VENUS 63 (3-4): 101-108, 2005

Description Description of a New of Species Primovula (: ), with the the Designation of the Type Species for the Dentiovula

Yoshihiro Yoshihiro Omi and Phillip W. Clover 4-20-8-4 4-20-8-4 Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, 151-0051 おか o, Japan P.O.Box P.O.Box 339, Glen Ellen California 95442, U.S.A.

Abstract: Abstract: A new ovulid species, Primovula oη za, is described from the off Kii Peninsula, the the Kurose bank near Hach 討0 てjima Island in the Izu-shichito Islands, and Tatsumi-dashi in the the Ogasawara Islands, all in Japan. It is most similar to Primovula dorsuos α（ Hinds, 1844) in morphology, morphology, but it can be distinguished by non-crenulate anterior extremity, beaked posterior extremity, extremity, and different line marking on the dorsum. In addition to this d巴scription, Dentiovula colobica colobica Azuma & Cate, 1971 is designat 巴d as the type species of the genus Dentiovula.

Keywords: Keywords: Ovulidae, Primovula oη za, new sp 目 ies, Japan, type species, Dentiovula

Introduction

The Ovulidae are a diverse family associated with cnidarians in the warm temperate to tropical waters waters of world oceans. The family has been excessively split. Rosenberg (1992) claimed that its almost almost 400 names might be reducible to 160 to 170 valid taxa, and its 65 generic names to few 巴r than than half. Despite this, we have found an undescribed species from southwestern Japan, hereby described described as the new species Primovula oη ・za. In In the process of investigations related to this taxon, we found that taxonomic confusion surrounds surrounds with Primovula dorsuosa (Hinds, 1844). The species selected as the type species of Dentiovula Dentiovula Habe, 1961 was misidentified as Ovum dorsuosa Hinds. Therefore, in this paper, we also also discuss the type species of genus Dentiovula, propose a redefinition, and list the species which belong to the genus.

Taxonomy

Family Family Ovulidae Fleming, 1828 Genus Primovula Thiele, 1925

Type species: Amphiperas beckeri Sowerby, 1900, by original designation.

Primovula oη za n. sp. (Fig. (Fig. 2A-J)

Crenavolva Crenavolva (Cuspivolva) draperi Cate et Azuma, 1973 - Okutani, 1975: 190, pl. IX , fig. 14 [not C. draperi draperi Cate & Azuma, 1973]. Dentiovula Dentiovula m αriae (Schilder, 1941)- Fukuda, 1995: 10, pl. 51, fig. 871 [not Primovula mariae Schilder, 1941]. 1941].

Type material: Holotype (NSMT-Mo 73638) from 180 m, Tatsumi-dashi, between Chichijima Island Island and Hah 司ima Island in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan (26°50 ’N, 142°10 ’ E), September 22, 22, 1985, collected by the fishing vessel Fukusho-Maru, with a coral tangle-net; paratype #1 102 Y. Omi & P. W. Clover

132° 132° E 13

42 。N

4ト 'l> 'l> ョ9 !<._ !<._ む 'l> 'l> ザ 38 。

34 。

市 j

・む ．火、 /l ・o /l 、 勺 〈ミ『 b 30 。 Kurose Kurose bank ~~ .. .. ~ ぷ f... f... ， 》 。 'fil ‘ . 'fil g: atsumi-dashi T atsumi-dashi －一一一’~ .雪印 26 。

Fig. Fig. 1. Localities for Primovula oryza n. sp.

(NSMT 1978, 1978, collected by P. Clover, together with the gorgonacean host Siphonogorgia dipsacea Wright & Studer in a gill net for lobsters; paratypes #2, 3 (NSMT-Mo 73640, 73641) dredged from a depth depth of 175m, Kurose bank near Hachijo-jima Island in the Izu-shichito Islands, Japan (33 ° 20.6 ’N, 139°36.7 ’ E), July 23, 1974, by the R八f Soyo-Maru, Tokai Regional Fisheries Research

Laboratory; Laboratory; paratypes #4 and 5 (Coll. K. Yamashita: number Mk ・5) from 180 m, Tatsumi-dashi, between between Chichi サima Island and Haha-jima Island in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan (26 °50 ’ N, 142°10 ’ E), July 7, 1985, collected by Messrs Tomobe and Ogawa (Fukusho-Maru), with a coral tangle-net tangle-net (Fig. 1). Description : Shell small, rhomboid, broadest at approximately 1/3 from end, posterior where angled angled shoulder 仕ansverses dorsum, gradually attenuate toward anterior terminal. Dorsum heavily New species of Primovula 103

