteristicsdefinetheCaribbeancuisine? A) Poor preparation with lack of traditions B) Non-authentic flavors and few condiments C) Diverse ingredients and proper preparation D) The absence of African and regional legacy

15) which traditional recipe has a "secret ingredient"? A) Rice and beans B) Agua de saPo C) Rond6n D) Patti

7

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text below.

Every culture has used the flesh and milk of the coconut in its own way. "Not shy" is one 'way to describe the coconut milk presence in many Caribbean stews and dishes. For example, the famous "rondon" or "rundown", , a traditional Afro-Caribbean dish from the Caribbean province of Limon, is usually made for a large group. "Rondon" is a seafood stew featuring local tubers such as "yucca'r (cassava or manioc) and "camote" (a type bf Caribbean sweet potato). The stew is gently simmered and'exquisitely spiced with I e' .-$'- "cinnamon, allspice, ginger, coffee and hot chilies. The Caribbean version of curry, i(n "rond6n" is a must when visiting Puerto Viejo and Cahuita. Another exarn;ie of the coconut's use is rice and beans, Limon's delicious "gallo pinto", made with, refreshing coconut milk, diff€rent spices and,peppers, regularly accompanying baked chicken with coconut glqvi: ln other parts of Costa Rica, the

coconut is r*- ed . r sweets and desserts. Look for classic "cocadas" or delicious "tartaras" which are baked in pastry of coconut and molasses.

' Based on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to answer each question. (ltems from 11 to 15)

11) What ingredient do l'rondon" and rice and beans have in common?

A) Cassava B) Coconut C) Sweet potato D) Baked chicken

tN21-09 5

More free material online at LiveLingua Project A) Two ' B) Five

',',E)'J,fq1gg ': ': I

people flavsr':t'd nrake, rice:4rd beans? ,13) ''Should use : I ; ,, '' ' A). " Yes', they'shou'ld use flavors.

D) No, people do not need any flavors at all.

!rpnd6n'made ,14) ,What is of? lt is prepared with

I A), ,,fiCe,and fleSh fish ,,,. ' " , ,

C) refilled hot peppers D) chicken full of curry

15) Which one of the dishes has Afiican roots? A) "Tdrtaras"

B) "Cocadas" . . "Rundoffi" C) : D) "Gallo pinto" ''

rN21-oE 6 ':

More free material online at LiveLingua Project below, choose the appropriate 3,n:1:* l?:"t?f oprion to comprete each staterns;.11.

-t 11) "Chayotes" are The Pear-Shaped Fruit I they I are futty mJtureC I I ln the southern I A) sweet I . United States, B) smooth C) fteshy "chayotes" are and spiny D) crunchy and pale known as mirliton or christophene. 12) ln the United 1-hey appear States, christophenes in a usually substitute number recipes of complernenting and substituting A) squash squash iri Creoie and Cajun cooking. B) potatoes C) cassavas The pear-shapecl fi.uit is pale or dark D) sweet potatoes green, and pecple eat it as young and tender 4O-tlay_ol,j baby fruits (which are ' 13) A tender ,,cha1rote,, crunchy, slveet ancl fast lo cook) or as larger, A) cooks rapidly fuily rnature, gO_day_old, fist_sized B) is more watery fruit, mCIre v.va,tery,,, usually thorny and with tough C) has hard dark skin skin, vueighirrg up to 500 grams D) weighs up to 500 grarns each CIr ffore. -i-hir ,,chayote,, root is a tuber delicacy thal can replace root 14) A characteristic ,,chayote,, of the .---J - is that vegetables *clrclr it as potatoes, cassavas or sWeel potatuei. A) has a sour flavor T-he "cha_vi:te's,. so_called bland flavor B) replaces root vegeta b les allovr-s it to receive a certain amount of C) changes flavor without seasoninq a ggressivc sea-soning D) keeps its iviihout losing any own quality even if spiced of its character. -l-his, along with its unique shape aniJ versaiility, adds 15) The price of a mirliton is considered style and very e\otic flavor to dishes from all over the r1rr:rld. lts A) inexpensive relatively low cost is an added bQnu-*. B) unaffordable C) inconvenient Adapted from the lnternet D) unreasonable rN3 -l -o9T

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Empanadas Throughout Costa Rica, small restaurants and stands can be found selling empanadas. These small stuffed pastries, (like a turnover) which are baked or fried, are an incredibly popular dish in Costa Rica. In general, the most popular empanadas in Costa Rica are made with corn dough and filled with cheese, or cheese with seasoned meats. Somewhat unique to Costa Rica are empanadas filled with cubed potatoes or with rice and beans. Sweet empanadas are made with wheat flour and in Costa Rica are normally filled with pineapple, guava, or squash jelly or dulce de leche (a caramel like sauce). Empanadas trace their roots from the Spanish word empanar, which means to coat in bread. They trace their roots to Northeastern Spain and Portugal during medieval times. These original empanadas were usually filled with seafood and vegetables. It is thought that they were inspired by samosas brought by the Arabs, when they ruled the Iberian Peninsula. Brought to Latin America by Spanish colonists, they are now a mainstay throughout Costa Rica.

1. Sweet empanadas are often filled with ______

2. Empanadas come from ______a. France and Italy b. Portugal and Spain c. Mexico d. Spain and Italy

3. Empanadas are a type of ______a. cake b. pastry c. pasta d. cookie

4. In Costa Rica, empanadas are filled with meat and cheese. True False

5. It is believed that samosas were brought by the Persians to Spain. True False

6. The only way to prepare empanadas is to bake them. True False

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Popular throughout the coastal regions throughout the Americas, ceviche is a seafood dish made with raw fish. Ceviche is made by marinating raw fish in citrus juices (like lemon or lime). Chili peppers, onion, salt, and pepper are put into the citrus juice to add flavor. Ceviche is almost always prepared fresh, and traditionally it took about three hours to marinate completely, but now there are faster ways to prepare it. Various types of fish or other seafood are used depending on the region, and different regions eat ceviche with different side dishes as well. It is thought that ceviche was first made in Peru in the 16th century, as the local foods and foods brought over by the Spanish colonists were combined. Because Peru was one of the major centers of the Spanish American colonies, the dish spread quickly throughout the region. Ceviche only recently gained popularity in the United States, even though it had been eaten for centuries throughout the rest of the Americas.

1. Ceviche is served the same way throughout Latin America. True False 2. It is thought that ceviche was first made in Spain. True False 3. Ceviche has been popular in the United States for a long time. True False 4. The fish used in ceviche is usually cooked first. True False 5. Ceviche is popular in what type of regions? a. mountainous b. rural c. hilly d. coastal 6. Ceviche used to take how long to make? a. 2 hours b. 4 hours c. 3 hours d. 30 minutes 7. What fruit is used to make ceviche? a. apple b. pineapple c. lime d. grape

More free material online at LiveLingua Project ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Homework Readings Costa Rican Food

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More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text and choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

14) La Casa de Dofia Lela is a DO YOU WANT TO ENJOY EATING OUTSIDE? A) vegetarian restaurant "La Casa de Doffa Lela" offers You B) sea food restaurant in its four the most varied typical food C) typical restaurant locatipns around San Jos6. Main courses are served on wooden D) fruit market platters covered with banana leaves. Troops of waiters serve portions of food of all shapes and sizes to large family gatherings, most consisting of three generations. High chairs are 15) Banana leaves are used to provided for the tots, and a sPecial kiddies' menu is available and served with a variety of trimmings. However, A) serve alcohol there is no seafood on the menu. All B) cover plafters rice, refried main courses come with C) serye seafood beans, tortillas, fried sweet plantain, picadillo (diced potatoes or D) provide the tots vegetables, or a mixture of both). The restaurant is not licensed to serve alcohol (beers, wine, rums, etc.), but offers a selection of non-alcoholic beverages such as: horchata, fresh 16) The menu of this restaurant fruit drinks, agua dulce, etc.

A) includes seafood B) includes vegetables C) doesn't include drinks D) doesn't include food for kids

17) At Dofia Lela's restaurant, it is not allowed to sell

A) alcohol B) picadillos C) agua dulce D) refried beans

7

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text. Choose the correct alternative to complete each sentence (19 and 20).

COMPARING EATING HABIT$

The main difference between Chinese and western eating habit is that unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. lf you are being treated by a Chinese host be prepared for a wide variety of dishes. Chinese are very proud of their culture of ,cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. Sometimes the Chinese host uses their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate; this is a sign of politeness. The appropriate thing to do would be to eat it and say how yummy it is. lf you feel uncomfortable with this, you can just say a polite thank you and leave the food there. Don't stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. lnstead, lay them on your dish. The reason for this is that when somebody dies, the shrine to them contains a bowl of sand or rice with two sticks of incense stuck upright in it. So if you stick your chopsticks in the rice bowl, it looks like this shrine and is equivalent to wishing death upon a person at the table!

19) Chinese people

A) are very proud of their, gastronomic culture g) Oistite to have a variety of food on the table C) have problems showing the use of their utensils 1) like to put the chopsticks upright in the rice bowls

20) According to the writer, a sign of Chinese hosts' politeness is when they

A") ask guests to sit down B) serve guests their beverages keep an enjoyable conversation with their guests 0 put food in the guest'bowl s) with their own chopstick

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More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the recipe. Choose the appropriate option that completes each staternent. (rtems from 16 to 19)

16) To make the recrpe you need the amount of Rice and Beans: rice than the amount of beans. Caribbean Gallo Pinto A) half To make this recipe, you need: B) triple 1 lb rice C) double lz lb beans (red or black eye) D) one tiiird 1 garlic cloVe and a dash of thyme 1 large cocbnut or 1 bag of shredded coconut 17) To cook the beerns, __ the pot. Preparation: A) add rice tr: Blend the coconut flesh (not the B) add coconut rnilk to coconut milk) with two cups of warm C) mix ali of thr: iisteci ingredients ir water. D) porir the water anci coconut initturu,r itr Cook the beans with the previous mixture, one garlic clove and a dash of

thyme, in a large pot. lf necessary, add 1B) For tastier "F?.ic{: eer:,J P'eans," you water. Cook until beans are tender ' should coclk tlie rrce (one hour approximately). When beans A) in the oven are done, add rice, mix, and cook until B) for an hour rice is done. lt is better if rice is cooked C) with chicken in the oven because the dish gets more D) in a large pct delicious.

Note: Traditionally, red beans are used 1e) The dish is ready to enjoY when to serve this dish with chicken and black beans to serve it with fish. A) ycu edd spices;

Taken from "Costa Rican TvpicalFoods" B) the rice is cocii*.j C) the beans 4..* i*::ncie:r D) you put it in the oven

rN31-097 More free material online at LiveLingua Project , Read the information. Choose the best alternative to complete each sentence.

ROMPOPE: A TRADITIONAL HOLIDAY TREAT

l-lere's an easy recipe for rompope (eggnog), a

traditional holiday beverage in Costa Rica. a Ltl The recipe produces five liters and takes thirty e# minutes to prepare *F

15) You need to lngredients: make rompope. 3 cans evaporated milk (400 g) A) honey 2 cans sweetened condensed milk (397 g) B) six eggs sugarcane 5 cups water C) D) two types of milk 7 eggs

lzlsp. nutmeg 16) To make eggnog you need more *:"?::: I,T rum than Directions: Beat the evaporated milk, A) water B) nutmeg condensed milk, water and eggs for 5 C) condensed milk minutes. Heat on low heat for 20 minutes, D) evaporated milk

stirring constantly, without letting the

mixture boil. Add nutmeg and remove from 17) Nutmeg is added

heat. Cool, and then add rum. Refrigerate A) after refrigerating B) during beating time until served. C) when the mixture boils By Sonia Cordero, Tico Times D) before removing from heat

lN11-0712 6

More free material online at LiveLingua Project l option that compretes each statement accordir Read the recipe and choose.the appropriate to it. lttems from 16 and 17)

How to Make Brownies

. To make this reciPe, You need

r Yz teas:Poon-chocolate baking Porrude lz cuf Powder 1 YzteasPoons'vanilla "/n cuP margarine % teasPoon salt 1 /r. cuPs sugar Preparation sugar, vanilla and.eggs' % cuP flour Mi*'*"tg"rine, chocolaie, baking powder, and 3 eggs AJo nori, salt. Mix again to combine all-tt1e ingredients' Put mixture into a baking Pah' Bake in hot oven for over 40-45 minutes'

They are great with coffee or chocolate!

you have to :16) ln the fourth step of the preparation' A) pour the mixture into a recipient B) Place'the mixture in an oven C) bake the mixture into a Pan D) mix onlY liquid ingredients

'17\ ln the fifth steP' You

A) mix chocolate again ts) bake the mixture C) add the eggs D) add salt

tttt t-Ogft More free material online at LiveLingua Project ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Homework Readings Food Recipes

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More free material online at LiveLingua Project Apple Pie Recipe Preparation Time: 20 minutes Cook Time: 50 minutes Ready In: 1 hour 10 minutes Serves: 8

Ingredients

• 1/2 cup sugar • 1/2 cup packed brown sugar • 3 tablespoons all-purpose flour • 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon • 1/4 teaspoon ground ginger • 1/4 teaspoon ground nutmeg • 7 cups thinly sliced peeled apples • 1 tablespoon lemon juice • 1 pastry for double-crust pie (9 inches) • 1 tablespoon butter • 1 egg white • 1 tablespoon additional sugar

Directions In a small bowl, combine sugar, flour and spices; set aside. In a large bowl, toss apples with lemon juice. Add sugar/spice mixture; toss well to coat the apples. Line a 9-inch pie pan with half the pastry. Place apple filling into crust; dot with butter. Roll out remaining pastry to fit top of pie. Cut a few slits in pastry on top. Beat egg white until foamy; brush over pastry. Sprinkle sugar on top. Bake at 375 degrees Fahrenheit for 35 minutes. Increase temperature to 400 degrees Fahrenheit and bake 10-15 minutes more or until crust is golden.

1. The recipe does not need which of the following spices: a. nutmeg b. ginger c. garlic d. cinnamon

2. The time needed to cook this apple pie is: a. 20 minutes b. 50 minutes c. 1 hour 10 minutes d. 35 minutes

3. To make the pie, the apples should be tossed with: a. egg white b. pastry c. lemon juice

More free material online at LiveLingua Project d. butter

4. How much all purpose flour is required: a. two tablespoons b. one cup c. two teaspoons d. three tablespoons

5. To begin, the pie should be baked at what temperature: a. 50 degrees Fahrenheit b. 375 degrees Fahrenheit c. 400 degrees Fahrenheit d. 400 degrees Celsius

6. This pie is made for how many people? ______

7. The apples used in this pie should be: ______

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Potato Salad Recipe Preparation time: 15 minutes Cook time: 15 minutes Serves: 6-8 people Ingredients: 2 pounds red-skinned potatoes, scrubbed and cut into ! inch cubes 3 hard-boiled eggs, peeled and chopped ! cup diced celery 1 medium diced cucumber " cup finely chopped red onion #-1 cup mayonnaise 2-3 tablespoons dill relish or pickle relish 1 tablespoon spicy brown mustard salt and pepper, to taste Preparation: Cook potatoes in boiling water (with 1 teaspoon of salt) for about 10 to 15 minutes, or until they are soft and tender. Drain the water and let the potatoes cool completely. Then, combine potatoes, eggs, celery, cucumber, and onion in a large bowl. Stir in # cup mayonnaise, relish, and mustard. Add more mayonnaise, as needed, to taste. Add salt and pepper, to taste.

