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Table 2. 2012 AGS Beers Criteria for Potentially
Table 2. 2012 AGS Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults Strength of Organ System/ Recommendat Quality of Recomm Therapeutic Category/Drug(s) Rationale ion Evidence endation References Anticholinergics (excludes TCAs) First-generation antihistamines Highly anticholinergic; Avoid Hydroxyzin Strong Agostini 2001 (as single agent or as part of clearance reduced with e and Boustani 2007 combination products) advanced age, and promethazi Guaiana 2010 Brompheniramine tolerance develops ne: high; Han 2001 Carbinoxamine when used as hypnotic; All others: Rudolph 2008 Chlorpheniramine increased risk of moderate Clemastine confusion, dry mouth, Cyproheptadine constipation, and other Dexbrompheniramine anticholinergic Dexchlorpheniramine effects/toxicity. Diphenhydramine (oral) Doxylamine Use of diphenhydramine in Hydroxyzine special situations such Promethazine as acute treatment of Triprolidine severe allergic reaction may be appropriate. Antiparkinson agents Not recommended for Avoid Moderate Strong Rudolph 2008 Benztropine (oral) prevention of Trihexyphenidyl extrapyramidal symptoms with antipsychotics; more effective agents available for treatment of Parkinson disease. Antispasmodics Highly anticholinergic, Avoid Moderate Strong Lechevallier- Belladonna alkaloids uncertain except in Michel 2005 Clidinium-chlordiazepoxide effectiveness. short-term Rudolph 2008 Dicyclomine palliative Hyoscyamine care to Propantheline decrease Scopolamine oral secretions. Antithrombotics Dipyridamole, oral short-acting* May -
(Xenazine); Deutetrabenazine (Austedo); Valbenazine
tetrabenazine (Xenazine ®); deutetrabenazine (Austedo ™); valbenazine (Ingrezza ™) EOCCO POLICY Po licy Type: PA/SP Pharmacy Coverage Policy: EOCCO157 Description Tetrabenazine (Xenazine), deutetrabenazine (Austedo) and valbenazine (Ingrezza) are reversible vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors that act by regulating monoamine uptake from the cytoplasm to the synaptic vesicle. Its mechanism of action in Tardive dyskinesia or chorea-reduction is unknown . Length of Authorization Initial (Tardive dyskinesia): Three months Initial (Chorea associated with Huntington’s disease): 12 months Renewal: 12 months Quantity limits Product Name Dosage Form Indication Quantity Limit 12.5 mg Chorea associated with 60 tablets/30 days 25 mg Huntington’s disease Chorea associated with tetrabenazine (Xenazine) Huntington’s disease, 25 mg genotyped extensive 120 tablets/30 days and intermediate metabolizers 12.5 mg Chorea associated with 60 tablets/30 days 25 mg Huntington’s disease Chorea associated with generic tetrabenazine Huntington’s disease, 25 mg genotyped extensive 120 tablets/30 days and intermediate metabolizers 6 mg Tardive dyskinesia in adults; Chorea 30 tablets/30 days deutetrabenazine (Austedo) 9 mg associated with 12 mg Huntington’s disease 120 tablets/30 days 40 mg 30 capsules/30 days; valbenazine (Ingrezza) Tardive Dyskinesia 80 mg 4-week Initiation Pack Initial Evaluation I. Tetrabenazine (Xenazine), deutetrabenazine (Austedo) and valbenazine (Ingrezza) may be considered medically necessary when the following criteria below are met: A. Member is 18 years of age or older; AND B. Medication is prescribed by, or in consultation with, a neurologist or psychiatrist; AND C. Medication will not be used in combination with another VMAT2 inhibitor [e.g. tetrabenazine (Xenazine), deutetrabenazine (Austedo) valbenazine (Ingrezza)], monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) [e.g. -
Management of Major Depressive Disorder Clinical Practice Guidelines May 2014
Federal Bureau of Prisons Management of Major Depressive Disorder Clinical Practice Guidelines May 2014 Table of Contents 1. Purpose ............................................................................................................................................. 1 2. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Natural History ................................................................................................................................. 2 Special Considerations ...................................................................................................................... 2 3. Screening ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Screening Questions .......................................................................................................................... 3 Further Screening Methods................................................................................................................ 4 4. Diagnosis ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Depression: Three Levels of Severity ............................................................................................... 4 Clinical Interview and Documentation of Risk Assessment............................................................... -
