Timeout for Irish International Basketball: Consequences to Coaches and Players
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Timeout for Irish International Basketball: Consequences to Coaches and Players Author: Cathy Grant, B.A. (Hons) Sport and Exercise Sciences A thesis submitted to the University of Limerick in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick Supervisors: Dr. Laura Purdy Dr. Sunnhild Bertz Submitted to the University of Limerick: November Exam Board 2011 i Student Declaration ―I, Cathy Grant, declare that the Masters thesis entitled An examination of the sources of development for Irish, senior, basketball coaches and players; and the identification of the consequences to development when the International programs are removed is no more than 60,000 words in length, exclusive of tables, figures, appendices, references and footnotes. This thesis contains no material that has been submitted previously, in whole or in part, for the award of any other academic degree or diploma. Except where otherwise indicated, this thesis is my own work.‖ Signed Cathy Grant ii Acknowledgements I would like to express the deepest appreciation to both of my supervisors Laura Purdy and Sunnhild Bertz who guided my journey from a scientific science to the world of social science. Laura, your support and expertise throughout provided me with the motivation to complete my work. Sunnhild your professional knowledge shaped my thesis into a clear and comprehensive piece of research. I cannot thank you enough for your time and effort you put into my work. Without your guidance and persistent help this thesis would not have been possible. To those who participated in my study, thank you for your time and opinions. It is your voices that have shaped my research and provided me with information necessary to leave my mark in sport research. I hope that you will continue your passion for basketball and find ways to keep developing. I wish to thank my parents from the bottom of my heart for all of their support throughout the years. You never doubted my abilities and always had my best interests at heart. To my four sisters, thank you for being there when I needed you. Orla, your strength continually motivates me. Claire, your academic mind came in very useful over the last few years, thanks for you for dedicating your free time to helping my work. Bevin, your loving personality meant I always had someone to talk to. And Deirdre, your fun and free spirited approach to life reminded me to keep my life balanced. I am truly blessed to have such a loving family. To Neil, what can I say it‘s been a tough couple of years but it has been worth it. We both had our struggles and came out the other end. I know I‘ve grown as a person and you have been there while I‘ve been trying to find my way. Your advice, patience and love was unconditional and I am so very grateful. I‘d like to thank my friends and team- mates for all your support over the course of my thesis. I wish you all the best in life, to find happiness, be healthy and live wonderful lives. Finally I wish to thank the Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences for the opportunity to further my education and for making facilities accessible in the University. iii Cheers, Cathy Grant iv Abstract Title: Timeout for Irish, International Basketball: Consequences to Coaches and Players Author: Cathy Grant While research has investigated the development of coaches and athletes in top-level sport limited research exists that has examined the consequences to coach and athlete development when sources of development are removed. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of players and coaches after finding out that the Irish senior international basketball programs had been discontinued. Eight senior international members (two coaches, six players) participated in the study. This study relied upon grounded description methods, including semi-structured interviews, to gather and analyse data. While findings supported previous work which indicates that the main sources of development for the coaches included: experience, other coaches and reflection. The sources of development for the players included: exposure to top-level coaches, top level players and competition. This study has identified that the basketball structure played an important role in coach and athlete development through the provision of development opportunities associated with the international programs. Most notably, it was found that the removal of the senior international programs negatively impacted on the development and participation of younger players and reduced the popularity of the sport. However, the long-term consequences of the removal of the senior international programs warrants further research. v Title of Contents Page(s) Acknowledgements iii Abstract v Table of Contents vi Chapter 1: Introduction 1-6 Introduction 2 Coach Development 2 Athlete Development 3 The History of Basketball in Ireland 3 Current Situation 4 The Irish Domestic League and International Teams 5 Basketball Ireland 5 Coaching Education provided by Basketball Ireland 6 Research Questions 6 Chapter 2: Literature Review 7-29 Introduction 8 Coach Development: An overview of Research 8 Athlete Development: An overview of Research 18 Sport Structure 25 Summary of Literature Review 28 Chapter 3: Methodology 30-37 Introduction and Rationale 31 Methodology: Grounded Theory and Grounded Description 32 Methods 33 Data Collection 35 Analysis 37 Summary of Methodology 38 Chapter 4: Findings & Discussion 38-84 Introduction 39 Coach Development in Irish basketball 43 Player Development in Irish basketball 57 Perceived Consequences to Coach, Player and Sport development vi after the removal of senior international programs 74 Chapter 5: Conclusion 84-88 Introduction 85 Coach development in Irish basketball: A summary 85 Player Development in Irish basketball: A summary 86 Closing thoughts 87 References: 89-107 Appendices: 108-128 Appendix A: Study information Sheet for coaches 109 Appendix B: Study information Sheet for players 113 Appendix C: Written consent form- coaches 117 Appendix D: Written consent form- players 119 Appendix E: Interview Guide – Coaches 121 Appendix F: Interview Guide – Players 125 vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION International level basketball is a highly competitive arena in which participants continuously try to enhance their performance in a bid to be successful. Research indicated that individual development at this level is influenced by the context, resources and interactions with others (Baker, Horton, Roberston-Wilson, Wall, 2003, Côté, 1999, Pedersen, 2005). The purpose of this chapter is to outline the rationale for this study, based on the previous research, and outline gaps in the literature. First, a brief overview of the literature is provided in relation to coaching research and athlete research. Second, the contextual background for Irish basketball is discussed which identifies the current situation pertaining to international basketball. The majority of current literature surrounding sport development has focused on pathways to top level sport. However, what happens to coaches and players when sources of development are eliminated? There is limited research identifying the consequences of such actions to development. When Basketball Ireland removed the senior international programs, it provided the opportunity to record such a phenomenon. The international teams provided a multitude of development opportunities for both coaches and players such as: experience, learning from other coaches, reflecting on performance, and working with top level players. Consequently, the removal of the teams has reduced these opportunities. But before the consequences are examined, the sources of development need to be identified. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the sources of development for basketball coaches and players and the consequences to their development when sources are removed. 1.2 COACH DEVELOPMENT Coaching research originally focused on the bio-scientific, however, it has evolved to encompass coaching behaviours (Bloom, Crumpton, and Anderson, 1999; Côté and Sedgwick, 2003; Cushion and Jones, 2001; Gould, Guinan, Greenlead, and Chung, 2002), practices (Baker, Côté and Abernethy, 2003; Bloom, Durand-Bush, and Salmela, 1997), reflections (Knowles, Tylerm Gilbourne and Eubank, 2006; Nelson and Cushion, 2006) and social interactions (Nixon, 1993; Poczwardowski, Barrot, and Henschen, 2002; Zeigler, 1980). 2 While one of the aims of this study is to focus on the consequences of the discontinuation of the Irish senior basketball programme on coach development, it aims to provide a description of the sources of development that lead to top level coaching in Irish basketball. Research advocates that the coaching process is individual to each context, and should be researched as such (Cross, 1995; Shempp, 1998: Tinning, 1982). 1.3 ATHLETE DEVELOPMENT While coaching research is still within the nascent stage of sports research, athlete research is a well-established discipline. Therefore, a large amount of research pertaining to athlete development exists, specifically, examining the stages of development for athletes and the comparison of elite athletes and amateurs. According to the literature athlete development is influenced by numerous factors namely: genetics (Galton, 1876), opportunities to play (Côté, 1999), the coach (Gould, Guinan, Greenleaf, Medberty and Peterson, 1999; Jowett and Cockerill, 2003),