1. What ingredient needs to be cooked? a. potato b. celery c. onion d. cucumber 2. The onion should be: a. diced b. peeled c. finely chopped d. scrubbed

3. How much mustard is needed? a. 1 teaspoon b. 1 tablespoon c. 2-3 tablespoons d. " cup 4. Which two ingredients need to be prepared the same way? a. mayonnaise & cucumber b. cucumber & onion c. celery & cucumber d. eggs & mustard

5. What type of potatoes should be used for this salad? ______

6. This recipe is for how many people? ______

7. How can the cook tell if the potatoes are ready? ______

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Chocolate Chip Cookies Chocolate chip cookies are a popular American dessert, and probably the most popular type of cookie in the United States. They were discovered by accident in a hotel kitchen in the northeast U.S. during the 1930s, and spread in popularity during World War II. The original recipe was first published in 1936.

Chocolate Chip Cookie Recipe Preparation Time: 20 minutes Cook Time: 10 minutes Ready In: 30 minutes Makes: 45-50 cookies Ingredients 1 cup butter, softened 1 cup white sugar 1 cup packed brown sugar 2 eggs 2 teaspoons vanilla extract 3 cups all-purpose flour 1 teaspoon baking soda 2 teaspoons hot water ! teaspoon salt 2 cups semi-sweet chocolate chips 1 cup chopped walnuts Directions Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Then mix together the butter, white sugar, and brown sugar until smooth. Beat in the eggs one at a time, then stir in the vanilla. Dissolve baking soda in hot water. Add to the batter along with salt. Stir in flour, chocolate chips, and nuts. Drop large spoonfuls onto an ungreased pan. Bake for about 10 minutes in the preheated oven, or until the edges are nicely browned.

1. When was the first chocolate chip cookie recipe published? ______2. How many eggs are required for the recipe? ______3. What must be done with the vanilla? a. stir b. beat c. dissolve d. mix

4. What should the pan used to bake the cookies be like? a. preheated b. ungreased c. greased d. waxed

More free material online at LiveLingua Project 5. How can the cook tell when the cookies are ready? a. after they rise b. when the edges are browned c. when the chocolate has melted d. after dissolving

6. How much time must the cook spend preparing the cookies? a. 10 minutes b. 20 minutes c. 30 minutes d. 45-50 minutes

More free material online at LiveLingua Project

Guacamole Recipe Preparation Time: 10 minutes Ready In: 10 minutes Serves: 4-6 people

Ingredients 3 avocados - peeled, pitted, and mashed 1 lime, juiced 1 teaspoon salt ! cup diced onion 3 tablespoons chopped fresh cilantro 2 tomatoes, diced 1 teaspoon minced garlic 1 pinch ground cayenne pepper (optional) Directions In a medium bowl, mash together the avocados, lime juice, and salt. Mix in the onion, cilantro, tomatoes, and garlic. Stir in cayenne pepper. Refrigerate 1 hour for best flavor, or serve immediately.

1. How should the guacamole be served? a. frozen b. cool c. boiled d. diced

2. The onions and tomatoes should be mixed in with which other ingredients? a. avocados and cayenne pepper b. cayenne pepper c. lime juice d. cilantro and garlic

3. What needs to be done to the avocados before they can be used for guacamole? a. washed and pitted b. diced and minced c. juiced and mashed d. peeled and pitted

4. The cilantro needs to be aged before using it for guacamole. True False

5. The onions and tomatoes are prepared the same way. True False

6. Guacamole can be eaten refrigerated or at room temperature. True False

7. The skin is left on the avocados in order to make guacamole. True False

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More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text below.

r:!--fr. r r'T .. ran. r i.m I.r i ry -*.:i *i.*!'r f./ - \ ii RUDE MANNERS AT THE TABLE

Tryingto:summarize some ryOe actions att!_g..tgblq, we --''"*-,-r'* : : will mentionlhi following tidt fi is rude t ,

chew with your: mouth open. make noise when chewing. sip sgup and hot noisity, fiOuidi piokup up the plate and eat.

break bread'in little,pieces, make pelletsl and.play r,vith.,them. ,' , , introduce the whole spoon in your mouth or touch your teeth with it. use bread to,take the,food'using bread, instead of using,'the fork or rpoln Pick2 your gums, extracting particles of food from your teeth with the tongue. !

I 'l ' pellefs; small round piece. -2 to pick: to remove a small piece or pieces of fotod from the gums t \ f

Based on the list above, choose the appropriate alternative ts eomplete each sentence. (ltems from 20 to 23)

2q People should never

A) eal hot soup B) use a fork to eat C) have bread wiih meals ,) .. D), lift the plate to eat from it

21, At the table, it is impotite to uA) use bread to take the food .B) hold food with the fork C) eat food with utensils D) have a spoonto eat

lN41-10

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tN41;10 a

More free material online at LiveLingua Project '- Read,ttie,,tex,t,below, t'':1,, ,l': " '

'j ;"'i *,&t{

. : .: : Based on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to complete eaeh sentence. (ltems from 20 to 23)

20) ' The head waiter usually

: , A) checks that the silverware is properly placed B) haS.a close contact with the customers gives the nqpkins to'the ,C) Customers : D): eais with th€ custbmers ' , r .' j l

21) lt is inferred from the text that aecording : to the type of food ordered.

A) salt qnd p€pperlare used rB) two types:. of soda are $erved Cl the kind of water is'irnportant D) there is usually a specific type of wine

rN11-09

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22j with'the.,food.

- t.l .. ,.,,,i:,A), '..€itheiwh.:ite,or,t€d# e : :..1r:;. ,:, B) any kind of drink :C) all types of wine . :" 1, D) r,,:SOftrUfihli$':. . ;1,.,,'

.,:.i',8)'.';.pr:efc,i:redwine. . r''. C) ' choose the drinlqthey want ,,,'' D]'.'', choeisgfiihtas'*gffin:'dish

:ll,,,t,ttiOgli 10

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text below.

TABLE MANNERS FOR A FAilIIILY MEAL

Table manners have changed over the years, but.some stay here to irnprove our politeness.

The following are common sense etiquette rules to be followed by the guestq.

* Wait for others to start eating. Many families will pray first. !n a family-style meal, food is passed to the right. * Try a,little of everything - do not take.a lot o{ anything. * lf you do not want something, just pass it on. You do nol need to sby an$hing. " Keep the table and tablecloth as clean as possible. Put bones, or anything that is not eaten on your plate. * Avoid burpingt and sturpingf because they are considered

rnappropnate. : * Meals are to be slow and pleasant. Enjoy your food and take part in the eonversation. Try to keep others' pace while eating. * When you finish eating; thank the hosts for the meal. * Wait for all to finish eating before leaving the table.

.,'Burp: To mnke a noise with the mouth when air rises frorn the stomach and rs forced out. 'Slurp: To drink a tiquid noisily.

Based on the text absve, choose the best alternative to complete each sentence. (ltems from 20 to 23)

20) lt is polite to during a family meal.

A) burp at the table B) talk during the meal C) finish your food fast li: lri . put l:t D) bones on the table ri ii li IJ iil " lN21-09 lr'i :: i!. More free material online at LiveLingua Project 'C .1' : 21\,lt, ii'Considered:l'ude,to , l:

.. . €dsbn.fourplaie , ,,,' | . :r':::i-"-pul: r, .: :f i- i . :: -r' BJ ysg'5,time to",eEgV,,fp ' !4[Q ;,,,., ..;,.;,,.. ..,,,jr . r : : ,.,C), wai!,,fCIi Others ts start ea,ting .: :

,,, D.)i while e-ating or:drinking'., 1 :: ,,.make.noises ... .r' . , r : .l

' -: . i, .,,,A);,,.finish,eating first ,,, '.,';:.1-,,r ,

, ' 'g,L' ,rr. n'ot .talkjat all durlng,ttre rneai " ,,, ,,. ' ' ' ' C) pass the food dishes to the right .r D):,' sju!ho, thaiikso,at{d r€turh'whd${dodt like

: : . , .:, l 23) T,he guests should ... ', A),, PfaY, :,,, ' , -t , :..::.'::r' ii B).1 stoP tatking ,, ' : ':'1: C) leave the table D1,,,..rrn"onthe host or hostess for tle'feast

1N21{g,l {n

More free material online at LiveLingua Project ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Homework Readings Table Manners

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text and choose the correct alternative to complete each sentence (19 and 20).

GOOD MANNERS THROUGH THE AGES . . Setting the table properly d,oesn,t have any value if it I is not accompanied by gooci manners while eating. lt is common to hear parents tell their chitdren: Take your elbows off the, tablelo or "Don't talk with rfo-od in you r mouth !' Belilvg, it.'or noi,, the,se tabJe, rules.-have

put it to your nose!" And what table,rules were common in the 1970s?' The etiquette : speiialist Emily Post cites a couple of the most popular, "Eat silently,'not noisilyll'

and "Teach all children to eat r:ight handed,, evgn if they are lefties!" ln the 1990s; : table rules are.arlittle more direct, Muw Mitchell, alias Ms, Demeansr, 'reports that one of her favori{es is "The only proper place for spitting is at the dentist."

19) Even today, parents teach their children that IS impolite.

A) not smelling the food - B) talking before you eat C) avoiding greasing their fingers D) placing their elbows on the table ./

2q ln the 90ts, experts included a rule against

A) Mary Mitchell B) the habit of qpitting ."r'' t I C) right handed people D) sitting at the proper piace

rN11-08 o

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the article apd choose the alternatives that complete the sentences conectly. I

SETTING THE TABLE 22) For formal dinners, experts suggest covering the table with

A) a pastel B) a white pastel C) ads about elegance D) a soft cslored tablecloth

23) Two good options for a centerpiece are

A) strong scents and guests B) naturalflowers and fruits C) colored tablecloths For a formal dinner, experts recommend foods with aroma using a white or Pastel-colored D) tablecloth to cover the table because it instantly adds a touch of elegance to the gathering. Also a must is an arrangement ar centerpieee, which ean consist of naturai flowers, a candelabra if after 5:00 p.m. - or fruits and vegetables for the more imaginative. "You have to be very careful if You 24) The scent of some can choose a floral araRgement beeause disturb the visitors. some have strong scents which, besides bothering the guests, can A) celebrations interfere with ihe aroma of the food that B) candelabra will be served." Raventss de Pubillones flowers suggests "centerpieces should coincide C) with the celebratioR or event that will D) guests take place."

o

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More free material online at LiveLingua Project Fead the text below. Choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence.: (lten. frclm 20 to 23)

20) The foods that require two utensils when eating them are

A) oysters and bread B) meat and butter C) bread and fish fish and meat Table Manners When Eating out D)

It is very important to know and practice some table manners while tasting some 211 Generally, the fork used for eating the {orl food when eating out. Here we have meat is used for eating'fish. some tips that might be really useful: A) longer than Oysters, as appetizer: B) as large as Use the small fork angled into the C) as short as soupspoon at the right. This is the one shorter than exception to the rule of placing forks to Di the left of the plate. 22) When eating out, Fish: is the only mealthat f*quires no Use both a fork and a knifp for fish. The utensiis to put it into'fhe rnoutlr. fish fork is usually shorter than the meat fork. A) oyster B) bread Meat: C) nreat for the meat Use the inner fork and knife D) fish course of the meal.

Eiread: 23) People have.to choose the utensilt Eread must always be broken, never cut to eat depending'on with a knife, Tear off a piece that is no bigger than two bites worth and eat that F.) the type of food before tearing off another. lf you get B) their preferences butter (and at formal events it is C) their quantitY of time to eat customarily not served), butter the small D) the number of utens i ls Placed just eating it. piece of bread before at the table

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More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text below-

ESCAZTJ'S OXCART FESTIVITY 'lwenty-five years ago, the Municipal ,Council of Escazu established every second Sunday of March as the Cantonal Day of the Ox Drivers and the Festival of the Oxcart. ln 2005, UNESCO declared the ox driver andrthe Costi Rican traditionai oxcart as l'intangibte patrimony of humanity". Back in 165g, an existing docurnent certified the existence of two wooden oxcarts'and two teams:of : oxen in Escaz6. During the XVlll century, rich Costa Rican families grew sugar cane and had "trapiches" (rudimentary molasses factories, bringing deep changes in colonial Costa Rica. These conditions promoted agricultural development. Thus, ox drivers settled with their oxcarts not only in Escazri, but in many areas of the Ceintral Valley. Coffee growing, by the middle of the XIX century, made the oxcart the most important means of transportation of those days. Nowadays, oxcarts and'ox drivers participate in religious celebrations of the patron Saint in different communities, festivals related to localtraditions, and natural resources. ln the National Parade of Ox Drivers and Oxcarts in Escazu, more than 150 ox teams and thousands of tourists meet across from the Town Hall. By 10 a.m., oxcarts loaded with women dressed in typical costumes start their 3 km journey up to the Church of San Antonio of Escazu to receive the priest's blessing. Marimba music and dancing masked figures enliven this popular festivity.

Adapted from La.Nacion, March 200g

B_ on the _"::d text above, choose the apfropriate alternative to complete each sentence. (ttems from 24 to 2g)

24) History records that oxcarts have been part of Costa Rican culture since

A) the XVlll century B) sixteen fifty-eight C) nineteeneighty-three D) the middle of the XIX century lN41-10

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A) the symbol of San Jos6 ',ts) an intangible heritage of hurnanity 'c) Dt af ways.,full, ol women drc,ssg,in,tfpical ':@sturnes

,28) Oxcaris and oxdriv€rsf' festival$ he f,eldted to A) the rainy season "B) religious festivities c) ox drivers' associations ,Dl the communitypf Escazri only

lN41-10 10

More free material online at LiveLingua Project .,J Read the text and choose the correet altemative to comp-lete each statement. ffiffiffime People celebrate Chrjstmas in different ways, depending on the country where they live and th.e tradifioirs they have.

GOSTA RIEA: Bright, tropical flowers highlight decorations for Christmas. The nativity scene is decorated with electric lights, moss and plants, figures of shepherds, sheep, wells, angels and a eomet. Wreaths of cypress leaves are very popular and those with a more eecentric taste include coffee berries and brilliant tropical'plants. The supper, after Midnight Mass, 4 consists of tamales, roast pork meat and other local dishes. \G'

THE UNITED STATES: Americans celebrate Christmas with the exchange of gifts and greetings and with family'visits. Christmas begins witn the Midnight Mass. At Christmas it snows in many states, so dinner is commonly eaten indoors. Dinner is ujually roast turkey, goose, duck or ham served with cranberry iarcu, plum pudding, pumpkin pie, nuts and'fruit: American honres are decorated with holly, misfietce and branches ot trees and a ehristmas tree with ereetric- rights.--g----_ AUSTRALiA: The holiday eCImes in the middle ef sun:rner. lt's Usual for some parts of Australia to hit .i00 {egnees Fahnenheit on e hilsimas Day. in Sydney, thousands of families prepare their ehristmas dinner and iake it to Bondi Beach. Australians decorate their houses *ith a red-flowereei-leave bushes that are native from Australia.

