DOCSLIB.ORG

Download This Issue

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

COVID ECONOMICS VETTED AND REAL-TIME PAPERS ECONOMIC EPIDEMIOLOGY: ISSUE 48 A REVIEW 10 SEPTEMBER 2020 David McAdams INDIVIDUALISM Bo Bian, Jingjing Li, Ting Xu FORECASTING THE SHOCK and Natasha Z. Foutz Felipe Meza ENTREPRENEUR DEBT AVERSION IS WHO TRUSTED? Mikael Paaso, Vesa Pursiainen Nirosha Elsem Varghese, Iryna and Sami Torstila Sabat, Sebastian Neuman‑Böhme, SUPPLY CHAIN DISRUPTION Jonas Schreyögg, Tom Stargardt, Matthias Meier and Eugenio Pinto Aleksandra Torbica, Job van Exel, PANDEMICS, POVERTY, AND Pedro Pita Barros and Werner Brouwer SOCIAL COHESION ECONOMISTS: FROM VILLAINS Remi Jedwab, Amjad M. Khan, Richard TO HEROES? Damania, Jason Russ and Esha D. Zaver Diane Coyle Covid Economics Vetted and Real-Time Papers Covid Economics, Vetted and Real-Time Papers, from CEPR, brings together formal investigations on the economic issues emanating from the Covid outbreak, based on explicit theory and/or empirical evidence, to improve the knowledge base. Founder: Beatrice Weder di Mauro, President of CEPR Editor: Charles Wyplosz, Graduate Institute Geneva and CEPR Contact: Submissions should be made at https://portal.cepr.org/call-papers- covid-economics. Other queries should be sent to [email protected]. Copyright for the papers appearing in this issue of Covid Economics: Vetted and Real-Time Papers is held by the individual authors. The Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) The Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) is a network of over 1,500 research economists based mostly in European universities. The Centre’s goal is twofold: to promote world-class research, and to get the policy-relevant results into the hands of key decision-makers. CEPR’s guiding principle is ‘Research excellence with policy relevance’. A registered charity since it was founded in 1983, CEPR is independent of all public and private interest groups. It takes no institutional stand on economic policy matters and its core funding comes from its Institutional Members and sales of publications. Because it draws on such a large network of researchers, its output reflects a broad spectrum of individual viewpoints as well as perspectives drawn from civil society. CEPR research may include views on policy, but the Trustees of the Centre do not give prior review to its publications. The opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and not those of CEPR. Chair of the Board Sir Charlie Bean Founder and Honorary President Richard Portes President Beatrice Weder di Mauro Vice Presidents Maristella Botticini Ugo Panizza Philippe Martin Hélène Rey Chief Executive Officer Tessa Ogden Editorial Board Beatrice Weder di Mauro, CEPR Simon Johnson, MIT and CEPR Charles Wyplosz, Graduate Institute Geneva Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan, University of and CEPR Maryland and CEPR Rik Frehen Viral V. Acharya, Stern School of Business, Tom Kompas, University of Melbourne and NYU and CEPR CEBRA Guido Alfani, Bocconi University and CEPR Miklós Koren, Central European University Franklin Allen, Imperial College Business and CEPR School and CEPR Anton Korinek, University of Virginia and Michele Belot, European University Institute CEPR and CEPR Michael Kuhn, Vienna Institute of David Bloom, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Demography Public Health Maarten Lindeboom, Vrije Universiteit Nick Bloom, Stanford University and CEPR Amsterdam Tito Boeri, Bocconi University and CEPR Philippe Martin, Sciences Po and CEPR Alison Booth, University of Essex and CEPR Warwick McKibbin, ANU College of Asia and Markus K Brunnermeier, Princeton the Pacific University and CEPR Kevin Hjortshøj O’Rourke, NYU Abu Dhabi Michael C Burda, Humboldt Universitaet zu and CEPR Berlin and CEPR Evi Pappa, European University Institute and Aline Bütikofer, Norwegian School of CEPR Economics Barbara Petrongolo, Queen Mary University, Luis Cabral, New York University and CEPR London, LSE and CEPR Paola Conconi, ECARES, Universite Libre de Richard Portes, London Business School and Bruxelles and CEPR CEPR Giancarlo Corsetti, University of Cambridge Carol Propper, Imperial College London and and CEPR CEPR Fiorella De Fiore, Bank for International Lucrezia Reichlin, London Business School Settlements and CEPR and CEPR Mathias Dewatripont, ECARES, Universite Ricardo Reis, London School of Economics Libre de Bruxelles and CEPR and CEPR Jonathan Dingel, University of Chicago Booth Hélène Rey, London Business School and School and CEPR CEPR Barry Eichengreen, University of California, Dominic Rohner, University of Lausanne and Berkeley and CEPR CEPR Simon J Evenett, University of St Gallen and Paola Sapienza, Northwestern University and CEPR CEPR Maryam Farboodi, MIT and CEPR Moritz Schularick, University of Bonn and Antonio Fatás, INSEAD Singapore and CEPR CEPR