DOCSLIB.ORG

Analyses of Great Smoky Mountain Red Spruce Tree Ring Data

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Analyses of Great Smoky Mountain Red Spruce Tree Ring Data United States Department of Analyses of Great Smoky Agdcuttore Forest Service Mountain Red Spruce Sout-n Forest Tree Ring Data New Orleans, Louisiana i -%. Both mortality rate and radial growth of high elevation (>900 m) red spruce-Fraser fir forests of the southern Appalachians have experienced change since approximately 1960. Scientific interest In a study of these forests have increased because atmospheric pollution is a possible cause of the change. Scientists with statis tical and biological expertise independently analyzed a tree ring data set collected by the Tennessee Valley Authority and the National Park Service. The objective of the analysis was to develop new or improved techniques for extracting information from such data; tree rings represent a natural data storage system that is one of the few sources of long- term information for these forests. Although no definite statements are made about the role of atmospheric deposition in observed forest decline, the results should contribute to the success of future research. The four techniques employed in the study involved: (1) a dendrochronological approach employing spline detrending and multiple regression to study the effects of climate on ring width, (2) an application of fractals to study the dependence of variance on mean ring width over time, (3) an approach that combined Box-Jenkins methods and spatial analysis, and (4) a method of studying time dependence of ring width on climate using the Kalman filter. May 1988 Analyses of Great Smoky Mountain Red Spruce Tree Ring Data Paul C. Van Deusen EdLzor Contents INTRODUCTION ....................................................... 1 Southern Appalachian Red Spr~ce--FraserFir Forests--Elizabeth Groton and Christopher Eagar .................................... 2 A Tree Ring Analysis of Red Spruce in the Southern Appalachian Mountains--Edward R. Conk ........................................ 6 Utilizing Time Series Models and Spatial Analysis of Forecast Residuals for Tree Ring Analysis of Red Spruce--2. Keith Ord and Janice A. Derr .................................................. 21 A Fractal Approach to Analysis of Tree Ring increments--P.A. J. Taylor .......................................................... 40 Red Spruce Tree Ring Analysis Using a Kalman Filter--Paul C. Van Beusen ...................................................... 57 The Institute for Quzntitative Studies at the evidence of anomalous behwior In the red spruce USOA Forest Serv.i_ce,Southern Forest Experiment forests of the Great Smoky Mountains and suggests Station, has been engaged in a study of that this is partly due to warmer s stiatistlhcal methods used in researching temperatures in recent years. He also staces Atmospheric Deposition Influences on Forests that the situation in southern red spruce is not AD. The siludy was funded by the ifd'ationai sfml"riar Lo that Pri rzurthern red sprcjce. Vegetation Survey, which is under the Nacio _ 1 Drs. Old and Derr performed a spatial analysis Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NABAP). on the data. They concluded that there was a The study began with a distributed seminar; for tendency for ring wldths to diminish In recent EO weeks articles about ADIF were sent to a years and that there is a strong spatial number of participants who returned eoments each dependence in forecast residuals that cannot be week, A final report was produced (Kiester and explained by geographic or biotic factors alone, others 1985) consisting sf critiques of past ADIF They did not consider climate, which they mention studies, suggestions for additional reading, and could explain some of the remaining spatial philosophy about the type and quality of research dependence. The analysis performed here is novel needed in the ADIF area. for the field of dendrochronology and may lead to The study indicated that tree ring analyses useful results in the future. held promise for the study of ADIF, but further To study the dependence of variance on the mean development of appropriate statistical methods of the data, Dr. Taylor investigated the use of would be useful. Therefore the idea of "fractals," a term coined to denote fractional "replicated-statisticiansrrwas employed. Because dependence. He conc~uded that the change in there are several. ways to approach a tree ring fractional dimension over time may be due to analysis, it was probable that allowing a number successional, climatic, or anthropogenic of individuals to work independently would yield influences. This technique has not been applied some Lnteresting new dendrochronobogieal previously to tree ring data and nay show promise techniques. Red spruce (Pieea rubens Sarg.) was after further development. chosen for this study