21) In every eountry n:entioned before, 22) in eosta Rica, during ehristmas the peeple eelcbrate Christmas depending on

A) decorations are coiorful . A) their cultural heritage F) nativity scene is not popular B) Australian standards U,' wreaths are made of tamales c) Ameriean customs D) supper includes red coffee berries E) gifts and greetings

10

$ci*i:'- More free material online at LiveLingua Project for,din,ner" 23) In the' United Statee" peoplahave,ig r,,,, A)' OucX tamales with'holly-', B) cranberry anO Chleken-iid : ,1, : . ... : r: :.i:: ' '',' 'Cj "turxey; nuts, and pumpkin PiQ DJ :, turkey- witlr, eo",ffe, f ber:r' res sauqe,

I r are mad e, o{, cY.P, ress. 24; , 6utihg ehi'istmag in Cost-a',Ri.ca,

, ,it wleaths' , n). , ..t, rB) many houses c), some tamales 'P-) many main meals 'tt, '

to decor.ate the nativitY scene. 25) Qgs1a Rieans'use .

A) different kinds of berries ' B) moss and Plants C) pork meals D) tamaies

for'Christmas supper. ln the United States it's common to eat 26) .:i

.i : ' A) beef 'B)' Poultry C) tamales D) ham Pudding

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text. Chocse the altemative to answer the questions-

ST. ANDREWS DAY

One of the 12 Apostles, Andrew, is the patron saint of Scofland and every year Scots around the world celebrate Nov. 30 or thereabouts with a lively ball (big dance) and different customs to honor his name. On the eve of St. Andreds Day single girls pray to St. Andrew for a husband and if one doesn't appear fast enough they throw a shoe at the front door. lf the shoe lands in the direction of the way out, that means the girl will be maried and out of her parents' house within the year, Also they peel an apple without breaking the skin and throw it behind them. lf the peel fonns a letter of the alphabet, that would be the start of the groom's name. The blue flag of Scotland with its diagonal white cross, known as The Saltier Cross, represents the transverse cross where Andrew was crucified by the Romans-

25) How do Scots commernorate St- Andre#s Day?

A) Wearing typi€l cpstumes B) Singingtraditionalcfiants C) Wth an great dance D) Praying allday long

26) tffhat do young womeil ask of St. Andrew? To

" A) marry a saint B) catcfr a spous C) crucifo the Romans D) throw a shoe on the flmr

12

More free material online at LiveLingua Project 27) What does the shoe tl'rrowing imply? it means that the youngster

A) has to revealthe Eroomrs n&lrl€ B) requests an apple to peel C) wants a husband quickly D) will live with her parents

28) What does throwing the peel of an apple reveal?

A) How fast the husband is going io appear B) The starting letier of {he sair$rs narne C) The first letter of the groorn's'name . l D) The direction of the groom's house

29) What does The Saltier Cross represent? lt symbolizes

A) the Roman white cross B) the way Andrew died C) St. Andreds banner D) Scotland's blue flag

13 More free material online at LiveLingua Project ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Homework Readings Holidays and Celebrations

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text. Choose the option that completes each sentence correctly.

.25) The first Thanksgiving Day took place in

A) England B) Plymouth C) allthe United States D) allAmericancountries

More free material online at LiveLingua Project 26) This celebratiol ga{ters

A) relatives B) justthe emPloYees C) .just the yourlg,People D) grandmothersexdusivelY

home on Ttranksgiving- .l 2{ Sorne pqle to be ai A) do eiilra work ' . B) make long tuiPs C) make foreign fo6d D) T"k" dressesand Patters

28) Nowadays people'etebrate'iftranksgiving followingthe u/ay. .\ A) sbange B) modem c) different D) traditional

29\ The main dish on this holidaY is

A) milk B) turkey C) cream D) the dressing

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Reed thd{ext below,

;e rr$$*a ra*+{Fr r refl**..#* r+f#5d*B rilfl;}lD-e rrililrlif '--= G6i 1. , ,.: $ tn Costa Rica, Cultprqs' Day is celeb,ratdd on ffiobet 12;.a Special date tor Lim6n fi wtrere a 1&day party has been held for more than frfty years. This time, the'first S adivitythatfticksoffthetraditionalcarnivalislhecoronalionof thehql-agbn. '",. ,' "' c foJ!,o,yrv'. wlth f, *.or*l5,h$ Fileworks alyvAys,, t[e.,,coronatien, along ,a qxFec,t, * q.?-*ffift'..@ncelt'oflights".-Carniv.alorganizersexpect15,000fl lights". Cainiv,bj.organizers l.S-,00P F ' ,'}ll,s & *. stt. ', f.. p'"ffi nruugh ni,'rnuttiqui Wist 'T'hisparadd qt is scheduled for.the senstd +jeekend:' The night of flT e + ', i e ' parade,lat o'clock, an,intemifionelband'usually gives d free, F .+'.#' . :----:r -:.:-I - ----'-: -,.,-:'--'lI--.-:.,.,..,r. open-airConcertin'fPargudVar,gas".' timtnteityand,some area,beaches #Gi . *itl hq.$J at least four otheq free concerts,o- 1i9, cbveriltg.a S ,.,O_$o, {{; 1-5, .22; "tropical" musical range from "salsa" and "merengue" to "ranchera", and of course, the tG - -r-. Caribbeqn standard, lcalypso1 Qi:*ii ijq New to the carnival are two chiidrenls festivals on October 13'a'nd'22, and d show of €''dancing horses on October'15. & g. *Kick gff: something, especialiy an exciting evenl tnY tostart F' q. '..-, ,*&d, J $"8* r *4-r$3$"*rs "l..Sae'iF9&'"Xa iil.*W{e$effiery{brffieew

Based on the,text, choopg the appropriate'altemative to answef eactr questicn. (ltems from 24 to 28)

241 Hov long has the'Carnival,treen eelebrated? For

A) 50 years and 10 days B) more than 5 decades C) 10 days per month: D) less than 50 years

tN11-09 11

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''',.. 28) lNhat dges the parade in Lim6n represent?

A) retigious beliefs B) ' culturql featqres' c) :itnpreve-fnef;,tt, ".sociaf D), educational aspects

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More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text.

, SL,oBAL,W.ARM|NG J :

'a .,:

i ffi##iffififffiktTffflil$fi:ffffi a since the mid-2Oh century is very expected due to the observed- @s increase in greenhouse gas .on""ntr"tions:"

The term "global warming" refers (in common usage) to the recedt warming of the gJimate, and it implies a human influence. Thus, the'term "climate change', is'used ior human'-caused change, and "climate variabillty" for other cha4ges.'

Climate models referenced by the IPCC project that global surface temperaturejs are likelytoincrease by 1.1 to 6.4"C between 1990 and 2100. Some effects of ,,global warming" include changes in agricultural yields; glacief - retreat:, reduced srrnr"r' .stream'flowS, species extinctions; sea levbl ris€, intensity bf extreme weagfer events, tn9 amount and pattern precipitatiori thanges ! bf ' resufiing in floods an'd drought, and , increases.in the rangeS of,diseases.:. ' , r:! ihe climate system varies through natural, internal processes and iri rebponse to j changes in external factorS, which include solar activity, volcanic emission's; variations^ in the earth's orbit and greenhouse gases+ Contrbstinj with the'scientin" lonr"n;; i;^ that the warming/is caused by natural fluctuations in the climate or that warming is mainly a result of variations in solar radiation. The detailed causes of the reJent w.arming remain an active field of research, Udt tne scientific consensus identifies increased levels of greenhouse gases due to human activity as the main influence.

Adapted by Janet Bailey

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence. (ltems from 19 to 33)

29) Globalwarming is generally defined as a i: ! A) rise in surface air and water temperature B) natural transformation of the climate i

I c) climate normal fl uctuation I i D) sea level rise

lN41-10 11

i f More free material online at LiveLinguat Project 30) The IPCC:study

A) gives an unquestionable explanation of global warming B) . explains that globalwarming is'ddbreasing very slowly C) introduces a unified theory explaining globalrvarming D) covers.a period of more than a hundred years

31) The term " "'is used for changes that are caused primarily due to human intervention.

A) ternperaturers variability B) greenhouse gases C) greenhouse effect D) climate change

32) Gontrary to the scientific studies, some scientists believe that global warming,is mainly a result,of changes in

''j 'A) glacier reti'eat

B) .solar radiation C) greenhouse gases D) volcanic emissions

33) One thing that is Rgt considered a globalwarlning external,factor is

: A) solar activity B) sea level rise C) greenhouse gases ' D) volcanic emissions

tN41-10 '12

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text'below.

above, choose the appropriate alternativ6 to answer each question. (ltems from 29 to 33)

29) Who is the pioneer in distributing organic products?

A) Bio=Productores Oro Verde'S.A. B) . "Members of Healthier Food S.A. C) The supermarket ownerS D) A Costa Rican family

rN21-09 13

More free material online at LiveLingua Project 30) Why should Costa Ricans choose organic products? Because theY are

A) ',chbmical'free ' ' , ' ,:B)'beingdernanded ,: , ' C) grown in good'so.ils , ' , ' in : D) cultivated houses ,

I t I I t? ' 31) what dlilemma do farmers have due to the growing'need for organic prodqcts? Sellers

experlment economical B) losses . '. . :cannot C) fulfill the demand . ,:

t t .' " , ' "

. 32) What sflrould farrners do to:increase the distribution of organic products? They should

A) ask f'or bank loans B) avoid p-esticides C) reduce prices D) get together

33) Why are organic products a gobO option for farmers? . Because

A) they increase the demand of pesticides B) production costs are lower l'I ; -C) they adapt to any soil n $ D) farmers get rich

N21:b9 14

More free material online at LiveLingua Project ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Homework Readings Environment

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

More free material online at LiveLingua Project ': t'

Read.the text below-

BEST ORGANIC COFFEE AWARDED

Miramontes Mill is an organic coffee plantation in Zarcel'o. Recenfly, it won the lnternet lnternational Auction* of "Golden crop" with a price of $525 a quintal 1i000 kilograms)., For the second year, an important part of their production will be exported to Japan.

Because of their, cultivation methods and results, experts qualified the coffee flavbr produced by i'exotic". ,,1 Ricardo P6rez and frieridS as cultivated 600 trees"of purple avocado'for 10 years" but I realized that the pesticides applied to'litile orange spiders poisoned the trees, my work and my family," Ricardo explained.

From that moment on, P6rez decided to grow coffee together with other types of plants and trees. Consequently, pests did not concentrate on coffee plants only, but also in all theiother plants. ln addition, Ricardo P6rezuses micro-organisms to keep the land fertile and healthy. ln such conditions, these coffee.plantations will last up to 25 years instead of producing during.only 10 years. n *Auction: a public sa/e af which items are sold to the person who offers to pay the most money.

TakeT frpm,,Etpaseo rn Ctsfa Rrca,, Magazine

Based on the text, choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence. (ltems from 29 to 33)

29) . To produce a unique cotfee flavor, farmers must

A) kill little spiders B) .use special chemicals C) avoid the use of pesticides D) ,, concentrate pests on coffee plants

rN11-09 13

.'': More free material online at LiveLingua Project 30) By using this 'cultivation method in coffee plantations, Ricardo, P6rez will obtain

I A) ' a larger pla$ation ,' gi ton$er:lasting,harvests. pests " C) the destruction of l D) an easierway to produce coffee ii { I 31) Micro-organisrns help the land by

A) , enriching the soil B) leaving ttre land sterite bl increasing the number of pests

,.D) consuming, the nutrients of the soil ' .

32) Winning'the 'tcolden CIop" auction was the,result of

A) good luck B) hard work growing C) coffee by regular methods r D) improvisingagriculturaltechniques

33) Miramontes Mill has exported coffee to Japan

A) tor 25 years B) for 10 years ,C) twice D) once I I{,

lN11-09 14

More free material online at LiveLingua Project t ' text belon1 choose the appropriate alternative *'fitrfi. to answer each question., (ltems from

Deqtruction of The ,Environment

;, 29) What are some sources of tne envrronment is contamination mentioned in the article? everything around u-s,

both natural and man- A) Wastes from factories anrJ trasl: made" A major problem B) Cancei in humans and anirnals Electricity in the vrcrirl today is the destruciion of C) and aiciilents D) ' Non acid rainsto rrns tl're natural environment. This is a complicated problem. We burn fuel, and this causes air pollution. We throw away 30) Why is nuclear power harmful to the millions of plastic bags, containers, toys, environment? and other objects: These stay in the Because environment. They are not like paper or A) of adequate chernical uses wood that slourly disappear. We have B) of fallout residua ls in the air" made thousands of ne\ry chemicals. C) of the responsitrle us6'of wastes Factories that make oi- use chemicals D) countries follow strict safety rules always have chemical wastes. These are often poisonous and they stay in the environment. Since 1g45, several countries 31) How does man pollute the air? have been testing nuclear By . bombs in the air and underground. The A) killing animals. an d people expiosions in the air cause nuclear fallout B) producing more etectricitY (radioactive i.ain). The fallout causes C) burning fuel and testing bombs cancer anO t

lN3i-t39a 10 More free material online at LiveLingua Project Hurricanes Benefit Caribbean The Caribbean coast revealed a few secrets during an epic October. Undergoing a phenomenon that seems to happen every few years, a Caribbean hurricane on a distant side of this sea sucked all the humidity away, leaving cloudless blue skies and sea as flat as mercury.

The resulting rush of high-pressure air to the low-pressure center of the hurricane also causes massive rains on the Pacific slope of mountain ranges, as moisture-laden air rises to rush over high peaks of Costa Rica towards the hurricane. During disaster conditions of extremely heavy rains on the Pacific, the south Caribbean sees the weather become as nice as it ever gets, with a fresh, dry breeze blowing down from the Talamancas.

1. An atmospheric phenomenon is taking humidity away from the ______. a. Costa Rican Pacific b. Costa Rican Caribbean c. Pacific mountain ranges d. distant side of the Caribbean sea

2. A very distant hurricane has caused strong rains in the ______. a. Caribbean coasts b. south Caribbean zones c. all high peaks of Costa Rica d. Pacific side of the mountains

3. Two weather conditions for the south Caribbean are ______. a. cool with blue skies b. humid with hurricanes c. cool with massive rains d. cloudless and heavy rains

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More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence (36, 37, 38 and 39).

DEPARTURE GtTy: Aflanta $ SSS

PAGKAGE INGLLIDES:

. 2 nights accommodation at the Best Western lrazt, San Jos6 (1st & last) - o 3 nights accommodation at the Best Western Jac6, Jaco Beach

c Round-trip airfare to San Jos6

o Round-trip airport / hoteltransfers

o Round-trip San Jos6 / Jac6 Beach transfers

. All hoteltaxes & service charges

DAY 01: SAN JOSE: Tourists will be welcomed at the airport and transferred to the hotel in San Jos6 by a luxury bus. DAY 02 - 04: JACO BEACH: Tourists will enjoy 3 nights at the "Best Western Jac6". Wake up each morning and enjoy the sounds of the ocean, take a swim, and enjoy a canopy tour swinging through the trees of the jungle with monkeys and hundreds of different bird species. After that, they can take a relaxing dip in the pool of the hotel or just enjoy laying around the beach. DAY 05: SAN JOSE:

Transfer back to the "Best Western lraz{" hotel. Visitor:s cari enjoy this beautiful hotel and its amenities, while staying the last night in costa Rica. DAY 06: SAN JOSE:

Tourists are transferred to the airport to take the flight back to the country of origin, or they may choose to stay longer and enjoy a bit more of beautiful Costa Rica.

tN11-08 15

More free material online at LiveLingua Project 36) The package includes for the people who take it.

