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The Future of US Relations with the Gulf States
The Approaching Turning Point: The Future of U.S. Relations with the Gulf States By F. Gregory Gause, III Brookings Project on U.S. Policy Towards the Islamic World Analysis Paper Number Two, May 2003 1 Executive Summary United States policy toward the Gulf Cooperation Council states (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman) is in the midst of an important change. Saudi Arabia has served as the linchpin of American military and political influence in the Gulf since Desert Storm. It can no longer play that role. After the attacks of September 11, 2001, an American military presence in the kingdom is no longer sustainable in the political system of either the United States or Saudi Arabia. Washington therefore has to rely on the smaller Gulf monarchies to provide the infrastructure for its military presence in the region. The build-up toward war with Iraq has accelerated that change, with the Saudis unwilling to cooperate openly with Washington on this issue. No matter the outcome of war with Iraq, the political and strategic logic of basing American military power in these smaller Gulf states is compelling. In turn, Saudi-American relations need to be reconstituted on a basis that serves the shared interests of both states, and can be sustained in both countries’ political systems. That requires an end to the basing of American forces in the kingdom. The fall of Saddam Hussein will facilitate this goal, allowing the removal of the American air wing in Saudi Arabia that patrols southern Iraq. The public opinion benefits for the Saudis of the departure of the American forces will permit a return to a more normal, if somewhat more distant, cooperative relationship with the United States. -
ECFG-Saudi-Arabia-2020.Pdf
About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and achieve mission objectives. The ECFG fundamental information contained within will help you understand the cultural dimension of your assigned location and gain skills necessary for success (Photo: Saudi soldiers perform a traditional dance). Kingdomof Saudi Arabia The guide consists of two parts: Part 1 “Culture General” provides the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any global environment with a focus on the Arab Gulf States. NOTE: While the term Persian Gulf is common in the US, this guide uses the name preferred in the region, the Arabian Gulf. Part 2 “Culture Specific” describes unique cultural features of Saudi society. It applies culture-general concepts to help increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment location. This section is designed to complement other pre- deployment training (Photo: US soldiers dine on a traditional Saudi meal of lamb and rice). For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at http://culture.af.mil/ or contact the AFCLC Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the express permission of the AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources. GENERAL CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments. -
Non-Indigenous Citizens and “Stateless” Residents in the Gulf
Andrzej Kapiszewski NON-INDIGENOUS CITIZENS AND "STATELESS" RESIDENTS IN THE GULF MONARCHIES. THE KUWAITI BIDUN Since the discovery of oil, the political entities of the Persian Gulf have transformed themselves from desert sheikhdoms into modern states. The process was accompanied by rapid population growth. During the last 50 years, the population of the current Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman1, grew from 4 million in 1950 to 33.4 million in 2004, thus recording one of the highest rates of population growth in the world2. The primary cause of this increase has not been the growth of the indigenous population, large in itself, but the influx of foreign workers. The employment of large numbers of foreigners was a structural imperative for growth in the GCC countries, as oil-related development depended upon the importation of foreign technologies, and reąuired knowledge and skills unfamiliar to the local Arab population. Towards the end of 2004, there were 12.5 million foreigners, 37 percent of the total population, in the GCC states. In Qatar, the UAE, and Kuwait, foreigners constituted a majority. In the United Arab Emirates foreigners accounted for over 80 percent of population. Only Oman and Saudi Arabia managed to maintain a relatively Iow proportion of foreign population: about 20 and 27 percent, respectively. This development has created security, economic, social and cultural threats to the local population. Therefore, to maintain the highly privileged position of the indigenous population and make integration of foreigners with local communities difficult, numerous restrictions were imposed: the sponsorship system, limits on the duration of every foreigner’s stay, curbs on naturalization and on the citizenship rights of those who are naturalized, etc. -
Transforming the Rentier State: Prospects for Saudi Arabia
