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Military Power Reimagined: the Rise and Future of Shaping Recall Joint Force Quarterly Is Published by the National by Kyle J

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Military Power Reimagined: the Rise and Future of Shaping Recall Joint Force Quarterly Is Published by the National by Kyle J Issue 102, 3rd Quarter 2021 JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY ISSUE ONE HUNDRED TWO, 3 Military Power Reimagined Hydrocarbons and Hegemony RD QUARTER 2021 Force Integration in Resistance Operations Joint Force Quarterly Founded in 1993 • Vol. 102, 3rd Quarter 2021 https://ndupress.ndu.edu GEN Mark A. Milley, USA, Publisher Lt Gen Michael T. Plehn, USAF, President, NDU Editor in Chief Col William T. Eliason, USAF (Ret.), Ph.D. Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. Senior Editor and Director of Art John J. Church, D.M.A. Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich Copyeditor Andrea L. Connell Book Review Editor Brett Swaney Assistant Internet Publications Editor Jen Russell Creative Director Marco Marchegiani, U.S. Government Publishing Office Advisory Committee BrigGen Jay M. Bargeron, USMC/Marine Corps War College; RDML Shoshana S. Chatfield, USN/U.S. Naval War College; BG Joy L. Curriera, USA/Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy; Col Lee G. Gentile, Jr., USAF/Air Command and Staff College; Col Thomas J. Gordon, USMC/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; Ambassador John Hoover/College of International Security Affairs; Cassandra C. Lewis, Ph.D./College of Information and Cyberspace; LTG Michael D. Lundy, USA/U.S. Army Command and General Staff College; MG Stephen J. Maranian, USA/U.S. Army War College; VADM Stuart B. Munsch, USN/The Joint Staff; LTG Andrew P. Poppas, USA/The Joint Staff; RDML Cedric E. Pringle, USN/National War College; Brig Gen Michael T. Rawls, USAF/Air War College; MajGen W.H. Seely III/Joint Forces Staff College Editorial Board Richard K. Betts/Columbia University; Eliot A. Cohen/The Johns Hopkins University; Richard L. DiNardo/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; Aaron L. Friedberg/Princeton University; Bryon Greenwald/Joint Forces Staff College; COL James E. Hayes, USA/National War College; Douglas N. Hime/Naval War College; Kathleen Mahoney-Norris/Air Command and Staff College; Bert B. Tussing/U.S. Army War College Cover 2 images (top to bottom): Airman receives instruction while refueling E-8C Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System aircraft during mission supporting Combined Joint Task Force– Operation Inherent Resolve over U.S. Central Command area of responsibility, February 22, 2021 (U.S. Air Force/Trevor T. McBride); Recruits with Delta Company, 1st Recruit Training Battalion, complete obstacle course during Crucible, aboard Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, South Carolina, April 30, 2021 (U.S. Marine Corps/Samuel C. Fletcher); Soldier from Delta Company, 2nd Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Brigade Combat Team, 25th Infantry Division, conducts Turkish get-ups as part of Bronco Fitness Challenge, at F-Quad, Schofield Barracks, Hawaii, March 24, 2021 (U.S. Army/Angelo Mejia) About the Cover In This Issue Soldiers from 101st Airborne Division, Fort Campbell, Kentucky, receive training on vaccine Forum process from Federal Emergency 2 Executive Summary Management Agency officials at Wolstein Center in Cleveland, 4 Fighting as Intended: The Case March 14, 2021, providing for Austere Communications continued, flexible Department By Scott Pence of Defense support to whole-of- government response to COVID-19 14 Improving the Battle pandemic (U.S. Army/Robert Rhythm to Operate at the O’Steen) Speed of Relevance By Matthew Prescott 20 Military Power Reimagined: The Rise and Future of Shaping Recall Joint Force Quarterly is published by the National By Kyle J. Wolfley Defense University Press for the Chairman of the 90 Force Integration in Resistance Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman’s flagship joint military and security studies journal designed to Operations: Dutch Jedburghs inform members of the U.S. Armed Forces, allies, and JPME Today and U.S. Alamo Scouts other partners on joint and integrated operations; 29 Hydrocarbons and Hegemony national security policy and strategy; efforts to combat By Kevin D. Stringer terrorism; homeland security; and developments in By Anand Toprani training and joint professional military education to transform America’s military and security apparatus 37 Linking Foreign Language Book Reviews to meet tomorrow’s challenges better while protecting freedom today. All published articles have been vetted Capabilities with Expeditionary 96 Cult of the Irrelevant through a peer-review process and cleared by the Requirements Reviewed by Paula G. Thornhill Defense Office of Prepublication and Security Review. By Douglas J. Robb, Brian H. NDU Press is the National Defense University’s Neese, and Cara Aghajanian 97 Gods of War cross-component, professional military and academic publishing house. Reviewed by Jon Mikolashek The opinions, conclusions, and recommendations Commentary expressed or implied within are those of the 98 An Open World contributors and do not necessarily reflect the views 45 A Lesson from an Ancient: Reviewed by Christopher P. Mulder of the Department of Defense or any other agency of Facilitating Retreat and the Federal Government. Desertion Among Insurgencies 99 Net Assessment and Copyright Notice Military Strategy This is the official U.S. Department of Defense edition By Joseph N. Rudolphi of Joint Force Quarterly. Any copyrighted portions Reviewed by Frank Hoffman of this journal may not be reproduced or extracted without permission of the copyright proprietors. JFQ Features should be acknowledged whenever material is quoted from or based on its content. 