A) some free facilities B) free round transfers to San Jos6 C) accommodation at lraz0 Best Western D) 2 nights in San Jos6, at the end of the trip

37) At the sea shore, tourists would be able to

A) enjoy a canopy B) lay around,the pool C) hearthe sounds ofthe ocean D) enjoy the bestfrom tneiungle

33) On the sixth day, tourists

A) have to leave the hotel B) have to stay at the hotel C) must take the flight to their country D) can:decide whether to stay or not in Costa Rica

39) Tourists have to take transportation to enjoy this trip.

A) tand and air ' B) air and water C) air and public D) land and water

|Nl1.08 't6

More free material online at LiveLingua Project ooo

Read the text below.

Tourism in Costa Rica

Costa Rica is considered a natural par.adise because people can enjoy a great variety of microclimates and landscapes, fronr smcking '.# volcanoes and lush tropical jungles to niarvelous t,eaches, vrith a diversit), of floi.a ant fauna. These naturar woncers wiil surprise air nationar and intern ational Besides, travelers this extraordinary biodiversity is conrplemented by a v,ride offer cf open ai activities, ranging from bird Watching and exci.;r.sicns along the beach, where it i: possible to dive in crystar crear waters, take white rvater i-afting irips, travel thror:gh the jungle on foot, and stay in one of the few hostels near there. Tortuguero National Park, lraza Volcano Nationa! park, and Manuel Antonio Nationa Park are amcng the mosi impcrtant natural res€FsGS. in the first park, u;; i.l',.], , boat ride'through the ";" Tortuguero canal and admire its exuberant tropic";;";";;:,ir, species of tortoises, and its lovely vrooden houses painted in vivicJ ;ir,* r*rono park !s located to the "oiorr. nerrh of cartago and is one of inu *o=,;;;;;";r:;;rr" Rica due to its "out of this worrd" runar randscape,n*, *r,,";;;;:;;:. ago' The latter park's natural beauty consists of its three beaches, a tropicaljungle with immerse rubber plants, mangrove swamps and the waters of the pecific, clotted by small rocky islands with rich marine life, and the cc,rcovado National park.

Adapted from "pestinos Maqazinql reading: Based on text above, choose the appropriate to 37) alternative to r"ntenc€. "o*pr"t" *-il (trems 32) ln costa Rica, tourists can enjoy the abunrience of frora anci fauna as rvell q;

A) renting parks B) any type of business C) great number of hodtels D) alien-looking landscapes

11 More free material online at LiveLingua Project i 33) :One of the opportunities that tourists have in Costa Rica is A) hiking in the jungle B) to enrich marine life C) selling colorful boats D) living in wooden houses

341' One of the sporting activities that tourists can experience.is

A) diving B) watching turtles + . C) visiting the jungle D) playing indoor activities

35) The article mentions that Costa Rica is a A) small country B) beautiful place to visit C) land with many divers D) country with huge rocky islands

36) Tourists will be surprised by Costa Rica's - A) large number of wooden houses B) variety of flora and fauna C) great arnount of visitors D) lack of flora and fauna

37) Tourists will have a great chance to in Costa Rica.

A) admire wildlife -, B) swim in private rivers C) walk inside the vofcano D) enjoy a singularly predominant climate

.- . lN31*-6n 12 More free material online at LiveLingua Project ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Homework Readings Travel

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

More free material online at LiveLingua Project fr g

37) At My. Africa, visitors will find

A) tigers and lions ' B) two kinds of predators* C) native and foreign species D) dangerous animal encounters

.$ 38) Onei .attraction of this place ,is

A) the harmony between lions " and tigers B), to see animals running around C) the danger of the predators D) to visit African grounds

39) The zoo is

A) out of Costa Rican lands B) inside an aquatic park C) in a paradise in Africa lJ) near "El Salto ...' River'

lN41-10 14

More free material online at LiveLingua Project r:.

Read the i'nforma'tion rbelow.

Rental cars: j 'Agencies:are plentiful in,,Sa,fl, Jose- Among, others,'tourists may find ,Tropical, Budget and Natlonal, All haye late-model vehicles from sgbrcompact to four:Wheef all:terrain veh'icles:' Quality bf ser:vice and prices are reasonable. : ::

..,: '': Tortuguero National Park: qan A jungle located,on the coast with a targe nr.rmber of wild animal species'tl1at be seen while on boat tours, home to the Caribbean Conservation'Corporation and sitebfgreensea'turtlenestirlg.',, .' ,' , ,ll ' ,, ' : LankesterGarden:'':'' " It l'ras over 800 species .of. ,orchids:' Near Cartago city,, it is, nsw part of the

' : Hiking: \ '" ,' ' . ' One day hikes are offered to tourists. Many are hikes tb volcanoes. Reliable i ! guid.esareavailable. ' '

Based on the information above, choose the correct option to complete, eagh sentence. (ltems 34 to 39)

34) Turtle nestihg is one of the when discbvering Costa Rica.

A) reliable guides B) main attractions C) ,, valuable insights D) high quality services

35) The cars you find in rental agencies are ' mode{s.

A) q particular'terrain . : '. r l. 'B) recent

D) old .. .,, r , j lN21-09 ,: | 15

More free material online at LiveLingua Project 36)' You can appreciate, from.a'boat.

A) 800 species of orchids B), 'uo,."no-eS. , . ' C):,,Cartago, , ,' ' ,: D),' ,wildlife .i ., . :

': An advantage of the hikesris that tourists 37) j , i I i. ._ . -.' .I I ' - iA) ge-t a:valuable insight'oJ Tico lifestyle .f ir'',1 are sgen ofl',?'bo?t,,., ', '', ) ,.'B) , l, ,,, ,, c) get good guidance 'r ":_ D) get late-1nodels ,' .. ., r ,

: 38;: ,p""0 the information in the cfiart

1. lt is in Cartago, only. 2,, ' service,is verygood, ,Th.e r 3, , Most of them go to lhe volcanoes; ' 4. Some animals lay eggs in this"place. 5. Use the public system to know about their habits.

Fro rn the,observation s a bove, s,taternents n umbe !' refer to a car rqntal and to a national park, resplectively, ,1., : " A) 1and5 : B) 2and4 C) ,3and5' ,, ,' - , i D) aand5

t: i. 39) Visitors can wAtch in their habitat in, To(uguero 1+i National ' i Park. ' i i i'I :i A) hundreds of orchids i I B) green turtles only I I j.i C) plenty of species i',' D) a few species {'.::

i

i i tN21-09 16 'ii,

i,!' More free material online at LiveLingua Project .i . Read the text bglow and choose the correct.alternative to complete each sentence.

36) All of the places s4Y,'TDG" A) serve champagne and caviar B) are located near the sea

C) have swimming pools . D) offer fruits and flower

The,three packages are just for 37), lt._

A) swimmers . I B) movie stars C) ocean viewers : D) honeymooners

38) Mi Casita offers the Package- . ",+. A) longest B) shortest C) iheapest D) most expensive

l The three packages include , 39) , , , , A) breakfast B) flowers 'C) dinner D) wine

17

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text below and choose the appropria_te alternative to complete each sentence.

1ttems from 34 to 36). , 34) You.will find tn most r.ural dreas., A) lChespiritos" , B) QominicalBeach C) a beautiful panorama D) : large rice plantations

s

35) It ti*es to go on a. tour from high .lands to sea ' Have you ever traveled arbund'rural areas level lands in Costa Rica. 'i in Costa Rica? Well,'l find that Some of the most relaxing 'experiences are certainly A) a cguple of minutes visit!.ng. small towns in the countryside,. B) more than a day. stopping at a 'lpulperia" for a soft drink, C) less than a day 'and a days enjoying the surrounding , scenery, D) few talking"to hardworking country people. : You do not have to.go too far, A round trip l+:;. of just a few hours will allow'you to tour 36) The author considers counlryside tourisT'a(n) severai small towns from the mountains to . expeflence. the sea. What about having breakfast at "Chebpiritos" ,in the misty highiands of A) very exciting "Cerro de la fvluerte'; where delicious B) extenuating omelets, homemade eheese tortillas, and C) peaceful sour cream are typically served with hot D) stressful coffee or chocolate? lf you continue on south to P6r9z Zeled6n, ' you wltl get to the District of San lsidro, one of the most prospqrous agricultural areas in the courltry. On the way, you can enjoy the sight of large coffee, sygar cane qnd iice plantations: j . l ' About an hgur southwest of San tsidro yotl , wilt find Dominical Beach. Dominical will :invite you !o enjoy Jhe nice warm weathef and the beach.

15 tN'1:1-09 More free material online at LiveLingua Project Corcovado Located in the Southwest of Costa Rica, Corcovado National Park is a popular tourist destination in that country. It is popular because of its incredible biological diversity, and is considered one of the most biologically diverse places on the earth. The park contains one of the few large areas of lowland tropical rainforests in the world. This is the cause of the park’s biological diversity, and allows for animals like tapirs, jaguars, monkeys, caiman, anteaters, and sloths to inhabit the park. Another reason for the biodiversity is that Costa Rica is part of the so-called ‘land bridge’ that connects North and South America.

This famous park covers an area of 425 square kilometers on the Osa Peninsula. It was created in 1975 by President Daniel Oduber. This was done to help prevent logging, which had been proposed by some international logging companies. Although it was protected from this threat, the modern day threat of tourism is becoming more problematic. Even though tourists bring funds to help protect the area, their presence is now threatening the survival of some of the animals in the park.

1. ______created Corcovado National Park.

2. Corcovado National Park is located in the ______part of Costa Rica

3. There are no current threats to the park. True False

4. Corcovado National Park contains lowland tropical rainforest. True False

5. Give two reasons for the biological diversity in Corcovado National Park: ______

6. Which of the following pairs of animals are found in the park? a. tapirs and elephants b. jaguars and monkeys c. alligators and sloths d. bats and lemurs

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Monteverde Cloud Forest Located in the Tilarán mountain range on the border between the provinces of Puntarenas and Alajuela, the Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Costa Rica. The Tilarán mountain range runs from north to south in the Northwest region of Costa Rica. The preserve contains over 10,500 hectares of tropical rainforest. It was founded in 1972, by a group of scientists from the United States with the help of some local scientists as a private reserve. These scientists used their own money to buy some of the land, and were able to get other land donated from American settlers and locals. Its first use was for scientific research. Today, the preserve is visited by about 70,000 tourists each year. They come to see the various forms of plant and animal life, especially the many different types of frogs, lizards, and snakes. One animal visitors can no longer see is the golden toad, which was native to the area, but disappeared in the 1980s. Another aspect of the preserve that attracts tourists is the most diverse collection of orchids, a type of flower, in the world. There are over 500 different types of orchids in the Monteverde Preserve.

Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve is located in which mountain range: a. Tilarán b. Talamanca c. Central d. Guanacaste

When did the golden toad disappear from Monteverde? a. 1970s b. 1972 c. 1980s d. 1990s

The Monteverde Preserve has the largest variety of ______on the planet a. toads b. lizards c. orchids d. flowers

Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve contains: a. mangrove forests b. grasslands c. tropical plains d. tropical rainforest

Who created the Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve: ______

In what year was Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve created: ______

What was the original purpose of the Monteverde Preserve: ______

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Lankester Botanical Garden Visitors, especially those from northern climes, will be delighted by the Lankester Botanical Garden, located about a half-hour’s drive from San José. Although the ground back home might be blanketed by snow, at Lankester it is always spring, and orchids bloom all year around. In the garden’s trees and greenhouses, about 800 of Costa Rica’s 1,400 species of orchids thrive, along with a spectacular collection of showy, native bromeliads, bamboo, heliconias, palms and cacti. Peak blooming season for the orchid is from February to May, but visitors are assured of finding blossoms any month of the year. Well-tended air trails wind through natural tunnels of bamboo, across rustic bridges, lead to a small butterfly park and a stand of secondary tropical forest. The garden was originally founded by British naturalist Charles H. Lankester, and it is maintained today by the University of Costa Rica. Guided tours are given daily from 9 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.

1. What is the main attraction of Lankester Botanical Garden? The ______. a. drive from San José b. delightful visitors c. orchid collection d. rustic collection

2. What kinds of scenery is it possible to find in Lankester Garden? a. greenhouses and a butterfly park b. natural and British tunnels c. tropical forests and snow d. rustic bridges and peaks

3. When do people visit Lankester Botanical Garden? a. only from February to May b. from 3:30 p.m. to 9 a.m. c. on any day of the week d. only during spring

4. Who is in charge of Lankester Botanical Garden? a. The University of Costa Rica b. Charles H. Lankester c. British naturalists d. tour guides

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More free material online at LiveLingua Project r -{ qJl' r} Read thetext below.

DEPffiSSION, AiIOTHER SILEI{T ENEIIIY

According to specialists, common depression could be considered a temporary feeling. lt could also become a relevant disease. . :a t Depression could be considered a state of mind when there is an extemal event that explains the feeling: a divorce, a car crash, a financial crash or tre death of a loved one. ln these *€asbs, depression is a natura!responeeto a grief" As sedous medicaf'cordition,' 1, depression is an extended ,tim€.'of sadneEs'wtthsgt :an..evident external reason or a disproportionate gioom* in relation to the event (like being sad about a car crash beyond 15 days). ln such o6s€a; depression appears with loss of appetite, insomnia and sleepiness.

lf you find someone in deprbssion, the foflotrrrirqiquestions co-uld'help him/her: r ls there any external event that explains this fteling?

. .How long'has he/she been indepression? , " ,

o Was he/she diagnosed before with any important {isease? ln fact, suggesting simple activities'like enjoy,iqg the sun, walking, and watching funny TV programs could help to ease the problem until the person finOs propei medical treatment. *Gloom: a feetingof sadness orhopelessness

Adapted from "Costa Rica Today"

p.ased.-o1the text above', choose the appropriate alternative to answer each question. (ltems 40 to 44) ,

40) tA/hat can be the cause of minor depression?

A) ' Laziness B) Boredom C) An important loss D) Any ex{ernalevent

lN11-09

More free material online at LiveLingua Project 4L) tf.rlhat ie the rrqit impo4ant g,pelson.should thing, oo it he/she suftrs from sedous depression? To r:l:

.'lit.,, .;;.:*#il

el *.ldfit,€n rnihrbr depiegbitln:&1*eilcr$eC ? As ...i '.ti.,'r': i;i A! a phy:siual.dlseata r ,.;lE' :'" .: B) proloiigeclunhappirr,bss "' " c) epssifi$,sboffiyfeelirg ' : ,* ,',, : $ Ec*p,@*,.&lifa.d *,: ,,,1 ..,,, , ,i ',:.. ,:,.rii;:lirrrsrir:i:ltr

,. ' .::l I:::.i {3}' What eouH'bC' siqaeU a tymptom of serref,d*.ptF9one

,",,"A! -,#**|*1 ;'' r:i.::: .r';r:.:', i B} have a car cragh go thro4h a divorce . ,cl r..li'i D) Fel turelong tirne

44) Vvhat s.hould people with persistent depression symptorns do untilthey see a dodor? They should . . ..: lt.: , .i l, ':: , :" rr. ,, r.i:r i ? :i:ij i-! ...''..',": A) uork,hard ., B) carry ort relaxing ac*ivities C) leam.abbut.rnirmr;diEeas , ,,, D) . alroid rvatchirq funnyprggram$

lNl1{s 18

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Read the text. Choose the correct option to answer each question (40,41,42,43 and 44).

