After State Socialism: Regime Change and Transformational Recessions
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Marxist Leninist Position on Death Penalty
Marxist Leninist Position On Death Penalty Tyson is braced and letting prudishly as deplorable Kelwin orchestrates boundlessly and pargeted unceremoniously. Alarmist Edwin installs paniculately. Plectognathous Weber skewers some wases and unwind his crystalloid so insubstantially! This view not been first attacked by Plekhanov in the 10s. This document is written read the Communist Party of India Maoist and is. Lenin's Legacy The Statesman. The conclusion I undertake is reluctant on the Marxist-Leninist view equality of incomes is. Save Kulbhushan Jadhav Communist Party of India Marxist. Socialism in of its forms Marxism-Leninism in the Soviet Union Maoism. Opposition to the government is prohibited which it why Hitler killed socialists and communist prior to becoming fuhrer and placed others in. Explicit condemnation of Marxism-Leninism and its emphatic denunciation of unrestrained. Marx's Concept of Socialism Oxford Handbooks. Death penalties 2066637 sentences for 01 year 4362973 for 25 years 1611293 for 610 years and 26795 for sure than 10 years. Social Justice Critical Race Theory Marxism and Biblical. Get access to defeat mass of death penalty on the death penalty only thing. Lenin in context by L Proyect Columbia University. Same position partially as a result of making their death penalty discretionary. At our both the atoms that formed the body like those that formed the soul. The Role of Prisons in a Socialist Future. Introduced the death penalty be the khishchenie plundering or embezzlement. But turnover is stretch only if educated liberal opinion simply this not revolve about tyranny. Trotsky held steady this tree until Adolf Hitler became general of. -
Carbon Implications of Forest Restitution in Post-Socialist Romania
Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience Carbon implications of forest restitution in post-socialist Romania This article has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text article. 2011 Environ. Res. Lett. 6 045202 (http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/6/4/045202) View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more Download details: IP Address: 128.197.75.170 The article was downloaded on 12/10/2011 at 13:53 Please note that terms and conditions apply. IOP PUBLISHING ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS Environ. Res. Lett. 6 (2011) 045202 (10pp) doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045202 Carbon implications of forest restitution in post-socialist Romania P Olofsson1, T Kuemmerle2, P Griffiths3,JKnorn3, A Baccini4, VGancz5, V Blujdea6, R A Houghton4, I V Abrudan7 and C E Woodcock1 1 Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA 2 Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Telegraphenberg A62, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany 3 Department of Geography, Humboldt-University Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany 4 Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, MA 02540, USA 5 Forest Research and Management Institute (ICAS), Sos. Stefanesti 128, 077190 Voluntari, Bucharest, Romania 6 European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Climate Change and Air Quality Unit, Via Fermi, 21027 Ispra, Italy 7 Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transylvania University of Brasov, Street Sirul Beethoven, nr. 1, Brasov, Romania E-mail: [email protected] Received 28 June 2011 Accepted for publication 9 September 2011 Published 10 October 2011 Online at stacks.iop.org/ERL/6/045202 Abstract The collapse of socialism in 1989 triggered a phase of institutional restructuring in Central and Eastern Europe. -
Noble Hardwoods Network
EUROPEAN FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES PROGRAMME (EUFORGEN) Noble Hardwoods Network Report of the second meeting 22-25 March 1997 Lourizan, Spain J. Turok, E. Collin, B. Demesure, G. Eriksson, J. Kleinschmit, M. Rusanen and R. Stephan, compilers ii NOBLE HARDWOODS NETWORK: SECOND MEETING The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRl) is an autonomous international scientific organization, supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). IPGRl's mandate is to advance the conservation and use of plant genetic resources for the benefit of present and future generations. IPGRl's headquarters is based in Rome, Italy, with offices in another 14 countries worldwide. It operates through three programmes: (1) the Plant Genetic Resources Programme, (2) the CGIAR Genetic Resources Support Programme, and (3) the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP). The international status of IPGRl is conferred under an Establishment Agreement which, by January 1998, had been signed and ratified by the Governments of Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovak Republic, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda and Ukraine. Financial support for the Research Agenda of -
