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ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000). -
Building-Up of a DNA Barcode Library for True Bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Germany Reveals Taxonomic Uncertainties and Surprises
Building-Up of a DNA Barcode Library for True Bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Germany Reveals Taxonomic Uncertainties and Surprises Michael J. Raupach1*, Lars Hendrich2*, Stefan M. Ku¨ chler3, Fabian Deister1,Je´rome Morinie`re4, Martin M. Gossner5 1 Molecular Taxonomy of Marine Organisms, German Center of Marine Biodiversity (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, Wilhelmshaven, Germany, 2 Sektion Insecta varia, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB – ZSM), Mu¨nchen, Germany, 3 Department of Animal Ecology II, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, 4 Taxonomic coordinator – Barcoding Fauna Bavarica, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB – ZSM), Mu¨nchen, Germany, 5 Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universita¨tMu¨nchen, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Abstract During the last few years, DNA barcoding has become an efficient method for the identification of species. In the case of insects, most published DNA barcoding studies focus on species of the Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Hymenoptera and especially Lepidoptera. In this study we test the efficiency of DNA barcoding for true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), an ecological and economical highly important as well as morphologically diverse insect taxon. As part of our study we analyzed DNA barcodes for 1742 specimens of 457 species, comprising 39 families of the Heteroptera. We found low nucleotide distances with a minimum pairwise K2P distance ,2.2% within 21 species pairs (39 species). For ten of these species pairs (18 species), minimum pairwise distances were zero. In contrast to this, deep intraspecific sequence divergences with maximum pairwise distances .2.2% were detected for 16 traditionally recognized and valid species. With a successful identification rate of 91.5% (418 species) our study emphasizes the use of DNA barcodes for the identification of true bugs and represents an important step in building-up a comprehensive barcode library for true bugs in Germany and Central Europe as well. -
Autumn 2011 Newsletter of the UK Heteroptera Recording Schemes 2Nd Series
Issue 17/18 v.1.1 Het News Autumn 2011 Newsletter of the UK Heteroptera Recording Schemes 2nd Series Circulation: An informal email newsletter circulated periodically to those interested in Heteroptera. Copyright: Text & drawings © 2011 Authors Photographs © 2011 Photographers Citation: Het News, 2nd Series, no.17/18, Spring/Autumn 2011 Editors: Our apologies for the belated publication of this year's issues, we hope that the record 30 pages in this combined issue are some compensation! Sheila Brooke: 18 Park Hill Toddington Dunstable Beds LU5 6AW — [email protected] Bernard Nau: 15 Park Hill Toddington Dunstable Beds LU5 6AW — [email protected] CONTENTS NOTICES: SOME LITERATURE ABSTRACTS ........................................... 16 Lookout for the Pondweed leafhopper ............................................................. 6 SPECIES NOTES. ................................................................18-20 Watch out for Oxycarenus lavaterae IN BRITAIN ...........................................15 Ranatra linearis, Corixa affinis, Notonecta glauca, Macrolophus spp., Contributions for next issue .................................................................................15 Conostethus venustus, Aphanus rolandri, Reduvius personatus, First incursion into Britain of Aloea australis ..................................................17 Elasmucha ferrugata Events for heteropterists .......................................................................................20 AROUND THE BRITISH ISLES............................................21-22 -
And Raglius Alboacuminatus (Goeze, 1778), and a Range Extension for a Third Species, Rhyparochromus Vulgaris (Schilling, 1829) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
!74 J. ENTOMOL. SOC. BRIT. COLUMBIA 113, DECEMBER 2016 NATURAL HISTORY AND OBSERVATIONS First Canadian records for two invasive seed-feeding bugs, Arocatus melanocephalus (Fabricius, 1798) and Raglius alboacuminatus (Goeze, 1778), and a range extension for a third species, Rhyparochromus vulgaris (Schilling, 1829) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) SUSANNA ACHEAMPONG1, WARD B. STRONG2, MICHAEL D. SCHWARTZ3, ROBERT J. HIGGINS4, MOLLY A.THURSTON5, EMMA J. WALKER6, AND J. ROBERTS7 New invasive insect species affect agriculture, the environment, landscapes, and homeowners. Invasive species are difficult and challenging to manage due to limited availability of direct control products or other management strategies. Nuisance insect outbreaks can have negative impacts on homeowners and businesses; if they reach high densities, they