40) Based on the text, for whom is folic acid SOME BENEFITS OF FOLIC ACID essential? Whether you're courting pregnahcy A) For no one or not, the time to think about B) For all men and women adequate intake of folic acid for both C) lt's essentialfor little kids men and women is now. Deficiency D) For a few pregnant women of folate can precipitate excess blood levels of the amino acid 41) What can folate insufficiency provoke? homocysteine, a known risk factor for heart diseases, strokes and some A) Anemia forms of cancer. B) Diabetes According to Dr. Godfrey Oakley, C) Heart attacks director of the division of pirth D) Breathing problems lefects and developmental disabilities at the U.S. Centers for 42) According to Mr. Oakley, what could be Disease Control, research findings possible if people intakefolic acid? here indicate that adequate folate A) Deaths can be avoided. intake . could prevent approximately B) lnfants may be affected. 50,000 deaths from heart attack C) Birth defects may increase. each year in the United States. D) Cancers'symptoms can get worse. Folate deficiency increases the risk and of colon and cervical cancer, 43) How often can folate bie taken? reduces the body's supply of a A) Yeady special protein which is a potent B) Weekly ingredient of our own built in c) Everyday anticancer defense system. Folic D) Every month acid is nontoxic, and the recommended daily intake is 400 44) Where folic acid micrograms. possible to has research about lt is been done? consume this amount of.folate if you are carefulto maintain a healthy diet. A) In different U.S clinics B) Where DrOakley works c) At birth control institutes D) ln all American institutes

tN11-08 17

More free material online at LiveLingua Project -'f_1----'.-''. ri

Read the text below

"BREAKBONE" FEVER?

Breakbone Fever is an acute viral infectibn characterized by the symptor.n of fever. lt is also named Dengue Fever. Breakbone Fever is caused by a bite from mosquitoes

h \ carrying the Dengue virus. The first indication is a skin rash and high fever with severe pain in the head and H I | / muscles. Other symptoms may include shaking chills, dianhea, and vomiting. The secondary fonns of this disorder are called Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrorne. These are usually caused by a secondary infection with a different type of Dengue virus (Type 2). Several days after the virus attacks, other symptoms may include fever, bleeding under the skin, "A red spots on the legs, and bleeding in the intestines. marked fall in blood pressure (shock) occurs in very severe cases. Dengue mosquitoes breed in containers that hold water, such as: buckets, discarded tires, plastic bags, plant bases, boats, tin cans, plastic containers, roof gutterings and rainwater tanks. The Dengue mosquito does not breed in riverc, open drains, creeks or mangroves.' The best form to control this mosquito is to get rid of all mosquito breeding sites around the home

Based on the information above, choose the correct option to answer each question. (ltems 40 to 44)

40) How do people usually get infected with Deilgue Hemonhagic Fever? By

A) eating contaminated food B) a different type of Dengue virus C) drinking water from rainwater tanks D) the same virus that causes Typel Dengue

tN21-09 , 17

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More free material online at LiveLingua Project 41) What ii the beet uray to prevent Dengue? lo

: .. A) stay away frorn rivers ;l,' B) get rid of plastic bags at home C) war.h your hands before e?ting D) destroy mosguito breeding sites

42) lAJhst mav bC a sqnptol of Primary ffypell *iue?, ,, 'r.;f r j- l', :!1ii A). .,.Efqed.i0gr,'.,,,! , ,. ', B) Red spots on the bgs lr" pr,gesure , G) Very low bld DI,,. $ore rnuscles and.bee4 ,

::! :,r:j: :at :l :t:t:' ::!jt: ..... 43) Horrv is tfie Breakborie Fever related It'$

A), sirnllarto B) just the same as .C) very different fror* . ,,:,, D) abOutthE same as

i ' .i 4$' ,T{ yutft* *mt*t syryptqrn,caq by a qgcord1ry in&ction of,Dengue-virus? A) Shock B). Headq C) Minclr&te:, .:. i D) i/luscl**r*e '', ; . :,. ' -1.

j' '' i':'

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More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text and choose the correct option to answer each question 1as, 46,47and 48).

How does a SCOPES AND LIMITS democratic country controlthe limits of power? OF AUTHORITY A) Using the judges' authority. When we talk all B) lmproving the Congress'power. about privileges, C) Increasing the president's authority. duties, powers, qYq D) Writing a constitution which limits the.." and boundaries, power. we use the term scope and limits. 46) Which government entity authorizes By scope we mean how far the the President to spend taxes? authority extends, or how much authority can be exercised. By A) The Congress boundaries we mean the limits set up B) The Constitution to make sure that authority is not C) The President himself misused. D) People who wrote the Constitution ln democratic countries, even the president must honor the scope and 47) Why does the Constitution limits of the He or she has give more power fosition. to certain positions? the power Because some of the and the duty to enforce.the government positions law. The president, however, has limits on his power. For instance, the A) misuse authority president cannot declare a war B) have unlimited power because that is the job of the C) require the abuse of power

I ... Congress. D) require power '}Y The president does not to fulfiil their duties...., l spend taxpayerts money without the approval of Congress. 48) ln a democratic society, who has the power The people who wrote the Constitution to declare war on another country? wanted to make sure that the president, members of the Congress, A) The Congress of that nation . and judges had enough power to carry B) The President of that country out their duties. They were also C) The people of the Constitution concerned about the abuse of power. D) People who are concerned about For that reason, the Constitution limits the abuse of power the power of all the branches of the government.

i, lN11-08. : 18 Li

i -'l I More free material online at LiveLingua Projectii ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Homework Readings Democracy

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text and choose the appropriate alternative that completes each sentence according to it. ltterns from 45 to 48)

RIGHT TO VOTE 45) Since 1998, One of the most important rights the blind vote in private in a democracy is the right to, A) vote. In Costa Rica, we have a B) handica.pped voters have to print national election every four the ballots years, and every citizen can C) the Electoral Tribunal provides vote. This is the way people can ballots in "X" shape express their opinions about the D) voters express their choice by candidates and their proposals writing an l'X" on the ballot to govern the country. Starting in 1998, voters did not have to stamp their thumb prints on the 46) During the 1998 elections, . ballots as they did in previous : . years. Now, they vote by writing uX" A) handicapped people used secret one spaces an in of the ballots provided on the ballot. Another the time to vote wqs redued by change approved by' the B) Electoral Tribunal, at that time, is a half that it limits the time each citizen C) each voter had four minutes to has to vote. lnstead of four vote minutes as in previous years, D) the blind voted on a secret ballot now they have only two minutes. Handicapped people also have the right to vote, but they do it in 47) Most people vote in private, but both, ' a different way. Although each person votes by secret ballot, the handicapped are allowed to vote A) rggular citizens and the elderly publicly. The blind, for exampte, B) the elderly and the candidates are allowed to tell an official for C) inmates and regular citizens whom they want to vote, and the D) the blind and handicapped official person will write the "X" following his/her instruction. Very old people may follow the 48) ln different there same procedure. lnmates also is a special voting room. have the right to vote. The Electoral Tribunal prepared A) electoral'halls voting rooms in 17 prisons in B) ballot buildings 1998. This ensures that even C) jails in the country those who are in prison retain constitutional rooms their constitutional right to vote. D)

ii' 1N11.09 19 u More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text" ' * r r G r il R r r s " ': ' #. " T " T " T T ,e \ POLTT.ICAL PARTIES ..

parties around the worldt t::l theln dlo"l"I There are different political l"* I problems' A political"l party proposals jo solve th"i, o*n bountryrs ': " :-:l-in*:i : peoplewho.sharethesamepointsofviewabouthowthegovernmen,'n1,]l.lljllt political proposals, a journalist r and what it should do. [n order to understand such their priorities are' four political parties what they stand for and what ;il".*o t-talilt;-riiJrtr*;w eacrr political p"ilY'] proposals as follows: 1r of I l.Apartythatbelievesthat.theroleofthego.Vern.me|lL,tEvtlv|lvllrt should be the Protection I life, liberty, and property from violence and fraud' ' liberty, personal responsibilitv, anl j 2. A party that stands for individual 1 lll1l:: their own decisions about what is best government, encourages peOple to make I for them and their families. affordable health care' 3. A party that stands for working families, better schools, I econgrny' womenrs rights, safer streets, a cleaner env-ilonment' 3nd.":-'tln : 1: that the role of a government should be to educate.its citizens' *hil" , believes I protecting their rights and ensuring a stable and prqsperous nation' , :: :i'i as social and econoti: jTl:::; i1 4. Finally, a party that stands for key values such j ii :1. respect for. diversity, Wornen's rlgnts' non-violence, grassroots democracy, : personal and global responsibility, and protection of the environment'

: points view I As illustrated, each of the parties has some differeni of 'onhowio .govern,butallofthemcareaboutfreedom,justiceandpeacej a Written- -.,'_..4 bYMckY Jara .' \ : t t_ t t # t ;* i * * t:r r * # . ' -Based - - - on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence. (ltems from 45 to 48)

45) A political party is a group of people th-at country ,] A) have some differences about how to run the B) share similar ideas about how to goverR the country C) share exactly the same 'proposals of other parties D) stand for violence and fraud

rN41-10 17

i:, i 1l' More free material online at LiveLingua Project '*-:i!iir:i.i':ii' ! .' _::

116) The sscond partfs Bropoealstates thet

A) people have th€ right to make their own Aeclsioil B) a go\Frnment should decfide about enerything C) a govemment should hane unlimited power D) peopfe should have no pqrerd all

47',, One of lhe prioritles of the third party is

A)' education ,.'. 1i B) unafiodabb achoots C) elpensitae health care D) tfie protec-tion of people ftom fraud . .:

.':r,? ...j":j l iij:;. 'n i {8} The fourfl partycar€$ abottt,::j-.-_-l

A) nghts of yvombn B) limiled govemment :i.: ni:iiil:: al C) all citizens' personal problerns .t... t; D) the economic situation of Fls mernbers .r.:i'iilili .r

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More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text below.

JOB INTERVIEW TIPS AND SUGGESTIONS

Here you have some job interview tips that might help you to get ready for a successful interview. l* Practice answering the typical job interview questions and answers that most employers ask. Think of actual xamples you can use to describe your: skills. Providing evidence of your successes is very important. Prepare a response to the queition "What do you know about our company?" Know the interviewer's name and use it during the job interview. lf you're not sure of the name, call and ask prior to the interview. Try to relate what you know about the company when answering questions. Get readv and make sure your terview outfit is neat and appropriate for the type of company you dre interested in. Bring a nice portfolio with copies of your r6sum6, and include a pen and paper for note taking. Be on time fsr the interview; this means five to ten minutes early. lf it is necessary, take some time to drive to the office ahead of time, so you know exactly where you are going, and how long it will take to get there. Stav calm during the job nterview, try to relax as much as possible. Maintain eye contact with the interviewer. Listen to lhe entire question before y'ou answer and pay attention, you will be embarrassed if you forget the question! Show What vou know about the company and try to relate it when answering questions. When discussing your career accomplishments, match them to what the company is looking for. Always fotlow up with a thank-you note restating your interest in the position. lf you interview with multiple people, send each one a thank-you note.

http ://job se a rch. a bo u t. co m/tib raryAuee kt y a a 1 2 1 00 0a. h tml

Based on the previous information, choose the appropriate option to bomplete each sentence. (ltems 49 to 54)

49) When having a job interview, it is important to

A) show nervousness B) wear suitable garments C) mention your lack of skills D) ask the interviewer questions

ttrtzt-og 21 More free material online at LiveLingua Project 50) Beforq a job interview, you should answering questions.

A) decfine B) discuss C) practice.: D) follow up

51) Once the interview begins, you should relax and

: A) stay calrn l B) be on time C) take an interview practice D) send each person a thank-you note

52) Make sure to be for the interview.

A) on time B) agitated C) very busy D) emUarrassed

53) Tryto shsw the interviewer what you know dbout

A) the company

B) the competition , C) your own name

D) other companies ,

54) Sending a thank-you note is an excellent way to

A) follow up your interview B) be on time C) stay calm D) practice

lN21-09 zi More free material online at LiveLingua Project 'Read the text and choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

GERMAN: self employed MANUEL: housepainter All my friends seem to earn more than I My friends say my work is less demanding do. I suppose it's easier if you're than theirs, but I think I work just as hard as employed in a regular 9 to 5 job. I work they do. I spend a lot of time alone because on people's houses and manage my job can't begin until all the construction 5 construction sites all day. I stay pretty fit [vork is completed. Usually, doing that. Then in the rooms look great when the evenings and on I've finished my work. the weekends I have Sometimes customers to make phone calls choose really ugly colors, but bout jobs and I have to respect their paperwork. lt decision. seems to end!

ROSAURA: artist ANTONIO: orchestra conductor Working for yourself is It would be impossible for hard because you are me to do rny job on my responsible for own: The musicians I everything. lf no one work with are extremely calls and asks you to talented, and they rely on work for them, you me to make sure they have to go out to look sound as good as for work. Luckily, I now possible. We often work \ have some regular evenings and weekends, and we travel a lot. )clients. I paint pictures for some Working with a large number of other people expensive hotels. can be challenging and it really bothers me if someone is moody because it affects everyone else.

53) Rosaura has some regular

A) rooms B) workers C) expenses ' D) customers

54) Both, Antonio and German have some work to do , too.

A) on Saturdays and Sundays B) at expensive hotels C) choosing clients D) at home i : I i 20 T , : T More free material online at LiveLingua Project i 55) Certainly, job always requires other people's participation to be fulfilled.

A) Rosaura's B) German's C) Antonio's D) Manuel's

56) A job thatimplies team performance is the

A) orchestra conductor: B) self-employed C) painter D) artist

57) A feature three of the occupations share is that they

A) end their work before the construction finishes B) begin their work at 9 and finish at 5 p.m. C) are responsible for their own jobs D) work with talented musicians

58) The article mentions that once in a while, disagrdes with the customer's choices.

A) Rosaura B) German C) Antonio D) Manuel

21

More free material online at LiveLingua Project ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Homework Readings Jobs and Lifestyles

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

More free material online at LiveLingua Project ; Read the text. Choose the alternative that answers each question accordingly.

SITUATION: F"iip"-illfas ls ,e"Oing job advertisements; he is thinking which position is the best for him.

ENGINEER COMPUTER PLANNING Work with,an exciting, new company. Use your experience to design new uses for small and advanced computers. Excellent salary. Write to: Mr. D.G,. Tall; Central Str:eet, Heredia; or call (506) 260-6547, cellular 8751-2103. SERVICE MANAGER Busy car dealer is looking for an e_xperiencgd car service manager for busy

SECRETARY For doctor's office. Hours 9:00 to 5:30, Monday to Friday. Must get along well with people. Experience necessary. Call Miss Solis, (506) 532-6122.

e

49) What do the three ads have in common? They

A) ask for experience

B) need customer agents , C) offer growth opportunities D) require immediate availability

22

More free material online at LiveLingua Project '..'

