Provocation 06: January 2008 The Difference Dividend Why immigration is vital to innovation By Charles Leadbeater Acknowledgements I would like to thank everyone at NESTA who helped me develop the arguments in this Provocation, especially Richard Halkett, Sami Mahroum, Richard Braham, Nick Bojas, Brune Poirson and Andrea Mattinson. I also learned a great deal and drew from the work of Phillipe Legrain, Robert Winder, Scott Page, Peter Hall and AnnaLee Saxenian. Errors and omissions are all my own. Contents How to miss a Black Hole 4 The Ins and Outs 7 The Innovation Benefi ts of Immigration 10 A long-term bet 15 Investing in connections 16 Making the most of our differences 18 Endnotes 21 NESTA is the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts. Our aim is to transform the UK’s capacity for innovation. We invest in early-stage companies, inform innovation policy and encourage a culture that helps innovation to fl ourish. NESTA’s Provocations are regular extended essays by leading thinkers that showcase thought-provoking work on innovation. The views are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of NESTA. If you would like to comment on this Provocation please e-mail
[email protected] How to miss a Black Hole On the late afternoon of Friday though he presented little evidence to January 11th 1935, a brilliant, suggest Chandra was wrong. diminutive, 26 year old Indian physicist unveiled to the British scientifi c elite a The event cast a long shadow over radical theory that would revolutionise Chandra’s career.