The Case of Albania During the Enver Hoxha Era
Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 40 Issue 6 Article 8 8-2020 State-Sponsored Atheism: The Case of Albania during the Enver Hoxha Era İbrahim Karataş Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Eastern European Studies Commons, Policy History, Theory, and Methods Commons, Religion Commons, and the Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Commons Recommended Citation Karataş, İbrahim (2020) "State-Sponsored Atheism: The Case of Albania during the Enver Hoxha Era," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 40 : Iss. 6 , Article 8. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol40/iss6/8 This Peer-Reviewed Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STATE-SPONSORED ATHEISM: THE CASE OF ALBANIA DURING THE ENVER HOXHA ERA By İbrahim Karataş İbrahim Karataş graduated from the Department of International Relations at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara in 2001. He took his master’s degree from the Istanbul Sababattin Zaim University in the Political Science and International Relations Department in 2017. He subsequently finished his Ph.D. program from the same department and the same university in 2020. Karataş also worked in an aviation company before switching to academia. He is also a professional journalist in Turkey. His areas of study are the Middle East, security, and migration. ORCID: 0000-0002-2125-1840. -
The Rise and Fall of World Communism 1917–Present
The Rise and Fall of World Communism 1917–Present CHAPTER OVERVIEW CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES • To examine the nature of the Russian and Chinese revolutions and how the differences between those revolutions affected the introduction of communist regimes in those countries • To consider how communist states developed, especially in the USSR and the People’s Republic of China • To consider the benefits of a communist state • To consider the harm caused by the two great communist states of the twentieth century • To introduce students to the cold war and its major issues • To explore the reasons why communism collapsed in the USSR and China • To consider how we might assess the communist experience . and to inquire if historians should be asking such questions about moral judgment CHAPTER OUTLINE I. Opening Vignette A. The Berlin Wall was breached on November 9, 1989. 1. built in 1961 to seal off East Berlin from West Berlin 2. became a major symbol of communist tyranny B. Communism had originally been greeted by many as a promise of liberation. 1. communist regimes had transformed their societies 2. provided a major political/ideological threat to the Western world a. the cold war (1946–1991) b. scramble for influence in the third world between the United States and the USSR c. massive nuclear arms race 3. and then it collapsed II. Global Communism A. Communism had its roots in nineteenth-century socialism, inspired by Karl Marx. 1. most European socialists came to believe that they could achieve their goals through the democratic process 2. those who defined themselves as “communists” in the twentieth century advocated revolution 3. -
Discerning the Global 1989 Through the Lens of 1989 As World-Historical
www.ssoar.info Discerning the global in the European revolutions of 1989 Armbruster, Chris Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Arbeitspapier / working paper Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Armbruster, C. (2008). Discerning the global in the European revolutions of 1989. (Working Paper Series of the Research Network 1989, 12). Berlin. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-27092 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de Working Paper Series of the Research Network 1989 Working Paper 12/2008 ISSN 1867-2833 Discerning the Global in the European Revolutions of 1989 Chris Armbruster Executive Director, Research Network 1989 www.cee-socialscience.net/1989 Research Associate, Max Planck Digital Library, Max Planck Society www.mpdl.mpg.d Abstract With the benefit of hindsight it becomes easier to appraise the historical significance and impact of the European revolutions of 1989. By a privileging a global point of view, it becomes possible to leave behind the prevalent perspective of 1989 as a regional transition of Central Europe only. This essay does not substitute the stultifying regional perspective for a globalist -
Chinese Communist Law: Its Background and Development