Fig. Fig. 2A ・J. Primovula oη za n. sp. A ・D. Holotype (NSMT Mo-73638) from Ogasawara Islands, 9.0 × 4.8 × 4.l mm. E, F. Paratype #l (NSMT-Mo 73639) from Wakayama pref1 巴cture, 8.0 ×4.0 × 3.3 mm. G, H. Paratype Paratype #4 (coll. Yamashita) from Ogasawara Islands, 9.7 × 5.2 × 4.3 mm. I, J. Paratype #2 (NS 恥1T- Mo 73640) from Kurose bank, 11. l × 5.4 x 4.4 mm. Fig. 2K, L. Primovula dorsuosa from Wakayama prefecture , 7 .0 × 3.5 x 3. l mm. Seal 巴 bar= 5 mm . 104 104 Y. Omi & P. W. Clover

Fig. Fig. 3. Comparison of posterior and ant 巴rior extremities of Primovula oryza (A, C: Holotype) and P. dorsuosa dorsuosa (B , D) .

and and evenly incised with approximately 100 spiral striations over all. Anterior terminal produced , arched arched and slightly oblate in front. Posterior terminal abruptly tapered, pointed beak with shallow and and straight canal. Right margin callously rimmed, where two denticles protrude posteriorly in dorsal dorsal view. Dorsal surface white in color, pigmented with faint fine yellow line along angles of of labral shoulder extending over both terminal s. Ventral side smooth and thickly calloused . Columella well developed, edentate, with step at margin of collous. Columellar striations restricted restricted to apertural side . Aperture na 汀 ow, broadened anteriorly. Long concave columellar peristome, peristome, smooth on surface, narrowly depressed in middle , gently broadened to front as a fossula. fossula. Triangular funiculum, bearing two ridges, upraised on edge, connected to inner wall of posterior posterior canal. Outer lip, wide, flat and edentate over anterior half, with six denticles in posterior portion. portion. Denticl 巴s with wide interstices , becoming longer toward posterior end with last two extending extending across labrum and protruding from outer edge. Intraspecific Intraspecific variations: Some infraspecific variations were observed among the type specimens specimens (Fig. 2A-J). The posterior ros 住um exhibits different degrees of development. Also, one of of the type specimens, lacks the dorsal marking, and bears lines forming a pattern on the dorsum. Paratype Paratype #1 apparently has two faint yellowish lines on the dorsum; one is indistinctly transverse on the posterior portion, while the other is vertical at the right side of the mid-anterior portion, and and barely visible (Fig. 4A) . Dimensions (Length × width × height in mm): Holotype, 9.0 × 4.8 × 4.1. Paratype #1 , 8.0 × 4.0 × 3 .3. p紅 atype #2, 11 .1 × 5.4 x 4.4 . Paratype #3, 10.3 × 4.9 × 4 .2. Paratype #4, 9.7 × 5.2 × 4.3 . Paratype #5, 6.7 ×3.6 ×3 .1. New species of Primovu 105

Fig. Fig. 4. Comparison of dorsal pattern of Primovula oη ・za (A) and P. dorsuosa (B).

Type Type locali. 砂： Tatsmni-dashi, Ogasawara Islands, 180 m deep. Distribuh 仰： Off Minabe, Wakayama Prefecture; Kurose bank in the lzu-shichito Islands; Tatusmidashi Tatusmidashi in the Ogasawara Islands (Fig. 1). E 砂mology: From the Latin “oη za ”， meaning rice, referring to the shape and size of the shell. Discussion: Discussion: The present new species is allocated to the genus Primovula. Primovula was originally originally proposed based on the type species Amphiperas beckeri Sowerby, 1900 by Thiele (1925). Cate Cate (1973a) quoted Thiele (1925) as giving the diagnostic features of Primovula as follows: “ Shell small, pyriform; aperture na 汀 ow; outer lip distinct, thickened, d巴nticulate; funiculum distinct, distinct, fully developed ’＇. The present new species is consistent with this definition of Primovula except except for the shell outline which is not pyriform. The present new species is closely related to P. dorsuosa (Hinds), and common characters are as as follows: (1) Outline is angular rhomboid. (2) The ventral side of shell is covered with a thick callus. callus. (3) Labral denticles are spaced, protruding as several teeth. However, the present new species species is distinguished from P. dorsuosa (Hinds) by following features: (1) Lack of crenulate terminals terminals on extremities, forming beaked posterior extremity, and (2) coarser dorsal striations. Comparing the dorsal line between the new species and P. dorsuosa, both possess similar lines in in approximately the same position (Figs. 4A, 4B). This feature might be considered the evidence of of close relationship between the new species and Primovula dorsuosa (Hinds). Among similar-looking ovulids hitherto known from Japanese waters, Crenavolva rostella Cate, Cate, 1973 superficially resembles the present new species. However, C. rostella differs by having a more narrowly ovate shell with distinct transversal striations on the colum 巴lla. Primovula diaphana diaphana Liltved, 1987 from Natal, South Africa, is also similar to the present new species, but di 百ers in having a pyriform shell with distinct transversal striations on the columella, crenulations on the anterior two-thirds of labrum and na 汀 owly spaced labral denticles. 106 Y. Omi & P. W. Clover

