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Cover Sheet for Technical Memorandum @ Bell Laboratories Cover Sheet for Technical Memorandum The information contained herein is jar the use of employees of Bell laboratories and is not for publication. (See GEi J 3. 9-3 Title- The MINI-UNIX System Date- January 3, 1977 TM- 77-1352-1 Other Keywords- UNIX Operating Systems PDPll Author Location Extension Charging Case- 39394 H. Lycklama MH 7C-211 6170 Filing Case- 39394-11 ABSTRACT The MINI-UNIX Operating System is basically the UNIX Operating Sys• tem re-written to run on a PDP-11 processor without a segmentation unit. The system supports all of the standard system calls of UNIX with the exception of: ptrace, pipe, prof, getgid and setgid. The entire system resides in 12K words of memory and is written in the C language. An emulation package is included for those machines which do not support the extended instruction set (e.g. mul, div, ash, etc.). The system will support up to 4 users using a simple round• robin time-slice scheduling algorithm. It provides an inexpensive software development system in a UNIX time-sharing environment for those installa• tions with insufficient hardware to support the full standard UNIX Operating System. Pages Text 5 Other 3 Total 8 No. Figures 0 No. Tables 0 No. Refs. 4 E-1932-U (6-73) SEE REVERSE SIDE FOR DISTRIBUTION LIST L TELE PHONE LA BORATORIES, INC. TM-77 -1352-1 DIS1'RIBUTION (RE!'ER GEI 13.9-3) MPLET.E MEMO RA NDUM TO COMPLETE MEMORANDUM ro COMPLETE MEMORANDUM TO COVER SHEEf ONLX TO COVER SHEET ONLY ro RRESPONOENCE FILES KAISER,J F WAGNER,MARX R BROWNE,PAUL N EDDY, MICHAEL R KEEFAUVER, W L WALDHUfU!,JEFFREY 5 BROWN,C W EDELSON,DAVID OFFICIAL FILE COPY <KEESE,W M WALTON,J RANDOLPH BROWN,JAMES W EDMUNDS,T W PLUS ONE COPY FOR KIKOLSKI,H J,JR WEBB,D A BURES,C EITELBACH,DAVID L EACH ADDITIONAL FILING KOGELNIK,H W WELLER,D R BURGESS,JOHN T,JR ELLIOTT,RUBY J CASE REFERENCED KOLL,V G WELLIVER,B S BURNETTE, W A EL-SHABAZZ, I'. M KUBIK,P S WOLF,W J,Ji<. BURNET, ROSE M ELY,T C DATE FILE COPY KUSTKA,G J WOLONTIS,V MICHAEL BURROWS,THOMAS A EPLEY,ROBERI V (FORM E-1328) LAGGY,W J <YAMIN,ELAINE E <BUTZIEN,PAUL E ERRICHIELLO,PHILIP M LAX,M ZEIGLER,ROBERr M CALLAHAN,R L ESTES,VIRGINIA DANIELLE 10 REFERENCE COPIES LEPPALA,R A 124 NAMES CAMPBELL,JERRY H ESTOCK,RICHARD G LIMB,JOHN 0 CANADAY,RUDD H EVENSON,E K LES,H G +LINK,G L CANDY,J C FACTOR,ROBERT M DERSON,ROBERT V LONG, P F COVER SHEET ONLY TO CANNON,T B FASCIANO,V DERSON,W A LOZIER,JOHN C CARDOZA,WAYNE M FEINBERG,HENRY R DIS,R B LUCKY,R W CARRAN,JOHN H FELTON,WILLIAM A THURS,E LUDERER,GOTTFRIED WR CORRESPONDENCE FILES CARR,DAVID C FERRER,NANCY L ERY,J R <LYCKLAMA A NYEHOLT,H CASEY,J L <FLANAGAN,J L YER,D L MACCHIONE,WILLIAM 4 COPIES PLUS ONE CATO,H E FLANDRENA,R RGERON,DAVID N