Michigan Law Review Volume 60 Issue 4 1962 Chinese Communist Law: Its Background and Development Luke T. Lee Research Fellow in Chinese Law at Harvard University Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Law and Philosophy Commons, Legal Education Commons, Legal History Commons, and the Legal Profession Commons Recommended Citation Luke T. Lee, Chinese Communist Law: Its Background and Development, 60 MICH. L. REV. 439 (1962). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol60/iss4/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Law Review at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHINESE COMMUNIST LAW: ITS BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENTt Luke T. Lee* I. INTRODUCTION T is perhaps axiomatic to state that law is more than an instru I ment for the settlement of disputes and punishment of wrong doers; it is, more importantly, a reflection of the way of life and the philosophy of the people that live under it. Self-evident though the above may be, it bears repeating here, for there is a much greater need for understanding Chinese law now than ever before. China's growing ideological, political, economic, and military impact on the rest of the world would alone serve as a powerful motivation for the study of its law. Certainly, we could not even begin to understand China's foreign policies, its future role in international organizations, its treatment of foreign rights and interests in China, and, above all, the acceptability of the Com munist regime to the Chinese people, without some knowledge of its legal system and its concepts of justice and law, both domestic and international. -
SEEMIG Historical Analysis Romania
Dynamic Historical Analysis of Longer Term Migratory, Labour Market and Human Capital Processes in Romania Horváth István Romanian Institute for Research on National Minorities Kiss Tamás Romanian Institute for Research on National Minorities 2013 Dynamic Historical Analysis – Country Report Romania This country report was developed in the framework of SEEMIG – Managing Migration and its Effects in SEE – Transnational Actions towards Evidence-based Strategies. SEEMIG is a strategic project funded by the European Union’s South-East Europe Programme. Project code: SEEMIG - SEE/C/0006/4.1/X The country report was prepared within the SEEMIG activity Conceptual framework for modelling longer term migratory, labour market and human capital processes coordinated by the University of Vienna. The information published here reflects the authors’ views and the Managing Authority is not liable for any use that may be made of the information concerned. © István, Horváth - Kiss, Tamás All Rights Reserved. Information for reproducing excerpts from this report can be found at www.seemig.eu. Inquiries can also be directed to: University of Vienna, Dept. of Geography and Regional Research, Universitaetsstrasse 7/5, A-1010 Vienna or by contacting [email protected]. Suggested citation: István, Horváth - Kiss, Tamás (2013): Dynamic Historical Analysis of Longer Term Migratory, Labour Market and Human Capital Processes in Romania. Country report developed within the project ‘SEEMIG Managing Migration and Its Effects – Transnational Actions Towards -
Women and Communist China Under Mao Zedong: Seeds of Gender Equality Michael Wielink
WOMEN AND COMMUNIST CHINA UNDER MAO ZEDONG: SEEDS OF GENDER EQUALITY MICHAEL WIELINK The mid twentieth century was a tumultuous and transformative period in the history of China. Following over two decades of civil and international war, Mao Zedong and the Communist Party seized control and established the People’s Republic of China on October 1, 1949. Mao Zedong’s famed political slogan “Women Hold Up Half The Sky”1 was powerful rhetoric, with the apparent emphasis on gender equality and inferred concepts of equality and sameness. Women did not achieve equality with men, nor did they attain egalitarian self- determination or social autonomy. Mao envisaged “women’s equality” as a dynamic force with an indelible power to help build a Chinese Communist State. An in-depth investigation into the social, cultural, and economic roles of women, both rural and urban, illustrates how women inextricably worked within Mao’s Communist nation-building efforts to slowly erode gender inequalities. While full gender equality never came to fruition, this era allowed women to experience a broad range of experiences, which ultimately contained the seeds of change toward breaking down gender stratification. Viewed through this lens, a window of understanding opens up about gender dynamics in Mao’s China and how the first cracks in gender inequality appeared in China. Perhaps the best starting point is to understand the social status of women in China prior to the Communist Revolution. Chinese women, not unlike women in most cultures, have historically suffered as a result of their comparatively low status. The Confucian philosophy (551-479 B.C.E) of “filial piety” produced a deep rooted and systematic gender inequality for women in China. -