Francesco Giavazzi, Bocconi University and Flavio Toxvaerd, University of Cambridge CEPR Christoph Trebesch, Christian-Albrechts- Christian Gollier, Toulouse School of Universitaet zu Kiel and CEPR Economics and CEPR Karen-Helene Ulltveit-Moe, University of Timothy J. Hatton, University of Essex and Oslo and CEPR CEPR Jan C. van Ours, Erasmus University Ethan Ilzetzki, London School of Economics Rotterdam and CEPR and CEPR Thierry Verdier, Paris School of Economics Beata Javorcik, EBRD and CEPR and CEPR Ethics Covid Economics will feature high quality analyses of economic aspects of the health crisis. However, the pandemic also raises a number of complex ethical issues. Economists tend to think about trade-offs, in this case lives vs. costs, patient selection at a time of scarcity, and more. In the spirit of academic freedom, neither the Editors of Covid Economics nor CEPR take a stand on these issues and therefore do not bear any responsibility for views expressed in the articles. Submission to professional journals The following journals have indicated that they will accept submissions of papers featured in Covid Economics because they are working papers. Most expect revised versions. This list will be updated regularly. American Economic Review Journal of Economic Growth American Economic Review, Applied Journal of Economic Theory Economics Journal of the European Economic American Economic Review, Insights Association* American Economic Review, Journal of Finance Economic Policy Journal of Financial Economics American Economic Review, Journal of International Economics Macroeconomics Journal of Labor Economics* American Economic Review, Journal of Monetary Economics Microeconomics Journal of Public Economics American Journal of Health Journal of Public Finance and Public Economics Choice Canadian Journal of Economics Journal of Political Economy Econometrica* Journal of Population Economics Economic Journal Quarterly Journal of Economics* Economics of Disasters and Climate Review of Corporate Finance Studies* Change Review of Economics and Statistics International Economic Review Review of Economic Studies* Journal of Development Economics Review of Financial Studies Journal of Econometrics* (*) Must be a significantly revised and extended version of the paper featured in Covid Economics. Covid Economics Vetted and Real-Time Papers Issue 48, 10 September 2020 Contents Economic epidemiology in the wake of Covid-19 1 David McAdams Individualism during crises 46 Bo Bian, Jingjing Li, Ting Xu and Natasha Z. Foutz Entrepreneur debt aversion and financing decisions: Evidence from COVID-19 support programs 93 Mikael Paaso, Vesa Pursiainen and Sami Torstila Covid-19 supply chain disruptions 139 Matthias eierM and Eugenio Pinto Epidemics, poverty, and social cohesion: Lessons from the past and possible scenarios for COVID-19 171 Remi Jedwab, Amjad M. Khan, Richard Damania, Jason Russ and Esha D. Zaveri Forecasting the impact of the COVID-19 shock on the Mexican economy 210 Felipe Meza Risk communication during COVID-19: A descriptive study on familiarity with, adherence to and trust in the WHO preventive measures 226 Nirosha Elsem Varghese, Iryna Sabat, Sebastian Neuman-Böhme, Jonas Schreyögg, Tom Stargardt, Aleksandra Torbica, Job van Exel, Pedro Pita Barros and Werner Brouwer From villains to heroes? The economics profession and its response to the pandemic 242 Diane Coyle 1 Covid Economics Issue 48, 10 September 2020 Economic epidemiology in the wake of Covid-191 David McAdams2 Date submitted: 4 September 2020; Date accepted: 9 September 2020 Infectious diseases, ideas, new products, and other “infectants” spread in epidemic fashion through social contact. The Covid-19 pandemic, the proliferation of “fake news,” and the rise of antibiotic resistance have thrust economic epidemiology into the forefront of public-policy debate and re-invigorated the field. Focusing for concreteness on disease- causing pathogens, this paper provides a taxonomy of economic- epidemic models, emphasizing both the biology / immunology of the disease and the economics of the social context. An economic epidemic is one whose diffusion through the agent population is generated by agents' endogenous behavior. I highlight properties of the Nash-equilibrium epidemic trajectory and discuss ways in which public-health authorities can change the game for the better, (i) by imposing restrictions on agent activity to reduce the harm done during a viral outbreak and (ii) by enabling diagnostic-informed interventions to slow or even reverse the rise of antibiotic resistance. Covid Economics 48, 10 September 2020: 1-45 48, 10 September Covid Economics 1 I thank David Argente, Chris Avery, Troy Day, Mike Hoy, Gregor Jarosch, Philipp Kircher, Anton Korinek, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Tomas Philipson,
Recommended publications
  • 1614154442698 05 Preparedn