because claims were Dr. Van Deusen analyzed the data using the previously made that spruce forests were Kalman filter technique, which is commonly used experiencing unexplained growth declines in both in engineering applications, At the time of this the Northeast and the South (Hornbeck and Sxith study, the method had not been used in 1985; Adams and others 1985). Although the study dendrochronology, although scientists in the was intended to develop statlstieal methods and Netherlands (Visser 1986) have recently published not explanations of growth declines, using this a paper on independent applications of the method data allowed for that possibility to tree rings. The Kalman Filter allowed the This study was a joint endea- or by the USDkr Forest Service, the National Park Service (NBS), climatic data to be modeled dpamically so that and the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). its effect over time could be studied. He Funding came from the Forest Service and the5 TVA, concluded that these trees have become data from the TVA and NPS, and statistical progressively more sensitive to climate since the analyses were conducted by the Forest Service. late 1950's. This increased sensitivity may Agreements were made with the following coincide with insect-caused thinning in the scientists to perlorm analyses and provide stands. individual reports: All the studies concluded that the growth patterns in these stands have changed in the last (1) Edward R. Cook, Ph.D. 20 years. The causes of these changes are Tree-Ring Laboratory uncertain, but the sensitlivity of the stand to Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory climate appears to be increasing. To enhance the of Colmbia University reader ' s ability to interpret the various PalLsades, New York 10964 analyses, the individual reports are prefaced by a review by EIizsrbeth Croton and Christopher (2) Keith Ord, Bh.D. and Janice Derr, Ph.D. of the geographical and biological Department of Management Science Eagar background of the Southern Appalachian Spruce Fir Pennsylvania State University Forest. University Park, PA 16802 References cited in this seetron are: Adams, (3) Robin A. J. Taylor, Ph.D H.S.; Stephenson, S.L.; BLasing, T.J.; Duvick, Department of Entomology D.N. 1985. Growth-trend declines of' spruce and 106 Patterson Building fir in mid-Appalachian subalpine forest. Pennsylvania State University En~riro~entaland Experimental Botany. 25(4): University Park, PA IS802 315-325. Hornbeck, J.W. ; Smith, R.B. 1985. Documentation of red spruce growth decline. (4) Paul C. Van Deusen, Ph.D, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 15: 1199- Institute for Quantitative Studies 1201. Kiester, A.R.; Van Deusen, P.C.; Dell, Southern Forest Experiment Station T.R. 1985. Status of the concepts and 701 Loyola A-~enue nethodlogies used in the study of the effects of New Orleans, 'LA 70113 atmospheric deposition on forests. Internal report for the National Vegetation Survey of Dr. Cook is considered to be one of the Leaders NAPAP. Visser, ti. 1986. Analysis of tree ring in the field of dendrochronology, and his data using the Kalman Filter techniques. IAWA analysis therefore includes the most currently Bulletin n.s., Vol. 7(4) 289-297. Published at accepted techniques. He concluded that there is the Rijksherbarium, Netherlands. Soutlxern Appalachian Red Spruce--Fraser Fir Forests Elizabeth Groton and Christopher Eagar Host spruce-fir forests of the southern The southern Appalachian red spruce- Fraser fir+ Appalachians have been recently disturbed by the forests are found in southwestern Virginia, extensive mortality of Fraser fir caused by an western North Carolina, and eastern Tennessee introduced insect, the balsam woolly adelgid (fig. I), Total area of these southern . This pest, a native of Europe, Appalachian spruce-fir forests is estimated at i t that feeds on the bark of true 26,577 hectares, with 19,755 hectares occurring firs (Abies spp.). Fraser fir is quickly killed within the Great Smoky MountaFns National Park by the balsam woolly adelgid. Mortality occurs (GSMNP), Extensive logging and other between 3 and 9 years front the time of initial disturbances early in the 20th century have depending on the size and vigor of reduced the extent of the southern Appalachian an and Speers 1965). Tree death is spruce-f ir forests. Today this forest trpe caused by the diffusion of compounds secreted by occurs on high-elevation peaks (above 1,370 m) in the adelgid into the xylem during feeding, which islandlike patches. causes formation of premature heartwood. Species ' composition in the southern Translocation of water and minerals to the crown Appalachian forests changes with the elevational are greatly reduced, causing water stress and gradient. At lower elevations (1,370-1,580m) in eventual death of the tree (Puritch
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Trail Finished in Hickory Nut Gorge!