New Zealand Data Sheet 1
New Zealand Data Sheet 1. PRODUCT NAME Motetis 25 mg tablet 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each Motetis 25 mg tablets contains 25 mg of tetrabenazine. Excipient(s) with known effect Contains lactose monohydrate. For the full list of excipients, see Section 6.1. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Yellow, round, flat tablet with a score line on one side. The tablet can be divided into equal halves. 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1. Therapeutic indications Movement disorders associated with organic central nervous system conditions, such as Huntington's chorea, hemiballismus and senile chorea. Tetrabenazine is also indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe tardive dyskinesia, which is disabling and/or socially embarrassing. The condition should be persistent despite withdrawal of antipsychotic therapy, or in cases where withdrawal of antipsychotic medication is not a realistic option; also, where the condition persists despite reduction in dosage of antipsychotic medication or switching to atypical antipsychotic medication. 4.2. Dose and method of administration Dose Proper dosing of tetrabenazine involves careful titration of therapy to determine an individualised dose for each patient. When first prescribed, tetrabenazine therapy should be titrated slowly over several weeks to allow the identification of a dose for chronic use that reduces chorea and is well tolerated. Movement disorders Dosage and administration are variable and only a guide is given. An initial starting dose of 25 mg three times a day is recommended. This can be increased by 25 mg a day every three (3) or four (4) days until 200 mg per day is being given or the limit of tolerance, as dictated by unwanted effects, is reached, whichever is the lower dose. -
Tactile Stimulation on Adulthood Modifies the HPA Axis, Neurotrophic Factors, and GFAP Signaling Reverting Depression-Like Behavior in Female Rats
Molecular Neurobiology (2019) 56:6239–6250 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-019-1522-5 Tactile Stimulation on Adulthood Modifies the HPA Axis, Neurotrophic Factors, and GFAP Signaling Reverting Depression-Like Behavior in Female Rats Kr. Roversi1 & Caren Tatiane de David Antoniazzi1 & L. H. Milanesi1 & H. Z. Rosa1 & M. Kronbauer1 & D. R. Rossato2 & T. Duarte1 & M. M. Duarte3 & Marilise E. Burger1 Received: 9 October 2018 /Accepted: 30 January 2019 /Published online: 11 February 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Depression is a common psychiatric disease which pharmacological treatment relieves symptoms, but still far from ideal. Tactile stimulation (TS) has shown beneficial influences in neuropsychiatric disorders, but the mechanism of action is not clear. Here, we evaluated the TS influence when applied on adult female rats previously exposed to a reserpine-induced depression-like animal model. Immediately after reserpine model (1 mg/kg/mL, 1×/day, for 3 days), female Wistar rats were submitted to TS (15 min, 3×/day, for 8 days) or not (unhandled). Imipramine (10 mg/kg/mL) was used as positive control. After behavioral assessments, animals were euthanized to collect plasma and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Behavioral observations in the forced swimming test, splash test, and sucrose preference confirmed the reserpine-induced depression-like behavior, which was reversed by TS. Our findings showed that reserpine increased plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone, decreased brain- derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B, and increased proBDNF immunoreactivity in the PFC, which were also reversed by TS. Moreover, TS reestablished glial fibrillary acidic protein and glucocorticoid receptor levels, decreased by reserpine in PFC, while glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor was increased by TS per se. -
Determination of Salivary Efavirenz by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry
