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Study Number – 187 Assessment of the Status of Dairying and Potential to Improve Socio- documentEconomic subtitle] Status of the Milk Producers in West Bengal Debanshu Majumder Ranjan K. Biswas Bitan Mondal Ashok Sinha Study sponsored by Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Government of India, New Delhi Agro-Economic Research Centre (For the States of West Bengal, Sikkim and Andaman & Nicobar Islands) Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan West Bengal October 2017 Study No –187 Assessment of the Status of Dairying and Potential to Improve Socio-Economic Status of the Milk Producers in West Bengal Debanshu Majumder Ranjan K. Biswas Bitan Mondal Ashok Sinha Study sponsored by Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Government of India, New Delhi Agro-Economic Research Centre (For the States of West Bengal, Sikkim and Andaman & Nicobar Islands) Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan West Bengal October – 2017 Citation: AERC (2017). Assessment of the Status of Dairying and Potential to Improve Socio-Economic Status of the Milk Producers in West Bengal; Study No. - 187, Agro-Economic Research Centre (For the States of West Bengal, Sikkim and Andaman & Nicobar Islands), Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, pp.- xxiv+139 Project Team: Team Leader Debanshu Majumder Drafting and Report Writing Debanshu Majumder Ranjan K. Biswas Bitan Mondal Field Survey and Tabulation Ashok Sinha Vivekananda Datta Debajit Roy Nityananda Maji Munsi Abdul Khaleque Ranjan K. Biswas Debanshu Majumder Secretarial Assistance Dibyendu Mondal Parag Mitra Debsankar Das Amulya Ratan Patra Coordinator Agro-Economic Research Centre, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat. Disclaimer: AERC Report No. 187 © Agro-Economic Research Centre, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal. Preface The study on “Assessment of the Status of Dairying and Potential to Improve Socio-Economic Status of the Milk Producers in West Bengal” is an All India Coordinated Study and was carried out at the Agro-Economic Research Centre, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal at the instance of Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi. The task of coordination has been entrusted with Agro-Economic Research Centre, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat. Dairying is an important and integral part of the rural economy of West Bengal, which is perceived to be an effective instrument for bringing socio-economic transformation in the state. It contributes nearly one-fifth to the agricultural value of output and provides employment to about 2 million people, the majority of whom are resource-poor. Production of total milk in the state has increased from a mere 35 lakh metric tones in 2000-01 to over 50 lakh metric tones in 2015-16. However, organized dairying is yet to achieve its full potential in the state. Despite of impressive growth in milk production, productivity of dairy animals continues to remain very low and milk marketing system is mostly dominated by unorganized sector. The major share of milk production of the state is used for the manufacture of traditional dairy products (channa) by unorganized sector. Further, not only the state has predominantly indigenous cows, mostly non-descript, the infrastructure for milk procurement and milk processing in the state is also very poor. Therefore, the state needs special attention as it seems to be lagging behind in dairying as compared to several states in India. The present study provides a detailed documentation of the dairy landscape in West Bengal. The task of completion of this study was assigned to Debanshu Majumder, as Team Leader. He was assisted by Ranjan Kumar Biswas, Ashok Sinha, Dabajit Roy, Vivekananda Datta, Munshi Abdul Khaleque and Nityananda Maji in field survey, data entry and tabulation. Secretarial assistance was provided by D. Mondal, D. Das, P. Mitra and A.R. Patra. B. Singh and S. Hansda helped in the office maintenance. Dr. Bitan Mondal, Institute of Agriculture also helped in compiling secondary information as well as in drafting the report. We acknowledge the generosity of Prof. Swapan Kumar Dutta, Vice Chancellor (Officiating) Visva-Bharati, and Madam Ms. Sangeeta Verma (Economic and Statistical Adviser) and Shri P. C. Bodh (Adviser-AER Division) of Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi for their guidance and necessary support in completion of the study. We also thank Prof. Bidhan C. Roy, Hony. Deputy Director, AER Centre, Visva-Bharati, for his support and comments on the draft of the present study. We are extremely indebted to Ms. Dora Saha, Manager, SAS, National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), Kolkata, for her guidance and active support in