    FOURTH QUARTER 2014 Quarterly News Bulletin and Hike Schedule P.O. Box 68, Asheville, NC 28802 • www.carolinamountainclub.org • e-mail: [email protected] COUNCIL Trail finished in Hickory Nut Gorge! CORNER CMC trail crews and other vol- Why join unteers have worked for two years CMC? Let constructing and improving the access me count the trail from the trailhead up into the ways. There Florence Nature Preserve – a half are too many mile section. to count. A ceremony was held to formally But maybe celebrate the trailhead and this trail the best is (which has a new kiosk sign that has the way that maps and trail info, as well as the it will enrich CMC logo) and recognized all those your life. When you join and that played a role in making it pos- are active, you will find yourself sible, including CMC. doing all kinds of things with The ceremony included a ribbon- all kinds of interesting people cutting for first phase of the Little Bearwallow which was built by the CMC Thursday, that share many of your inter- Trail across the street – a one-mile section Friday, and DRAFT crews the past two ests and joie de vivre. Over the constructed this spring and summer by a Youth winters, construction of the trail is now years, you develop friendships Conservation Corps crew. The trailhead will complete and a handsome new stile (built with these people and find your also serve that trail, which ascends up to Little by Howard McDonald & Tom Weaver) is world is a much bigger, brighter Bearwallow Falls.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Walker-Lane, Laura Newman
    ABSTRACT WALKER-LANE, LAURA NEWMAN. The Effect of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestation on Water Relations of Carolina and Eastern Hemlock. (Under the direction of John Frampton.) In North America, hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae Annand) is an exotic insect pest from Asia that is causing severe decimation of native eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) and Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana Engelm.). Extensive research has been committed to the ecological impacts and potential control measures of HWA, but the exact physiological mechanisms that cause tree decline and mortality are not known. Eastern and Carolina hemlock may be reacting to infestation in a manner similar to the response of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh.) Poir.) to infestation by balsam woolly adelgid (BWA; Adelges picea Ratz.). It is known that Fraser fir produces abnormal xylem in response to BWA feeding. This abnormal xylem obstructs water movement within the trees, causing Fraser fir to die of water-stress. In this study, water relations within 15 eastern and Carolina hemlock were evaluated to determine if infestation by HWA was causing water-stress. Water potential, carbon-13 isotope ratio, stem conductivity, and stomatal conductance measurements were conducted on samples derived from those trees. In addition, branch samples were analyzed for possible wood anatomy alterations as a result of infestation. Pre-dawn branch water potential (Ψ) measurements were more negative in infested hemlock than in non-infested trees. Carbon isotope ratios (normalized δ13C vs. VPDB) of the branches were more positive for infested trees, while stomatal conductance (gs) was lower in infested trees. These results indicate that infested eastern and Carolina hemlock are experiencing drought-like symptoms.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Isolation Results in Unexpectedly High Differentiation in Carolina Hemlock (Tsuga Caroliniana), an Imperiled Southern Appalachian Endemic Conifer
    Tree Genetics & Genomes (2017) 13:105 DOI 10.1007/s11295-017-1189-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Population isolation results in unexpectedly high differentiation in Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana), an imperiled southern Appalachian endemic conifer Kevin M. Potter1 & Angelia Rose Campbell2 & Sedley A. Josserand3 & C. Dana Nelson3,4 & Robert M. Jetton5 Received: 16 December 2016 /Revised: 14 August 2017 /Accepted: 10 September 2017 # US Government (outside the USA) 2017 Abstract Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana Engelm.) is a range-wide sampling of the species. Data from 12 polymor- rare conifer species that exists in small, isolated populations phic nuclear microsatellite loci were collected and analyzed within a limited area of the Southern Appalachian Mountains for these samples. The results show that populations of of the USA. As such, it represents an opportunity to assess Carolina hemlock are extremely inbred (FIS =0.713)andsur- whether population size and isolation can affect the genetic prisingly highly differentiated from each other (FST =0.473) diversity and differentiation of a species capable of long- with little gene flow (Nm = 0.740). Additionally, most popu- distance gene flow via wind-dispersed pollen and seed. This lations contained at least one unique allele. This level of dif- information is particularly important in a gene conservation ferentiation is unprecedented for a North American conifer context, given that Carolina hemlock is experiencing mortality species. Numerous genetic clusters were inferred using two throughout
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying and Managing Christmas Tree Diseases, Pests, and Other Problems Luisa Santamaria Chal Landgren