    1614154442698 05 Preparedn

    Brief Communication Preparedness of Siddha system of medicine in practitioner perspective during a pandemic outbreak with special reference to COVID-19 S. Rajalakshmi1*, K. Samraj2, P. Sathiyarajeswaran3, K. Kanagavalli4 1*, 2Research Associate, Siddha Clinical Research Unit (SCRU), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India, 3Director, Siddha Central Research Institute (SCRI), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, 4Director General, Central Council for Research in Siddha (CCRS), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India ABSTRACT COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease-2019) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus-2). This new viral disease was unknown before the outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of November 16th 2020, it affects about 54.3 million populations, death troll increased to 1.32 million cases in worldwide. Whereas in India 8.85 cases are infected with COVID-19, of which 1, 30, 112 cases were died. Till now there has been no specific anti-virus drug or vaccines are available for the treatment of this disease, the supportive care and non-specific treatment to the symptoms of the patient are the only options in Biomedicine, the entire world turns its attention towards alternative medicine or Traditional medicine. Siddha medicine is one of the primordial systems of medicine practiced in the southern part of India, it dealt a lot about pandemic, and its management. This review provides an insight into Pandemic in Siddha system and its management in both ancient history and modern history, National and state level Government policies related to current pandemic, World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on usage of unproven drug during infectious disease outbreak, Preparedness of Siddha system during a pandemic outbreak Challenges and Recommendations.
  • People, Plagues, and Prices in the Roman World: the Evidence from Egypt