course of the study without which the present project would not have been completed. We are equally indebted to Dr. Amrita Patel, Former Chairman, NDDB, Anand and for her guidance and useful suggestions/comments during the National Workshop cum Seminar held in AER Centre, VVN, Anand. We thank our respected colleagues from the participating AER Centres for their comments during the workshop. A word of appreciation is also to Mr. Biswajit Bhattacharya, NDDB, Anand for his valued opinion and supplying secondary information regarding dairying in the state. We are deeply grateful to the Managing Directors, District Milk Unions of Bankura, Nadia, North and South Twenty Four Parganas for providing the necessary data and support in course of primary data collection. We are particularly thankful to Prof. S. S. Kalamkar, Hon’ble Director, AERC, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat for his effective coordination of the study and for his valuable suggestions and comments which he rendered from time to time in course of the study. Last but not the least; thanks are due to innumerable respondents in the villages who ungrudgingly took the pain of answering to our questions for hours at end. We thank each one of them for their invaluable support. Prof. Amit Kumar Hazra Registrar (Acting) & Hony. Director Agro-Economic Research Centre Visva –Bharati, Santiniketan ii Contents Preface i-ii List of Tables v-vii List of Figures viii List of Maps viii Executive Summary ix-xx iv Chapter I Dairy Development in West Bengal 1-39 1.1 Prelude 1 1.2 Role of Dairy Sector in State Economy of West Bengal 4 1.3 Trend in Contribution of Dairy in GSDP 6 1.4 Composition of Livestock & details on Cow and Buffalo Breeds in West Bengal State 7 1.5 Planwise Outlay and Expenditure under Dairy Development 15 1.6 Growth in Milk Production and Productivity (Regional trend) 16 1.7 Milk Consumption and Marketable Surplus 23 1.8 Status of Availability of Feed and Fodder 25 1.9 Infrastructure Development 27 1.10 Need of the study 29 1.11Objectives of the study 31 1.12 Data and Methodology 32 1.13 Limitation of the Study 38 1.14 Organization of Report 39 Chapter II Status of Dairy Development Institutions in West Bengal 40 -61 2.1 Introduction 40 2.2 Dairy Development Institutions 40 Chapter I II Policies and Programmes/ Schemes for Dairy 62 -67 Development 3.1 Introduction 62 3.2 Animal Husbandry and Dairy Development 63 Chapter IV Socio -Economic Profile of Selected Milk Unions, 68 -83 PDCS/Private Units and Milk Producers 4.1 About Selected Study Area and Milk Unions 68 4.2 About the Study Villages 72 4.3 About Sample PDCS & Private Dairy Units 76 4.4 About the Sample Households 78 4.5 Chapter Summary 82 iii Chapter V Cost of Milk Production & Awareness about the Schemes 84 -101 5.1 Introduction 84 5.2 Breedable Animals 84 5.3 Labour Use Pattern 88 5.4 Details on Feed/Fodder and Water 89 5.5 Details on Veterinary and Breeding Services and Expenditures 93 5.6 Awareness about the Schemes 94 5.7 Cost of Milk Production 96 5.8 Chapter Summary 99 Chapter VI Milk Consumption and Marketable Surplus 102 -110 6.1 Introduction 102 6.2 Use of Milk at Home and Processing 102 6.3 Sale of Milk and Cost of Milk Marketing 104 6.4 Handling of Income from Dairying 107 6.5 Problems in Milk Marketing 108 6.6 Chapter Summary 109 Chapter VII Constrains faced in Production and Marketing of Milk 111 -130 and Suggestions 7.1 Introduction 111 7.2 Service Delivery System 111 7.3 Infrastructural Constraints 115 7.4 Economic Constraints 117 7.5 Marketing Constraints 118 7.6 Technical Constraints 119 7.7 Socio-Psychological Constraints 119 7.8 Other Constraints 120 7.9 Suggestions 122 7.10 Constraints faced by PDCS /Private Dairy Units 123 7.11 Constraints faced by Milk Unions 126 7.12 Chapter Summary 128 Chapter VIII Conclusions and Recommendations 131 -134 8.1 Conclusions 131 8.2 Suggestions 133 References 135 -13 7 Annexures 13 8-139 iv List of Tables Table Title of the Table Page No. 1.1 Contribution of Gross Value of Output and Gross Value Added from 7 Agriculture and Livestock Sector to Total GSDP at Current Prices of West Bengal State 1.2 Value of Output: Agriculture and Livestock 8 1.3 Growth of the Livestock in West Bengal and India 9 1.4 Species-wise Livestock Population & its Share in Total Livestock 9 1.5 Growth in Livestock Population in West Bengal - 1951 to 2012 10 1.6 District wise Percentage share of Animals in Total Livestock Population 12 1.7 District -wise Livestock and Bovine Density (1992 -2012) 13 1.8 Distribution of West Bengal’s Cattle Breeds 13 1.9 Performance of Cattle and Buffalo Breeds 14 1.10 Livestock per 100 Households across Landholding Size: West Bengal 14 1.11 No of Major Livestock Species per 100 Households across Landholding 15 Size in West Bengal (1982 & 1992)
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