Genus Dentiovula Habe, 1961

Type Type species here designated (ICZN Art. 70.3.2): Primovula colobica Azuma & Cate, 1971

Diagnosis: Diagnosis: Shell small, sub-rhomboid to elongate oval, roundly angled at middle, with dentate posterior posterior rostrum. Dorsum inflated, incised with numerous spiral striations. Columella round 巴d, forming forming triangular funiculum near posterior canal. Labrum with heavily formed denticles on posterior posterior half. Mantle and foot with similar pattern of numerous fine orang 巴 speckles. Mantle with with polyp-like appendages. Cephalic tentacles slenderly tapered, encircled with darker orange band at central portion. Note: Note: The genus Dentiovula was also spelled Dentivolva (Habe, 1961; App.14) in the original description. description. However, Habe corrected the spelling to Dentiovula in the second printing (Habe, 1962). 1962). Moreover, Cate (1973b) pointed out the 巴町or of spelling, and as “自 rst revisor ”(ICZN Article Article 32.2.1), proposed to retain Habe ’ s original spelling, Dentiovula, as the correct and valid one, one, with Dentivolva as an o句ective synonym. Discussion: Discussion: Habe (1961) originally proposed the genus Dentiovula based on Ovulum dorsuosum Hinds, 1844 by monotypy. Cate (1971) and other subsequent authors assigned additional additional species to this genus, and the genus Dentiovula is now regarded as one of the largest generic generic groups in the Japanese ovulid fauna, comprising at least 12 representativ 回（ Higo et al., 1999). 1999). Schilder Schilder & Schilder (1971) transferred 0. dorsuosum, the type species of the genus Dentiovula, Dentiovula, to the genus Primovula Thiele, 1925 (type species: Amphiperas beckeri Sowerby, 1900, 1900, by original designation), based on conchological similarities. Mase (1989) supported this assignment, assignment, based on the observation of mantle mo 叩hology, but he still retained the generic name Dentiovula Dentiovula for D. colobica Azuma & Cate, 1971 and D. eizai (Cate & Azuma, 1973). This This nomenclatural confusion was apparently caused by the misidentification of the type species species when Habe (1961) proposed the genus Dentiovula. Habe (1961: App. 14) gave the diagnosis diagnosis of the genus in the original description as “ having several denticles on the post 巴rior margin margin of the posterior rostrum of the shell, and three rows of polyp-like appendages on the mantle mantle membrane ”（仕組 slated herein from Japanese). However, the mantle of 0. dorsuosum lacks the the polyp-like appendages (Mase, 1989). Careful examination of the photograph of the specimen identified identified as “Dentiovula dorsuosum ” in Habe (1961: pl. 19, fig. 9) reveals that it is correctly identified identified as Primovula colobica Azuma & Cate, 1971, by the following features: 1) the shell is well well inflated, with strongly twisted posterior rostrum; 2) the shell is yellowish orange in color with with two longitudinal rows of irregularly arranged reddish orange patches, typical for the speci 巴s; 3) 3) the outer margin and posterior rostrum are distinctly crenulated. Furthermore, P. colobica is reported reported to have polyp-like appendages on the mantle (Mase, 1987). Accordingly, this is a case of of a “misidentified type species" and the species actually represented by in the misidentification, Primovula Primovula colobica Azuma & Cate, 1971, is here selected and fixed as the type species of this genus genus according to ICZN Article 70.3.2. Due to this misidentification, ther 巴 has been considerable confusion in the assignment of species species to the genera Primovula and Dentiovula. The species in these genera are sometimes very similar similar and hard to assign to the correct genus by shell mo 中hology alone. However, the gen 巴ric assignment assignment can be settled by observation of the morphology of the mantle; species in Dentiovula have have peculiar polyp-like appendages whereas those in Primovula have simple papillae on the mantle mantle surfac 巴. There are only two species that can be firmly assigned to Dentiovula based on this this character: Primovula colobica Azuma & Cate, 1971 and D. eizai Cate & Azuma, 1973 (Mase, (Mase, 1987). Mase (1987) also claimed that three nominal species described in Dentiovula, D. D. saturnalia Cate, 1973, D. cardini Cate, 1973 and D. diadema Cate, 1973, are conspecific N 巴w sp 巴ci ＇巴 s of Primovula 107 and should be synonymized with D. colobica. In addition to these, the following 4 species are provisionally provisionally consid 巴red by the present authors to be members of Dentiovula on the basis of conchological conchological characters, mainly by the possession of denticl 回 on the posterior rostrum, although their their mantle charact 巳rs have not b 巴en examined: D. clava Habe, 1991, D. ~叩saoi Cate, 1973, D. parvita parvita Azuma, 1974, and D. spectabilis Cate, 1975. All All the other species previously assigned to Dentiovula are excluded from the genus and transferred transferred to Primovula: D. cobra Cate, 1975, which lacks denticles on the post 巴rior rostrum; D. kiiensis kiiensis Azuma, 1979, which lacks polyp-lik 巴 appendages on the mantle (unpublished observation); D. D. tadashigei Cate, 1973, synonymized with P. beckeri (Sowerby, 1900) by Mase (1987); D. takeoi Cate & Azuma, 1973, synonymized with P. traillii (A. Adams, 1855) by Mase (1987), and D. mariae Schilder, 1941, synonymized with P. dorsuosa (Hinds, 1844) by Mase (1987).