can cause anxiety and discomfort and additional management costs. We report here the first records from Canada for two new invasive pests, Arocatus melanocephalus and Raglius alboacuminatus, and provide a range extension for Rhyparochromus vulgaris (Schilling), reported as new to British Columbia by Scudder (in press, this volume). The elm seed bug, Arocatus melanocephalus Fabricius (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), is native to Europe and widely distributed in central and southern Europe (Ferracini and Alma 2008); it was reported in China in 2013 (Gao et al. 2013). Arocatus melanocephalus was first detected in the United States, in Idaho, in 2009 and is present in Oregon, Washington, and Utah (Collman and Bush 2016). An infestation of A. melanocephalus was reported by a homeowner in the Rutland area of Kelowna, British Columbia, in June 2016. There were large numbers of adults in and around the home and on Chinese elm wood piles in the yard. -
Entomology for Master Gardeners
Entomology for Master Gardeners Objectives Learn the basic anatomy of insects and spiders. Learn how insects and spiders develop. Learn the characteristics of 8 insect orders, with examples of some common species. Learn how to use a dichotomous key for identification Classification & Names Phylum: Arthropoda Class Insecta = Insects (Class Arachnida = Spiders) Order: The technical name of the orders we learn today describes the wings. e.g.: Coleoptera: “coleo” = sheath; “ptera” = wing; that is, a sheath-wing insect. Family; Genus and species Scientific name = the Latin name; the genus and species. Genus begins with a capital letter; species begins with a small letter. Genus and species names underlined when handwritten, in italics when in print. (Genus is singular; genera is plural; species is both singular and plural.) Common name Glossary (See MG Handbook) Illustrations in MG Handbook & this handout are Metamorphosis (Insect development) not to scale. 4 possible life stages: egg; larva or nymph; pupa; adult. Hatch = the youngster hatches from the egg. Emerge = the adult emerges from the pupa. Molt = Shed exoskeleton A. Complete metamorphosis Complete metamorphosis 4 distinct life stages: egg larva pupa adult Larva very different form/shape than the adult. Larva often feeds on different food than the adult; in some species, adults don’t feed. Examples: Beetles; butterflies and moths; ants, bees, sawflies and wasps; flies. Note: After an insect becomes an adult, it is full-sized; a small adult fly will always be small. B. Simple metamorphosis = (a.) Gradual, metamorphosis; (b.) Incomplete metamorphosis a) Gradual metamorphosis 3 life stages: egg nymph (3 to 5 stages) adult wing pad e.g.: Box elder bugs; earwigs; grasshoppers; stink bugs Larva (nymph) resembles adult without wings. -
Bemerkungen Zum Vorkommen Von Arocatus-Arten Und Salda Littoralis (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Heteroptera : Lygaeidae Et Saldidae) in Brandenburg Und Berlin.1
Märkische Ent. Nachr. ISSN 1438-9665 15. Dezember 2008 Band 10, Heft 2 S. 187-194 Bemerkungen zum Vorkommen von Arocatus-Arten und Salda littoralis (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Heteroptera : Lygaeidae 1 et Saldidae) in Brandenburg und Berlin. Dieter Barndt Summary Contributions on the occurence of Arocatus-species and Salda littoralis (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae et Saldidae) in Brandenburg and Berlin (Germany). The elm seed bug, Arocatus melanocephalus (FABRICIUS, 1798), has recently elicited attention for the repeated massive intrusions inside urban buildings occurred during summertime in Eastern Germany (Lower Oder Valley). The sudden outbreaks of these bugs pose no threat to human health and do not cause any damage, for the nuisance and the unpleasant smell, they are considered aesthetic pests. The plane bug, Arocatus longiceps STÅL, 1872, was recorded fort the first time for Berlin; formerly this species was confused with Arocatus roeselii (SCHILLING, 1829). An outbreak of the halobiontic shorebug Salda littoralis (LINNAEUS, 1758) was located in the salt meadows of Ludwigsfelde/Gröben (Germany: Brandenburg). Zusammenfassung Die Ulmenwanze, Arocatus melanocephalus (FABRICIUS, 1798), ist 2008 in Ostdeutschland im Un- teren Odertal invasiv aufgetreten. In mehreren Orten sind die Wanzen in großer Anzahl in die Häu- ser eingedrungen; die plötzliche Massenvermehrung hat keine gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen auf die Bewohner. Die hohe Anzahl der Wanzen in den Wohnräumen und die damit verbundene Ge- ruchbelästigung hat aber das Leben der Menschen in den Häusern stark beeinträchtigt. Die in starker Ausbreitung befindliche Platanenwanze, Arocatus longiceps STÅL, 1872, wurde ers- tmalig in Berlin nachgewiesen; die Art wurde häufig mit Arocatus roeselii (SCHILLING, 1829) kon- fundiert. Ein Massenfund der halobionten Uferwanze Salda littoralis (LINNAEUS, 1758) wird aus den Salz- wiesen von Ludwigsfelde/Gröben gemeldet. -
Some Notes on the Occurrence of Arocatus Genus (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae) in Slovakia
