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Varijabilnost Obicne Jele (Abies Alba Mill.)

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Varijabilnost Obicne Jele (Abies Alba Mill.) IMPRESSUM ZNANSTVENA MONOGRAFIJA Varijabilnost obične jele (Abies alba Mill.) u Bosni i Hercegovini IZDAVAČ: Udruženje inženjera i tehničara šumarstva Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine (UŠIT FBiH) SUIZDAVAČ: Silva Slovenica - izdavački centar Šumarskog instituta Slovenije, Ljubljana GODINA IZDANJA: 2016. RECENZENTI: Prof. dr. Davorin Kajba, Prof. dr. Milan Mataruga TEHNIČKA UREDNICA: Leila Čmajčanin, Art7 LEKTOR I KOREKTOR: Samira Mazalović GRAFIČKI DIZAJN I TEHNIČKA PRIPREMA: ART 7 AUTOR FOTOGRAFIJA NA OMOTU: Prof. dr. Faruk Bogunić CIP - Katalogizacija u publikaciji Nacionalna i univerzitetska biblioteka Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo Ova publikacija je sufinansirana iz LIFEGENMON projekta, koji 582.475(497.6) je financijski podržan od strane LIFE (Financijskog instrumenta BALLIAN, Dalibor za okoliš) Europske unije, Varijabilnost obične jele (Abies alba Mill.) u Ministarstva zaštite okoliša i prostornog planiranja Bosni i Hercegovini [Elektronski izvor] / Slovenije i Šumarskog instituta Slovenije. Dalibor Ballian, Velid Halilović. - Sarajevo : Udruženje inženjera i tehničara šumarstva Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine ; Ljubljana : Silva Slovenica - izdavački centar Šumarskog instituta Slovenije, 2016 Sistemski zahtjevi nisu navedeni Dostupno i na: https://www.usitfbih.ba. - Ova publikacija je tiskana u suradnji sa Silva Nasl. s nasl. ekrana Slovenica izdavačkim centrom Šumarskog instituta Slovenije, Ljubljana, Slovenija ISBN 978-9926-8071-0-8 (Udruženje inženjera i tehničara šumarstva Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine) 1. Halilović, Velid COBISS.BH-ID 22841862 Nijedan dio ove knjige ne smije se umnožavati ili na bilo koji način reproducirati bez dopuštenja autora. Prof. dr. Dalibor Ballian Doc. dr. Velid Halilović VARIJABILNOST OBIČNE JELE (Abies alba Mill.) U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI Sarajevo, Ljubljana 2016. godine PREDGOVOR Posljednjih se desetljeća u susjednim zemljama i Europi objavio veliki broj monografija vezanih za ekonomski značajne vrste šumskog drveća. U te monografije su ugrađene mnoge spoznaje iz brojnih suvremenih istraživanja koja su aktualna za suvremeno šumarstvo. U Bosni i Hercegovini za sada nemamo takvih kapitalnih publikacija, te se već duže vrijeme osjeti nihov nedostatak. To nas je potaknulo da krenemo u izradu ove manje i usko specijalizirane monografije o običnoj jeli, za nas najvrednijoj vrsti među četinjačama. Sama monografija sadržava suvremena istraživanja o varijabilnosti jele u Bosni i Hercegovini i njenoj genetskoj strukturi do koje se došlo kroz niz istraživanja tijekom proteklih 18 godina. Većina podataka je ranije objavljena u brojnim znanstvenim radovima kod nas i u inozemstvu, ali ima i jedan dio podataka koji se prvi put objavljuje. U monografiji se mogu naći i osnovni podaci o sistematici obične jele, njenoj morfologiji, rasprostiranju i ekologiji obične jele, te praktične i osnovne znanstvene spoznaje o morfološkoj varijabilnosti i genetskoj strukturi na temelju cpDNK, mtDNK i izoenzima. Iako su kroz monografiju i rasprave prikazana i brojna svjetska iskustva s jelom, ipak srž