TRANSFORMING THE RENTIER STATE: PROSPECTS FOR SAUDI ARABIA: A SMALL N CASE STUDY OF RENTIER STATE ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION AND ITS EFFECTS WITH APPLICATION TO SAUDI ARABIA’S VISION 2030 by MOHAMMED ALJUMIE A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-Newark Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey In partiaL fulfiLLment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of PhiLosophy in GLobaL Affairs Graduate Program in GLobaL Affairs Written under the direction of Carlos Seiglie and approved by Newark, New Jersey October 2020 ©2020 Mohammed ALjumie ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Transforming the Rentier State: Prospects for Saudi Arabia: A SmaLL N Case Study of Rentier State Economic Diversification and its Effects with Application to Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 BY MOHAMMED ALJUMIE Dissertation Director: Dr. Carlos Seiglie This research project sought to determine, to the extent feasible prior to fulL implementation of the eLements of Saudi Vision 2030, the degree to which a strategy for economic diversification incLuding major legaL, regulatory and governmentaL activities and culturaL shifts is LikeLy to achieve its fundamentaL goaLs of economic diversification and an end to reLiance on rentier state resources. Saudi Vision 2030 depicts a comprehensive approach to achieving economic diversification whiLe diminishing the Kingdom’s reLiance on oiL and gas sector revenues. The researcher compared the possible impact of diversification via Saudi Vision 2030 to case studies of simiLar diversification in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the UAE. The comparison identified the specific deveLopment initiatives undertaken by the five target states and their known economic impacts, and then further considered whether simiLar eLements or proposaLs of Saudi Vision 2030 might achieve simiLar ends. -
The Outlook for Arab Gulf Cooperation
The Outlook for Arab Gulf Cooperation Jeffrey Martini, Becca Wasser, Dalia Dassa Kaye, Daniel Egel, Cordaye Ogletree C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1429 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9307-3 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2016 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover image: Mideast Saudi Arabia GCC summit, 2015 (photo by Saudi Arabian Press Agency via AP). Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface This report explores the factors that bind and divide the six Gulf Coop- eration Council (GCC) states and considers the implications of GCC cohesion for the region over the next ten years. -
Arab-American Media Bringing News to a Diverse Community
November 28, 2012 Arab-American Media Bringing News to a Diverse Community FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: Tom Rosenstiel, Director Pew Research Center’s Project for Excellence in Journalism Amy Mitchell, Deputy Director, Pew Research Center’s Project for Excellence in Journalism (202) 419-3650 1615 L St, N.W., Suite 700 Washington, D.C. 20036 www.journalism.org Arab-American Media: Bringing News to a Diverse Community Overview If it were just a matter of population growth, the story of the Arab-American media would be a simple tale of opportunity. Over the last decade, Arab Americans have become one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in the United States. But the story of the media trying to serve that audience is more complicated than that: The Arab-American population across the United States is ethnically diverse. Arab-American media are being buffeted by the same technology and economic trends as the news media generally, as well as a more challenging advertising market. And, advancements in technology have brought new competition from Arab outlets located in the Middle East and North Africa. Overall, the current Arab-American news media are relatively young. Newspapers and news websites are currently the most prominent sector, with much of the coverage focused on community news and events. There is also coverage at the national level, though, and recently, the Arab uprisings have given rise to more international coverage of news from “back home.” A number of papers are seeing rising circulation. Some new publications have even launched. However, most papers are still struggling to recover financially from the economic recession of 2007 and at the same time keep up with the trends in digital technology and social media. -
Indonesia and the Arab Spring Indonesia and the Arab Spring Bülent Aras and Sinan Ekim
