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Thatcher, Northern Ireland and Anglo-Irish Relations, 1979-1990
From ‘as British as Finchley’ to ‘no selfish strategic interest’: Thatcher, Northern Ireland and Anglo-Irish Relations, 1979-1990 Fiona Diane McKelvey, BA (Hons), MRes Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences of Ulster University A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Ulster University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2018 I confirm that the word count of this thesis is less than 100,000 words excluding the title page, contents, acknowledgements, summary or abstract, abbreviations, footnotes, diagrams, maps, illustrations, tables, appendices, and references or bibliography Contents Acknowledgements i Abstract ii Abbreviations iii List of Tables v Introduction An Unrequited Love Affair? Unionism and Conservatism, 1885-1979 1 Research Questions, Contribution to Knowledge, Research Methods, Methodology and Structure of Thesis 1 Playing the Orange Card: Westminster and the Home Rule Crises, 1885-1921 10 The Realm of ‘old unhappy far-off things and battles long ago’: Ulster Unionists at Westminster after 1921 18 ‘For God's sake bring me a large Scotch. What a bloody awful country’: 1950-1974 22 Thatcher on the Road to Number Ten, 1975-1979 26 Conclusion 28 Chapter 1 Jack Lynch, Charles J. Haughey and Margaret Thatcher, 1979-1981 31 'Rise and Follow Charlie': Haughey's Journey from the Backbenches to the Taoiseach's Office 34 The Atkins Talks 40 Haughey’s Search for the ‘glittering prize’ 45 The Haughey-Thatcher Meetings 49 Conclusion 65 Chapter 2 Crisis in Ireland: The Hunger Strikes, 1980-1981 -
147 Chapter 5 South Africa's Experience with Inflation: A
147 CHAPTER 5 SOUTH AFRICA’S EXPERIENCE WITH INFLATION: A CENTRAL BANK PERSPECTIVE 5.1 Introduction Although a country’s experience with inflation can be reviewed from different perspectives (e.g. the government, the statistical agency responsible for recording inflation, producers, consumers or savers), this chapter reviews South Africa’s experience with inflation from the perspective of the SA Reserve Bank. The SA Reserve Bank was chosen because this study focuses on inflation from a monetary perspective. Reliable inflation data for South Africa are published as far back as 192153, co-inciding with the establishment of the SA Reserve Bank, although rudimentary data on price levels are available as far back as 1895. South Africa’s problems with accelerating inflation since the 1970s are well documented (see for instance De Kock, 1981; De Kock, 1984; Republiek van Suid-Afrika, 1985; Rupert, 1974a; Rupert, 1974b; or Stals, 1989), but various parts (or regions) of what constitutes today the Republic of South Africa have experienced problems with inflation, rising prices or currency depreciation well before 1921. The first example of early inflation in South Africa was caused by currency depreciation. At the time of the second British annexation of the Cape in 1806, the Dutch riksdaalder (“riksdollar”) served as the major local currency in circulation. During the tenure of Caledon, Governor of the Cape Colony from 1807 to 1811, and Cradock, Governor from 1811 to 1814, riksdollar notes in circulation were increased by nearly 50 per cent (Engelbrecht, 1987: 29). As could be expected under circumstances of increasing currency in circulation, the value of the riksdollar in comparison to the British pound sterling and in terms of its purchasing power declined from 4 shillings in 1806 to 1 shilling and 5½ pennies in 1825 (or 53 Tables A1 to C1 in Appendices A to C highlight South Africa’s experience with inflation, as measured by changes in the CPI since 1921. -
'The Left's Views on Israel: from the Establishment of the Jewish State To