G Model CHROMB-17040; No. of Pages 5 ARTICLE IN PRESS Journal of Chromatography B, xxx (2010) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Chromatography B journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chromb Determination of salivary efavirenz by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry Anri Theron a, Duncan Cromarty b, Malie Rheeders a, Michelle Viljoen a,∗ a Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy & Unit for Drug Research and Development North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Building G16, Room 113, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa b Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa article info abstract Article history: A novel and robust screening method for the determination of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase Received 12 May 2010 inhibitor, efavirenz (EFV), in human saliva has been developed and validated based on high perfor- Accepted 31 August 2010 mance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Sample preparation of the saliva Available online xxx involved solid-phase extraction (SPE) on C18 cartridges. The analytes were separated by high perfor- mance liquid chromatography (Phenomenex Kinetex C18, 150 mm × 3 mm internal diameter, 2.6 m Keywords: particle size) and detected with tandem mass spectrometry in electrospray positive ionization mode Efavirenz with multiple reaction monitoring. Gradient elution with increasing methanol (MeOH) concentration Saliva LC–MS/MS was used to elute the analytes, at a flow-rate of 0.4 mL/min. The total run time was 8.4 min and the retention times for the internal standard (reserpine) was 5.4 min and for EFV was 6.5 min. -
Tetrabenazine: the First Approved Drug for the Treatment of Chorea in US Patients with Huntington Disease
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Dovepress open access to scientific and medical research Open Access Full Text Article REVIEW 7HWUDEHQD]LQHWKHÀUVWDSSURYHGGUXJ for the treatment of chorea in US patients with Huntington disease Samuel Frank Abstract: Huntington disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited progressive neurological disease Boston University School of Medicine, characterized by chorea, an involuntary brief movement that tends to flow between body regions. Boston, Massachusetts, USA HD is typically diagnosed based on clinical findings in the setting of a family history and may be confirmed with genetic testing. Predictive testing is available to those at risk, but only experienced clinicians should perform the counseling and testing. Multiple areas of the brain degenerate mainly involving the neurotransmitters dopamine, glutamate, and G-aminobutyric acid. Although pharmacotherapies theoretically target these neurotransmitters, few well-conducted trials for symptomatic or neuroprotective interventions yielded positive results. Tetrabenazine (TBZ) is a dopamine-depleting agent that may be one of the more effective agents for reducing chorea, although it has a risk of potentially serious adverse effects. Some newer antipsychotic agents, such as olanzapine and aripiprazole, may have adequate efficacy with a more favorable adverse-effect profile than older antipsychotic agents for treating chorea and psychosis. This review will address the epidemiology and diagnosis of HD as background for understanding potential pharmacological treatment options. Because TBZ is the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved medication in the United States for HD, the focus of this review will be on its pharmacology, efficacy, safety, and practical uses. There are no current treatments to change the course of HD, but education and symptomatic therapies can be effective tools for clinicians to use with patients and families affected by HD. -
Clinical Study Protocol with Amendment 3 an Open-Label
Clinical Study Protocol with Amendment 3 An Open-Label, Long Term Safety Study of SD-809 ER in Subjects with Chorea Associated with Huntington Disease Study SD-809-C-16 NCT01897896 Protocol with Amendment 3 Approval Date: 2 March 2015 &21),'(17,$/ 7KHIROORZLQJFRQWDLQVFRQILGHQWLDOSURSULHWDU\LQIRUPDWLRQZKLFKLVWKHSURSHUW\RI $XVSH[3KDUPDFHXWLFDOV,QF 35272&2/180%(56'& $123(1/$%(//21*7(506$)(7<678'<2)6'(5,1 68%-(&76:,7+&+25($$662&,$7(':,7+ +817,1*721',6($6( $OWHUQDWLYHVIRU5HGXFLQJ&KRUHDLQ+XQWLQJWRQ'LVHDVH $5&+' 0DUFK $PHQGPHQW 'HYHORSPHQW3KDVH Auspex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Protocol SD-809-C-16 Huntington Study Group ARC-HD STUDY CONTACTS SPONSOR: Auspex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 3333 N. Torrey