U.S.A. Contro John Lennon

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U.S.A. Contro John Lennon presenta 63ª Mostra Internazionale del Cinema di Venezia U.S.A. CONTRO JOHN LENNON Scritto, prodotto e diretto da DAVID LEAF & JOHN SCHEINFELD Durata: 99 minuti USCITA PREVISTA: 1 GIUGNO 2007 “Di tutti i documentari che sono stati realizzati su John, questo è quello che avrebbe amato di più.” -- Yoko Ono I FILMMAKER Scritto e diretto da David Leaf & John Scheinfeld Prodotto da David Leaf & John Scheinfeld Produttori esecutivi Sandra Stern Kevin Beggs Tom Ortenberg Nick Meyer Steve Rothenberg Erik Nelson Michael Hirschorn Brad Abramson Lauren Lazin Direttore della fotografia James Mathers Montatore Peter S. Lynch. II Coordinamento della produzione Arlene Colbert Wszalek Supervisione alla produzione Terry Castagnola Produttore associato Kristina Wood Talent Producer Bill Royce SINOSSI Una guerra sempre più impopolare e un’opinione pubblica inquieta… Un’amministrazione presidenziale impegnata a spiare e intercettare… Un musicista di fama mondiale che protesta a voce alta… e viene preso di mira. Prima dell’Iraq, prima dell’Amministrazione Bush, prima delle Dixie Chicks, di Bruce Springsteen, dei Pearl Jam… c’era John Lennon, il celebre musicista che ha usato la sua fama e il suo successo per protestare contro la guerra in Vietnam e per difendere la pace nel mondo. In U.S.A. contro John Lennon, il nuovo documentario targato Lionsgate e VH1, i cineasti David Leaf e John Scheinfeld ripercorrono la metamorfosi che trasformò Lennon da amabile “Moptop” a militante pacifista e a icona ispiratrice, rivelando la verità sul come e sul perché il governo degli Stati Uniti abbia cercato di metterlo a tacere. Incentrato soprattutto sul decennio 1966-1976, U.S.A. contro John Lennon pone nel giusto contesto storico l’attivismo di Lennon e il sommovimento socio-politico che rappresentava. Fu quello, infatti, uno dei periodi più ribelli della storia americana, dominato dalla guerra del Vietnam, dalla nascita di tutta una serie di movimenti politici (quello pacifista, quello per i diritti civili, la New Left) che sfidavano lo status quo, dalla presidenza Nixon, dalle rivelazioni sugli inganni, la sorveglianza e le persecuzioni del governo, dal caso Watergate. Il film propone un vasto campione delle figure più significative dell’epoca, uomini e donne che sono stati testimoni diretti e autorevoli tanto di eventi specifici quanto di un clima generale. Tra loro figurano attivisti politici afro-americani come Angela Davis e Bobby Seale, giornalisti come Carl Bernstein e Walter Cronkite, funzionari dell’amministrazione Nixon come G. Gordon Liddy e John Dean, un reduce del Vietnam e militante pacifista come Ron Kovic, l’eminente storico e romanziere americano Gore Vidal, l’ex-governatore dello Stato di New York Mario Cuomo e il tre volte senatore e candidato democratico alle presidenziali Gorge McGovern. Tuttavia è proprio John Lennon la voce preminente, la presenza centrale e più galvanizzante di tutto il documentario. Con la sua stessa musica a fare da sottile e incisivo contrappunto al racconto, il film riesce a cogliere e a descrivere un Lennon pubblico e privato che probabilmente molti spettatori non conoscono: un giovane di principi, divertente e straordinariamente carismatico, che seppe rifiutarsi di restare in silenzio di fronte all’ingiustizia. Yoko Ono, moglie di Lennon e anche sua collaboratrice creativa e partner nella campagna pacifista, ha concesso agli autori di accedere per la prima volta agli archivi Lennon-Ono, permettendo loro di utilizzare per il film materiali audiovisivi inediti. In una serie di approfondite interviste, Ono condivide inoltre i propri ricordi personali, evocando come nessun altro avrebbe potuto la realtà quotidiana della coppia, le loro speranze, la loro felicità. E la dura esperienza da loro patita per mano del governo degli Stati Uniti. Frutto di ricerca scrupolose e illustrato in modo vivido, U.S.A. contro John Lennon getta luce su un capitolo poco noto della storia contemporanea, allorché un presidente e la sua amministrazione, facendo ricorso agli apparati del governo per combattere una guerra segreta contro il musicista più popolare del mondo. Esplorando un’epoca resa torbida dagli stessi problemi con cui ci troviamo a confrontarci anche oggi, U.S.A. contro John Lennon propone una storia che si rivolge con forza ai nostri tempi inquieti. U.S.A. contro John Lennon è prodotto, diretto e scritto da David Leaf e John Scheinfeld. Produttori esecutivi sono Kevin Beggs, Sandra Stern, Tom Ortenberg, Nick Meyer, Steve Rothenberg, Erik Nelson, Michael Hirschorn, Brad Abramson, e Lauren Lazin. CRONOLOGIA ESSENZIALE 9 febbraio 1964 – I Beatles fanno la loro prima apparizione al “The Ed Sullivan Show”. 