‘The Left’s Views on Israel: From the establishment of the Jewish state to the intifada’ Thesis submitted by June Edmunds for PhD examination at the London School of Economics and Political Science 1 UMI Number: U615796 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615796 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 F 7377 POLITI 58^S8i ABSTRACT The British left has confronted a dilemma in forming its attitude towards Israel in the postwar period. The establishment of the Jewish state seemed to force people on the left to choose between competing nationalisms - Israeli, Arab and later, Palestinian. Over time, a number of key developments sharpened the dilemma. My central focus is the evolution of thinking about Israel and the Middle East in the British Labour Party. I examine four critical periods: the creation of Israel in 1948; the Suez war in 1956; the Arab-Israeli war of 1967 and the 1980s, covering mainly the Israeli invasion of Lebanon but also the intifada. In each case, entrenched attitudes were called into question and longer-term shifts were triggered in the aftermath. -
USA Metric System History Pat Naughtin 2009 Without the Influence of Great Leaders from the USA There Would Be No Metric System
USA metric system history Pat Naughtin 2009 Without the influence of great leaders from the USA there would be no metric system. Since many in the USA do not believe this statement, let me repeat it in a different way. It is my belief that without the influence of Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and George Washington, the metric system would not have developed in France in the 1780s and 1790s. The contribution made by these three great world leaders arose firstly from their cooperation in developing and implementing the idea of a decimal currency for the USA. The idea was that all money could be subdivided by decimal fractions so that money calculations would then be little more difficult than any normal whole number calculation. In 1782, Thomas Jefferson argued for a decimal currency system with 100 cents in a dollar. Less well known, he also argued for 1000 mils in a dollar. Jefferson reasoned that dividing America's First Silver Dollar decimally was the simplest way of doing this, and that a decimal system based on America's First Silver Dollar should be adopted as standard for the USA. The idea of using decimal fractions with decimal numbers was not new – even in the 1780s. Thomas Jefferson had studied 'Disme: the art of tenths' by Simon Stevin in which the use of decimals for all activities was actively promoted. Stevin proposed decimal fractions and their decimal arithmetic for: ... stargazers, surveyors, carpet-makers, wine-gaugers, mint-masters and all kind of merchants. Clearly Simon Stevin had in mind the use of decimal methods for all human activities and it is likely that this thought inspired Thomas Jefferson to propose not only a decimal currency for the USA but also a whole decimal method for weights and measures. -
130 NAPIER I (Naper, Napper) [Alington, Scott, Sturt] SCOTLAND
130 List of Parliamentary Families NAPIER I (Naper, Napper) [Alington, Scott, Sturt] SCOTLAND & ENGLAND Baron Napier and Ettrick (1627- S and 1872- UK) Origins: The founder of the family made a fortune in the wool trade. Provost of Edinburgh 1403. His son, a merchant adventurer and courtier, was Kted 1452. Began purchasing estates in the 1530s. One family member fought at Flodden and another at Pinkie. Master of the Mint 1576. First [MP 1471 for Edinburgh]. Another [MP 1463, also for Edinburgh]. 1. Alexander Napier – [Stirlingshire 1690-1700] 2. Francis Napier – [Stirling Burgh 1698-1702] 3. Sir Charles Napier – Marylebone 1841-47 Southwark 1855-60 4. Sir Joseph Napier 1 Bt – Dublin University 1848-58 5. Mark Napier – Roxburghshire 1892-95 Seats: Thirlestane Castle (House, Tower), Selkirkshire (built late 16th c., rebuilt 1816- 20, remod. 1872, demolished 1965); Merchistoun (Merchiston) (Hall), Edinburghshire (purch. and built 1436, add. 16th c., remod. 18th c., sold 1914, later a school) Estates: Bateman 6991 (S) 2316 Titles: Baronet 1627-83; 1637- ; 1867- Peers: [2 peers 1660-86] 2 Scottish Rep peers 1796-1806 1807-23 1824-32 3 peers 1872- 1945 1 Ld Lt 18th-19 th 1 KT 19th Notes: John Napier of Merchistoun invented logarithms. 1, 2, 8, 9, and 10 Barons and seventeen others in ODNB. Scott Origins: Sir William Scott 2 Bt of Thirlestane married the daughter of the 5 Baron Napier. Their son took the name Napier and inherited the Barony and Thirlestane. The Scotts were cadets of the Scotts of Harden (see Home). Granted arms 1542 and acquired estates in the first half of the 16th century. -
