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A Comparative Analysis of the GSDP of the Four Eastern States of India

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A Comparative Analysis of the GSDP of the Four Eastern States of India Asian Journal of Managerial Science ISSN: 2249-6300 Vol. 7. No. 1, 2018, pp.7-19 © The Research Publication, www.trp.org.in A Comparative Analysis of the GSDP of the Four Eastern States of India Anil Bhuimali1 and Mukul Saha2 1Vice-Chancellor, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal, India 2Associate Professor, Prabhu Jagatbandhu College, Howrah, West Bengal, India E-Mail: [email protected] Abstract - In this paper entitled "A Comparative Analysis of I. INTRODUCTION the GSDP of the Four Eastern States of India" we will compare the GSDP of the four eastern states of West Bengal, In this paper entitled "A Comparative Analysis of the GSDP Bihar, Odisha and Jharkhand, their status in relation to some of the Four Eastern States of India", we will compare the economically more developed states like Maharashtra, Gujarat GSDP of the four eastern states of West Bengal, Bihar, and Tamil Nadu and also all India. The paper focuses on the development perspective of these states essentially with Odisha and Jharkhand, their status in relation to some reference to the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). The economically more developed states like Maharashtra, Gross State Domestic Product of a state comprises of the Gujarat and Tamil Nadu and also all India. The paper primary sector, secondary sector and the tertiary sector. focuses on the development perspective of these states Agriculture, forestry, mining and fisheries are the primary essentially with reference to the Gross State Domestic sector. But in our study we have considered only agriculture Product (GSDP). and excluded the allied activities. Industrial and manufacturing comprise of the secondary sector. In the II. GSDP: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS tertiary sector we find services like IT, banking and all other services which are not included in the primary and secondary sectors. In this paper we discuss the Gross State Domestic The economic development of any state depends on the Product of the four eastern states which is the main pillar of a GSDP of that state and so we focus on the discussion of the state's economy. GSDP of these states. Further, the economy of any state depends to a great extent on the demography of the state. So Keywords: Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP), Gross before moving on to discuss the GSDP we first study some Domestic Product (GDP), demography, agriculture, industry, important selective features of demography for a service sector comparative analysis. Table I gives us the density of population, total population and the area of the states as per 2001 and 2011 census. TABLE I DEMOGRAPHY Demographic Criteria States /Year West Bengal Bihar Odisha Jharkhand All India Density of Population (per square km) 2001 903 881 236 338 325 (Growth Rate) 1028 1106 270 414 382 2011 (13.80%) (25.50%) (14.40%) (22.50%) (17.50%) 2011 77.08 63.82 72.87 66.41 74.04 2001 80176 82999 36805 26,946 1028737 Total Population(in thousands) 2011 91276 104099 41974 32,988 1210855 Area( in square km) 2001/2011 88752 99200 155820 79714 3287263 Source: Census 2001 and 2011 We see in table 1 that the area of Odisha (155820 sq.km) is In case of all India the density of population is 382 per the highest among the four eastern states of our study, sq.km in the year 2011. Density of population of Bihar is whereas its population is the second lowest (41974000) in nearly three times than the all India figure, whereas West the year 2011. Consequently we find that the density of Bengal is more than two and half times of all India. This is population of Odisha is the lowest (270 per sq.km). In case detrimental for the economy of these two overpopulated of Bihar (1106 per sq. km) the density of population is the states and it is a hindering factor in the development of highest amongst the four states followed by West Bengal these states. Since area of a state is fixed so increase in (1028 per sq. km) and lastly Jharkhand (414 per sq. km) in population results in increase in density of population. Here the