7 agosto 1964 – Su richiesta dell’amministrazione Johnson, il Congresso approva la “Risoluzione del Golfo del Tonkino”, autorizzando così le forze armate degli Stati Uniti a respingere attacchi armati. Prendendo spunto dalla dichiarazione dell’amministrazione Johnson secondo la quale militari del Vietnam del Nord avevano attaccato una nave da guerra statunitense – un’affermazione poi largamente confutata – la Risoluzione permette di fatto agli Stati Uniti di inviare truppe in Vietnam. 17 aprile 1965 – 25.000 persone partecipano a Washington ad una dimostrazione contro la guerra in Vietnam: è la più grande protesta pacifista mai vista nella capitale fino ad allora. 28 luglio 1965 – Il presidente Lyndon Johnson annuncia di voler inviare in Vietnam altri 44 battaglioni, aumentando il personale militare a 125.000 unità. Le chiamate mensili alla leva vengono raddoppiate. Ottobre 1966 – Huey P. Newton e Bobby Seale fondano a Oakland, in California, il Black Panther Party for Self-Defense. Basata sui principi del nazionalismo nero e dell’auto-determinazione, la nuova formazione politica inizia a collaborare con svariati altri gruppi di sinistra, tra cui Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), Youth International Party (Yippies), Puerto Rican Young Lords of New York e Peace and Freedom Party of California. 1 giugno 1967 – Il reduce dal Vietnam Jan Crumb e sei suoi ex-commilitoni fondano il gruppo pacifista Vietnam Veterans Against the War. 22 ottobre 1967 – Oltre 100.000 persone prendono parte alla “Marcia sul Pentagono”, reclamando la fine della guerra in Vietnam. Tra loro, i futuri Yippies Abbie Hoffman, Stew Albert e Jerry Rubin. Quest’ultimo introduce una nota umoristica in un raduno altrimenti molto serio, con l’assurdo tentativo di far levitare il Pentagono. 31 dicembre 1967 – Paul Krassner conia un nome – gli Yippies – per l’allegra banda di provocatori politici costituita, tra gli altri, da lui stesso, Abbie Hoffman, Anita Hoffman, Jerry Rubin e Stew Albert. Anita Hoffman suggerisce un nome che suoni più ufficiale: Youth International Party. 30 gennaio 1968 – Il Vietnam del Nord lancia l’”Offensiva del Tet”, attaccando alcune città in mano agli americani e ai sud-vietnamiti. 31 marzo 1968 – Il presidente Lyndon Johnson, la cui popolarità sta precipitando a causa della guerra in Vietnam, annuncia che non si ricandiderà alla presidenza. 28 agosto 1968 – La violenza esplode durante la Convenzione Nazionale dei Democratici a Chicago: la polizia attacca i dimostranti pacifisti, i passanti e i giornalisti davanti alle cineprese dei telegiornali Nazionali. 5 novembre 1968 – Richard Nixon viene eletto presidente, sconfiggendo di poco il vice presidente Hubert H. Humphrey. 20 marzo 1969 – John Lennon e Yoko Ono si sposano a Gibilterra. 12 novembre 1969 – Il reporter investigativo Seymour Hersch pubblica il primo resoconto giornalistico sul “Massacro di My Lay” del marzo 1968, durante il quale la fanteria americana aveva ucciso circa 500 civili sud-vietnamiti, per lo più donne, bambini e anziani. Il sostegno alla guerra cala ulteriormente. 15 novembre 1969 – Tra i 250.000 e i 600.000 dimostranti partecipano al Washington “Moratorium”, la più grande manifestazione pacifista nella storia degli Stati Uniti. 4 maggio 1970 – Quattro studenti universitari vengono uccisi a colpi di arma da fuoco e nove altri vengono feriti dalla Guardia Nazionale dell’Ohio nel campus della Kent State University. Gli studenti stavano manifestando contro l’invasione americana della Cambogia, avviata dal presidente Richard Nixon il 25 aprile e annunciata da un discorso televisivo cinque giorni dopo. 13 giugno 1971 – Il “New York Times” inizia a pubblicare brani tratti dai “Pentagon Papers,” un dossier governativo top-secret in 47 volumi sul coinvolgimento americano in Vietnam, commissionato da Robert McNamara nel 1967 e completato nel 1969. Gli estratti rivelano le pratiche ingannevoli del governo, contribuendo a far aumentare la rabbia dell’opinione pubblica sulla guerra. Il Dipartimento di Giustizia di Nixon cerca di ottenere un’ingiunzione del tribunale che impedisca ulteriori pubblicazioni, ma il tentativo viene respinto in modo definitivo dalla Corte Suprema. 17 giugno 1972 – Cinque uomini sono tratti in arresto nel complesso di uffici del Watergate Hotel per aver cercato di introdursi nel quartier generale del Comitato Nazionale dei Democratici. Il furto con scasso viene successivamente fatto risalire alla Casa Bianca, a Nixon e al Comitato per la Rielezione del Presidente (CREEP), rivelando un complotto destinato a sabotare la campagna presidenziale dei Democratici. 7 novembre 1972 –Nixon viene eletto presidente per la seconda volta, battendo il candidato democratico George McGovern in modo schiacciante. 27 gennaio 1973 – Vengono firmati gli accordi di pace di Parigi, che aprono la strada al ritiro dal Vietnam delle forze militari americane. 17 maggio
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