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Lista De Especies De Moluscos Terrestres (Archaeogastropoda, Mesogastropoda, Archaeopulmonata, Stylommatophora, Soleolifera) Informadas Para Costa Rica

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Lista De Especies De Moluscos Terrestres (Archaeogastropoda, Mesogastropoda, Archaeopulmonata, Stylommatophora, Soleolifera) Informadas Para Costa Rica Rev. Biol. Trop. 51 (Suppl. 3): 293-304, 2003 www.ucr.ac.cr www.ots.ac.cr www.ots.duke.edu Lista de especies de moluscos terrestres (Archaeogastropoda, Mesogastropoda, Archaeopulmonata, Stylommatophora, Soleolifera) informadas para Costa Rica Zaidett Barrientos Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Apdo. 22-3100, Santo Domingo, Heredia, Costa Rica; [email protected] Abstract: This is the first comprehensive land molluscs check list for Costa Rica, a previously poorly studied tropical country. It is based on a review of the literature from 1862 through 2001, excluding species not specif- ically reported for Costa Rica (e.g. those ambiguously reported for “ Central America”). There are a total of 183 species and subspecies reported (11 doubtful identifications), belonging to 25 families and 59 genera. The most diverse families are Spiraxidae with 33 (but 8 are doubtful identificartions) species and subspecies, Orthalicidae with 30 (1 is a doubtful identification), Subulinidae with 23, Helicinidae with 17 and Helicarionidae with 15. The groups with most urgent need for additional biodiversity study are the small species, specially the families Helicarionidae, Systrophiidae, and Zonitidae and the genus Spiraxis and Streptostyla. Key words: Land molluscs, check list, Costa Rica. La malacología continental de Costa Rica consistía en dar clases en las escuelas secun- se ha visto favorecida por el trabajo de muy darias de Costa Rica, aprovechaban, sistemáti- pocos investigadores y recolectores. Las pri- camente, sus fines de semana para recolectar meras recolecciones se hicieron a mediados moluscos continentales y otros grupos de in- del siglo XIX por algunos extranjeros, la ma- vertebrados terrestres. Así fue como Paul Bio- yoría europeos o estadounidenses (Monge- lley y Henry Pittier realizaron entre 1890 y Nájera 1997). Muchas de estas personas sólo 1899 el primer inventario de moluscos conti- estuvieron de paso por el país o permanecie- nentales del país. En 1897 P. Biolley (Biolley ron en el por pocos años, además, la principal 1897) publicó una lista de moluscos continen- razón de su estadía generalmente no era la re- tales de la meseta central de Costa Rica, en es- colección de especimenes, así que esa activi- ta lista incluyó 44 especies de moluscos te- dad la realizaban solo durante sus ratos libres. rrestres y 7 morfoespecies identificadas hasta Algunos de los nombres que recordamos por género. El material recolectado por esos dos su aporte a la malacología continental son: suizos fue la base de la obra de E. C. von Mar- Gabb, Wagner, Frantzius, von Seebach, Hoff- tens quien en 1901 publicó el capítulo de mo- mann, Carmiol, van Patten, Boucard, van Pat- luscos terrestres y fluviátiles de la Biología ten y Oersted (Barrientos 2003). Posterior- Centrali-Americana (Monge-Nájera 1997). En mente, a finales del siglo XIX, se establecie- esta obra se informan 123 especies o subespe- ron en el país un par de suizos muy interesa- cies de moluscos terrestres para Costa Rica. dos en la historia natural y aunque su trabajo La mayor parte del material recolectado por 294 MALACOLOGÍA LATINOAMERICANA Biolley y los otros naturalistas que he mencio- una colección de moluscos. Alrededor de 1972 nado está custodiado por museos europeos y y 1973 Carlos Villalobos y Rafael Cruz realiza- norteamericanos, no obstante, Biolley tuvo el ron las primeras recolecciones de material ma- cuidado de dejar una pequeña colección de re- rino para esa colección, por otra parte, Carlos ferencia en el Museo Nacional de Costa, desa- Valerio hizo lo mismo con los moluscos conti- fortunadamente esta colección se extravió. En nentales. La iniciativa más reciente la efectuó 1907, P. Biolley (Biolley 1907) publicó una lis- el Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad en 1993, ta de los moluscos de la Isla del Coco que in- cuando inició el inventario de la malacofauna cluían 8 especies y 1 morfoespecie de moluscos continental costarricense, proyecto que un año terrestres. Durante la primera mitad del siglo después se amplio al hábitat marino. A la fecha XX (aproximadamente de 1906 a 1948) el gran esta es la colección mundial más numerosa y malacólogo H.A. Pilsbry hizo una gran contri- diversa de la malacofauna continental de Costa bución a la fauna neotropical (incluyendo por Rica y sus aportes a la ciencia están empezan- supuesto la fauna costarricense) en una serie de do a publicarse (Barrientos 1996, 1998, 1999a- publicaciones entre las que destacó su Manual b, 2000 a-e, 2001 a-h, 2003). de Conchología. Además, entre de sus numero- sas obras, Pilsbry publicó 2 artículos (Pilsbry 