year 2011. growth rate of density of population is nothing but the 7 AJMS Vol.7 No.1 January-June 2018 Anil Bhuimali and Mukul Saha growth rate of population of the state. An interesting point having a population of 3.3 crores in the year 2011. to be noted in the table 1 is that in the period 2001-2011 the Population has a great impact in the per capita analysis. So growth rate of density of population is the highest in Bihar we may say that population is a determining factor in the (25.5%), whereas in case of Jharkhand it is 22.5%. economic health of a state. Now we move on to discuss the Comparing this with all India figure (17.5%) it is seen that Gross State Domestic Product which is the main pillar of a the growth rate of Bihar and Jharkhand are much higher state's economy. In this paper we compare the four eastern than all India, whereas West Bengal (13.8%) and Odisha states with some of the more economically developed states (14.4%) are less than the all India figure. like Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu to see how far behind are the eastern states. Bihar's density of population as well as total population is quite high. Moreover its growth rate of population is also Table II gives the GSDP of each state at current price with very high. This implies that Bihar has failed miserably to base year 2004-2005 and also as a percentage on GDP. This control its population growth. We see in the table 1 that table has been diagrammatically represented in Figures 1 Bihar (10.4 crores) has the highest population amongst the and 2. four eastern states followed by West Bengal (9.1 crores), Odisha having only 4.2 crores and the lowest is Jharkhand TABLE II GSDP*(AT CURRENT PRICE, BASE: 2004-05) AND ITS PERCENTAGE ON GDP All West Bengal Bihar Odisha Jharkhand Maharashtra Gujarat Tamil Nadu India % % % % % % % Year GSDP on GSDP on GSDP on GSDP on GSDP on GSDP on GSDP on GDP (Lakh) GD (Lakh) GD (Lakh) GD (Lakh) GD (Lakh) GD (Lakh) GD (Lakh) GD (Lakh) P P P P P P P 2004 19874 7.4 73924 2.7 74076 2.7 57635 2.1 404975 15. 19741 7.3 21566 8.0 268039 -05 101 1 34 6 22 6 60 5 70 11 300 7 816 5 266 2005 21952 7.0 78531 2.5 81490 2.6 58500 1.8 473898 15. 23773 7.6 25302 8.1 309966 -06 421 8 76 3 04 3 02 9 88 29 900 7 503 6 370 2006 24953 6.8 96315 2.6 97821 2.6 62840 1.7 568240 15. 27572 7.5 30472 8.3 363214 -07 590 7 56 5 93 9 05 3 96 64 500 9 422 9 894 2007 28558 6.7 10912 2.5 12463 2.9 80842 1.9 668844 15. 32246 34480 8.1 424147 7.6 -08 194 3 604 7 408 4 77 1 60 77 500 000 3 540 2008 32629 6.6 13671 2.7 14352 2.9 84805 1.7 737334 15. 35995 7.3 39381 8.0 489263 -09 753 7 226 9 475 3 25 3 45 07 100 6 538 5 584 2009 38068 6.7 15724 2.7 15749 97256 1.7 835851 14. 42269 7.5 47103 8.3 562950 2.8 -10 844 6 638 9 150 33 3 82 85 300 1 873 7 105 2010 44141 6.5 19768 2.9 19067 2.8 12298 1.8 102694 15. 51233 57441 8.5 674354 7.6 -11 891 5 970 3 869 3 428 2 844 23 288 940 2 339 2011 50471 6.5 23627 3.0 21328 2.7 13040 1.6 114441 14. 58867 7.6 65640 8.5 771650 -12 043 4 182 6 494 6 912 9 076 83 462 3 995 1 954 2012 57696 28570 3.2 24320 2.7 14588 1.6 129344 14. 64611 7.3 73291 8.3 874584 6.6 -13 095 453 7 890 8 365 7 359 79 306 9 473 8 975 2013 67267 6.7 33430 3.3 26355 2.6 16619 1.6 147374 14. 75151 7.5 84142 8.4 999505 -14 267 3 298 4 447 4 705 6 304 74 245 2 626 2 862 - - - - - AA 2.8 0.5 14.76 1.0 19.24 15.9 0.0 13.55 2.0 15.35 0.5 15.92 0.0 16.53 15.94 GR 4 1 2 4 6 1 2 Source: Compiled from Reserve Bank of India, Handbook of Statistics on Indian States for different years and calculated by the researcher. * Note: Here GSDP does not include the allied activities like fishery, forestry etc. in agriculture Source: Same as table II above Fig.1 Gross State Domestic Product (at Current Price, Base: 2004-05) AJMS Vol.7 No.1 January-June 2018 8 A Comparative Analysis of the GSDP of the Four Eastern States of India In figure 1 we see that the GSDP of all the seven states has Comparison of the eastern states with the developed states increased over the period 2004-05 to 2013-14. Among the of Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu shows that the four eastern states West Bengal has the highest GSDP economic condition of the eastern states is miserable followed by Bihar, Odisha and the lowest is Jharkhand.
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