    People, Plagues, and Prices in the Roman World: the Evidence from Egypt

    People, Plagues, and Prices in the Roman World: The Evidence from Egypt KYLE HARPER The papyri of Roman Egypt provide some of the most important quantifiable data from a first-millennium economy. This paper builds a new dataset of wheat prices, land prices, rents, and wages over the entire period of Roman control in Egypt. Movements in both nominal and real prices over these centuries suggest periods of intensive and extensive economic growth as well as contraction. Across a timeframe that covers several severe mortality shocks, demographic changes appear to be an important, but by no means the only, force behind changes in factor prices. his article creates and analyzes a time series of wheat and factor Tprices for Egypt from AD 1 to the Muslim conquest, ~AD 641. From the time the territory was annexed by Octavian in 30 BCE until it was permanently taken around AD 641, Egypt was an important part of the Roman Empire. Famously, it supplied grain for the populations of Rome and later Constantinople, but more broadly it was integrated into the culture, society, and economy of the Roman Mediterranean. While every province of the sprawling Roman Empire was distinctive, recent work stresses that Egypt was not peculiar (Bagnall 1993; Rathbone 2007). Neither its Pharaonic legacy, nor the geography of the Nile valley, make it unrepresentative of the Roman world. In one crucial sense, however, Roman Egypt is truly unique: the rich- ness of its surviving documentation. Because of the valley’s arid climate, tens of thousands of papyri, covering the entire spectrum of public and private documents, survive from the Roman period (Bagnall 2009).
  • Bibliographic Review on the Historical Memory of Previous

    Bibliographic Review on the Historical Memory of Previous

    REVISIONES Bibliographic review on the historical memory of previous pandemics in nursing reviews on COVID-19: a secularly documented reality Revisión bibliográfica sobre la memoria histórica de pandemias anteriores en revisiones de enfermería sobre COVID-19: una realidad secularmente documentada Joaquín León Molina1 M. Fuensanta Hellín Gil1 Eva Abad Corpa2 1 Nurse Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca de Murcia; Advanced Nursing Care Group of the Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research Arrixaca. Murcia. Spain. 2 Associate nurse, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía de Murcia; Contracted Professor PhD linked University of Murcia. Advanced Nursing Care Group of the Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research Arrixaca. Murcia. Spain. https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.456511 Received: 17/11/2020 Accepted: 10/01/2021 ABSTRACT: Introduction: Reviews for COVID-19 should reflect historical antecedents from previous pandemics. Objective: We plan to map the content of recent reviews in the nursing area on COVID-19 to see if it refers to health crises due to epidemics and infectious diseases. Methodology: Descriptive narrative review. The Science Web, PubMed and Lilacs were consulted to identify the reviews; The content of the documents was consulted to detect the presence of descriptors and terms related to pandemics prior to the 21st century of humanity, taking into account the inclusion criteria and objectives of the study. Results: Relevant reviews were found only in 11 documents of the 192 identified. Conclusions: There may be reluctance to use documentation published more than a century ago; However, it would be advisable not to lose the historical memory of pandemic crises that humanity has suffered for millennia Key words: Pandemics; Epidemics; History; Ancient History.
  • A Latin Etymology for Romanian Da = Yes

    A Latin Etymology for Romanian Da = Yes

    A Latin etymology for Romanian da = yes Keith Andrew Massey County College of Morris, New Jersey <[email protected]> Abstract In this article the author argues that Latin ita is a possible source for Roma- nian da = yes, ordinarily assumed to be a Slavic borrowing. This emerges as phonologically possible, but unprovable. This controversial etymology is given even more credence by the demonstration that the Latin conjunction ita quod is a probable source for the Romanian conditional particle dacă. Keywords: Romanian, Latin, da, dacă, ita quod, yes, sic. Received: .i. – Accepted: .vi. Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 The Slavic Assumption for da = yes 3 Latin Affirmations and their Romance Counterparts 4 Latin ita > Romanian da? 5 Romanian dacă = if 6 The invisible da in early Romanian 7 Conclusion References 93 Ianua. Revista Philologica Romanica ISSN 1616-413X Vol. 8 (2008): 93–100 http://www.romaniaminor.net/ianua/ c Romania Minor 94 Keith Andrew Massey 1 Introduction Among the Romance languages, the development of Romanian is perhaps the least understood (Rosetti et al. 1969; Du Nay 1996; Sala 2005). There is an interval of several hundred years in which no historical record mentions its exis- tence,1 let alone providing scholars with samples to track its evolution (Rosetti et al. 1969, 481; Sala 2005, 25). Romanian, like all Romance languages, has its own distinct features, owing principally to its particular local influences. This includes a significant influx of Slavic borrowings. One word of apparently Slavic origin in Romanian is da = yes. It seems impossible that any populace would choose to borrow such a basic word from another language.
  • COVID-19 Vaccination Programme: Information for Healthcare Practitioners