    PNW 659 ∙ April 2014 Identifying and Managing Christmas Tree Diseases, Pests, and Other Problems Luisa Santamaria Chal Landgren A Pacific Northwest Extension Publication Oregon State University ∙ University of Idaho ∙ Washington State University AUTHORS & ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Luisa Santamaria, assistant professor, Extension plant pathologist in nursery crops; and Chal Landgren, professor, Extension Christmas tree specialist; both of Oregon State University. The authors thank the following peers for the review of these diagnostic cards and for their helpful comments and suggestions. In alphabetical order: • Michael Bondi–Oregon State University • Gary Chastagner–Washington State University • Rick Fletcher–Oregon State University • Alina Freire-Fierro–Drexel University • Carla Garzon–Oklahoma State University • Dionisia Morales–Oregon State University • Kathy Riley–Washington State University • Helmuth Rogg–Oregon Department of Agriculture • David Shaw–Oregon State University • Cathy E. Thomas–Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture • Luis Valenzuela–Oregon State University This project was funded by the USDA Specialty Crop Block Grant program (grant numbers ODA-2577-GR and ODA-3557-GR). TABLE OF CONTENTS Diseases Damage (Weather) Annosus Root Rot . .1-2 Frost Damage . 43 Phytophthora Root Rot . .3-4 Winter Injury . 44 Grovesiella Canker . .5-6 Drought . 45 Interior Needle Blight . .7-8 Heat Damage . 46 Rhabdocline Needle Cast . .9-10 Swiss Needle Cast . 11-12 Damage (Chemical) Melampsora Needle Rust . 13-14 2,4-D and triclopyr . 47 Pucciniastrum Needle Rust . 15-16 Fertilizer Burn . 48 Uredinopsis Needle Rust . 17-18 Glyphosate (Roundup) . 49 Triazines . 50 Insects Twig Aphid . 19-20 Damage (Vertebrate) Conifer Root Aphid . 21-22 Deer, Elk, Mice, & Voles . 51 Conifer Aphids . 23-24 Rabbits & Birds . 52 Balsam Woolly Adelgid .
    [Show full text]
  • Biology and Management of Balsam Twig Aphid
    Extension Bulletin E-2813 • New • July 2002 Biology and Management of Balsam Twig Aphid Kirsten Fondren Dr. Deborah G. McCullough Research Assistant Associate Professor Dept. of Entomology Dept. of Entomology and Michigan State University Dept. of Forestry Michigan State University alsam twig aphid (Mindarus abietinus MICHIGAN STATE aphids will also feed on other true firs, Koch) is a common and important UNIVERSITY including white fir (A. concolor) and B insect pest of true fir trees (Fig. 1). Canaan fir (A. balsamea var. phanerolepsis), This bulletin is designed to help you EXTENSION especially if they are growing near balsam recognize and manage balsam twig aphid in or Fraser fir trees. Christmas tree plantations. Knowing the biology of this aphid will help you to plan scouting and Biology control activities, evaluate the extent of damage caused by Balsam twig aphid goes through three generations every aphid feeding and identify the aphid’s natural enemies. year. The aphids overwinter as eggs on needles near the Using an integrated management program will help you to bases of buds. Eggs begin to hatch early in spring, typically control balsam twig aphid efficiently and effectively. around late March to mid-April, depending on temperatures and location within the state. Hatching is completed in one to two weeks. Recent studies in Michigan showed that egg Photo by M. J. Higgins. hatch began at roughly 60 to 70 degree-days base 50 degrees F (DD50) and continued until approximately 100 DD50 (see degree-days discussion under “Timing insecticide sprays” on p. 5). The newly hatched aphids are very small and difficult to see, but by mid- to late April, at approximately 100 to 140 DD50, they have grown enough to be easily visible against a dark background.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating the Invasive Potential of an Exotic Scale Insect Associated with Annual Christmas Tree Harvest and Distribution in the Southeastern U.S
    Trees, Forests and People 2 (2020) 100013 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Trees, Forests and People journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tfp Evaluating the invasive potential of an exotic scale insect associated with annual Christmas tree harvest and distribution in the southeastern U.S. Adam G. Dale a,∗, Travis Birdsell b, Jill Sidebottom c a University of Florida, Entomology and Nematology Department, Gainesville, FL 32611 b North Carolina State University, NC Cooperative Extension, Ashe County, NC c North Carolina State University, College of Natural Resources, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center, Mills River, NC 28759 a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Keywords: The movement of invasive species is a global threat to ecosystems and economies. Scale insects (Hemiptera: Forest entomology Coccoidea) are particularly well-suited to avoid detection, invade new habitats, and escape control efforts. In Fiorinia externa countries that celebrate Christmas, the annual movement of Christmas trees has in at least one instance been Elongate hemlock scale associated with the invasion of a scale insect pest and subsequent devastation of indigenous forest species. In the Conifers eastern United States, except for Florida, Fiorinia externa is a well-established exotic scale insect pest of keystone Fraser fir hemlock species and Fraser fir Christmas trees. Annually, several hundred thousand Fraser firs are harvested and shipped into Florida, USA for sale to homeowners and businesses. There is concern that this insect may disperse from Christmas trees and establish on Florida conifers of economic and conservation interest. Here, we investigate the invasive potential of F.