ove knjige je prilagođena potrebama bosanskohercegovačkog šumarstva i svih ostalih koji žele proširiti svoja saznanja o običnoj jeli, kraljici bosanskohercegovačkih šuma. Prilikom rada na ovoj monografiji susretali smo se sa brojnim problemima i zazovima, te su nam brojne kolege izašle u susret i pomogli u realizaciji ovog za nas veoma značajnog posla. Zahvalnost dugujemo i kolegi prof. dr. Faruku Boguniću zbog pomoći pri izradi fotografija sa morfološkim detaljima cvijeta, češera, sjemena i iglica obične jele, što poglavlju morfologije daje posebnu vrijednost i specifičnost. Zahvalu dugujemo kolegama i šumarskim poduzeća koji su nam tijekom 18 godina nesebično pomagali prilikom sabiranja materijala za brojna istraživanja koja smo provodili s običnom jelom, kao i na postavljanju terenskih pokusa. Nadam se da nam kolege neće zamjeriti što ih nismo poimenično pobrojali, ali bi spisak bio jako veliki i moglo bi nam se desiti da smo koga izostavili. Ipak svi se mogu prepoznati kada pročitaju ovu monografiju i vide koji je materijal obrađen. Recenzentima se posebno zahvaljujemo na primjedbama i korisnim prijedlozima, čime su znatno unaprijedili i poboljšali tekst. Unaprijed zahvaljujemo svim kolegama i čitateljima koji će nas upozoriti na propuste ili nedostatke u tekstu kako bismo zajednički pridonijeli proširenju znanja o toj problematici. Autori Sarajevo, 2016. SADRŽAJ UVOD . 11 SISTEMATIKA OBIČNE JELE . 21 Pregled taksonomskih jedinica s njihovim osnovnim karakteristikama . 23 MORFOLOŠKE KARAKTERISTIKE OBIČNE JELE . 26 PRIRODNA RASPROSTRANJENOST OBIČNE JELE . 30 DINAMIKA POPULACIJA OBIČNE JELE . 37 EKOLOŠKE OSOBITOSTI OBIČNE JELE . 44 Klimatski uvjeti . 44 Svjetlost . 44 Toplina . 45 Vlaga . 45 Uvjeti tla . 45 Prirašćivanje . 46 Uzgojna svojstva jele . 47 Ekološko-vegetacijska pripadnost obične jele . 49 Pripanonska oblast . 50 1. Sjevernobosansko područje . 50 2. Sjeverozapadno bosansko područje . 51 Prelazno ilirsko-mezijska oblast . 51 1. Donje-drinsko područje . 51 2. Gornje-drinsko područje . 52 Oblast unutrašnjih Dinarida . 53 1. Područje cazinske Krajine . 53 2. Zapadnobosansko vapnenačko-dolomitno područje . 53 3. Srednjobosansko područje . 54 4. Zavidovićko-teslićko područje . 55 5. Područje istočnobosanske visoravni . 56 6. Jugoistočnobosansko područje . 56 Mediteransko-dinarska oblast . 58 1.Submediteransko-planinsko područje . 58 2. Submediteransko područje . 59 Pregled najznačajnijih fitocenoza obične jele . 59 ISTRAŽIVANJA VARIJABILNOSTI OBIČNE JELE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI . 63 MORFOLOŠKO-FIZIOLOŠKA ISTRAŽIVANJA . 64 ISTRAŽIVANJA ČEŠERA I SJEMENA OBIČNE JELE U SREDIŠNJOJ BOSNI . 64 Izbor i opis terenskih objekata . 64 Način skupljanja uzoraka i mjerenja istraživanih svojstava . 65 Obrada podataka istraživanih svojstava . 67 Morfologija češera . 67 Dužina češera . 67 Širina češera na sredini dužine . 69 Širina češera 2 cm od baze češera . 72 Širina češera 1 cm od vrha češera . 73 Morfologija sjemena . 74 Dužina sjemena s krilcem . 74 Širina krilca na najširem dijelu . 78 Dužina sjemena . 79 Širina sjemena na širem dijelu . 80 Debljina sjemena . 81 Težina 1.000 komada sjemenki . 81 Morfologija ljuske češera . 83 Dužina ljuske češera . 83 Širina ljuske češera . 84 Klijavost sjemena . 85 Energija klijavosti sjemena . 85 Klijavost sjemena . ..
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