ZOOTAXA 120: 1-12 (2002) ISSN 1175-5326 (Print Edition) ZOOTAXA 120 Copyright © 2002 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (Online Edition)

Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on Agrilus ater (Linné), A. biguttatus (Fabricius) and A. subauratus Gebler (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilinae)

EDUARD JENDEK Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-842 06 Bratislava, Slovakia E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

A nomenclatural analysis of names cited in synonymy of Agrilus ater (Linné, 1767), A. biguttatus (Fabricius, 1777) and A. subauratus Gebler, 1833 is presented. The availability and status of each name is examined, discussed and an updated list of subspecies and synonyms, both available and unavailable, is given. Agrilus ater jureceki Obenberger, 1924 is considered a junior subjective synonym of A. ater.

Key words: Taxonomy, nomenclature, synonymy, Coleoptera, Buprestidae, Agrilinae, Agrilus, Pa- laearctic Region

Introduction

This contribution represents further contributions to the nomenclatural – taxonomic series of papers (Jendek 2002a, 2002b, 2002c, 2000d) on Palaearctic species of the genus Agrilus Curtis, 1825 undertaken with the aim to clean up the synonymy from unavailable names. All names, whether available or unavailable, which have been discovered in the literature are examined herein.

Material and methods

Abbreviations used: square brackets “[ ]” are used for my remarks and addenda; the back- slash “\” is used to separate data from different labels; [p], preceding data printed; [h], preceding data hand-written. Abbreviations for museums are: HMUG = Hunterian Museum, Glasgow University, Scotland; NMPC = Národní muzeum v Praze, Prague, Czech Repub-

Accepted: 2 December 2002; published: 16 December 2002 1 ZOOTAXA lic; and ZMUK = Zoologisches Museum und Museum für Völkerkunde, Christian-Albre- 120 chts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany. Issues of nomenclature were resolved by consulting the Fourth Edition of the Interna- tional Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999). Articles of the Code discussed herein are simply cited as, for example, “Article 74.5”. The names in each group are listed chronologically, then alphabetically, with the analyzed names divided into three groups: The names originally proposed for a species and subspecies or replacement names include the name, the author, date, and page number for the original description, followed by (in parentheses) the verbatim transcription from the original publication, when needed with my supplemental comments in “[ ]”. The names originally proposed for an infrasubspecific entity are cited with the same attributes as the foregoing category. The availability of each name is treated and the corresponding Article of the Code is cited. The unavailable names originally proposed for infrasubspecific entities are included in synonymy only in order to eliminate confusion or questions about their status. Nonetheless, they have no nomenclatural status. The names that were never proposed as new (unpublished names, misidentification, incorrect subsequent spelling, etc.) are, nevertheless, considered names, although they were never proposed as a new name of a taxon or a new replacement name proposed to replace a junior homonym. Nevertheless, they have been cited in references as though they were synonyms. This practice is misleading and confusing. These names are cited herein only to resolve their status. Each name is listed in the form (name, author) in which it was firstly introduced, followed by (in parentheses) the verbatim transcription from the original publication. Type localities are cited only for available names and they are quoted in form of the original citation. My supplementary comments and updates are consistently given in “[ ]”. Localities have been updated according to the GEOnet Names Server of the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA).

Agrilus ater (Linné, 1767)

ater Linné, 1767: 663. (B[uprestis]. atra) Type locality: “Habitat in Germania”.

available synonyms - sexguttatus Brahm, 1791 - subeuropeellus Thomson, 1878 - jureceki Obenberger, 1924 syn. nov. - eutenes Obenberger, 1924