Pines Court, Suite 400 La Jolla, CA 92037 USA Principal Investigator Co-Principal Investigator CLINICAL MONITOR Amendment 3 CONFIDENTIAL 2 Auspex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Protocol SD-809-C-16 Huntington Study Group ARC-HD PROTOCOL SYNOPSIS PROTOCOL SD-809-C-16 TITLE An Open-Label, Long Term Safety Study of SD-809 ER in Subjects With Chorea Associated With Huntington Disease Running Title Alternatives for Reducing Chorea in HD (ARC-HD) PHASE 3 (Safety) INDICATION Treatment of chorea associated with Huntington disease NO. SITES Approximately 40 OBJECTIVES 1) Evaluate the safety and tolerability of titration and maintenance therapy with SD-809 ER 2) Evaluate the safety and tolerability of switching subjects from tetrabenazine to SD-809 ER 3) Evaluate the pharmacokinetics of tetrabenazine, SD-809 and their respective α- and β-HTBZ metabolites in subjects switching from tetrabenazine to SD-809 ER STUDY Approximately 116 male and female adult subjects with manifest Huntington disease POPULATION (HD) who are receiving approved doses of tetrabenazine for treatment of chorea (approx. -
Amnurite® Tablets
Amnurite® Tablets Each Tablet Contains Amitriptyline – 10 / 25 mg Mecobalamin – 1500 mcg SR PHARMACEUTICAL INFORMATION – AMITRIPTYLINE Generic name: Amitriptyline Chemical name: 3-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene-5-ylidene)-N,N-dimethyl propan - 1 - amine Molecular mass: 277.403 g/mol Structural formula: Empirical formula – C20 H23 N Storage and Stability: Store at room temperature (15°to 30°C) MECOBALAMIN Generic name: Methylcobalamin Molecular mass: 1344.40 g/mol Structural formula: Empirical formula – C63H91CoN13O14P PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES – Amitriptyline Amitriptyline is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with peak plasma concentrations occurring between 2 and 12 hours after administration. Bioavailability of the drug is between 30 and 60% due to extensive first pass metabolism of the drug in the liver. Amitriptyline is demethylated in the liver to its primary active metabolite, nortriptyline. Amitriptyline is over 90% protein bound. Its elimination half-life varies from 10 to 50 hours, with an average of 15 hours. Within 24 hours, approximately 25 to 50% of a dose of amitriptyline is excreted in the urine as inactive metabolites; small amounts are excreted in the bile. Routine serum drug concentration monitoring is not warranted but may be useful to assess compliance or suspected toxicity. Recommended therapeutic trough levels, i.e., the sum of both amitriptyline and its metabolite nortriptyline, vary widely and range from 250 to 900 nmol/L (60 to 250 ng/mL). Ideally, the trough level should be taken 12 hours following administration of the last dose. TCAs are thought to work by inhibiting reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in the CNS, which potentiates the neurotransmitters. -
Phase I Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacogenetics Study of the Antituberculosis Drug PA-824 with Concomitant Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Efavirenz, Or Rifampin
Phase I Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacogenetics Study of the Antituberculosis Drug PA-824 with Concomitant Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Efavirenz, or Rifampin Kelly E. Dooley,a Anne F. Luetkemeyer,b Jeong-Gun Park,c Reena Allen,d Yoninah Cramer,c Stephen Murray,e Deborah Sutherland,f Francesca Aweeka,b Susan L. Koletar,g Florence Marzan,b Jing Bao,h Rada Savic,b David W. Haas,f the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5306 Study Team Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USAa; University of California, San Francisco, California, USAb; Statistical and Data Analysis Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USAc; Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland, USAd; Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York, New York, USAe; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USAf; Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USAg; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Division of AIDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USAh There is an urgent need for new antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs, including agents that are safe and effective with concomitant antiretrovirals (ARV) and first-line TB drugs. PA-824 is a novel antituberculosis nitroimidazole in late-phase clinical develop- ment. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A, which can be induced or inhibited by ARV and antituberculosis drugs, is a minor (ϳ20%) metabolic pathway for PA-824. In a phase I clinical trial, we characterized interactions between PA-824 and efavirenz (arm 1), lopinavir/ritonavir (arm 2), and rifampin (arm 3) in healthy, HIV-uninfected volunteers without TB disease. Participants in arms 1 and 2 were randomized to receive drugs via sequence 1 (PA-824 alone, washout, ARV, and ARV plus PA-824) or sequence 2 (ARV, ARV with PA-824, washout, and PA-824 alone). -