- i.i,-ii:' r ,!:i-i::, , ::::; 50). Who offers marveloui income? does.

a riii 3'-r, ;,1 ::: :: A) Mre;flY* ' ,: , -:' t B) Miss Solis C) Mr. Garcia - D) Mr. D.G. Tall, ..,.. ;a r.- .

i..ii:,",-..,:.il'.' :

+.:,,..r.ri.i....:i,.

'"r -i :::r! " : .'l:::: i Li'.' , .r .:. :i :l '*i 51)

A) (506) 245-€8-00 B) (506) 260-6547-, c) (506) 532-ffi-n D) 8751-21-03

:l r'

52) 'Where is the popt dealing with hightechnologlP ln A) La Sabana B) Cartago C) Alajuela D) Heredia

23

More free material online at LiveLingua Project to complete each sentence according Read the text. Choose the appropriate alternative to the text. lttems from 52 to 54)

CHILD LABOR INCREASING, 52) Working children's salaries are SAY EXPERTS the minimum ' BY Tim Rogers permitted bY taw.

A) higher than B) as high as @F: C) lower than =Hqffi*i-t;,>F D) ' as low as "-$*#@ ry Children reprgsent the youngest and vulnerable sector of the Latin most 53) The governments' plans to eradicate theY work American labor force, Yet and Protect working children have long hours on the fringe of the law and receive salaries that are just a A) been scheduled several times fraction of the minimum wage' 3) been comPletely unsuccessful Although the Problem has alwaYs C) worked adequatelY existed, civil rights leaders' have D) been successful expressed concern that the number of children involved in both the forrnal and informal economY is growing desPite the last 54) Regarding this problem, civii rights governments governments' efforts. They'expect leaders think that next future governments to imPlement should public action plans to eradicate child A) not be concerned with labor and protect adolescent workers teenager's work in each country- To make matters B) give more work to the worse, the four-year action plans are youngsters of scheduled to end when the terms C) carry out social effective Plans governments end- ManY are D) pay the kids a minimum wage concerned that the situation will continue'to snowball unless the'new administrations take serious steps to support Child Labor Law-

The Tico Times, November 23'o 2Oo1

21 lN41-10 More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text \ and choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence.

57) Homelessness is a problem.

A) social B) potiticat C) economical D) segregation

HOMELESS PEOPLE 58) Homeless people have Homelessness is, without doubt, the most characteristics. serious and dramatic expression of the A) similar phenomenon of social exclusion (Gdritas, B) different 1996). The term "hometess persons" C) the same refers to a group with varied and D) multidimensional hetelogeneous characteristics, profiles and necessities, but with a series of common dimensions: severe poverty, social 'isolation, 59) Homelessness refers to people who breakdown of sobial and family bonds, personal deterioration and lack of a A) live on the streets place (a house) to cover needs of B) have family bonds accommodation and social support. The C) have a house to live phenomenon is a highly urban one, D) don't need accommodation characteristic of large cities in which problems of poverty and isolation are exacerbated, and lead to exclusion 60) Homeless people are processes (which form the basis of the the society. problem) being expressed in the most A) helped by extreme and inhuman ways in situations of B) included in homelessness. C) adopted by By Rodrig uez Diaz D) excluded from

lN11-0712 24

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More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text. Choose the correct option to answer each question (57, 58, 59,60 and 61).

INTERNET Locating specific information used to be a tedious and time-consuming process. Do you remember digging through library card catalogs and then wandering through dusty stacks of books, only to discover that what you needed was already checked out?

Now finding references to topics can be as simple as typing in a keyword and clicking a button, from the privacy of your own home. lnternet includes entire libraries of specialized information and thousands of these are accessible and free of charge to the general public. lnternet also supports a variety of research techniques and styles. Suppose you're trying to come up with a topic for a speech you have to deliver. At first, you might want to browse a variety of materials to refine your subject area. This process is much like going to an area in a library and starting to pull books off the shelf, except that on lnternet you can leap from library to library, following associative links or trains of thought. Once you've determined the exact subject of your speech, you may need to track down some very specific information, such as statistics to back up a particular point. This is the age of information, and success in many fields depends on getting the latest news as quickly as possible. lnternet provides numerous sources for specialized and updated information. You may want to subscribe to an electronic mailing list. For instance, you may want to participate in a news group where specialists in some unusual area'of knowledge keep you current on what you need to know. Because of its scope and speed, lnternet is by far the most efficient way to make sure you maintain expert status in your little corner of the information universe. There are lnternet services that will help you with powerful search tools that will look around the Net and quickly find your needle in the information haystack.

tN11-08 23 More free material online at LiveLingua Project 57) Based on the text, how is doing research on lnternet different from using a library? The task of lnternet researching than using a library. A) is easier B) is more tedious C) uses more dusty cards D) is more time-consuming

5S) How will a newsgroup keep people in relation to their field of interest? It will keep them their field of interest.

A) bored with B) updated on C) tied-up with D) spending short time on

59) According to the text, what should people do to research on lnternet? They should

A) use different techniques B) ask for library card catalogs C) go through dusty bookshelves D) spend all of their time and money

60) What is the best advantage to research on lnternet?

A) lt gives you supervision. B) Someone else does it for you. C) There are rules that protect you. D) Current information can be reached quickly.

61) What is the main characteristic of the lnternet service? The information is

A) limited B) relevant C) abundant D) given by reporters

tN11-08 24 More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text below.

AIBO

AIBO lArtificial lntelligence roBOt), triinslated from'Japanese \ as "partner", is one of several types of robotic pets designed \ and manufactured by Sony. There have been several different models, for users of all ages, since their ;d -\ introduction in 1999. AIBO is able to walk, "seei' its environment via camera, and recognize spoken # commands. lt is considered to be an autonpmous robot, since it is able to learn and mature based on external stimuli from its owner or environment, or from other AlBOs. Artist Hajime Sorayama created the initial designs for the AIBO. On Janua ry 26,2006 Sony announced that it would discontinue AIBO and several other products as of March, 2006. However, AIBO will still be supported until 2013, anO iis technology will continue to be developed and used in other consumer products. The Life AlBOware allows the robot to be raised from puf to fully g::1: adult'while going through various stages of development as its owner interacts with it. The Explorer AlBoware allows the owner to interact with a fully mature robot able to understand (though not necessarily willing to obey) 100 voice commands. Many AIBO owners enjoy teaching their pets new behaviors by reprogramming them. The AIBO has' been used as an inexpensive platform for artificial intelligence rdsearch because it integrates computer, vision system, and.articulators in a package vastly cheaper than conventional research robots. The RoboCup autonomous soccer competition has a "Sony Four-Legged Robot League" in which numerous institutions from around the world participate. Competitors program a team of AIBO robots to play autonomous robot soccer games against other competing teams. Adapted from vvv,rw.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al BA

Based on the previous information, choose the correct option to complete each sentence. (ltems 55 to 60)

55) AIBO is a(n)

A) robot just for adults B) toy just for children C) item for children and adults t $, D) pet that doesn't play with children

lN21-O9 ?3 More free material online at LiveLingua Project 56) This robotic dog

A) will be supported beyond 2013 B) can understand 100 languages C) was rRanufactured just for seven years D) is programmed to interact only with its owner

57) The Japanese word "AIBO" means " " in English. A) pet B) robot C) partner D) artificial intelligence

58) How long will AIBO be serviced? Until

A) 1999, B) 2006 c) 2008 D) 2013

:, 59) What is particular about these robotic pets? They

A) always follow a written program B) do not accept software modifications C) are more cbmplex than the usual test robots D) are used in studies on advanced artificial intelligence

60) What other entertainment.use was found for AIBO? As a(n)

A) computer B) arts design C) soccer player D) night vision system

tN21-09 24 More free material online at LiveLingua Project ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Homework Readings Science and Technology

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text. Choose the alternative that completes each sentence accordingly-

f;

57) lt was difficult for astronomers to discover the exterior ring of Ljranus because of

A) the ice layer that covers it B) the color of Enceladus C) the size of this planet D) its unexpected color

26

More free material online at LiveLingua Project 58) Uranus'outer ring

A) is gimilar to Saturn B) is called "Keck" C) has a moon D) is red ,

59) Both, Satum and Uranus have

A) an exterior ring with a moon B) rings with thick ice laYers C) two interior blue r'ngs D) exterior red rings

60) The exterior and interior rings of Uranus

A) were discovered by a Hawaiian university B) were discovered in two different moments C) are practically the same color D) have similar names

61) The text saYs that both, look very similar.

A) B) c) D)

More free material online at LiveLingua Project /r, ;'' -ead the text and choose the option that best answers each question.

"Ozone Hole May Disappearby 2050

According to a team of Japanese scientists,

MAX. the ozone hole over the Antarctic is likely to

begin contracting in the future, and may

disappear by 2050, becdtrse of a reduction in

the release of chlorofluor.ocarbons and other

ozone depleting gases. The findings are 'Qy based on a series of numerical simulations carried out Eiji Akiyoshi of the National

lnstitute for Environmental Studies, near Tokyo, using projected emissions of

chlorofluorocarbons and other gases blamed for the ozone hole. According to a report

posted on Friday on the lnstitute's Web Site, the hole is at its,largest now but is likely to

gradually start contracting around 2O2O and disappear by around 2050. The tearl's

findings are in line with research by other scientists. However, some of them have

suggested the hole won't heat until much later because old refrigerators and air-

conditioning sysfems. Many peopte in the United States and Canada are still releasing

ozone-killing chemicals, although both countries have stopped those chemicals in newer

products. Satellites and ground stations have been monitoring the ozone hole over the.

South Pole, since its discovery in the 1980s. Chlorofluorocarbon levels in the earth's

atmosphere have been declining, since the middle of 1990s due to international efforts to

reduce emissions.

lN11-07'12, 25

More free material online at LiveLingua Project 61) What is going to happen to the ozone hole over the Antarctic after 2O2O? the text, it is going to

I A) get bigger B) change its color C) decrease its size D) remain the same size

62) ln what year should the ozone hole disappear?

A) ln two thousand seven B) Near two thousand fifty C) Around two thousand eight D) Before two thousand twenty

63) What chemicals cause the hole to form in the ozone?

A) Chlorofluorocarbons B) Water in refrigerators C) Gases from bad foods D) Water in air-conditioners

64) Why has the hole reduced its size? Because

A) satellites closed the hole B) gas levels have increased C) people quit smoking cigarettes D) some international efforts have reduced emissions

65) How can people stop the destruction of the ozone layer?

A) Avoiding natural products B) Turning off the new refrigerators C) Turning on the old air condition systems D) Avoiding products that contain chemical items j"1 lN11-0712 26 lif,t tjgl &:! More free material online at LiveLingua Project :'

Read the text and choose tl;re correct option to answer each question according to it (ltems from 55 to 57)

MICROCHIPS 55)' What was.the first hit in the world of electronics?

A) The invention of siticon B) The creation of microchips Cj The develophent of mini- transistors . D) To make transistors of water ln 1960, the world of eleclronics saw . and silicon the first success in developing miniature transistors on the surface of a thin slice of silicon. As years 56) What is the importance of ROM , memory chips? passed, such mini{ransistors became 'microchips. They

Among the diffeient types of A) store information microchips are MEMORY, which B) turn off the power stores data, and PROCESSING, C) erase video games which works with the data. Of the two D) have random access basic memory chips, read-only memory (ROM) usually holds information that makes a device, such 57) What was the original objective of creating microchipi? as computers or video games, work properly. The other, random-access To use them in memory (RAM), can be erased or A) satellites added , to, and when the power is B) computers turned off it disappears.. RAM chips C) all moder.n televisions are used in computers and D) programmable calculators program.mable calculators, so they can I store a lot of data for brief periods.

Now microchips are hidden away in almost all modern electrical equipment, from televisions and cars to the satellites for whiclr the chips were first developed.

tN41-10 22

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Smartphones First sold in 1993, smartphones today are incredibly common in the developed and developing world. A smartphone is a mobile phone that offers more advanced computing and better connection than a normal, or traditional mobile phone. This can include a camera, Internet browser, music player, video player, video games, and office software like word processing and email organization. Most smartphones use an operating system just like a computer. Currently, about 20% of all mobile phones sold in the United States are smartphones. The first smartphone was the IBM Simon, and was sold by the American telecommunications company BellSouth. By 2001, a smartphone made by Palm was the first smartphone to be widely used in the United States. The next year, the first Blackberry was released, which is a smartphone made especially for wireless email. Blackberry was one of the most popular smartphones for many years, especially with business people. In 2007 Nokia released the N95, which was very popular because it featured many things that consumers wanted all in one phone: camera, GPS, and the ability to connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi or the 3G network. That same year, Apple introduced the first iPhone, which was more expensive than similar phones, but was also very popular because its Internet browser was said to be better than that of other smartphones. Due to competition, the past few years have seen much advancement in the operating systems of smartphones. These advancements have now made it possible to browse the Web, listen to the radio, take videos, create documents, play video games, and even watch TV, right from a mobile phone.

1. Smartphones aren’t common in rich countries. True False

2. Nokia made the first smartphone. True False

3. The Blackberry smartphone was popular with business people. True False

4. The first smartphone was called the ______

5. The iPhone was popular because of its ______

6. Which company made the first smartphone widely used in the United States: a. Nokia b. IBM c. Apple d. Palm

7. The Nokia N95 was popular because of its: a. better Internet browser b. new video games c. combined features d. wireless email

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Google So popular is the World Wide Web search engine Google that the word ‘google’ is now in the dictionary as a verb meaning “to use an Internet search engine”. The Google search engine is the main product of Google Inc. an American corporation formed in 1998. The company was formed by two PhD students at Stanford University. The two students, Sergey Brin and Larry Page were studying computer science and became friends over their interest of developing search engines and organizing information on computers. They began to put together computer systems in their rooms; when they no longer had enough room, they moved their systems into a rented garage. As their search engine project grew, the two men stopped their PhD studies and worked full time on the project. The website began in 1997 as a basic search engine. Because its search engine often brought better results than other websites, Google grew very rapidly during the early 2000s. It is now one of the most famous websites in the world, and google.com, the American version of the website, is the most visited website in the world. Google is by far the most popular search engine on the Internet. Google also owns many other websites, like Gmail, YouTube, Blogger, and Orkut. It also has developed software programs for computers and mobile phones. Google earns most of its money through Internet advertisements. Google is considered by some business experts to be the most valuable brand in the world.