    [Show full text]
  • Blue Ridge Parkway Facilities for Swimming Are Available in Nearby U.S
    blue ridge parkway Facilities for swimming are available in nearby U.S. Forest Service recreation areas, State parks, and blue ridge north Carolina mountain resorts. The lakes and ponds along the parkway are for fishing and scenic beauty; they are parkway Virginia not suitable for swimming. Boats without motor or sail are permitted on Price Lake, but boats are not permitted on any other Blue Ridge Parkway, a unit of the National Park parkway waters. System, extends 469 miles through the southern Ap­ palachians, past vistas of quiet natural beauty and Help protect the parkway. This is your parkway. rural landscapes lightly shaped by the activities of Help us in protecting it. Leave shrubs and wild- man. Designed especially for motor recreation, the flowers for others to enjoy. Drive carefully. Speed parkway provides quiet, leisurely travel, free from SUMMIT OF SHARP TOP, PEAKS OF OTTER LOOKING GLASS ROCK, MILE 417 THE FENCES, GROUNDHOG MOUNTAIN, MILE 188.8 HIGHLAND MEADOWS, DOUGHTON PARK MILE HIGH OVERLOOK , MILE 458.2 PURGATORY MOUNTAIN, MILE 92.2 limit is 45 miles per hour. Report any accident to commercial development and congestion of high-speed Fishing. Streams and lakes along the parkway are a park ranger. Vehicles being used commercially highways. No ordinary road, it follows mountain written on the face of this land where crops and talks, museum and roadside exhibits, and other Autumn brings color in late September when dog­ Visitor-use areas are marked by this Rocky Knob and Mount Pisgah campgrounds. Each emblem. In them may be located picnic primarily trout waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Red Spruce–Fraser Fir Forest (Low Rhododendron Subtype)
    RED SPRUCE–FRASER FIR FOREST (LOW RHODODENDRON SUBTYPE) Concept: The Low Rhododendron Subtype covers the lowest elevation examples of Red Spruce—Fraser Forest Forests, in moist, topographically sheltered sites. This subtype is transitional from spruce-fir forest to Acidic Cove Forest. Picea rubens dominates or codominates with other mesophytic trees and there is an evergreen shrub layer. Distinguishing Features: The Low Rhododendron Subtype is distinguished from other lower elevation Red Spruce—Fraser Fir Forests subtypes by the combination of sheltered concave topography with a dense shrub layer of Rhododendron maximum. The Birch Transition Shrub Subtype and Rhododendron Subtype may have abundant Rhododendron maximum but occur on convex topography such as ridges and have associated species of drier sites. Tsuga canadensis may be codominant in the canopy, and is more often present than in any other subtype. Synonyms: Picea rubens - (Tsuga canadensis) / Rhododendron maximum Forest (CEGL006152). Red Spruce Forest (Protected Slope Subtype) (NVC). Ecological Systems: Central and Southern Appalachian Spruce-Fir Forest (CES202.028). Sites: Sheltered slopes, valley heads, and ravines, at relatively low elevations. The elevational range is not well known, but examples are known down to near 4000 feet. Some examples occurs as downward extensions of spruce from extensive spruce-fir forests into upper valleys, while a few are anomalous occurrences in high valleys distant from other spruce-fir forests. Cold air drainage may be important for their occurrence at these low elevations. Soils: Soils are not well known for this subtype. Hydrology: Conditions are mesic due to topographic sheltering, but this subtype occurs below the elevation of frequent fog and high rainfall, and its water input may be much lower than higher elevation subtypes.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Assessment
    United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service March 2014 Environmental Assessment Post-Harvest Vine Control Project Nantahala Ranger District, Nantahala National Forest Macon and Jackson Counties, North Carolina For Information Contact: Joan Brown 90 Sloan Road, Franklin, NC 28734 (828) 524-6441 ext 426 www.fs.usda.gov/nfsnc The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Table of Contents Summary ............................................................................................................................................................... i Chapter 1 – Introduction ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Trees, Shrubs, and Perennials That Intrigue Me (Gymnosperms First