MALEK,G COPY FOR ~ACH FILING CHAFFEE,N F FOLEY,G YD,GARY D MARANZANO,J F CASE CHARLES,JOYCE FONTENOT,SHARON M YLE,W S MARKEVICH,J A CHEE,T FORTNEY,V J ADLEY,M HELEN MAUZEY,P ACKERMAN,A FRANK CHEN,STEPHEN FOUNTOUKIDIS,A ANDT,RICHARD B MAXSON,H S,JR AHO,ALFRED V CHERRY,LORINDA L FRANKLIN,DANIEL L EECE,H T,3RD <MC DONALO,H S ALBERTS,dARBARA A CHIANG,T C FRANKS, RICHARD L EEN,ROBERT N MCILROY,M DOUGLAS ALEXIS,A D,JR CHODROW,M M FRANK,H GREGORY OWN,W STANLEY MFADORS,HOWARD C,JR ALLISON,C E,JR CHRIST,C W,JR FRANZ,ANN M RNS,HARRY S MEIRI,A ZVI AMITAY,N CLOUTIER,J FRASER,A G MLE'I,J V,JR MILLER,STEWART E AMOSS,JOHN J CLYMER,J C FREEDMAN,MARVIN I REY,J E MORGAN, SAMUEL P ANDERSON,C R COHEN,HARVEY FREEMAN,R DON RRATO,R C MUELLER,KURT H ANTONEi:.LI,PHYLLIS COLDREN,L A GANGAWARE,BERNICE C RISTENSEN,C MYER,D J ARNOLD,GEORGE W <COLE,LOUIS M GANNON,T F ,OGSTON, ALBERT M NINKE,WILLIAM H ARNOLD,S L <COLLIER,ROBERT J <GATES,G W HEN,AARON S ORTEL,WILLIAM CG ARTIS,H P COMMRADE,GERALDINE GELBEP,CHERON L NNOLLY,C V PALUMBO,N P BACCASH,JEANNE M COOK,T J GIBSON,H T,JR ,pP,DAVID H PECK,R J BACKUS,C F,SR COREY,D A GIBSON,T A ASZAR,MARYANN PENZIAS,A A BAKER,BRENDA S COSTELLO,PETER E GILLON,ALEX C TLER,C CHAPIN PEREZ,CATHERINE D (BALDWIN,GARY L COSTON,W P GILL,R J :NNIS,T M PINSON, ELLIOT N BALDWIN,GEORGE L (COURTNEY-PRATT,J S GINSBERG,N LAN,MARIE T PREVITE,R A BATTAGLIA,FRANCES CRAGUN,DONALD W (GLASSER,ALAN L ,wo,P G +PRIM, R C BAUER,HELEN A CRANE,R P GODWIN,R E IO,W H RALEIGH,T M <BAUGH,C R CROWE,MARGAREr M GOETZ,FRANK M .RRELL,JAMES W RITACCO,J E BECKETT,J T CUNNINGHAM,S J,JR GOGUEN,N H :DER,J (ROBERTS,CHARLES S BEL BRUNO,KATHLEEN A DAVIDSON,CHARLES LEWIS (GORMAN,J E ORE,RHODA J ROBINSON,H E BERGERON,R F,JR DAVIS,D R GORTON,D R SCHER,W C SCHROEDER, H C BERNSTEIN,DANIELLE R DAVIS,R DREW <GRAHAM,R L .EENY ,STAN L SEIBEL,RICHARD R <BEYER,JEAN-DAVID DE GRAAF,D A GRANT,GEORGE E LCOMER,E J,JR SHERBON,W E BIANCHI,M H DE JAGER,D S GRAVEMAN,R F LLETTE,DEAN SIPEK,S J BIRCHALL,R H DE PAOLA,THELMA T GREENBAUM,HOWARD J ORDANO,PHILIP P SLICHTER,W P BIREN,IRMA B DENISON,JOANNA GRESHAM,J P 1LDENBERG, H R SWARTZWELDER,J C BITTRICH,MARY E DERMOND,FAITH L GROSS,ARTHUR G :ANGER, ROBERT H SWIFT,R E BLAZIER,S D DEVLIN,N V GUIDI,PIER V ITHERY,S B TAGUE,BERKLEY A BLINN,J C DICK,G W GUTT,DONALD J ,GELBARGER, DAVID TERRY,M E BLUM,MARION OOBLMAIER,A H HAGGERTY,JOSEPH P ,HNER,MRS IRENE A <TEWKSBURY,S K BONANNI,L E DOLOTTA,r A HAIGHT,R C ,NNAY,N B (THOMPSON,J S BOTHUR,R H OONKIN,A E HALL,J T ,NSELL,P D TONG,S Y BOURNE,STEPHEN R DONOFRIO,LOUIS,J HALPIN,T ,USE,A DICKSON TOWNLEY,RAY C BOWRA,JAMES W DRENNING,C R HAMILTON,LINDA L :NRY,J B TREMOULET,PAUL C BOWYER,L RAY DRUMMOND,R E HAMILTON,PATRICIA A RSCH,D TUKEY,JOHN W BOYLE,GERALD C DSTEi'AN,D J HANCOCK,J DAVID 1DUM,HARRY C UNION,R .F BRADFORD,EDWARD G DUDICK,ANTHONY L <HANNAH,JUDY R INT,C J USAS,ALAN M BRAINARD,!