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Mr. Kojiro Yamashita, of Kanagawa for giving us the opportunity to examine the the collection 仕om the Ogasawara Islands and for providing invaluable specimens, and to Dr. Takashi Okutani, Okutani, the Em 巴ritus Professor at Tokyo University of Fisheries and Dr. Kazunori Has 巴gawa at National Scienc 巴 Museum, Tokyo for valuable comm 巴nts that improved the manuscript. We also thank the following following persons who helped us in various ways: Mr. Shingo Habu in Wakayama, Mr. Hitoshi Ikeda of the the Hayama Shiosai Museum in Kanagawa and Mr. Kinya Mase in Kanagawa.

References

Azuma, M. & Cate, C. N. 1971. Sixteen new species and one new genus of Japanese Ovulidae. The 防 liger 13: 261-268. Cate, Cate, C. N. 1973a. A syst 巴matic revision of the Recent cypraeid family Ovulidae (: Gastropoda). The The 防 liger, supplement 15: 1 116. Cate, Cate, C. N. 1973b. The Ovulidae: A key to the genera, and other pertin 巴nt notes (Mollusca: Gastropoda). The The Veliger 16: 307-313. Fukuda, Fukuda, H. 1995. Marine Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands. Part 3: Additional r巴cords. Ogasm 仰 ra Research (21): 1-142. Habe, Habe, T. 1961. Colored Illustration of the Shells of Japan, vol. II. ix + 2+ 182 pp, 66 pls. Hoikusha, Osaka, Osaka, Japan. (in Japanese) Habe, Habe, T. 1962. Colored Illustration of the Shells of Japan, vol. II, 2nd edition. ix +2+182 pp, 66 pls. Hoikusha, Hoikusha, Osaka, Japan. (in Japanese) Habe, Habe, T. 1964. Shells of the W 伝stern Pac がc in Color, vol. II. 233 pp., 66 pls. Hoikusha, Osaka. Higo, Higo, S., Callomon, P. & Goto, Y. 1999. Catalogue and Bibliography of the Marine Shell-bearing Mollusca Mollusca of lap 仰. 749 pp. Elle Scientific Publications, Osaka, Japan. Mase, Mase, K. 1987. A report for the scientific name of “Koboreba-kebori ”. i令nus (Japanese Journal of Malacology) Malacology) 46: 55. (in Japan 俗的 Mase, Mase, K. 1989. Taxonomic significanc 巴 of color patterning of the soft body in the family Ovulidae - description description of soft body of 26 species. 怜 nus, Supplement 1: 75-120. (in Japanese with English abstract) abstract) Okutani, Okutani, T. 1975. Glimpse of benthic molluscan fauna occupying the submarine bank, Kurns 巴， near Hac 同 o Island, Japan. Venus (Japanese Journal of Malacology) 33: 185-205. Rosenberg, Rosenberg, G. 1992. An introduction to the Ovulidae (Gastropoda: Cypraeacea). American Conchologist 20: 20: 4-7. Schilder, Schilder, F. A. 1941. Verwandtschaft und Verbreitung der Cypraeacea. Archiv fiir Moll 削除nkunde 73: 57-120. 57-120. Schilder, Schilder, M. & Schild 巴1・， F. A. 1971. A Catalogue of Living and Fossil Cowries: and Bibliography Bibliography of Triviacea and Cypreacea (Gastropoda Prosobranchia). 246 pp. Brussel. Thiele, Thiele, J. 1925-1926. Solenogastres ・ Mollusca・ Echinodermata. In: Kiikenthal, W. (ed.), Handbuch der Zoologie Zoologie 5, Teil 1-3: 256 pp. Berlin, Germany.