1. The word ‘google’ is now considered a verb. True False

2. Brin and Page completed their PhDs. True False

3. The Google brand is considered to be very valuable. True False

4. Google Inc. owns which of the following websites: a. Facebook b. Hotmail c. Blogger d. Mapquest

5. Google’s growth was: a. slow b. steady c. fast d. normal

6. How does Google earn most of its money? ______

7. When was the Google website launched? ______

More free material online at LiveLingua Project

Robots develop language to 'talk' to each other The research project lets robots generate random sounds for the places they visit in both simulations and a real office. The "words" are shared and the robots play games to establish which sound represents which location. The set of “words” has proved so advanced that it can be used to help robots find places other robots direct them to. “The machines are being allowed to generate their own words because human language is so loaded with information that robots found it hard to understand,” said project leader Dr. Ruth Schulz from the University of Queensland. "Robot-robot languages take the human out of the loop," she said. "This is important because the robots demonstrate that they understand the meaning of the words that they invent independent of humans." One set of the trials with the robots sees wheeled robots fitted with a camera, laser-range finder, and sonar used to map their world - roaming around at an office at the University. The robots also have a microphone and speakers onboard so they can communicate with each other. The wheeled robots travel about and, when they reach a place that does not have a name, they generate a random combination of syllables that represent that place. When that robot meets another robot it tells it about the places it has been. Slowly, as the robots travel and talk, they narrow down their list of place names until a mutual term is selected, and an oral map of their world has been generated. The robots generated place names such as "kuzo", "jaro" and "fexo". Each piece of territory was typically a couple of meters in diameter, said Dr. Shulz. This enabled the names to be used as rough distance measures and allowed the robots to play other games that communicate distance, travel time and direction. Some games involve swapping sounds but others, such as the "go-to-game" involve the robots trying to meet up at a distant location. “The power of the language being created by the robots was starting to become apparent,” said Dr Schulz. "They enable the robots to refer to places they haven't been or even places that they imagine beyond the edges of their explored world," she said. (adapted from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-13510988)

1. What do the robots use to talk to each other? ______

2. Why is the human language hard to understand for robots? ______

3. What is the name of the research project’s leader? ______

4. Where is this research project being conducted? ______

5. What is one of the two special things that the language has allowed the robots to do? ______

6. The robots have developed the following names for locations, except: a. pero b. kuzo c. fexo d. jaro

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Read the text. Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

Alvaro Solano and Lisbeth Vindas are two Costa Rican surfers. Both took first place

in their respective competitive categories in the opening weekend of the Circuito

Anual Nacional de Surf 2OO4-5 in Playa Esterillos on the Central Pacific Coast. The

"Grahd Prix Mango Esterillos" kicked off the fifth year of the competition with more

than 120 participants. The weather conditions were perfect - sunny, no rain or clouds,

and the waves were great' even at dead low tide. Lisbeth Vindas said," Esterillos is

my favorite wave", which perhaps explains her confident and outstanding

performance during the circuit opening weekend. She ended first in the women's

category.

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2 l l

{ !i: *,. More free material online at LiveLingua Project 1) The texi talks about A) 204 surfers B) favorite waves C) a surf competition D) weather conditions

2) , Alvaro and Llsbeth€oFrlret€d,h[ ' ;+'.: .., .. . A) different sports' ' ,. :' . B) different catry$es C) the sarne egolies " .' ,, , ',: D) the women's catBgory

3) This was the ,":j

A) 3"1 B) sth c) 15th D) 3on'

4l According to the reading, weaiher is perfect for this sport. A) dry B) wet C) rainy D) cloudy

5) This surf competition takes place in Esterillos-. A) yearly B) weekly C) monthly D) twice a year

3

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text and choose the conect alternative to complete each statement.

#

12\ According to the article, Costa Rica's meals are

A) spicy and greasy : B) baked and tasty C) greasy and light' D) spicy and bland

6

More free material online at LiveLingua Project 13) ln Costa Rica, is the product people use the most to prepare dlfferent dishes.

A) rice B) tomato C) plantain D) cabbage

. 14) The article says that in one "Casado"you find 'i ' A) no meat at all : B) salad and meat C) different types of rice D) nothing but beans and salad

15) Read the information below-

1. Their prices vary a lot' 2. They share similar ingredients. 3. Both of them always contain tuna fish. 4. They are served at the same meaftime.

"Casado"'and Only sentences number talk about charecteristics that both, "Plato del DIa" have in common. A) 1and2 B) 2and3 C) 3and4 D) 4 antd 2,

7

More free material online at LiveLingua Project "t

Read tfre r6cipe and choose the altematives that complete the sentences conectly-

:

INGREDIENTS: 2 tablesPoons margarine orbutter 1 garlic clove, crushed with garlic press % stp ftesh bread crumbs 'A qtbbosely packed fresh parsley or basil leaves, chopped Yt cup grated Parmesan cheese % teaspoon salt % teaspoon ground black PePPer 2 ripe iarg" iomatoes cored and cut crosswise in half

pan or r Arrange oven rack in upper third of oven. Preheat oven to 200 "C. Une broiling cpokie sheet with foil- or until r ln 1g-inch skillet, melt margarine over medium heat. Add garlic and-cook 1 minute rrgi"nt, iti.ring.' Remove it

18) To prepare this recipe you need both a

A) pan and a blender B) skillet and an oven c) broiling pan and a mlxer D) l Ginch oven rack and a mixer

I More free material online at LiveLingua Project 1ei Before preheating the oven, you have to

A) remove the skillet from heat B) melt margarine in a skillet C) arrange the oven rack D) stir bread crumbs

20) According to the text, during the preparation, you need to chop certain ingredients.

A) oven racks B) a grater C) a press D) a knife

From the affirmations above, only number_ is correct. A)1 B)2 c)3 D)4

9 More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text. Choose the altemative to answer the questions. *,1"

The Museum of Costa Rican Art celebrated its 25th anniversary in the historic building on the east side of Sabana Park. The neocolonial building originally housed Costa Rica's first international airport until the early 197Cs. The governmeht preserved the old terminal, and in 1977 the art museum moved in. The many rooms that branch off the main galiery sene to highlight different artists, forming constantly changing exhibits. Curently the museum is exhibiting "Landmarks in Costa Rican Art', which is a great opportunity to view Costa Rica through the eyes and palettes of world- famous artists. Francisco Z0friga's forceful sculpture sits near Max Jimenez's and Francisco Amighetti's prints.

10) Where was the 25th anniversary 11) What was the Museum of Art celebrated? ln before? A(n)

A) rooms and galleries of a museum A) government house B) Francisco Zriftiga's gallery B) artists'residence . C) an international airport C) gallery D) a neocolonial park D) airport

121 Who is Francisco Z$fiiga? 13) Whafs the museum exhibiting He's ' now?

.A) an important sculpture A) Max's prints B) the museum illustrator B) Z0friga's paintings c) the museum manager C) Jim6nez'scqlptures D) an important sculptor D) Amighetti's sculptures

6 More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read'thetext.Choosethebestalternativetocompleteeachsentenl.

during mealtime. 19) Parents should A) establish flexible schedules B) forbid the use of PlaYthings C) make telePhone calls D) do schooljobs

20) The article recommends parents to A) avoid b-alanceO me]1 B) vary the waY of cooking C) serve fruits occasionally of chips D) reinforce the consumption I

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text below and choose the best alternative to answer each question. Cr,anksgrvrn7t

Probably the most American of all holidays celebrated in the united states is Thanksgiving. It is not a religious holiday, not a patriotic one, but simpry 0", * doing something we forget to do, to "thank " :oT:t'r"s say you" for the most *"r0"* ;;;,j,,r;;;t""' It all began in the 16th century, when a group of protest"nt, ;;a in North America'from Europe, looking ".1"a "',n*, for a place where they could nno ,"ligi"", ,*"0"r. t-n:u had a very rough winter and thanks to ) the help of the native lndian tribes half of them could survive the weather- ln spring they planted crops and learneil"o""* the new continent from the rndians as they introduced th" pibr;, ;; and Ed:"': :-*ol': turkev- burins the rarl, the pirgrims ,"r:::dt"""ff lTl prepared for winter. They were so gratefur for the herp they nao receirlo from rhe rndians that they m decided to prepare ;",;;;. onnl, *,,n the new foods and hord a cerebration. They invited the rndians to the celebration to say "thanks". Today, Thanksgiving has turned into a family holiday and people eat roast turkey, cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie.

21) How do peopte define Thanksgiving nowadays? As a(n) holiday A) religious B) patriotic C) tndian D) famity

22) What is the aim of this celebration? To A) show gratitude e) help lndian tribes C) .find religious freedom ,,thank D) forget to say you,,

10

More free material online at LiveLingua Project 2g) What did Pilgrims learn from native lndians? They leamed

A) about foods corn and pumpkin like B) about the 16h century Protestanls C) how to anive in North America D) how to survivg in EuroPe

24)WhydidmanyPilgrimsdieduringthefirstwinter? Because theY

) B) ate PumPkin and turkeY C) were native lndian tribes D) faced tenible weather conditions

25) what did Pilgrims do to thank th.e lndians for their help? They A) prepared delicious dishes and a party B) created a patriotic simple holiday C) harvested during wirlter D) went back to EuroPe

26;) What did the Pilgrims do after their first winter? They

A) forgot to saY thanks B) grew foods for the next winter the celebration into religious holiday C) turned 1 D) gave the Protestants pumpkin pie and roast turkey

11

More free material online at LiveLingua Project ffie Inglis L / Bachillerato por Madurez Saficiente ,

SELECTION 70 ITEMS Read the text-

Gosta Rican Athletes in a Ghoose the appropriate alternative to Regional Championship complete each sentence based on the previouslext. The 22nd Central American and Garibbehn Track and Field 1) Nery Brenes is Ghampionship was held in Cuba from Friday July 3rd to Sunday July Sth, 2009. Costa Rica was 4 an outstanding Costa Rican represented by a total of fifteen athlete athletes in which Nery Brenes an important organizer of the took part. The Costa Rican 0 event athletes traveled with the an outstanding Cuban sprinter renowned trainer Walter Salazar 4 to Habana, Cuba. Thirty-five DJ a renowned international trainer athletes from Central American and Caribbean countries 2't Cuba was in charge bf competed at this event making it a top level competition. From Costa Rica, the.most ouistahding hosting the event athlete,was sprinter (a perso-n & who takes part in short distance v) training the athletes races) Nery Brenes who has organizing the next Olympics gradually and steadily c) made a organizing name for himself within the 23rd edition of track and the championship field. Brenes received instant D fame in Costa Rica when'he was able to easily classify for the 3) Participants came from Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics.

Adapted from the lnternet A) Central America and Caribbean countries B) Beijing, Costa Rica and Cuba e) Cuba an{ Costa,Rica only q all over Latin America

{}t}tT=il:

"Nature rb a blessing. Let s protect it!. More free material online at LiveLingua Project aa rnets Inglds L / Bachillerato por Madurez Safi'ciente

Read the text

THEATER As a nation of passionate theater lovers, Costa Rica..supports a successful acting community, ln fact, Costa Rica supposedly has more theater companids per.capitl than any other country in-.the-world' The early dramatic productions were inspired by.tl: Argentinean of. the anO""uniw'" Ctrilean piaywiights ind actors who settled here. at the turp century, when Otaml was estatilished as part of the standard school curriculum. ih; ;tr*ts of Sari Jos6 are full of tiny theaters, everything from comedy and puppet theater' crowds ;';r;;;, itr""i"i-in-the-round, mime, -eugn get togeih"r eu"ry night Tuesday through Sunday. Pgrfolma-nces are ":9ry The ii"Ol-tii"antty in'Spa-nish, although- Ferfgry. in. English. English-sp"afting Littie Theater Group is the Costa.Rica's ojdest theatrical lt p"rtonns mainl! at the C9ntr.9 Eugene O'Neill .Cultural'1prices are so cheap Theater"otp"ny. i good place to enioy and learn English' The n"ip"opl6 couiO go to enloy a play once a week for the same cost as a ;ft[-d"adway pioduction. Tne tico Timeg apd Gosta F.ic? T-odav offer coriplete listings of current proOuEiions-nd whether a play is in Spanish or English. /

Adapted from http://cehtralamerica.com

Based on the previous text, choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence 8) According to the text, Costa Ricans ft) never go to the theater $) avoid going to the theater il Prefer comedies in English D) enjoY the theater very much

9) Dramatists from Argentina

founded Eugene O'Neil Theater performed at the Centro Cultural performed in the streets of San Josti

$ Rican theater producers t inspired Costa ..**s. .;+r\ .==-.= L*== ! + D i i{=sL**\s=;...'--.

"Nature is a blessmg. Lett protect it!" More free material online at LiveLingua Project a.,t-, *cF Inglis L / Bachillerato por Madurez SuJicientc

i 10) Costa Ricans can enjoy in the streets of San Jos6. s.l large theater groups a Broadway production E mime and puppet theater D) the theater in three languages

11) To enjoy a performance of the Little Theater Group, peciple fr} need to pay a lot of money 6) don't have to pay anything o) don't need to pay too much E have to get expensive tickets

' 12) People can get information about all the theater performances in Costa Rica. i, a ,: at standard schools $ I $ in some newspapers ' ? A at the Centro Cultural b) in all the streets in San Jos6

****

uNature rb a blessing. Let's protect it!' More free material online at LiveLingua Project ffiep Ingtds L / Bachillerato por Madurez Suficientc

Read the texts. Choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence

The shiny weather turns white skin into a "marvelousn' tone of bronzed skin.

13) The svno4,vm of the word "inarvelous" is'1 ft) bad 6; awful. l/l..'\ terrible "d) wonderful

It was foggy. People couldn't see anything while they were driving in the "large" citY.

14) The synonym of the word "large" is "

A} big fr tiny d long small b)

15) The underlined woqds are A) antonyms d;:TJJ:;'.. o{ hornoihones vtr t*R*

'! Nature is a blessing.' Le!'s protect it! " More free material online at LiveLingua Project ffiep ' Inglds L / Bachillerato por Madurez Sujicientq '/ Read the information. Ghoose the appropriate atternatiVe to complete each' sentence

I have a lot of friends, but just a few of them are my real friends.

16) A linking word in the previous sentence iS "

fr) but rd) them rt a few t) a lot of

Are your friends coming tonighlpg are they coming tomorrow night?

ri 17) The underlined word functions a$l' i' i'l i a linking word iilr {ft) it, a homoPhone' ii 6) jl an antonym ii C) ir a svnonym ll D) i

18) The root of the word "cleanliness" is . fr) cl€anline . e) Cleanlin c\ clean u1 NESS. ii'

I #*g* More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text and choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

14) La Casa de Dofia Lela is a DO YOU WANT TO ENJOY EATING OUTSIDE? A) vegetarian restaurant "La Casa de Doffa Lela" offers You B) sea food restaurant in its four the most varied typical food C) typical restaurant locatipns around San Jos6. Main courses are served on wooden D) fruit market platters covered with banana leaves. Troops of waiters serve portions of food of all shapes and sizes to large family gatherings, most consisting of three generations. High chairs are 15) Banana leaves are used to provided for the tots, and a sPecial kiddies' menu is available and served with a variety of trimmings. However, A) serve alcohol there is no seafood on the menu. All B) cover plafters rice, refried main courses come with C) serye seafood beans, tortillas, fried sweet plantain, picadillo (diced potatoes or D) provide the tots vegetables, or a mixture of both). The restaurant is not licensed to serve alcohol (beers, wine, rums, etc.), but offers a selection of non-alcoholic beverages such as: horchata, fresh 16) The menu of this restaurant fruit drinks, agua dulce, etc.