Indonesia and the Arab Spring Indonesia and the Arab Spring Bülent Aras and Sinan Ekim No.6, MAY 2015 POMEAS POLICY PAPER No.6, MAY 2015 POMEAS POLICY PAPER Is Indonesia a Model for the Arab Spring? Bülent Aras and Sinan Ekim Introduction As the Arab Spring sent shockwaves across North In comparison to other South Asian states, Indone- Africa, the Western governments reached out to Indo- sia furthermore has an enviable record of a peaceful nesia for guidance, viewing the country with the larg- handover of government to the opposition. The last two est Muslim population as an ideal model for the “Arab Malaysian presidents, for instance, have jailed their Spring” countries. The Obama administration turned to predecessors; one-party communist rule has been in Jakarta to make sense of the events raging across the effect in Vietnam since its unification; and Thailand’s region, and to forge a trajectory of change that would President still claims to draw its legitimacy from por- bring these countries to where Indonesia had ended traying himself as the sole protector of the monarchy. up. Indeed, it was the conviction of many, including the In contrast, Indonesia’s most recent elections in April then US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, that the 2014 witnessed 140 million people at the ballot-box uprisings echoed what had transpired in Indonesia in (75% turn-out), followed by a smooth transition of pow- the 1990s, when the country transformed itself from a er with every candidate accepting the results gracefully, dictatorship under Suharto into a functioning democ- including the former President Yudhoyono who did not racy.1 turn to the men in uniform.5 Having passed through similar stages earlier, Indo- nesia has a democratic regime that still balances with Over the course of past three decades, Suharto’s success the dynamics of Islam, secularism and de- authoritarianism then became replaced by a system mocracy. -
The GCC Crisis at One Year
The GCC Crisis at One Year Stalemate Becomes New Reality Contributors Majed M. al-Ansari Abdullah Baabood Gabriel Collins David B. Des Roches Charles W. Dunne Imad K. Harb Khalil E. Jahshan Marwan Kabalan Tamara Kharroub Joe Macaron Kristian Coates Ulrichsen Editors Zeina Azzam Imad K. Harb TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 5 Khalil E. Jahshan I: Stalemate and Mediation 11 Measures of Stalemate in the GCC Crisis 13 Imad K. Harb Kuwait’s GCC Mediation: Incentives and Reasons for Failure 23 Marwan Kabalan A Difficult Position: US Mediation in the Gulf Dispute 31 Charles W. Dunne Perspective: Can Washington Resolve the Impasse? 43 Majed M. al-Ansari II: Impacts and Implications 47 Missed Opportunities and Failed Integration in the GCC 49 Kristian Coates Ulrichsen Anti-Qatar Embargo Grinds toward Strategic Failure 59 Gabriel Collins Qatar’s Military Response to a National Emergency 73 ACW Research Team GCC Military Cooperation: A Receding Vision 81 David B. Des Roches Understanding the Humanitarian Costs of the Blockade 91 Tamara Kharroub GCC Divisions and Regional Challenges 101 Joe Macaron The International Implications of the GCC Stalemate 109 Abdullah Baabood Biographies of Contributors 119 About Arab Center Washington DC 125 INTRODUCTION Khalil E. Jahshan INTRODUCTION Khalil E. Jahshan June 5, 2018 marked the first anniversary of the crisis in the Gulf Cooperation Council, when Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain severed diplo- matic relations with neighboring Qatar and imposed an air, land, and sea blockade against it. A few weeks later, they issued a long list of demands for their fellow GCC member to implement in return for defusing the crisis. -
The Gender Agenda and Islam: Where Next? Gender Equality and Islam: Why Muslim Men Must Recall the Spirit of the Progressive Prophet
The Gender Agenda and Islam: Where Next? Gender Equality and Islam: Why Muslim men must recall the spirit of the progressive prophet Ed Husain is the author of two bestselling books: “The House of Islam: A Global His-tory” (Bloomsbury, 2018) and “The Is- lamist” (Penguin, 2007). He advises political leaders and governments around the world on national security and political ideology. He was a senior adviser to former British Prime Minister Tony Blair. For five years, he was a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, focusing on US foreign policy and the Middle East. Twitter: @Ed_Husain EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Some will say that because I am a man I women should be left less? A survey of people in seven Muslim-majority Saudi fashion Aisha bint Talha, a niece of Aisha bint designer Arwa al- cannot write about women. But as a man, I Much of the literalist, rigid reading of countries by the University of Michi-gan’s Banawi poses in her Abu Bakr, famously refused to wear the say that it is incumbent upon men to become religious texts (usually out of context) Institute for Social Research in 2014 found studio on October veil, claiming that God had created female 25, 2017, in Dubai. champions for achieving full gender equality. emerges from a lack of confidence among that only 14 per cent of Egyptians agreed AFP beauty, and her own attractiveness, and It is men who, too often, hold women back modern-day male clerics. They were too that a woman can decide to dress however so it was too precious to hide. -
Class of 2021