51 Deconflicting Exercises and Submissions and Communications Experimentation Under JFQ welcomes submission of scholarly, independent Global Integration research from members of the Armed Forces, security policymakers and shapers, defense analysts, By Francis J.H. Park academic specialists, and civilians from the United States and abroad. Submit articles for consideration 58 Thrust and Agility from Trust to ScholarOne, available at https://mc04. and Antifragility: A Combatant’s manuscriptcentral.com/ndupress, or write to: Editor, Joint Force Quarterly Guide to Expeditionary NDU Press Medical Leadership 300 Fifth Avenue (Building 62, Suite 212) By James A. Chambers Fort Lesley J. McNair Washington, DC 20319 67 Avoiding Great Power Telephone: (202) 685-4220/DSN 325 Email: [email protected] Phony Wars JFQ online: ndupress.ndu.edu/jfq By Brent D. Sadler 3rd Quarter, July 2021 ISSN 1070-0692 79 Cyber Threats and Vulnerabilities to Conventional and Strategic Deterrence By Mark Montgomery and Erica Borghard Logistics Specialist (Submarine) 1st Class Anna Donelan, assigned to Gold crew of Ohio-class guided- missile submarine USS Ohio, scans for contacts while standing lookout watch on bridge, Pacific Ocean, January 22, 2021 (U.S. Navy/Kelsey J. Hockenberger) Executive Summary n many parts of joint warfighting, scan to find an objective view? I often those experiences. As the car commercial getting the right situational aware- turn to the sources that seem the most caveats used to say, your mileage may I ness (SA) is essential to success, credible, and that judgment is based on vary. I will say the events of the past few especially to those of us in a position my belief that I have a fairly well-devel- years have sharpened my critical thinking of military or civilian leadership. I oped set of critical thinking skills. But in ways that I find essential to my mental must admit to a lack of SA in recent still, I wonder, what am I missing? It health, especially with the way social years as I, like many, have been drawn seems that this questioning of my own media tends to “push our collective into an information cycle centered view of the world is healthy, based on buttons” emotionally. And that issue of around less-traditional media sources. my conversations with experts in this trying to keep my objective mind as sep- Because I live and work in the Nation’s field. Plus, the old-school habit of good arate as possible from my emotions I find capital area, I fully accept that I live in leadership—of “leading by walking increasingly challenging in today’s world, a “bubble,” where I may not have an around”—has been nearly impossible where seemingly the collective “truths we accurate picture of events. But in recent for many during the pandemic. hold self-evident” are under assault. years, with the rise of social media plat- As a retired officer who served in the What Department of Defense leaders forms—including active disinformation Cold War period, before and after Desert in recent months have made clear is campaigns, both foreign and domes- Storm, in the Kosovo air campaign, and their focus on getting the joint force’s tic—getting and keeping good SA is in Afghanistan mid-war circa 2008, my attention on a range of issues that causes increasingly difficult. Where does one view of things is certainly shaped by concern about whether those in service 2 Forum / Executive Summary JFQ 102, 3rd Quarter 2021 to our nation are fully committed to sup- to communications vulnerabilities, Borghard’s article relating cyber issues to porting and defending the Constitution. Matthew Prescott has a number of solid strategic deterrence very timely. As events on January 6, 2021, seem suggestions on improvements to the joint Rounding out this issue in Recall, to show, some Americans have a very force’s battle rhythm that drives deci- another JFQ alumnus, Kevin Stringer, different interpretation of how our sionmaking and force operations. Seeing takes us back to World War II to relate government should work than what was opportunities to update how the joint Dutch and U.S. military support to local considered the “norm” in the past. And force influences potential conflict devel- resistance movements to see what we those serving in the military need to have opment, Kyle Wolfley believes shaping might find useful today and beyond. Plus, a clear understanding of their relationship operations as critical to success. you will find four engaging book reviews to the Constitution, the chain of com- JPME Today first offers you an and the Joint Doctrine Update to further mand, and the people they serve both in article by Anand Toprani, a longtime engage your thinking about the chal- and outside of the military.
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