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Redalyc.Mamíferos (Synapsida: Theria) De Colombia Biota Colombiana ISSN: 0124-5376 [email protected] Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Colombia Alberico, Michael; Cadena, Alberto; Hernández Camacho, Jorge; Muñoz Saba, Yaneth Mamíferos (Synapsida: Theria) de Colombia Biota Colombiana, vol. 1, núm. 1, 2000, pp. 43-75 Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Bogotá, Colombia Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=49110103 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Biota Colombiana 1 (1) 43 - 75, 2000 Mamíferos (Synapsida: Theria) de Colombia Michael Alberico1, Alberto Cadena2, Jorge Hernández-Camacho3 y Yaneth Muñoz-Saba4 1 Universidad del Valle, AA 25360, Cali - Colombia. [email protected] 2 Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, AA 7495, Santafé de Bogotá - Colombia. [email protected] 3 Fundación Biocolombia, AA 25835, Santafé de Bogotá - Colombia 4 Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, AA 77038, Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia. [email protected] Palabras Clave: Lista de chequeo, mamíferos, taxonomía, distribución, Colombia. Mientras algunos países desarrollados han tenido una En años más recientes, se ha vuelto a despertar el interés en larga trayectoria en estudiar y publicar listas de especies al producir bibliografía sobre los mamíferos del territorio na- nivel nacional, regional y local, los esfuerzos en Colombia cional. Borrero (1967) resumió parte de la información co- han sido muy ocasionales y relativamente recientes. Hace nocida sobre la distribución y ecología de un buen número más de un siglo, la riqueza de nuestro país atrajo expedicio- de especies importantes, especialmente aquellas de talla nes de colectores (algunos profesionales, otros aficiona- mayor. Posteriormente, Aellen (1970) en una lista anotada dos) para llevar materiales de estudio a los museos en el resume casi todo lo que se había publicado sobre los mur- exterior. No fue coincidencia que en los últimos años del ciélagos colombianos. En adición, las listas regionales han siglo XIX se encontraron en la región de Santa Marta comi- aportado resultados útiles para conformar una masa crítica siones que representaban los museos de historia natural de de información sobre nuestra diversidad de mamíferos como las ciudades de Londres y Nueva York, y de la Universidad grupo faunístico (Bangs 1905; Valdivieso 1964; Alberico de Harvard. Oldfield Thomas (del Museo Británico) tenía la 1981, 1983; Cadena et al. 1990; Muñoz 1993; Uribe & Ortiz costumbre de publicar numerosos artículos cortos, primer 1993; Gómez-Laverde 1994; Cabrera & Molano 1995, entre trabajo comprehensivo en vez de listas, con los resultados otros). de sus estudios, pero Outram Bangs (Harvard) publicó los resultados completos de esta investigación (1900) y J. A. Después de 70 años del trabajo de Allen (1916), Cuervo et Allen (Museo Americano en Nueva York) hizo lo mismo al. (1986) actualizaron en un artículo todos los grupos de con los murciélagos (1900) y con los demás mamíferos mamíferos de Colombia. Estos últimos autores presentaron (1904). Posteriormente Allen, con la colaboración de Frank una lista en la cual afirmaron la presencia de 367 especies Chapman, organizó una serie de expediciones que duraron en el territorio nacional y 82 especies de ocurrencia proba- varios años (1910-1915) para colectar mamíferos y aves a lo ble, para un total de 449 especies. Más recientemente, largo de Colombia. Allen (1916) publicó una serie de artícu- Rodríguez-Mahecha et al. (1995) actualizaron la lista para los sobre sus hallazgos, y una lista de 186 especies y incluir los últimos acontecimientos de la investigación y subespecies de esta serie de expediciones. cambios taxonómicos para un total de 465 especies, inclu- yendo aquellas de ocurrencia probable. Su trabajo fue no- Seguramente, quien más aportó al conocimiento de los ma- table, también, por incluir nombres comunes e indígenas, míferos en Colombia fue Philip Hershkovitz, quien tuvo dos aunque no incluyó información sobre la distribución de las largas estadías colectando en este país, primero en la re- especies. Es con esto en mente que presentamos la lista a gión de Santa Marta y la costa del Caribe (Smithsonian continuación, para proveer un resumen de la diversidad y Institution, Washington, D.C.) y, después, en diversas re- distribución de los mamíferos de Colombia para todos aque- giones del país (Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago). llos que necesiten referirse a las especies de este importan- Los resultados de estas investigaciones fueron debidamen- te grupo. te publicados en una serie de ocho artículos, los