Medications to Be Avoided Or Used with Caution in Parkinson's Disease
Medications To Be Avoided Or Used With Caution in Parkinson’s Disease This medication list is not intended to be complete and additional brand names may be found for each medication. Every patient is different and you may need to take one of these medications despite caution against it. Please discuss your particular situation with your physician and do not stop any medication that you are currently taking without first seeking advice from your physician. Most medications should be tapered off and not stopped suddenly. Although you may not be taking these medications at home, one of these medications may be introduced while hospitalized. If a hospitalization is planned, please have your neurologist contact your treating physician in the hospital to advise which medications should be avoided. Medications to be avoided or used with caution in combination with Selegiline HCL (Eldepryl®, Deprenyl®, Zelapar®), Rasagiline (Azilect®) and Safinamide (Xadago®) Medication Type Medication Name Brand Name Narcotics/Analgesics Meperidine Demerol® Tramadol Ultram® Methadone Dolophine® Propoxyphene Darvon® Antidepressants St. John’s Wort Several Brands Muscle Relaxants Cyclobenzaprine Flexeril® Cough Suppressants Dextromethorphan Robitussin® products, other brands — found as an ingredient in various cough and cold medications Decongestants/Stimulants Pseudoephedrine Sudafed® products, other Phenylephrine brands — found as an ingredient Ephedrine in various cold and allergy medications Other medications Linezolid (antibiotic) Zyvox® that inhibit Monoamine oxidase Phenelzine Nardil® Tranylcypromine Parnate® Isocarboxazid Marplan® Note: Additional medications are cautioned against in people taking Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI), including other opioids (beyond what is mentioned in the chart above), most classes of antidepressants and other stimulants (beyond what is mentioned in the chart above). -
Xenazine (Tetrabenazine) Policy Number: C3894A
Prior Authorization Criteria Xenazine (tetrabenazine) Policy Number: C3894A CRITERIA EFFECTIVE DATES: ORIGINAL EFFECTIVE DATE LAST REVIEWED DATE NEXT REVIEW DATE 02/2019 02/2020 J CODE TYPE OF CRITERIA LAST P&T APPROVAL J8499 MCP MCP-075 PRODUCTS AFFECTED: Oral (tablets) DRUG CLASS: Central Monoamine-Depleting Agent; Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 (VMAT2) Inhibitor ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION: Oral PLACE OF SERVICE: Specialty Pharmacy AVAILABLE DOSAGE FORMS: Tablets: 12.5 mg, 25 mg FDA-APPROVED USES: Chorea associated with Huntington’s disease COMPENDIAL APPROVED OFF-LABELED USES: Tardive dyskinesia in adults, Tourette's syndrome (TS or Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome) COVERAGE CRITERIA: INITIAL AUTHORIZATION DIAGNOSIS: Chorea associated with Huntington’s Disease; Tardive Dyskinesia; Tourette's syndrome REQUIRED MEDICAL INFORMATION: A. CHOREA ASSOCIATED WITH HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE: 1. Diagnosis of Huntington’s disease with chorea symptoms confirmed by documentation of: (a) Huntington Disease Mutation Analysis: indicating an expanded CAG repeat (≥ 36) in the huntington gene (HTT) (also known as HD gene), OR (b)A positive family history of HD, with autosomal dominant inheritance pattern AND 2. Documented trial of at least one alternative treatment (typical neuroleptics, atypical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, or amantadine) AND 3. STABLE psychiatric status: Member does not have risk for suicidal or violent behavior and does not have untreated or inadequately treated depression AND 4. If member has a history of depression and/or suicidal ideation: An evaluation by a neurologist or behavioral health provider prior to starting therapy is required AND member is counseled on receiving treatment and follow-up assessment for psychiatric condition from the Prescriber (neurologist) or behavioral health provider while on therapy.