A) includes seafood B) includes vegetables C) doesn't include drinks D) doesn't include food for kids

17) At Dofia Lela's restaurant, it is not allowed to sell

A) alcohol B) picadillos C) agua dulce D) refried beans

7

More free material online at LiveLingua Project that compretes each sentence correctly' Read the recipe and choose the arternative

16). You add the onion after You A) mix lime iuice with other ingredients'' greens B) serve the mixture on top of C) toss all the ingredients D) serve the main dishes

you need 17) While you are preparing this recipe' A) no spoons

B) four dishes .' , C) two different bowls I i D) two bowls of the same sizerxt:;

for this recipe are 1B) Two different vegetables required A) broccoli and shelled shrimP B) watercress and celery C) carrots and cabbage D) cucumber and onion

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text. Choose the correct alternative to complete each sentence (19 and 20).

COMPARING EATING HABIT$

The main difference between Chinese and western eating habit is that unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. lf you are being treated by a Chinese host be prepared for a wide variety of dishes. Chinese are very proud of their culture of ,cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. Sometimes the Chinese host uses their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate; this is a sign of politeness. The appropriate thing to do would be to eat it and say how yummy it is. lf you feel uncomfortable with this, you can just say a polite thank you and leave the food there. Don't stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. lnstead, lay them on your dish. The reason for this is that when somebody dies, the shrine to them contains a bowl of sand or rice with two sticks of incense stuck upright in it. So if you stick your chopsticks in the rice bowl, it looks like this shrine and is equivalent to wishing death upon a person at the table!

19) Chinese people

A) are very proud of their, gastronomic culture g) Oistite to have a variety of food on the table C) have problems showing the use of their utensils 1) like to put the chopsticks upright in the rice bowls

20) According to the writer, a sign of Chinese hosts' politeness is when they

A") ask guests to sit down B) serve guests their beverages keep an enjoyable conversation with their guests 0 put food in the guest'bowl s) with their own chopstick

lN?1-nR More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text. Choose the correct option that answers each question 1)t,zs and 26).

VALENTINE'S DAY 24) Who celebrates the Valentine's ON FEBRUARY 14TH Day in the current days? Valentine's Day is the'sweethearts Ong happy lovers day when people in love express their ftl All engaged couples affection'for each other in happy and 6) e) Many people of any age merry ways. This celebration is a well '\ Just old friends and known and celebrated day in most 0l countries around the world. ""ou"intances It is a ddy for fantasy and .fuq, and for emotions of love and confession of tender 25) According to the writer, why do friendship. The affectionate rnessages people celebrate the Valentine's might be carried by b heart-shaped box Day? People celebrate the Valentine's mostly than a rectangular box that may be Day to full of fancy chocolate candies, or by a bouquet of tulips tied with red ribbons,- lt A} write poems about gifts might be delicately written on a flower s) visit their older relatives buy presents for themselves covered card or stated in a modern t, show their friendship and love manner. Then again, under a red 0 wrapping, a young wife or sweetheart might find a book of poems, or a tiny porcelain vase. But in whatever form, the 26) According to the reading, where people r'Will do celebrate the Valentine's message is the same: you be my Day? Valentine?" Valentines used to be ln public institutions reserved for young lovers, but nowadays ftl all At any people's offices grandparents, parents, cousins, and b) Just in Costa Rican towns friends of any age take the occasion to fr) ln most cities and towns of the express their affection through a small gift q world or card than can be found at many stores, bookshops and newsstands.

tN21-08 1r| More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text. Choose the correct option to answer each question (27,28,29 and 30).

BIODIVER,SITY IN COSTA RICA

Biodiversity is a resource with enormous potential, both for intellectual and economlc purposes and as an instrument for a country's development. The tropical zones of the American continent, where Costa Rica is located,- contain a greater divdrsity of species and ecosystems, as well as a broader range of interactions, compared with other tropical regions of the world. Withra.tand alea of only 51.100 km2 10.OSYo of the planet's surface) and 589.000 km2 of territorial waters, Costa Rica is one of the 20 countries with greatest biodiversity in the world. The institution in charge of the task of administering Costa Rica's biodiversity is the Ministry of the Environment and Energy (MINAE), and more specifically to the ,National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC), which is responsible for the conservation and strstainable use of the country's biodiversity. A little over 25Vo of the country's territory is under"some category of protection, anci this percentage is increasing thanks to the support of the private sector, which has created many private reserves dedicated mainly to Fcotorrrislrl-iRd research. Thiq is a conservation effort that few countries in the world have undertaken and in which Costa Rica has invested substantia! resources I for the well-being of present and furture generations.

27\ Who is responsible for monitoring Costa Rica's biodiversity?

The Ministry of Education The National Park Rangers and Guards Some people who live in biodiversity areas The National System of Conservation Areas

More free material online at LiveLingua Project 28) What percentage of the country is under biodiversity protection? The quantity of territory,under protection is percent.

just four twenty fiv.e more than fif.ty less than twelve

29) Who sponsors the funds for ecotourism and research?

private sector Ministry of Education public municipal offices National System of Conservation Areas

30) Why have most Costa Ricans invested in environmental conservation? Because they want to

become very rich people use a lot of animal species preserve the land for future generations have the weakest biodiversity protection

rN21-08 12 More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text and choose the appropriate option to complete each statement according to it. (ltems from 37 to 39) 37) Touiism produces in Canada.

A) snowfall B) rnajor benefits C) economical loss D) natural resources

9" 38)" ln Cana'db, ' tourists 'are gener.ally attrqcted by

A) low prices B) nice beaches C) souvenir shops D) local celebrations

39) Canadians to supp-ort tourism.

A) make use of their fishing areas B) 'take advantage of their rurron, C) offer low prices in skiing centers D) recommend visits to close islands

The Calgary Exhibition Sfampede r's a Can adia n Weste rn-t i ke festiv at

lN11-09 16 More free material online at LiveLingua Project Rebd the text below.

GHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS)"

There are many symptoms that might show that someone is srrffering from a Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), Some of these symptoms are feeling tired for a long time, doing less than half of what used to be done, sore throat and unexplained sore muscles, short-term memory or loss of concentration, among others. ': No one is certain about what causes CFS' Researchers are still looking for the main origin of thls health problem, but'they have concluded that the symptoms may be caused by an immune system that is not working well, or by some kind of virus.

The first step to be sure that someone suffers from CFS is to find out if there is a medical cause. Doctors will probably want to review symptoms and medical history, and ask for a physical exam. The person who suffers from CFS should try to:

> Keep up some level of activity and exercise, both can help body and mind. This syndrome is something people can overcome with some medical attention, but basically, by keeping an eye on any unusual emotional or physical change.

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence. (ltems from 40 to aa)

40) One symptom of Cfrronic Fatigue Syndrome is

A) chronic insomnia B) frequent tiredness C) an acute headache D) good concentration

1 1N41.10 15 ;i More free material online at LiveLingua Project 1.1 ' r:.J is a possible cauSe

':'..,

to diagnose a patient with the CFS"

' i^'; il i i.

. I.

Sriyndrome reguires

A)l personal support B)' iihe system c) D)

44) People w.ho,,suffer from CFS should have to treat this syndrome.

r .: A) physical activity B) shorl-terrn memory C) loss of concentration D) anger and irustratlon

tN41-10 1.6

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Fead the text below. choose the:appropriate arternative to complete each se ntence. (ltems (.rom 40 to 43)

40) The text explains how most Costa Ricans are proud of their

A) democratic lifestyle B) judicial system C) habeas corpus D) army

41) Democratic principl:l* guarantee that all towns have Democracy means that even the smallest town in the country has the right to have A) airports electricity, potable water, and public or B) coffee planters public private telephones., C) basic services D) more police officers than National pride staried with the historical teachers crigins of democracy. Juan Mora F-ern6ndez (182Q instituted a fair.judicial 42) Juan Mora Ferndndez established for all Ticos. :system, the iirst .newspaper, free public education, and free land grants for coffee A) private banks lclanters. B) potable water C) freedom of speech -The 1949. Constitution guarantees citizens D) open access to education as well as.foreigners basic rights: the right I f o own, the right to petition and assembly. 43) The 1949 Constitution gtr-;arantees certain rights {he right to habeas corpus, and freedom of to _ ___. speech A) just foreigners Adapted from "Democracv', by Info Costa Rica Travel B) Ticos and {oreigiters sta if http ://infocosta rica. com/generalldemocracy. html. C) certainCentralAmericans D) Costa Ricans but not foreigners

lNr 1-OgT 1A More free material online at LiveLingua Project Based on the lext below, choose the appropriate arternative that compretes (ltems from 52 to 5a) gach sentence.

COMPUTER NETWORI( One ADMINISTRATCIfT 52) of the reguirements for the job is to be able to Z. & F. lnternational seeks an experienced computer technician A) speak English B) maintain the traffic for maintenance, adrninistration cf C) help alt old technicians lnternet servers and service D) surf the internet to become an customer vrorkstations. expert . Must have experience with lligh traffic, mission critical seryers. . Must be available 24 hours, 7 days 53) The applicant has to be available to work a week (for emergency response).

. Windows NT server expei'ience is A) 24 weeks a MUST. B)' 7 hoursaweek C) 24 emergency days . Linux experience is desirecJ. but D) at any time of the week not required.

. English speaking is a MUST.

La Aurora, Heredia. 54) The applicant is required to work with Send r6sum6 to [email protected] A) administrators B) standard traffic C) Windows NT server D) any type of technicians

lN3: " ^^- More free material online at LiveLingua Project Based on the text below, choose the appropriate' option to complete each statement. (ltems from 55 to 60)

IPHONE

The lPhone is a multidredia and lnternet-enabled mobile phone designed and sold by Apple lnc. at a higher price than ordinary mobile models. The lPhone's functions include those oJ a camera phone and a multimedia player. lt also offers lnternet services including e'mail, text messaging, web browsing and visual voicemail. .User input is accomplished via a multi-touch screen with virtual keyboard and buttons. The lPhone became availabte in 2007 in the United States. from Apple retail stores for a .contracted price of US$499 for the 4 GB modeland US$599 for the B GB model. Apple released a video explaining many of the lPhone's features through a series of eye popping demonstrations.

FEATURES: The first generation lPhone introduces some features like:

Touch screen: The 3.5 inches liquid crystat display touch screen topped with optical-quality glass is specifically created for use ryith one, or multiple fingers for multi-touch sensing. However, because the screen-is a capacitive touch screen, no stylus is needed, nor can one be used. So, the requirement for bare skin to be used caused concerns for users in areas with winter climates; gloves worn would then have to be removed to use the touchpad.

Gamera: The lPhone features a built-in photographic camera located on the back, with no video functions. lt also includes a program that allows the user to upload, view, and g-rnail thousands of photographs.

MultimeCia: The lPhone can sort its media library by songs, artists, albums, videos, playlists, genres, composers, podcasts, audio-books, and compilations.

Bafterv: The lPhone features a built-in rechargeable battery, but it is not intended to be user-replaceable. Once the battery reaches the end of its life time, the phone will need to be returned to Apple and replaced for a fee.

Adapted from,www : e n. wi ki p ed i a. o rg/l P h o n e

55) The article is about the newest technology regarding

A) cameraS B) a cellular, phone C) voicemail receivers D) a multimedia keyboard tN11-09 23 More free material online at LiveLingua Project 56) When using this,device you have to use on the touch screen. : A) gloves 'B) : , mittens C) . the stylus D) your fingers

: 57) The multiniedia.section of th.e lPhone is primarily used to organize and reprqduce

A) music B) e-mails

C) pictures i D) voicemails

58) With the incorpoiated camera,'you can send pictures to your

A) multimedia B) voicemail C) battery D) e-mail

59) The price of the new lPhones are a regular cel! phone.

'A) cheaper than B) .the same price as C) not as expensive as D) much more expensive than

. 60) Some limitations in the features of the first lPhone are in the

A) screen, the battery and the camera B) multimedia and the factory service C)' price and the photographs D) lnternet service

tN11-09 24 More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text below.

. COSTARICANS'SOLIDARITY The generosity that the people of Costa Rica have showed during the past emergencies demonstrates the strong values"inherent in qur culture. Despite strong winds and cold weather, both young and old. people have arrived at the Red'Cross parts collection centers to drop off their contributions to help people from differen! of the country as a symbol of solidarity. Anoth,er lesson of solidarity has been shown by children throughout the country. They have donated the contents of their piggy banks to buy equipment for the disabled and sick children from different spots of the country. It is heart-warming to see the solidarity of all Costa Ricans in times of national emergencies. This means that this value is still in each Costa Rican home and it improves the quality of life. However, Costa Ricans must recover and reinforce other national key values such as respect, justice, peace and love to avoid the Jeterioration of society due to external influences by different means' ln that sense, it is a must that adults try to transmit generation through generation their .ancestors' values. ln fact, all Costa Ricans must not forget the national ancestors' great decisions when they eliminated the army, chose neutrality, and strengthened education in the past.

Adapted by Sonia Mora and others

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate option to answer each question? (ltems from 61 to 65)

61) Why is people's generosity important?. Because it

A) reinforceshumans'sufferings C) helps to increase emergencies B) contributes to others' indifferences D) improves humanitarian relationships

.: i ,] I tN41-10 25 -,,* i{ n More free material online at LiveLingua Project 62) What did old people do after the last emergency : They,helped -

, A) , in spite of the bad weather

1, ., 't C) facing hot weather J1 ' :fl-'t "'if D) only their relatives

. ). i Ji ,l.

6.31 How did the Red Cross work? By t A) buying milk B) giving people some lessons C) distributing people's contributions D) taking good care of the sirong winds , i

i: ;t : ..

64) what is it stated about the abolition of the army in costa Rica? It has been

A) a lesson taught by children " B) an example. of Ticqs' vatues C) a way to show people's ancestors D) a demonstration of national civil war

65) How rnust Costa Rican ctrildren grow up?

A) Sunounded byweapons B) Conserving external beliefs C) Rejecting their parents'values D) Followingtheirancestois'values

tN41-10 26

More free material online at LiveLingua Project Read the text below. Choose the appropriate alternative'ttrat completes each sentence. (ltems from 66 to 70) 66) E-mail is a waY to send over the comPuter. WHAT IS E-MAIL? A) letters E-mail is a shortened version B) qhecks of the words "eleictronic" and C) individuals "mail". lt can .as.s D) comPuter Programs be considered @* the electronic r. I version of a ir."') *\ letter sent over 67) "Outlook" is a very well-known the computer. A) letter E-mail is one of the most e-mail used and poputar services on B) the lnternet. lt enables C) internet service rnessages to be transferred D) comPuter Program from an individual to another or from an individual to a group of people. 68) You can send by e-mail.

Documents (audio, video, A) cash pictures, etc.) €n be images attached and sent with the e- B) mail messages. E-mails can C) outlook be sent and viewed in various D) individuals' ways, depending on the client applications used.' Some common programs include 69) ln order to read e-mails, you have ,o "Outlook", "Egdora", and - "Apple mail". A) view the reciPient -. to the lnternet E-mails can be sent and B) connect viewed anywhere in the C) be considered electronic world.' Recipients can check D) call the recipient over the phone their "inbox" (where e-mails are stored) at any time theY connect to the lnternet. 70) You can check your electronic mailbox from with lnternet access.

A) any comPuter B) the Outlook store C) a group of PeoPle D) your own PC onlY

27 More free material online at LiveLingua Project ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Answer Key Worksheets

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