Was the Inca Empire a Socialist State? A
INCA EMPIRE 55 WAS THE INCA EMPIRE A SOCIALIST STATE? A HISTORICAL DISCUSSION meadow, and they tilled in common a portion of the agricultural land for the support of the chief, the cult 2 Kevin R. Harris and the aged. However, not all land was used for communal purposes all Before the Spanish conquest of the Americas in the fifteenth and the time. Sometimes individual members of the community used sixteenth centuries, the Inca Empire spread down much of the the land for a period of time for personal use. Llamas and modern South American coast in the Andes Mountains. The alpacas also grazed on the land. These large animals were used empire consisted of more than ten million inhabitants and had, for work and their wool was used to make clothing in the Inca 3 at the time, a very unique political and economic system. The State. When a common couple was married the community 4 government divided land and animals amongst members of the built them a modest house. It was a custom in Incan society for nation, not necessarily equally, and a system was in place to take people to help others in the community who were in need. care of the elderly and sick. Social scientists have been debating “People were expected to lend their labor to cultivate neighbors’ how to classify the Inca Empire for centuries. Arguments have land, and expected that neighbors would help them in due been made which classified the Inca Empire as a socialist state. course. All capable people were collaborated to support the Many elements of socialism existed in the Inca Empire, but can incapable—orphans, widows, the sick—with food and 5 the state really be classified as socialistic? housing.” Inca commoners expected this courtesy from their The Incas moved into the area which is now known as the neighbors. -
Does Privatization Hurt Workers? Lessons from Comprehensive Manufacturing Firm Panel Data in Hungary, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Brown, J. David; Earle, John S.; Telegdy, Almos Working Paper Does privatization hurt workers? Lessons from comprehensive manufacturing firm panel data in Hungary, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine Upjohn Institute Working Paper, No. 05-125 Provided in Cooperation with: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Kalamazoo, Mich. Suggested Citation: Brown, J. David; Earle, John S.; Telegdy, Almos (2006) : Does privatization hurt workers? Lessons from comprehensive manufacturing firm panel data in Hungary, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine, Upjohn Institute Working Paper, No. 05-125, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Kalamazoo, MI, http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp05-125 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/64368 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. -
Carbon Implications of Forest Restitution in Post-Socialist Romania
Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience Carbon implications of forest restitution in post-socialist Romania This article has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text article. 2011 Environ. Res. Lett. 6 045202 (http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/6/4/045202) View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more Download details: IP Address: 199.92.170.32 The article was downloaded on 31/01/2012 at 15:00 Please note that terms and conditions apply. IOP PUBLISHING ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS Environ. Res. Lett. 6 (2011) 045202 (10pp) doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045202 Carbon implications of forest restitution in post-socialist Romania P Olofsson1, T Kuemmerle2, P Griffiths3,JKnorn3, A Baccini4, VGancz5, V Blujdea6, R A Houghton4, I V Abrudan7 and C E Woodcock1 1 Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA 2 Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Telegraphenberg A62, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany 3 Department of Geography, Humboldt-University Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany 4 Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, MA 02540, USA 5 Forest Research and Management Institute (ICAS), Sos. Stefanesti 128, 077190 Voluntari, Bucharest, Romania 6 European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Climate Change and Air Quality Unit, Via Fermi, 21027 Ispra, Italy 7 Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transylvania University of Brasov, Street Sirul Beethoven, nr. 1, Brasov, Romania E-mail: [email protected] Received 28 June 2011 Accepted for publication 9 September 2011 Published 10 October 2011 Online at stacks.iop.org/ERL/6/045202 Abstract The collapse of socialism in 1989 triggered a phase of institutional restructuring in Central and Eastern Europe.