QIMAM FELLOWSHIP Empowering High-Potential University Students in Saudi Arabia CLASS OF 2021 Founding Partner Table of Contents Message from our Founding Partner ......................................................................................... 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 4 Corporate Partners ...................................................................................................................... 6 Executive Partners .................................................................................................................... 18 Program Gallery ........................................................................................................................ 30 Class of 2021 .............................................................................................................................34 Team ..........................................................................................................................................60 PAGEPAGE 1 1 Message from our Founding Partner As the world and the region continue to grapple with COVID-19, for the second year in a row, the Qimam Fellowship was conducted virtually. The incredible examples of young talent in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia truly are bright spots against the backdrop of what continues to be a challenging time for many. We’re excited that our fellows continue to experience the full breadth of the program – leadership training -
Doing Business in Saudi Arabia 01
Doing business in Saudi Arabia 01. 02. 04. 06. A prosperous The largest Legal system Establishment and dynamic economy in the under the Foreign economy Middle East Investment Act 08. 12. 14. 18. Investment The Bankruptcy Employees Construction structures & Law vehicles 20. 21. 22. 24. Real estate The Competition Public Tenders & Intellectual Law Procurement property 27. 28. Import and Dispute export resolution & enforcement 1 A prosperous and dynamic economy Although globally The non-oil private sector is expected recognized as one to be the key driver of growth in the next 12 months. Investment in large Vision 2030 of the world’s leading public infrastructure projects and a The KSA is undergoing an rapidly growing population are both oil producing nations, unprecedented pace of change, factors that stimulate steady growth. the Kingdom of Saudi as Vision 2030 seeks to reshape and This, together with the 2030 vision to boost the KSA’s entire economy. Arabia (KSA) is less raise the share of non-oil exports in known for being one non-oil GDP from 16% to 50%, provides Some of the reform plan’s key goals: of the top 20 destinations a unique and exciting business environment full of opportunities. Become one of the for foreign direct When considering entering into top 15 largest economies investment (FDI). business dealings connected with in the world (vs.18 today) the KSA, it is highly recommended The private sector currently to obtain specialist legal advice at contributes an impressive 48% of the the outset in order to select the most country’s GDP, and with the country’s appropriate business structure and Grow non-oil exports Vision 2030 aimed at increasing this to obtain confi rmation as to how the share in GDP from 16% local law applies to the particular contribution to 65%, the sector is to 50% & increase non-oil expected to grow. -
Middle East Brief, the Islamic Movements Are Still Present in Vision Two Fund
Crown Family Director Professor of Politics Shai Feldman Senior Executive Director Professor of the Practice in Politics Implementing Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030: Gary Samore An Interim Balance Sheet Associate Director Kristina Cherniahivsky Nader Habibi Charles (Corky) Goodman Professor of Middle East History Associate Director for Research Naghmeh Sohrabi n April 2016, Saudi Arabia’s then Deputy Crown Prince, Myra and Robert Kraft Professor Mohammed bin Salman, announced Saudi Vision 2030, an of Arab Politics I Eva Bellin ambitious set of initiatives whose stated aim is to diversify Henry J. Leir Professor of the the country’s economy while also implementing significant Economics of the Middle East Nader Habibi social and cultural reforms. If fully actualized, Vision 2030 would lead to a major transformation of the Kingdom. Since Renée and Lester Crown Professor of Modern Middle East Studies the plan’s rollout, however, international voices and human Pascal Menoret rights groups have protested a lengthy series of policies and Senior Fellows Abdel Monem Said Aly, PhD actions linked to Mohammed bin Salman, most notably Kanan Makiya, Professor Emeritus Saudi Arabia’s involvement in the ongoing war in Yemen and Goldman Senior Fellow the assassination of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi. The Khalil Shikaki, PhD conventional wisdom among journalists and analysts is that Research Fellow these crises, and the international outcry they evoked, have David Siddhartha Patel, PhD had a negative impact on the realization of Vision 2030. Sabbatical Fellows Hanan Hammad, PhD Daniel Neep, PhD This Brief assesses the progress that the Kingdom has achieved in implementing Vision 2030 in the three years since it was announced, Harold Grinspoon Junior Research Fellow Hind Ahmed Zaki, PhD amounting to more than a fifth of the plan’s fourteen-year timespan.