Leadership and Change: Prime Ministers in the Post-War World - Alec Douglas-Home Transcript
Leadership and Change: Prime Ministers in the Post-War World - Alec Douglas-Home Transcript Date: Thursday, 24 May 2007 - 12:00AM PRIME MINISTERS IN THE POST-WAR WORLD: ALEC DOUGLAS-HOME D.R. Thorpe After Andrew Bonar Law's funeral in Westminster Abbey in November 1923, Herbert Asquith observed, 'It is fitting that we should have buried the Unknown Prime Minister by the side of the Unknown Soldier'. Asquith owed Bonar Law no posthumous favours, and intended no ironic compliment, but the remark was a serious under-estimate. In post-war politics Alec Douglas-Home is often seen as the Bonar Law of his times, bracketed with his fellow Scot as an interim figure in the history of Downing Street between longer serving Premiers; in Bonar Law's case, Lloyd George and Stanley Baldwin, in Home's, Harold Macmillan and Harold Wilson. Both Law and Home were certainly 'unexpected' Prime Ministers, but both were also 'under-estimated' and they made lasting beneficial changes to the political system, both on a national and a party level. The unexpectedness of their accessions to the top of the greasy pole, and the brevity of their Premierships (they were the two shortest of the 20th century, Bonar Law's one day short of seven months, Alec Douglas-Home's two days short of a year), are not an accurate indication of their respective significance, even if the precise details of their careers were not always accurately recalled, even by their admirers. The Westminster village is often another world to the general public. Stanley Baldwin was once accosted on a train from Chequers to London, at the height of his fame, by a former school friend. -
One Nation Again
ONE NATION AGAIN ANDREW TYRIE MP THE AUTHOR Andrew Tyrie has been Conservative Member of Parliament for Chichester since May 1997 and was Shadow Paymaster General from 2003 to 2005. He is the author of numerous publications on issues of public policy including Axis of Instability: America, Britain and The New World Order after Iraq (The Foreign Policy Centre and the Bow Group, 2003). The One Nation Group of MPs was founded in 1950. The views expressed in this pamphlet are those of the author and not necessarily of the whole group. One Nation Group, December 2006 Printed by 4 Print, 138 Molesey Avenue, Surrey CONTENTS Acknowledgements 1 One Nation Conservatism 1 2 The History of the Concept 7 3 One Nation Conservatism renewed 15 4 Conclusion 27 Bibliography One Nation members ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the members of the One Nation Group of Conservative MPs whose entertaining and stimulating conversation at our weekly gatherings have brightened many a Westminster evening, particularly during the long years in which the Party appeared to have succumbed to fractious squabbling and representing minority interests. I would also like to thank The Hon Nicholas Soames MP, David Willetts MP and the Rt Hon Sir George Young MP for their comments on an earlier draft; Roger Gough who put together the lion’s share of historical research for this paper; the helpful team in the House of Commons Library; and my ever patient secretaries, Miranda Dewdney-Herbert and Ann Marsh. Andrew Tyrie December 2006 CHAPTER ONE ONE NATION CONSERVATISM The Tory Party, unless it is a national party, is nothing.1 The central tenet of One Nation Conservatism is that the Party must be a national party rather than merely the representative of sectional interests. -