1920) (Pilsbry 1926) que tratan específicamen- MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS te a la fauna costarricense, en ellos mencionó 34 especies o subespecies. Por otra parte, en sus Para la realización de este listado se hizo numerosas obras (incluyendo las antes mencio- una recopilación y revisión crítica de la litera- nadas) se citan al menos 83 especies o subespe- tura de moluscos continentales mesoamerica- cies para Costa Rica. La mayor parte del mate- nos. Aunque en algunas ocasiones la distribu- rial que analizó Pilsbry y de los tipos que nom- ción de una especie mencionaba a Centro bró se encuentran depositados en las coleccio- América, en el listado solo se incluyeron aque- nes de la Academia de Ciencias Naturales de llas especies que citan a Costa Rica en su dis- Philadelphia, EEUU. Posteriormente en la dé- tribución explícitamente. cada de 1960 visitó el país F.G. Thompson, La organización de niveles superiores convirtiéndose en el primer malacólogo espe- (Subclase, Orden, Superfamilia y Familia) se cializado en fauna terrestre en hacer una visita realizó siguiendo a Vaught (Vaught 1989), ex- al país con fines específicamente científicos. El cepto en el caso de Cyclophoriidae en el que se material que recolectó ha sido utilizado princi- siguió a Thompson (Thompson 1969), en He- palmente por él mismo para la elaboración de licarionidae que se siguió a Baker (Baker varios artículos taxonómicos (Thompson 1969) 1941) y en Urocoptidae que se siguió a Zilch (Breure & Eskens 1981) (Thompson 1987) (Zilch 1959-1960). En niveles inferiores a fa- (Thompson & López 1996) y está depositado el milia casi siempre se utilizó la clasificación Museo de Historia Natural de Florida de la Uni- más reciente según la literatura disponible. La versidad de Florida en Gainesville, Florida, única excepción se dio en el género Orthalicus, EEUU. Posteriormente en la década de 1970 un en donde se siguió a Martens (Martens 1892- grupo de investigadores se interesó en los mo- 101) por ser la clasificación más sencilla, pues luscos terrestres como transmisores de enfer- aunque otros autores como Strebel (Strebel medades a humanos (Morera 1973) y alrededor 1909) y Pilsbry (29 Pilsbry 1899) trabajaron de 1983 otros investigadores se interesaron en con ese género en años más recientes, utiliza- el impacto de los moluscos terrestres como pla- ron híbridos y variedades no bien definidas. Es gas de cultivos (Rodríguez 1987). Posterior- posible que en este grupo sea necesario realizar mente, el Museo de Zoología de la Universidad un análisis morfométrico de las especies a lo de Costa Rica, cuyo director de ese entonces largo de toda su distribución para poder definir era Douglas Robinson, se interesó en incluir y aclarar los límites entre una especie y otra. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION 295 Algunas de estas especies cuentan con si- Olygyra Say, 1818 nónimos (Baker 1926, Baker 1927, Baker 1930, Olygyra beatrix beatrix (Angas, 1879) Baker 1941, Boss & Jacobson 1974, Martens (Martens 1892-1901: 39, 606) (Pilsbry 1926: 127) (Wagner 1911: 83) 1892-1901, Martens 1902, Pilsbry 1897-1898, Olygyra beatrix confusa Wagner, 1911 Pilsbry 1899, Pilsbry 1906, Pilsbry 1907-1908, (Wagner 1911: 84) Pilsbry 1920-1921, Pilsbry 1926, Pilsbry 1948, Olygyra chiquitica Richling, 2001 Richards 1938, Riedel 1980, Solem 1966, Tho- (Richling 2001: 1-2) mé 1993, Thompson 1987) pero por ser contro- Olygyra fragilis (Morelet, 1851) (Wagner 1911: 84) versiales no se incluyen en el listado. Olygyra gemma (Preston,1903) Junto a cada especie se incluye las citas en (Wagner 1911: 83) las que se informó la presencia de esa especie Olygyra talamancensis Richling, 2001 en Costa Rica. La cita va seguido por dos pun- (Richling 2001: 3-5) tos y el número de página en que se habla de la Vianinae Lucidella Swainson, 1840 especie y su distribución en Costa Rica. Las Lucidella lirata (Pfr., 1847) especies marcadas con un asterisco al inicio (Martens 1892-1901: 607) (Pilsbry 1926: 127) son especies cuya identificación es dudosa ba- sados en la distribución de la especie y en ma- Orden: MESOGASTROPODA Superfamilia: CYCLOPHOROIDEA terial presente en museos. CYCLOPHORIDAE Neocyclotinae Dicrista Thompson, 1969 RESULTADOS *Dicrista cooperi (Tryon, 1863) (Martens 1892-1901: 6-7) (Thompson 1969: 42-47) Barbacyclus Bartsch & Morrison 1942 Clase: GASTROPODA Barbacyclus boucardi (Angas, 1878) Subclase: PROSOBRANCHIA (de la Torre, Bartsch & Morrison 1942: 177) Orden: ARCHAEOGASTROPODA (Martens, 1892-1901: 5-6, 597) Superfamilia: HELICINOIDEA Barbacyclus princeps (Pilsbry, 1935) HELICINIDAE (de la Torre, Bartsch & Morrison 1942: 175) Helicininae (Thompson 1969: 64) Helicina Lamarck, 1799 Barbacyclus underwoodi (Da Costa, 1900) Helicina boeckeleri Richling, 2001 (Da Costa 1901: 67) (de la Torre, Bartsch & (Richling 2001: 6-7) Morrison 1942: 176) (Martens 1892-1901: 598) Helicina deppeana parvidens Pilsbry, 1920 Neocyclotus Fischer & Crosse, 1886 (Pilsbry 1920:
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