    COVID-19 Vaccination Programme: Information for Healthcare Practitioners

    COVID-19 vaccination programme Information for healthcare practitioners Republished 6 August 2021 Version 3.10 1 COVID-19 vaccination programme: Information for healthcare practitioners Document information This document was originally published provisionally, ahead of authorisation of any COVID-19 vaccine in the UK, to provide information to those involved in the COVID-19 national vaccination programme before it began in December 2020. Following authorisation for temporary supply by the UK Department of Health and Social Care and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency being given to the COVID-19 Vaccine Pfizer BioNTech on 2 December 2020, the COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca on 30 December 2020 and the COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna on 8 January 2021, this document has been updated to provide specific information about the storage and preparation of these vaccines. Information about any other COVID-19 vaccines which are given regulatory approval will be added when this occurs. The information in this document was correct at time of publication. As COVID-19 is an evolving disease, much is still being learned about both the disease and the vaccines which have been developed to prevent it. For this reason, some information may change. Updates will be made to this document as new information becomes available. Please use the online version to ensure you are accessing the latest version. 2 COVID-19 vaccination programme: Information for healthcare practitioners Document revision information Version Details Date number 1.0 Document created 27 November 2020 2.0 Vaccine specific information about the COVID-19 mRNA 4 Vaccine BNT162b2 (Pfizer BioNTech) added December 2020 2.1 1.
  • Microbiology E-Journal

    Microbiology E-Journal

    From the Principal’s Desk I would like to congratulate the entire team of Department of Microbiology for their wonderful though very strenuous attempt to publish a journal exclusively for the students. Presently the e-version of the journal is going to be released on auspicious day of 5th September, i.e. the Teacher's Day. I hope, later on the print version will be published. In my perception it is a tribute to the entire faculty members by the students because these write ups simply say that how much they assimilate from their teachers in this subject. We all know and still experiencing a very stressful as well as fearful daily life due to the pandemic. We came to know many information regarding this covid-19 virus from many microbiologists not only from India but also from other countries like Canada, USA and many more. The Department of Microbiology, Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College produced many students who are pursuing their research in India as well as abroad. In response to the call from their teachers they shared their knowledge with us in many webinars organized by the department. In my perception all the students of this department are budding scientist of future. No one knows it may so happen that we come to know that one of our students succeed to be associated with the invention of any life-saving drug or vaccine. Once again, I want thank all students and faculties for initiating this attempt and hope that this will continue to publish. Dr. Rajyasri Neogy, Principal, Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College Contents Paper Title Page No.
  • A Treatise Offered in a Time of Pestilence by St. Cyprian of Carthage

    A Treatise Offered in a Time of Pestilence by St. Cyprian of Carthage

    A Treatise Offered in a Time of Pestilence by St. Cyprian of Carthage The Plague of Cyprian was a pandemic that afflicted the Roman Empire from about AD 249 to 262. The plague is thought to have caused widespread manpower shortages for food production and the Roman army, severely weakening the empire during the Crisis of the Third Century. Its modern name commemorates St. Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, an early Christian writer who witnessed and described the plague. The agent of the plague is highly speculative due to sparse sourcing, but suspects include smallpox, pandemic influenza and viral hemorrhagic fever (filoviruses) like the Ebola virus. In 250 to 262, at the height of the outbreak, 5,000 people a day were said to be dying in Rome. Cyprian's biographer, Pontius of Carthage, wrote of the plague at Carthage: Afterwards there broke out a dreadful plague, and excessive destruction of a hateful disease invaded every house in succession of the trembling populace, carrying off day by day with abrupt attack numberless people, every one from his own house. All were shuddering, fleeing, shunning the contagion, impiously exposing their own friends, as if with the exclusion of the person who was sure to die of the plague, one could exclude death itself also. There lay about the meanwhile, over the whole city, no longer bodies, but the carcasses of many, and, by the contemplation of a lot which in their turn would be theirs, demanded the pity of the passers-by for themselves. No one regarded anything besides his cruel gains.
  • The Impact of Social Media on the Individuals and Society During Covid-19-Lockdown Situation