2 © 2002 Magnolia Press JENDEK Available names proposed for species and subspecies or replacement names ZOOTAXA 120 sexguttatus Brahm, 1791: LXXII, 141. ([Buprestis] Sex-guttata, Buprestis 6. guttata) A junior primary homonym of Buprestis sexguttata Thunberg, 1789 (now in Agrilus) and a junior subjective synonym of A. ater (according Saunders 1870: 4, 29). Type locality not given, but presumably Germany, because Brahm’s book deals with insect pests in Germany. subeuropeellus Thomson, 1878: 88. (Agrilus subeuropeellus Thomson) A species described from Brazil. Obenberger (1960: 148) after the type examination synonymized this species as a junior subjective synonym of A. ater with a mistaken type locality “Le type de M. J. Thomson n'est rien d'autre que le bien connu Agrilus ater L. (= A. sexguttatus auct.) de l'Europe centrale et méridionale. Vraisamblablement il s'agit d'un simple changement de l'ettiquette de localité”. Type locality: “Brasilia” [erroneous statement of type locality]. jureceki Obenberger, 1924: 39-40. (Agrilus ater ssp. Juregeki m. n. ssp.) syn. nov. This name was originally proposed as a subspecies. Théry (1942a: 136, 137) considered it mere aberration of A. ater. The single type specimen without genitalia from the collection of Obenberger (NMPC) was examined. The lectotype (by present designation) bears following labels: “Simbirsk - Gub. Rossia oc. Dr. Juregek 1917 [p] \ Mus. Nat. Pra- gue [p] 24248 [h] Inv. [p] [orange label] \ Agrilus ater ssp. Juregeki m. Type [h] Det. Dr. Obenberger [p]”. Number of syntypes unknown. The examined specimen is conspecific with A. ater. Type locality: “Simbirsk. [= Ul'yanovskaya Oblast', 54°20'N, 48°24'E] Gub. - Rossia occ.”. Obenberger (1936: 954) cited it erroneously from Eastern Russia. eutenes Obenberger, 1924: 40. (Agrilus ater ssp. eutenes m. n. ssp.) This name was originally proposed as a subspecies. Théry (1942a: 136) considered it mere aberration of A. ater. Curletti (1987: 151) synonymized it as the junior subjective synonym of A. ater. Type locality: “Italia borealis [N Italy]”.

Unpublished names and misidentification biguttatus Rossi (B[uprestis] biguttata [F.]) Rossi (1790: 191) misidentified A. sexguttatus under the name biguttatus according to Schönherr (1817: 243), who attributed biguttatus to Rossi and cited it in the synonymy of A. sexguttatus. Rossi did not describe the species as new; he attributed it to Fabricius. Misidentification.

AGRILUS NOMENCLATURE © 2002 Magnolia Press 3 ZOOTAXA sexguttatus Herbst (Buprestis 6 guttata) 120 Despite the fact that Herbst (1801: 265-266) cited “Buprestis 6 guttata” without explicit attribution of authorship, his remark “Brahm fand it auf der Schwarzpappel” indi- cates that Herbst did not proposed this species as new; he diagnosed sexguttatus of Brahm (see above). The first time it was cited by Schönherr (1817: 243). Unpublished name.

Agrilus biguttatus (Fabricius, 1777)

biguttatus Fabricius, 1777: 237. (Buprestis biguttata)

The redescription of the female “metatype” (lectotype?) from the HMUG was published by Staig (1940: 78-84). Furthermore, there are five type specimens (syntypes?, paralecto- types?) of this taxon preserved in ZMUK (Zimsen 1964: 156). Nomenclatural problems pertaining to priority and validity of this name were treated by Silfverberg (1977: 92). Type locality: “Habitat in Anglia”.

available synonyms - pannonicus Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783 - subfasciatus Ménétriés, 1832 - morosus Gory & Laporte, 1837

unavailable synonyms - aenescens Schilsky, 1888 - coerulescens Schilsky, 1888 - hiemalis Obenberger, 1917 - cepelaki Roubal, 1927 - violascens Théry, 1928 - kabylianus Méquignon, 1928 - bicolor Fleischer, 1930 - eumelas Obenberger, 1934

Available names proposed for species and subspecies or replacement names

pannonicus Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783: 37-38. (Buprestis pannonica. Mordella. Scop.) The first synonymy of this name as the junior subjective synonym of A. biguttatus was by Schönherr (1817: 243). Type locality not given but pressumably “Sclavoniae provinciam [Slavonia?, a historic region in N Croatia] as indicated in the title.

subfasciatus Ménétriés, 1832: 153-154. (Buprestis subfasciata, mihi) This name was originally proposed as a species. Abeille (1897: 9) considered it a variety of A. biguttatus. Bílý (1982: 72) listed it in synonymy of A. biguttatus.