Folia faunistica Slovaca, 2003, 8: 75-77 ISSN 1335-7522 SOME NOTES ON THE OCCURRENCE OF AROCATUS GENUS (HETEROPTERA, LYGAEIDAE) IN SLOVAKIA ZUZANA BIANCHI 1, OĽGA ŠTEPANOVIČOVÁ 2 1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina B1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia 2 Medená 7, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia Keywords: Heteroptera; Arocatus, Slovakia The genus of Arocatus Spinola, 1837 (Heteroptera, especially from Germany. For example GÜNTHER Lygaeidae) is in Palaearctic region represented by 9 (1981) mentions its occurrence on willows and alders species. 6 of them occur on Eastern-palaearctic coun- in the surroundings of INGELHEIM et al. (1992) present tries, especially in China, Mongolia, Far East of Rus- several sites of A. roeselii in Baden Würtenberg and sia as well as in Near East and Northern Africa. In its presence on sycamores and European alder (Alnus Europe there are only 3 recorded species: Arocatus incana). There is an interesting record by CARAYON roeselii (Schilling, 1829), Arocatus longiceps Stal, (1989) on the occurrence on sycamores in Paris. 1872 and Arocatus melanocephalus (Fabricius, 1798). Arocatus longiceps is a rare Pont Mediterranean Data on occurrence of all the 3 species from Euro- species originally distributed just in southern parts of pean countries appear in many, especially older refer- Europe and Asia (Fig. 2). In the recent years there is ences and many of them are almost not available. a significant spreading out of this species towards the Most of them are presented by Péricart (1998) in the North, into Central Europe. This fact has been proved first volume of his 3-volumed monograph on Lygaei- by its occurrence in the following countries. -
Elm Seed Bug Ryan S
Published by Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory ENT-186-17 July 2017 Elm Seed Bug Ryan S. Davis Arthropod Diagnostician What You Should Know • Elm seed bug is Utah’s newest nuisance pest. • Unlike the boxelder bug, elm seed bug activity peaks in mid-summer. • Elm seed bugs emit a pungent odor when crushed or handled, but are not a health threat. • Exclude elm seed bugs by sealing cracks and crevices on structure exteriors. • Windows and doors must be well-sealed to prevent elm seed bugs from entering; tight- fitting screens and door sweeps with no gaps are essential. Fig. 1. Elm seed bug adults hiding under overlap- • Residual pyrethroid insecticides applied as ping elm leaves. perimeter foundation treatments and around window sills, doors and to the undersides of become a major nuisance pest, entering homes eaves can help reduce elm seed bug entry. and buildings in great numbers, similar to the box- elder bug. Unlike boxelder bug, however, peak nui- Introduction sance activity occurs from mid-June through August and elm seed bugs can emit a pungent odor from n July 2014, the Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Lab scent glands, similar to bitter almonds. and USDA APHIS confirmed the first reported oc- Icurrence of elm seed bug (Lygaeidae: Arocatus Identification melanocephalus) in the state of Utah (Fig. 1). A native of Europe, the elm seed bug was first identi- Adults are about 1/3 inch long with dark, rusty-red fied in the U.S. in Idaho in 2012. It has since been and black coloration. -
Mass Invasion of Elm Seed Bugs Arocatus Melanocephalus (Fabricius, 1798) (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) in Apartments in the Netherlands
Biodiversity Journal, 2021, 12 (1): 229–230 https://doi.org/10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2021.12.1.229.230 Mass invasion of Elm seed bugs Arocatus melanocephalus (Fabricius, 1798) (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) in apartments in the Netherlands John Mulder Holhorstweg 4, 7341AC Beemte Broekland, the Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Mass invasion of the recently recorded, invasive Elm seed bug Arocatus melanocephalus (Fabricius, 1798) (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) has been registered for the first time in the Nether- lands. Possible causes, experienced inconvenience and prevention measures are discussed. KEY WORDS Invasive species; Elm seed bug; mass occurrence; intrusion of buildings. Received 13.12.2020; accepted 26.02.2021; published online 15.03.2021 INTRODUCTION think about a solution for the inconvenience expe- rienced by the residents. In the last two decades, several non-indigenous On October 15 of the same year the situation bugs have been known to show invasive behaviour was observed on location by me. A couple of in Europe; the Western conifer seed bug Leptoglos- dozen bugs, both dead and alive, were collected sus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Hemiptera Co- inside the most affected apartment. It was said that reidae) being one of the best-known examples, the inconvenience was experienced almost year- reaching an almost ubiquitous distribution nowa- round and that, occasionally, hundreds of animals days. would invade the apartments. This all started in 2018. Though not harmful nor dangerous, the re- sidents perceive the presence as quite inconve- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS nient. They get rid of them by using a vacuum cleaner. October 2019, a real estate organization reported Investigation of the collected bugs showed them the mass occurrence of small bugs in their property to be the Elm seed bug Arocatus melanocephalus in the municipality of Apeldoorn, the Netherlands. -