    The Impact of Social Media on the Individuals and Society During Covid-19-Lockdown Situation

    Indian J. Soc. & Pol. 07 (02) : 51-54 : 2020 ISSN: 2348-0084 ( PRINT ) 31 July 2020 ISSN: 2455-2127(ONLINE) THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE INDIVIDUALS AND SOCIETY DURING COVID-19-LOCKDOWN SITUATION (An analytical study of the social media impact on individuals & society during the COVID pandemic) JOHN STEVENSON PATRA1 1M.B.A., M.A., PGDUPDL, Ex. Faculty, VRS & YRN College, Chirala, A.P. INDIA ABSTRACT Social Media can be defined as those forms of electronic communication (such as websites for social networking and micro-blogging) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content (such as videos). As per wiki, Social media are interactive computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation or sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks. Some of the most popular Social Media include – Facebook, Tiktok (presently banned in India), We Chat, Instagram, Twitter, Linkedin, etc.,. Other famous platforms like Whatsapp, Telegram, Snap chat, Youtube, Zoom, Google meet, etc., are also off late deemed as part of Social Media. Users usually access social media services via web-based apps on desktops and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablets). Through Social Media, individuals, communities, and organizations share, co-create, discuss, participate and modify user-generated content or self-curated content posted online. This study paper deals with the role played by the Social Media in India in the situations prevailing on account of the COVID-19 pandemic and Lockdowns KEYWORDS: Pandemic, COVID-19, Lockdown, Social Networking COVID-19 AND LOCKDOWN 19 pandemic.
  • Myth and Reality. Changing Awareness of Transylvanian Identity

    Myth and Reality. Changing Awareness of Transylvanian Identity

    Sándor Vogel Transylvania: Myth and Reality. Changing Awareness of Transylvanian Identity Introduction In the course of history Transylvania has represented a specific configuration in Eur­ ope. A unique role was reserved for it by its three ethnic communities (Hungarian, Romanian and Saxon), its three estates in politicallaw, or natio (nations), Hungarian, Szekler and Saxon existing until modern times, and its four established religions (recepta re/igio), namely Catholic, Lutheran, Calvinist and Unitarian, along with the Greek Orthodox religion of Romanians which was tolerated by Transylvania's political law. At the same time the Transylvanian region was situated at the point of contact or intersection oftwo cultures, the Western and the East European. A glance at the ethnic map - displaying an oveIWhelming majority of Hungarians and Saxon settlers in medieval times - clearly reveals that its evolution is in many respects associated with the rise ofthe medieval State of Hungary and resultant from the Hungarian king's con­ scious policies of state organization and settlement. lts historical development, social order, system of state organization and culture have always made it a part of Europe in all these dimensions. During the centuries ofthe Middle Ages and early modern times the above-mention­ ed three ethnic communities provided the estate-based framework for the region's spe­ cial state organization. The latter served in turn as an integument for the later develop­ ment of nationhood for the Hungarian and Saxon communities, and as a model for the Romanian community. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the period of the Ottoman State's expansion, the Transylvanian region achieved the status of an independent state in what was referred to in contemporary Hungarian documents as the 'shadow ofthe Turkish Power', thereby becoming the repository ofthe idea of a Hungarian State, the ultimate resource of Hungarian culture and the nerve center of its development.
  • Economic Activity and the Spread of Viral Diseases: Evidence from High Frequency Data

    Economic Activity and the Spread of Viral Diseases: Evidence from High Frequency Data