Ventunesimo Secolo
Anno XIII - ottobre 2014 35 Rivista di studi sulle transizioni Ventunesimo Secolo Direzione Gaetano Quagliariello Comitato scientifco Elena Aga-Rossi, Roberto Balzani, Giampietro Berti, Eugenio Capozzi, Antonio Carioti, Marina Cattaruzza, Roberto Chiarini, Simona Colarizi, Piero Craveri, Stefano De Luca, Gianni Donno, Marco Gervasoni, Fabio Grassi Orsini, Lev Gudkov, Juan Carlos Martinez Oliva, Mauro Moretti, Gerardo Nicolosi, Giovanni Orsina, Roberto Pertici, Antonio Varsori, Paolo Varvaro Caporedattori Vera Capperucci, Christine Vodovar Redazione Michele Afnito, Emanuele Bernardi, Lucia Bonfreschi, Maria Elena Cavallaro, Michele Donno, Gabriele D’Ottavio, Maria Teresa Giusti, Andrea Guiso, Marzia Maccaferri, Evelina Martelli, Tommaso Pifer, Carmine Pinto, Luca Polese Remaggi, Andrea Spiri Corrispondenti Juan Eugenio Corradi (America Latina); Marc Lazar, Nicolas Roussellier, Olivier Wieviorka (Francia); Kiran Klaus Patel (Germania); Carl Levy (Gran Bretagna); Abdòn Mateos (Spagna); Christian Ostermann (Stati Uniti); Vladislav Zubok (Russia) Rubbettino Direzione e redazione c/o Centro Transition Studies, Luiss Guido Carli viale Romania 32, 00197 Roma tel.: 06 86506799; fax: 06 86506503; e-mail: [email protected] Amministrazione Rubbettino Editore, viale Rosario Rubbettino 10, 88049 Soveria Mannelli tel.: 0968 6664208; fax 0968 662055; e-mail: [email protected] Sommario Gaetano Quagliariello Editoriale 5 L’eredità di Margaret Tatcher Antonio Masala Introduzione: L’eredità di Margaret Tatcher 9 Richard Vinen Britain’s Tatcher. -
April 4-6 Contents
MEDIA GUIDE #TheWorldIsWatching APRIL 4-6 CONTENTS CHAIRMAN’S WELCOME 3 2018 WINNING OWNER 50 ORDER OF RUNNING 4 SUCCESSFUL OWNERS 53 RANDOX HEALTH GRAND NATIONAL FESTIVAL 5 OVERSEAS INTEREST 62 SPONSOR’S WELCOME 8 GRAND NATIONAL TIMELINE 64 WELFARE & SAFETY 10 RACE CONDITIONS 73 UNIQUE RACE & GLOBAL PHENOMENON 13 TRAINERS & JOCKEYS 75 RANDOX HEALTH GRAND NATIONAL ANNIVERSARIES 15 PAST RESULTS 77 ROLL OF HONOUR 16 COURSE MAP 96 WARTIME WINNERS 20 RACE REPORTS 2018-2015 21 2018 WINNING JOCKEY 29 AINTREE JOCKEY RECORDS 32 RACECOURSE RETIRED JOCKEYS 35 THIS IS AN INTERACTIVE PDF MEDIA GUIDE, CLICK ON THE LINKS TO GO TO THE RELEVANT WEB AND SOCIAL MEDIA PAGES, AND ON THE GREATEST GRAND NATIONAL TRAINERS 37 CHAPTER HEADINGS TO TAKE YOU INTO THE GUIDE. IRISH-TRAINED WINNERS 40 THEJOCKEYCLUB.CO.UK/AINTREE TRAINER FACTS 42 t @AINTREERACES f @AINTREE 2018 WINNING TRAINER 43 I @AINTREERACECOURSE TRAINER RECORDS 45 CREATED BY RACENEWS.CO.UK AND TWOBIRD.CO.UK 3 CONTENTS As April approaches, the team at Aintree quicken the build-up towards the three-day Randox Health Grand National Festival. Our first port of call ahead of the 2019 Randox welfare. We are proud to be at the forefront of Health Grand National was a media visit in the racing industry in all these areas. December, the week of the Becher Chase over 2019 will also be the third year of our the Grand National fences, to the yard of the broadcasting agreement with ITV. We have been fantastically successful Gordon Elliott to see delighted with their output and viewing figures, last year’s winner Tiger Roll being put through not only in the UK and Ireland, but throughout his paces. -
The Power of the Prime Minister
Research Paper Research The Power of the Prime Minister 50 Years On George Jones THE POWER OF THE PRIME MINISTER 50 YEARS ON George Jones Emeritus Professor of Government London School of Economics & Political Science for The Constitution Society Based on a lecture for the Institute of Contemporary British History, King’s College, London, 8 February 2016 First published in Great Britain in 2016 by The Constitution Society Top Floor, 61 Petty France London SW1H 9EU www.consoc.org.uk © The Constitution Society ISBN: 978-0-9954703-1-6 © George Jones 2016. