Nanotheranostics 2021, Vol. 5 288 Ivyspring International Publisher Nanotheranostics 2021; 5(3): 288-308. doi: 10.7150/ntno.49619 Re view Review of nanotheranostics for molecular mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders and commensurate nanotherapeutics for neuropsychiatry: The mind knockout Rajiv Kumar1, Bhupender S Chhikara2, Kiran Gulia3, and Mitrabasu Chhillar4 1. NIET, National Institute of Medical Science, India. 2. Department of Chemistry, Aditi Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi. Delhi, 110039, India. 3. Materials and Manufacturing, School of Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, England, TF2 9NN, UK. 4. Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg Delhi 110054, India. Corresponding authors: Dr. Rajiv Kumar, NIET, National Institute of Medical Science, India. E-mail:
[email protected]; Dr. B.S. Chhikara, Aditi Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, India. E-mail:
[email protected]. © The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions. Received: 2020.12.16; Accepted: 2020.12.22; Published: 2021.03.01 Abstract Bio-neuronal led psychiatric abnormalities transpired by the loss of neuronal structure and function (neurodegeneration), pro-inflammatory cytokines, microglial dysfunction, altered neurotransmission, toxicants, serotonin deficiency, kynurenine pathway, and excessively produced neurotoxic substances. These uncontrolled happenings in the etiology of psychiatric disorders initiate further changes in neurotransmitter metabolism, pathologic microglial, cell activation, and impaired neuroplasticity. Inflammatory cytokines, the outcome of dysfunctional mitochondria, dysregulation of the immune system, and under stress functions of the brain are leading biochemical factors for depression and anxiety.