    IZA DP No. 9326 Economic Activity and the Spread of Viral Diseases: Evidence from High Frequency Data Jérôme Adda September 2015 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor Economic Activity and the Spread of Viral Diseases: Evidence from High Frequency Data Jérôme Adda Bocconi University, IGIER and IZA Discussion Paper No. 9326 September 2015 IZA P.O. Box 7240 53072 Bonn Germany Phone: +49-228-3894-0 Fax: +49-228-3894-180 E-mail: [email protected] Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.
  • Chronicle of Cruelties

    Chronicle of Cruelties

    CHRONICLE OF CRUELTIES ROMANIAN MISTREATMENT OF THE HUNGARIAN MINORITY IN TRANSYLVANIA by Dr. Arpad Kosztin Translated from the Hungarian by Eva Barcza Bessenyey UNEDITED PREPUBLISHING VERSION FOR HOMEPAGE ONLY ORIGINAL TITLE: MAGYARELLENES ROMÁN KEGYETLENKEDÉSEK ERDÉLYBEN ISBN 963 8363 72 X A Publication of the BIRO FAMILY BUDAPEST PLEASE NOTE: THE PAGE NUMBERS WILL BE DIFFERENT IN THE FORTHCOMMING BOOK 2 CONTENTS Contents 3 Ferenc Bartis: About the author 4 Preface 6 I. Introduction 10 II Romanian Atrocities before Horea-Closca 18 III The peasant revolt of Horea-Closca-Crisan 24 IV The freedom fight of 1848-49 32 V Romanian atrocities before and after WW I 43 VI Romanian atrocities during and after WW II-1956 74 VII During and after the 1956 Revolution 109 VIII Countermeasures after 1956 118 IX Romanian atrocities after 1989 133 Epilogue 147 Bibliography 149 Notes 167 3 The accuser shows mercy As strange as it may seem, the author of this indispensable and inevitable book, dr. Arpad Kosztin, does show mercy: he does not accuse, does not point a finger but gives us a work of factual history. And this is important for this painful objectivity gives the measure of the work's credibility. Our author does not have to be introduced to our readers for everyone knows his book on the debunking of the Daco-Roman theory (entitled the Daco-Roman Legend, it was published in English in 1997 by Matthias Corvinus Publishing, in the USA and Canada); on Romania's expansion into Transylvania; as well as his numerours lively and outspoken but profound essays and articles in the daily press.
  • Economic Epidemiology in the Wake of Covid-19∗

    Economic Epidemiology in the Wake of Covid-19∗

    Economic epidemiology in the wake of Covid-19∗ David McAdamsy August 27, 2020 Abstract Infectious diseases, ideas, new products, and other \infectants" spread in epidemic fashion through social contact. The Covid-19 pandemic, the prolifer- ation of \fake news," and the rise of antibiotic resistance have thrust economic epidemiology into the forefront of public-policy debate and re-invigorated the field. Focusing for concreteness on disease-causing pathogens, this paper pro- vides a taxonomy of economic-epidemic models, emphasizing both the biology / immunology of the disease and the economics of the social context. An economic epidemic is one whose diffusion through the agent population is generated by agents' endogenous behavior. I highlight properties of the Nash-equilibrium epi- demic trajectory and discuss ways in which public-health authorities can change the game for the better, (i) by imposing restrictions on agent activity to reduce the harm done during a viral outbreak and (ii) by enabling diagnostic-informed interventions to slow or even reverse the rise of antibiotic resistance. Keywords: economic epidemic, epidemic limbo, Covid-19, lockdown, antibiotic resistance, diagnostics ∗When citing this paper, please use the following: McAdams D. 2021. Economic epidemiology in the wake of Covid-19. Annual Review of Economics 13: Submitted. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev- economics-082120-122900 yFuqua School of Business and Economics Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. Email: [email protected]. I thank David Argente, Chris Avery, Troy Day, Mike Hoy, Gregor Jarosch, Philipp Kircher, Anton Korinek, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Tomas Philipson, Elena Quercioli, Steve Redding, Tim Reluga, Bob Rowthorn, Yangbo Song, Arjun Srinivasan, and Flavio Toxvaerd for helpful comments and encouragement.