cuales trataron específicamente los mamíferos del norte de Colom- El país posee un total hasta ahora registrado de 471 espe- bia (1947-1960), y en muchas otras contribuciones. cies, que representan aproximadamente el 10% de la diver- 44- Mamíferos de Colombia Alberico et al. sidad total del mundo para este grupo (4.629 especies; La lista de las especies de mamíferos de Colombia se realizó Wilson & Reeder 1993). De este total, hay 435 especies de con base en información recolectada de la literatura, mate- presencia comprobada (92%), bien sea porque existen ejem- rial en colecciones de referencia e importantes trabajos de plares en colección o porque han sido vistos (como en el resumen (Dobson 1878; Cabrera 1958, 1961; Cuervo et al. caso de algunos cetáceos marinos) o capturados en el pa- 1986; Eisenberg 1989; Wilson & Reeder 1993; Flórez- sado. Las otras 38 especies son de presencia probable dada González & Capella 1995; Rodríguez-Mahecha et al. 1995; su distribución en los países vecinos. Están representados Emmons & Feer 1997). En general, hemos seguido la no- 15 órdenes, 46 familias y 200 géneros (Tabla 1). Los menclatura presentada para las especies en los artículos quirópteros son el orden más diverso (178 especies) segui- individuales sobre órdenes o grupos menores de Wilson & do por los roedores (135 especies). En conjunto, estos dos Reeder (1993). Sin embargo, hemos adaptado la clasifica- grupos representan el 65% de la riqueza total de especies. ción supragenérica de unos cuantos grupos para facilitar el uso o para incluir cambios recientes. Por ejemplo, hemos Esta diversidad ubica a Colombia como el cuarto país al seguido a Simmons & Voss (1998) en dividir Micronycteris nivel mundial más rico en especies de mamíferos y el tercero (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) en varios géneros, entendi- en el Neotrópico, después de Brasil (565 especies), Indonesia dos éstos como grupos naturales, y en reconocer tres es- (515 especies) y México (507 especies). En cuanto a los pecies de Eptesicus en vez de Eptesicus brasiliensis. De murciélagos, nuestro país queda como el segundo más di- manera similar, incluimos las conclusiones de Alberico et verso del mundo, después de Indonesia (220 especies) y se al. (1999), reconociendo un total de diez especies de ubica en el puesto número uno para toda América. puercoespines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae) entre comproba- das y probables para el país. Se ha hecho el intento de En cuanto al endemismo de mamíferos, Colombia es relati- incluir información de museos y de la literatura para docu- vamente pobre (Cuadro 1). De las 28 especies endémicas, la mentar la presencia de cada especie. Se ha dado preferencia mayoría (21 especies, 75%) son roedores, seguidos por unos a la primera cita publicada, en donde se comprueba la exis- cuantos primates, marsupiales e insectívoros. Es interesan- tencia de la especie en Colombia. te el hecho que entre los murciélagos (el grupo más diver- so) no hay ninguna especie cuya distribución esté limitada Las especies sin anotación en estas dos columnas se con- al territorio colombiano, posiblemente como resultado de sideran “probables” y se señalan en el listado con el símbo- distribuciones geográficas relativamente amplias. Cuatro lo de corchetes cuadrados ([]). Para presentar un listado especies de mamíferos son conocidas solamente de la loca- útil para una audiencia amplia, no presentamos la sinonimia lidad típica (Gracilinanus longicaudus, Marmosops de las especies porque 1) podría, fácilmente, duplicar la handleyi -Didelphimorphia, Oryzomys gorgasi y Oryzomys cantidad de información, y 2) no sería relevante para la ma- intectus -Rodentia), señalando así, la necesidad de estu- yoría de los usuarios. Esta información está disponible y se dios más detallados para resolver problemas en taxonomía espera que sirva como base para futuros aportes más técni- y/o distribución. cos de Biota Colombiana. Mammals (Synapsida: Theria) of Colombia Michael Alberico, Alberto Cadena, Jorge Hernández Camacho, Yaneth Muñoz-Saba Key Words: Checklist, mammals, taxonomy, distribution, Colombia. Colombia is home to some 471 species of mammals, 65% of all Colombian mammals. Despite this elevated ranking fourth globally after Brazil (565 spp.), Indonesia diversity, relatively few species of mammals are limited to (515 spp.) and Mexico (507 spp.), which is roughly 10% Colombia in distribution (= endemics). Of the 28 endemic of the mammal species in all the world (4.629 spp., Wilson species, most are rodents (21 spp., 75%), followed by a & Reeder 1993). Fifteen orders, 46 families and 200 ge- few primates, marsupials and insectivores.
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