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the publisher of this book. THE POWER OF THE PRIME MINISTER 3 Contents About the Author 4 Foreword 5 Introduction 9 Contingencies and Resource Dependency 11 The Formal Remit and Amorphous Convention 13 Key Stages in the Historical Development of the Premiership 15 Biographies of Prime Ministers are Not Enough 16 Harold Wilson 17 Tony Blair – almost a PM’s Department 19 David Cameron – with a department in all but name 21 Hung Parliament and Coalition Government 22 Fixed-term Parliaments Act, 2011 25 Party Dynamics 26 Wilson and Cameron Compared 29 Enhancing the Prime Minister 37 Between Wilson and Cameron 38 Conclusions 39 4 THE POWER OF THE PRIME MINISTER About the Author George Jones has from 2003 been Emeritus Professor of Government at LSE where he was Professor of Government between 1976 and 2003. -
Emma Harriet Nicholson, Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne Is A
Emma Harriet Nicholson, Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne is a British politician, who has been a life peer since 1997 in the House of Lords, The Parliament of The United Kingdom. She was elected as the Conservative Member of Parliament for Torridge and West Devon in 1987, before switching to the Liberal Democrats in 1995. She was also Liberal Democrat Member of the European Parliament for South East England from 1999 to 2009. In 2016, she announced she was re-joining the Conservative Party "with tremendous pleasure". Baroness Nicholson is The Prime Minister’s Trade Envoy for the nations of Iraq, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. Early life • Born in Oxford and a descendant of the family which founded London gin distillers J&W Nicholson & Co, Lady Nicholson is the third of four daughters of Sir Godfrey Nicholson, Bt and his wife, Lady Katharine (the fifth daughter of the 27th Earl of Crawford). • Her uncle was Lord Chancellor in the 1960s, and his daughter, her cousin Eliza Manningham- Buller, became Director General of MI5. • She was diagnosed with major sensoneural disorder at the age of 16. She was educated at St Mary's School, Wantage and the Royal Academy of Music. Career • Prior to her political career, she worked as a computer software developer, systems analyst, computer and management consultant. She led large teams both in the UK and Africa, developing Government contracts in the MoD, DfE and the Home Office (1962-1974) and in the governments of Zambia and Zimbabwe. • She also worked as a director of the Save the Children Foundation from 1974 to 1985. -
Annual Report of the Director of the Mint
- S. Luriºus vsº ANNUAL REPORT Of the Director of the N/int for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1970. ANNUAL REPORT of the Director of the Mint for the fiscal year ended June 30 1970 DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DOCUMENT NO. 3253 Director of the Mint U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1971 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1 (paper cover) Stock Number 4805–0009 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY, BUREAU OF THE MINT, Washington, D.C., April 29, 1971. SIR: I have the honor to submit the Ninety-eighth Annual Report of the Director of the Mint, since the Mint became a Bureau within the Department of the Treasury in 1873. Annual reports of Mint activities have been made to the Secretary of the Treasury since 1835, pursuant to the act of March 3, 1835 (4 Stat. 774). Annual reports of the Mint have been made since it was established in 1792. This report is submitted in compliance with Section 345 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, 2d Edition (1878), 31 U.S.C. 253. It includes a review of the operations of the mints, assay offices, and the bullion depositories for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1970. Also contained in this edition are reports for the calendar year 1969 on U.S. gold, silver, and coinage metal production and the world's monetary stocks of gold, silver, and coins. MARY BROOKs, Director of the Mint. Hon. JoHN B. Con NALLY, Secretary of the Treasury.