4 © 2002 Magnolia Press JENDEK Type locality: “Lenkoran” [= Lankaran, 38°45'22"N, 48°50'52"E], Azerbaijan]. ZOOTAXA 120 morosus Gory & Laporte, 1837: 35-36. (Agrilus morosus) A species described from Brazil. Obenberger (1960: 152), after examination of the type, synonymized this species as a junior subjective synonym of A. biguttatus with a mistaken type locality “Il s'agit ici encore une fois, d'une erreur banale de localité. Le type de cette espèce n'est rien d'autre que le très commun Agrilus biguttatus”. Type locality: “Brésil” [erroneous statement of type locality].

Names originally proposed for an infrasubspecific entities aenescens Schilsky, 1888: 187. (Agrilus pannonicus v. aenescens m.) The name aenescens was proposed as a variety of A. pannonicus. The content of the work unambiguously revealed that the name was proposed as an infrasubspecific entity, since the taxon was very briefly diagnosed only by differences in color: “Flgd. metallish grün”. This name was never adopted as a valid name of a species or a subspecies. Follow- ing Article 45.6.4, such a name should be deemed infrasubspecific and unavailable from the original publication. coerulescens Schilsky, 1888: 187. (Agrilus pannonicus v. coerulescens m.) The name coerulescens was proposed for a variety of A. pannonicus. The content of the work unambiguously revealed that the name was proposed as an infrasubspecific entity, since the taxon was very briefly diagnosed only by differences in color: “Flgd. mehr oder weniger blau”. This name was never adopted as a valid name of a species or a subspecies. Following Article 45.6.4, such a name should be deemed infrasubspecific and unavailable from the original publication. hiemalis Obenberger, 1917: 213. ([Agrilus biguttatus] ... hiemalis m.) Proposed as a replacement name for the unavailable name coerulescens Schilsky, 1888 (see above) and thus is an unavailable name. cepelaki Roubal, 1927: 56. (Agrilus biguttatus a. fepeláki n.) Proposed as an aberration of A. biguttatus and thus is an unavailable name (Article 45.6.2). violascens Théry, 1928: 422, 429. (Agrilus biguttatus v. violascens nov.) The name violascens was proposed for a variety of A. biguttatus. The content of the work unambiguously revealed that the name was proposed as an infrasubspecific entity, since the taxon was very briefly diagnosed only by differences in color: “D'un violet mag- nifique en dessus, dessous bleu”. This name was never adopted as a valid name of a species or a subspecies and even Théry (1942a: 137) listed it as a synonym of A. biguttatus a.

AGRILUS NOMENCLATURE © 2002 Magnolia Press 5 ZOOTAXA coeruleoviolaceus Thomson (see below). Following Article 45.6.4, such a name should be 120 deemed infrasubspecific and unavailable from the original publication.

kabylianus Méquignon, 1928: 131. (Agrilus biguttatus var. kabylianus nova) The name kabylianus was proposed as a variety of A. biguttatus. The content of the work unambiguously revealed that name was proposed as an infrasubspecific entity, since the taxon was very briefly diagnosed only by differences in color: “A typo differt colore supra atro-violaceo, subtus atro-caeruleo”. This name was never adopted as a valid name of a species or a subspecies. Following Article 45.6.4, such a name should be deemed infrasubspecific and unavailable from the original publication.

bicolor Fleischer, 1930: 207. ([Agrilus biguttatus] a. bicolor Fleisch.) Proposed as an aberration of A. biguttatus and thus is an unavailable name (Article 45.6.2).

eumelas Obenberger, 1934: 123. (Agrilus biguttatus var. eumelas n.) The name eumelas was proposed as a variety of A. biguttatus. The content of the work unambiguously revealed that name was proposed as an infrasubspecific entity, since the taxon was very briefly diagnosed only by differences in color: “A typo colore totius super- ficies nigerrima differens”. This name was never adopted as a valid name of a species or a subspecies. Following Article 45.6.4, such a name should be deemed infrasubspecific and unavailable from the original publication.