Het News Issue 9 (Spring 2007)
Het News 9, Spring 2007 Issue 9 Het News Spring 2007 2nd Series Newsletter of the UK Heteroptera Recording Schemes Circulation: An informal email newsletter circulated periodically to those interested in Heteroptera. Copyright: Text & drawings © 2007 Authors Photographs © 2007 Photographers Citation: Het News, 2nd Series, no.9, Spring 2007 Editorial: We keep saying this: once again we have news of more species new to Britain – this time it’s three in fact, plus a possible ‘new to science’! In this issue we also have two articles with a (very) historical flavour and two regional overviews, Kent & Wales – consider writing up your own area for a future issue. Something else we would like more of, is information on changing seasonal patterns of species. If you have unusually early or late records, or evidence of additional broods, we would welcome details. The next (autumn) issue will include the usual publications update. Sheila Brooke: 18 Park Hill Toddington Dunstable Beds LU5 6AW [email protected] Bernard Nau: 15 Park Hill Toddington Dunstable Beds LU5 6AW [email protected] Contents EDITORIAL ....................................................................... 1 FROM THE REGIONS.................................................... 13 ARTICLES: Dorset, Hants, Herts, Berks, Oxford, Beds, Wales, Yorkshire Heteroptera in Kent....................................................... 1 BRC RECORDING SCHEMES ...................................... 15 An historic French record............................................ 2 Water -
Of Khuzestan and the Adjacent Provinces of Iran
ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE Published 30.vi.2011 Volume 51(1), pp. 21–48 ISSN 0374-1036 Studies on the Cimicomorpha and Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Khuzestan and the adjacent provinces of Iran Rauno E. LINNAVUORI Saukkokuja 10, FIN-21220 Raisio, Finland; e-mail: rauno.linnavuori@kolumbus.fi Abstract. A list of 123 true bug species and subspecies of the families Tingidae (19 species), Nabidae (7 species), Anthocoridae (11 species, 1 subspecies), Aradidae (1 species), Lygaeidae s. l. (77 species, 1 subspecies), Piesmatidae (1 species), and Berytidae (4 species) from Khuzestan and the adjacent provinces in southern Iran is published. Eight species are recorded from Iran for the fi rst time: Tingidae: Agramma confusum (Puton, 1879), Agramma subnotatum Péricart, 1981, Tingis geniculata (Fieber, 1844); Aradidae: Aradus fl avicornis Dalman, 1827; Lygaei- dae s. l.: Artheneis turangae Kerzhner, 1997, Auchenodes conspersus (Jakovlev, 1885), Holcocranum diminutum diminutum Horváth, 1898, and Piesmatidae: Parapiesma rotundatum (Horváth, 1906). One poorly known species, Geocoris montandoniellus Kiritshenko, 1915, is redescribed and compared with the most similar species. Key words. Heteroptera, Anthocoridae, Aradidae, Berytidae, Lygaeidae s. l., Nabidae, Piesmatidae, Tingidae, faunistics, new species, new records, Iran, Khuzestan Introduction This paper is a continuation of the study of the relatively little known heteropteran fauna of Khuzestan province and related areas in the southwest of Iran. The previous two parts dealing with infraorders Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha, Leptopodomorpha and the family Miridae of Cimicomorpha were published by LINNAVUORI (2009, 2010). In this paper I contribute to the knowledge of the Iranian fauna by eight new distributional records. The Khuzestan province (Fig. -
Zootaxa, Alien True Bugs of Europe (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Zootaxa 1827: 1–44 (2008) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2008 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Alien True Bugs of Europe (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) WOLFGANG RABITSCH Austrian Federal Environment Agency, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Wien, Austria.E-Mail: [email protected] Table of contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................2 Material and methods......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Results and discussion ........................................................................................................................................................3 1) Comments on the alien Heteroptera species of Europe .................................................................................................3 Category 1a—Species alien to Europe..............................................................................................................................