    Big-picture, evolutionary view of trees and shrubs (and a few of my favorite herbaceous perennials), ver. 2007-11-04 Descriptions of the trees and shrubs taken (stolen!!!) from online sources, from my own observations in and around Greenwood Lake, NY, and from these books: • Dirr’s Hardy Trees and Shrubs, Michael A. Dirr, Timber Press, © 1997 • Trees of North America (Golden field guide), C. Frank Brockman, St. Martin’s Press, © 2001 • Smithsonian Handbooks, Trees, Allen J. Coombes, Dorling Kindersley, © 2002 • Native Trees for North American Landscapes, Guy Sternberg with Jim Wilson, Timber Press, © 2004 • Complete Trees, Shrubs, and Hedges, Jacqueline Hériteau, © 2006 They are generally listed from most ancient to most recently evolved. (I’m not sure if this is true for the rosids and asterids, starting on page 30. I just listed them in the same order as Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II.) This document started out as my personal landscaping plan and morphed into something almost unwieldy and phantasmagorical. Key to symbols and colored text: Checkboxes indicate species and/or cultivars that I want. Checkmarks indicate those that I have (or that one of my neighbors has). Text in blue indicates shrub or hedge. (Unfinished task – there is no text in blue other than this text right here.) Text in red indicates that the species or cultivar is undesirable: • Out of range climatically (either wrong zone, or won’t do well because of differences in moisture or seasons, even though it is in the “right” zone). • Will grow too tall or wide and simply won’t fit well on my property.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 2Nd Quarter Lets Go
    SECOND QUARTER 2010 Quarterly News Bulletin and Hike Schedule P.O. Box 68, Asheville, NC 28802 • www.carolinamtnclub.org • e-mail: [email protected] North Shore Road settlement accepted By Stuart English I had become editor of this newslet- I remember speaking before the crowd In February of 2006 several public meet- ter in January of 2006, and this was the with shaky knees and a mouth devoid ings were held to discuss whether to fin- first big news item that confronted me. of any saliva. It was the beginning of ish building a 34.3 mile road through the Attending two of the meetings: one at my real involvement with the Club. Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Swain High School and one in Asheville, continued on page 2 The road had been promised to replace an existing road that had been flooded with construction of Fontana Dam. CMC supported a monetary settlement for the people of Swain County. It has been a very controversial issue over the years. 2010 Spring Social Our annual Spring Social will once again take place at the beautiful NC Arboretum on April 24. This year’s program will be musical entertainment from our own CMC members, among them Karen Bartlett and her group performing bluegrass and Angela Martin singing and performing her own songs. There is an insert in this newsletter. Fill out the bottom portion, tear it off, and send it in with your check for $14. Ruth Hartzler and Les Love talk near the tunnel on the Road to Nowhere. COUNCIL CORNER Council will be According to the map we picked up at My hot-shot brother was not worried doing some thinking the campground office, there was a trail at all.
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Abies Fraseri</I>
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2015 Population Dynamics and Ecophysiology of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) in the High Elevation Forests in the Southern Appalachian Mountains Steven Douglas Kaylor University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Forest Biology Commons Recommended Citation Kaylor, Steven Douglas, "Population Dynamics and Ecophysiology of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) in the High Elevation Forests in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2015. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3431 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Steven Douglas Kaylor entitled "Population Dynamics and Ecophysiology of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) in the High Elevation Forests in the Southern Appalachian Mountains." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Natural Resources. Jennifer A. Franklin,
    [Show full text]