< C DUDLEY,ELIZABETH H HANSEN,LYNN D 1HN$ON,T W VOGEL,GERALD C BRANTLEY,JOAN T DWYER,T J HAYDEN,DONALD F,JR NAMED BY AUTHOR > CITED AS REFER~NCE < REQUESTED BY READER (NA~lES WITHOUT PREFIX 1162 TOTAL IERE SELECTED USING THE AUTHOR'S SUBJECT OR ORGANIZATIONAL SPECIFICATION AS GIVEN BELOW) :CURY SPECIFICATION •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• IPLETE MEMO TO: 135-DPH 13-DIR 11-EXD 15-EXD 16-EXD 127-SUP 135-SUP 10-EXD 3114 1352 1356 1359 :34 'ER SHEET TO: 135-MTS 9152-MTS 1271 1273 IOSi = UNIX/OPERA'IING SYSTEM ·----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- '>-. LYCKLAMA,H TM-77-1352-1 MH 7C211 TOTAL PAGES 8 GET A COMPLETE COPY: PLEASE SEND A COMPLETE COPY TO THE ADDRESS SHOWN ON THE OTHER SIDE NO ENVELOPE WILL BE NEEDED IF YOU SIMPLY STAPLE THIS COVER BE SURE YOUR COi<.REC'I ADDRESS IS GIVEN ON THE OTHER SIDE. SHEET TO THE COMPLETE COPY. FOLD THIS SHEET IN HALF WITH THIS SIDE OUT AND STAPLE. IF COPIES ARE NO LONGER AVAILABLE PLEASE FORWARD THIS CIRCLE THE ADDRESS AT RIGHT. USE NO ENVELOPE. IU.QUEST TO THE CORRESPONDENCE FILES. @) Bell Laboratories Subject: The MINI-UNIX System date: January 3, 1977 Case- 39394 -- File- 39394-11 from: H. Lycklama TM: 77-1352-1 MEMORANDUM FOR FILE 1. Introduction The MINI-UNIX Operating System was written to run on all PDP-11 processors without the memory management unit available on the PDP-11/40, 11/45 and 11/70 processors and is therefore restricted to a 28K word address space. The operating system itself (MX) is basically a modified version of the Version 6 UNIX Operating System (1) and as such supports most of the standard UNIX "system calls". The system resides in 12K words of memory and is written in the C language. An instruction emulation package is included in the system for those machines which do not support the extended instruction set (e.g. mul, div, ash, etc.). The sys• tem supports up to four users using a simple round-robin time-slicing algorithm. It supports all of the UNIX user programs unmodified. User programs which have been slightly modified are discussed in a later section. MINI-UNIX thus provides an inexpensive software development system in a UNIX time-sharing environment for those installations with a minimum amount of hardware which is insufficient to support the full Version 6 UNIX Operating System. Other software tools are also available for easing the transition from software written under the DEC DOS Operating System. This includes a macro assembler and linker. 2. Hardware The MINI-UNIX system runs on any PDP-11 processor with 28K words of memory. The PDP-11 computer is a 16-bit word mini-computer with a UNIBUS for interfacing DEC peri• pherals to the CPU.
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