(Receiv 巴d April 16, 2004 I Accepted November 19, 2004) 108 108 Y. Omi & P. W. Clov 巴r

日本近海で採集されたベケリケボリ属の 1 新種とコボレパケボリ属のタイプ種の選定

掛見慶宏. P. クローパー

要約

小笠原群島と紀伊半島沖からベケリケボリ属 Primovula の 1 新種が発見されたので記載する。また， Ovulum dorsuosum Hinds が誤同定によりコボレパケボリ属 Dentiovula のタイプ種となっている事が確認 されたので，新たなコボレパケボリ属のタイプ種を認定し，正しいタイプ種に基づいた再定義を与え， この属に含まれると考えられる種類を挙げる。

Primovula oη ・za n. sp. ヤエパケボリ（新称：八重歯毛彫） 貝殻は小型，偏菱形で後端から約 1/3 位置が最大幅で、角ばり，前端に向かつて緩やかに細くなる。背 面全体に約 100 本の螺状脈が等間隔で刻まれる。前端は発達してアーチ状になり，先端はやや角張る。 後端は急速にせばまり瞬状に突き出る。右側面は滑層が発達して鍔状になり，背面から見ると後端近く で練状の 2 歯が外方向に突出する。貝殻は白色で背面後方に 1 本の不明瞭な淡黄色が横切り，背面前部 分の中心からやや右に微かに見える程度の淡黄色の線状紋が蛇行して縦走し，さらに細い黄色線が側縁 に沿って走り殻を囲む。腹面は滑層が厚く，表面は滑らかである。内唇は発達し，歯は無く，殻口側に 滑層を伴った段差がある。内唇の螺状脈は殻口部分にのみ見られる。殻口は狭いが，前溝で広くなる。 長い内唇縦溝は表面が滑らかで，殻中間部で一旦幅が狭くなるが，前端に向かつて緩やかに幅広くなり 軸唇寓のようになる。三角形の滑層癌（funiculum ）には 2 本の簸があり，切立ち，後溝内唇援に連続す る。後溝は瞬状で，縦軸方向に浅く溝が通る。外唇は広く偏平で，前半部には歯が無いが，後方には 6 歯ある。殻口歯列は，各歯広い間隔で配置され，後方に向かつて長くなり，最後の 2 歯は外唇縁から突 き出る。殻長 9.0mm ，殻幅 4.8mm ，背高 4.1 mm （ホロタイプ）。 タイプ産地：小笠原群島巽出（父島と母島の中間海域），水深 180 m 。 分布：紀伊半島南部沖，伊豆七島黒瀬，小笠原群島 本種貝殻には主に 7 つの特徴が見られる。殻形態が角張った菱形となる点，後端が瞬状になる点， 明確な螺肋が刻まれる点，、貝殻は白色で有る点，側縁に沿って細い黄線が入る点，腹面が厚い滑層で 覆われ平滑になる点，外唇の後端にのみ数本の糠状の歯が形成される点である。殻の形態は Ovulum dorsuosum Hinds に似るが，前端が鋸歯状にならない点，後端が燐状になる点，背面の螺状脈が粗い点や 背面の彩色が異なる点で区別される。

Genus Dentiovula Habe, 1961 コボレバケボリ属

Type Type sp 巴cies here designated: Primovula colobica Azuma & Cate, 1971

定義：貝殻は小型，偏菱形でやや角張り，後端に複数の糠状突起が形成される。背面には多数の螺状 脈が刻まれる。内唇は丸みを帯ぴ，後溝近くに三角形の滑層痛が形成される。外唇は後半部に歯列が形 成される。軟体部は頭部・外套膜・足部共に小斑点が散在する。外套膜はイソギンチャク状の小突起が ある。触角は先端が細くなり，中間部は濃い色に彩色される。

コボレパケボリ属に含まれる種類： Primovula colobica Azuma & Cate, 1971, Dentiovula eizai Cat 巴＆ Azuma, 1973, D. clava Habe, 1991, D. masaoi Cate, 1973, D. parvita Azuma, 1974, D. spectabilis Cate, 1975 以上 6 種。