Unpublished names and misidentification

octoguttatus Fourcroy (C[ucujus]. 8-guttatus) In a list of insects of Paris environs, Fourcroy (1785: 32-34) cited buprestids under the generic name Cucujus without any mention about their authorship. Most of these citations certainly pertain to previously described taxa, e. g. : “chrysostigma” = Chrysobothris chrysostigma (Linné, 1758); “rusticus” = Buprestis rustica (Linné, 1758); “viridis” = Agrilus viridis (Linné, 1758); “minutus” = Trachys minuta (Linné, 1758); “ater” = Agrilus ater (Linné, 1767). Following this assumption, the name “octoguttatus” is mere citation of Buprestis octoguttata (Linné, 1758) and not proposal of new taxon. The name “octoguttatus Fourcroy” was introduced to synonymy of A. biguttatus by Obenberger (1936: 966). Misidentification.

coeruleoviolaceus Thomson ([Agrilus biguttatus] Var. Coeruleo-violaceus) Thomson (1864: 39) did not propose new infrasubspecific name, he merely mentioned the color of the chromatic variation. As a name of aberration of A. biguttatus introduced by Obenberger (1936: 967). Unpublished name.

Although the name subaurata was combined with Buprestis as well as Agrilus by Gebler, this inscription can be considered as originally proposed in the genus Agrilus. The lectotype designation by Jendek (1998: 330). Type locality: “Prope Loktewsk et Smeïnogorsk [site unlocated]”. available synonyms - coryli Ratzeburg, 1837 - auripennis Gory & Laporte, 1837 unavailable synonyms - zoufali Obenberger, 1914 - gallicus Obenberger, 1917 - theresae Pic, 1918 - saxonicus Obenberger, 1920 - cyanescens Hellén, 1921 - fridolini Barovskij, 1925 - rubripennis Schaefer, 1946 subspecies - ssp. amurensis Obenberger, 1922 available synonyms - demuthi Théry, 1942

unavailable synonyms - linearioides Obenberger, 1922 - euchryseus Obenberger, 1924 - lineimargo Obenberger, 1924 - burjaticus Obenberger, 1924

Available names proposed for species and subspecies or replacement names coryli Ratzeburg, 1837: 53. (B[uprestis]. Coryli) The first synonymy of this name as the junior subjective synonym of A. subauratus was by Kiesenwetter (1857: 131). Type locality: not given, but presumably Germany as indicated from the title: “Wäl- dern Preufsens”. auripennis Gory & Laporte, 1837: 46-47. (Agrilus Auripennis. Solier (Colection)) The first synonymy of this name as the junior subjective synonym of A. subauratus was by Kiesenwetter (1857: 131). The lectotype designation by Jendek (1998: 318).

AGRILUS NOMENCLATURE © 2002 Magnolia Press 7 ZOOTAXA Type locality: “France (Jura) [second-order administrative division, Franche-Comté]”. 120 amurensis Obenberger, 1922: 21-22. (Agrilus amurensis m. n. sp.) The name amurensis was originally proposed for species. Alexeev & Volkovitsh (1989: 318, 347) firstly cited it as a subspecies of A. subauratus. The lectotype designation by Jendek (1995: 146). Type locality: “Siberia orientalis: Amur superior [Amurskaya Oblast’, Russia]”.

demuthi Théry, 1942b: 258-260. (Agrilus Demuthi n. sp.) The first synonymy of this name as the junior subjective synonym of A. subauratus amurensis was by Jendek (1995: 146). Type locality: “Kiachta [= Kyakhta, 50°20'N, 106°30'E, Buryatiya, Russia] Sibérie”.

Names originally proposed for an infrasubspecific entities

zoufali Obenberger, 1914: 28. (Agrilus subauratus var. Zoufali m. n. var.) The name zoufali was proposed as a variety of A. subauratus. The content of the work unambiguously revealed that the name was proposed as an infrasubspecific entity, since the taxon was very briefly diagnosed only by differences in color: “Von der Stammform ... durch die Färbung verschieden: Die ganze Oberseite ist schön smaragdgrün”. This name was never adopted as a valid name of a species or a subspecies. Following Article 45.6.4, such a name should be deemed infrasubspecific and unavailable from the original publication.

gallicus Obenberger, 1917: 213. (Agrilus subauratus ab. gallicus m. n. ab.) Proposed as an aberration of A. subauratus and thus is an unavailable name (Article 45.6.2).

theresae Pic, 1918: 3. (Agrilus subauratus v. nov. Theresae) The name theresae was proposed as a variety of A. subauratus. The content of the work unambiguously revealed that the name was proposed as an infrasubspecific entity, since the taxon was very briefly diagnosed only by differences in color: “Coerulentis, ely- tris viridescentibus”. This name was never adopted as a valid name of a species or a subspecies. Following Article 45.6.4, such a name should be deemed infrasubspecific and unavailable from the original publication.

saxonicus Obenberger, 1920: 214. (Agrilus subauratus a. saxonicus, n. ab.) Proposed as an aberration of A. subauratus and thus is an unavailable name (Article 45.6.2).

8 © 2002 Magnolia Press JENDEK cyanescens Hellén, 1921: 45. (Agrilus subauratus ab. cyanescens m.) ZOOTAXA Proposed as an aberration of A. subauratus and thus is an unavailable name (Article 120 45.6.2). linearioides Obenberger, 1922: 22. (Agrilus amurensis a. linearioides m. n. ab.) Proposed as an aberration of A. amurensis and thus is an unavailable name (Article 45.6.2). euchryseus Obenberger, 1924: 47-48. (Agrilus amurensis var. euchryseus m. n. var.) The name euchryseus was proposed as a variety of A. amurensis. The content of the work unambiguously revealed that the name was proposed as an infrasubspecific entity, since the taxon was very briefly diagnosed only by differences in color: “Corpore supra toto laete aureoaeneo vel aureo”. This name was never adopted as a valid name of a species or a subspecies. Following Article 45.6.4, such a name should be deemed infrasubspecific and unavailable from the original publication. lineimargo Obenberger, 1924: 47. (Agrilus amurensis var. lineimargo m. n. var.) The name lineimargo was proposed for a variety of A. amurensis. The content of the work unambiguously revealed that the name was proposed as an infrasubspecific entity, since the taxon was very briefly diagnosed only by differences in color: “Corpore supra aeneo- vel cyaneoviridi, thoracis ac elytrorum lateribus tenuifer cupreo- vel purpureomar- ginatis”. This name was never adopted as a valid name of a species or a subspecies. Fol- lowing Article 45.6.4, such a name should be deemed infrasubspecific and unavailable from the original publication. burjaticus Obenberger, 1924: 47. (Agrilus amurensis var. burjaticus m. n. var.) The name burjaticus was proposed for a variety of A. amurensis. The content of the work unambiguously revealed that the name was proposed as an infrasubspecific entity, since the taxon was very briefly diagnosed only by differences in color: “Corpore supra uniformiter nigrocoerulescente, subtus cupreoviolaceo”. This name was never adopted as a valid name of a species or a subspecies. Following Article 45.6.4, such a name should be deemed infrasubspecific and unavailable from the original publication. fridolini Barovskij, 1925: 65. (Agrilus subauratus ab. fridolini nova) Proposed as an aberration of A. subauratus and thus is an unavailable name (Article 45.6.2). rubripennis Schaefer, 1946: 73. (Agr[ilus]. subauratus ab. rubripennis nov.) Proposed as an aberration of A. subauratus and thus is an unavailable name (Article 45.6.2).

AGRILUS NOMENCLATURE © 2002 Magnolia Press 9 ZOOTAXA Acknowledgements 120 My sincere thanks are due to C. L. Bellamy (Sacramento, California, USA) for linguistic revision of the manuscript. This work was partially supported by Grant No. 2/7176/20 from the Slovak Grant Agency for Science.

References

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