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• Revista De Bioquímica Online N°8 Abril 2004 • REVISTA DE BIOQUÍMICA ONLINE • CELULAS DENDRITICAS DETERMINAN HOMING TEJIDO-ESPECIFICO EN LINFOCITOS T. J. RODRIGO MORA, MARIA ROSA BONO, N. MANJUNATH, WOLFGANG WENINGER, LOIS L. CAVANAGH, MARIO ROSEMBLATT & ULRICH H. VON ANDRIAN • PIONEROS DE LA BIOQUÍMICA LUIS FEDERICO LELOIR • CIENCIA AL DIA LA MOLÉCULA ISO-1 PREVIENE LA APARICIÓN DE DIABETES EN RATONES AVANCES EN EL PROYECTO GENOMA HUMANO. UNA NUEVA TÉCNICA REBASA EL LÍMITE ACTUAL DE DIFRACCIÓN. El ROSTRO MÁS MORTIFERO Y MENOS CONOCIDO DEL SMOG. VISUALIZACIÓN DE NEURONAS RECIÉN NACIDAS. CRISTALOGRAFIA DE MICROGRAVEDAD • TECNICAS QUE UN BIOQUÍMICO DEBE SABER MICROARRAYS • NUEVA SECCION: BASES BIOQUÍMICAS Y FISIOLOGICAS DE LAS ENFERMEDADES. ALZHEIMER: PRIMERA PARTE • NUEVA SECCIÓN: BIOINFORMATICA ¿QUE ES LA BIOINFORMATICA?, APRENDIENDO BIOINFORMATICA 31 AGENDA BIOQUIMICA 3 CARTA DEL DIRECTOR 4-10 CIENCIA AL DIA LA MOLÉCULA ISO-1 PREVIENE LA APARICIÓN DE 32-33 TRIBUNA DEL ESTUDIANTE DIABETES EN RATONES. AVANCES EN EL PROYECTO GENOMA HUMANO. CRISTALOGRAFIA DE MICROGRAVEDAD. PAGINA 8 (BREVE DE ARTE) Francisca Benavente Axel Pinto 11-13 CIENCIA EN CHILE. CELULAS DENDRITICAS DETERMINAN HOMING TEJIDO-ESPECIFICO EN LINFOCITOS T. 34 -35 TRIBUNA DEL PROFESOR Lisette leyton 14 -20 PIONEROS DE LA BIOQUIMICA LUIS FEDERICO LELOIR 36-37 ENTREVISTA: Paula Cury 38-46 BIOINFORMATICA 20 BECAS Y DOCTORADOS 21 - 25 BIOQUIMICA PATOLOGICA 47 PERSONAJE DEL MES ALZHEIMER PRIMERA PARTE ARTURO SANTIBAÑEZ 26 -31 MICROARRAYS 48 HUMOR GRAFICO 49GALERIA FOTOGRAFICA CARTA DEL DIRECTOR …………………RECORDATORIO Hola, a todos aquellos que revisan y aprovechan el material vertido en nuestra revista, les cuento que hemos DIRECTOR CARLOS LIZAMA abierto una nueva sección (Bioinformática), además les doy el dato que muy pronto comenzara a funcionar una CDTECA a cargo de Nicolas Perez, y en conjunto con EDITORES los miembros que editan esta revista. KELLY CAUTIVO Quiero hacer un llamado a participar en nuestra revista CARLOS LIZAMA sin necesidad de comprometerte a fondo con esta, lo ALVARO GONZALEZ único que tienes que hacer es enviarnos información PABLO TAPIA acerca de temas de tu interés, o aquellos que tu creas que son necesarios tocarlos en la revista. Además te REDACCION invitamos a proponer al personaje del mes para los KELLY CAUTIVO próximos números de nuestra revista solo tienes que CARLOS LIZAMA comunicarte con nosotros vía e-mail. ALVARO GONZALEZ Por ultimo creo que es importante felicitar a las personas PABLO TAPIA organizadoras del paseo, ya que este tuvo una muy buena acogida por parte de los alumnos de primero, y REPORTEROS una gran cantidad de alumnos de cursos superiores además estuvo muy bien organizada, espero que se sigan KELLY CAUTIVO PABLO TAPIA repitiendo. Este viernes 23 de abril recordemos que hay un debate CARLOS LIZAMA ALVARO GONZALEZ entre las listas que se presentan a centro de alumno, seria importante que todos participaran para poder de una vez DISEÑO GRAFICO portadas tener un centro de alumnos y salir del paso ya que las votaciones se llevaran acabo los días lunes 26 y ALVARO GONZALEZ KELLY CAUTIVO martes 27 de abril. Por otra parte además el día 30 de abril se realizara una tocata en la cafeta de nuestra casa CARLOS LIZAMA PABLO TAPIA central donde participaran una gran variedad de grupos interinos de nuestra carrera y algunos invitados ya NUESTRA PORTADA consolidados. En esta tocata además se votara por la elección del logo para nuestra polera, esperamos que vayas y disfrutes un buen rato escuchando y riéndote en compañía de tus amigos. CarlosLizamaV. E-MAIL: [email protected] diagnosticadas, "aunque los resultados no están disponibles todavía", han concluido. Unos adhesivos biocompatibles que pueden emplearse LA MOLÉCULA ISO-1 en tejido vascular aceleran el proceso de reparación PREVIENE LA APARICIÓN DE tisular, según ha anunciado un equipo de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad de Virginia, en DIABETES EN RATONES. Blacksburg (Virginia), en la CCXXVII Reunión Anual de la Sociedad Americana de Química, que se celebra en El compuesto ISO-1 Anaheim (California). parece prevenir la El objetivo del invento es posibilitar que los cirujanos aparición de la puedan cortar, pegar o reparar tejido vascular por diabetes tipo 1 medio de un recubrimiento de biopolímero que se cuando se administra active por láser, según ha detallado Timothy Long, en ratones, según un profesor de Química en Virginia. Otro de los usos sería estudio presentado como material estable aplicable para detener en la CCXXVII hemorragias. Reunión Anual de la Una de las inventoras del biopolímero, Afia Karikari, ha Sociedad Americana explicado la estructura y características del innovador de Química, que se celebra en Anaheim (California). polímero, ahondando en cómo la luz provoca un Este compuesto sintético bloquea una vía implicada en cambio en su forma y función. la inflamación y actúa como una vacuna en la En su presentación, Karikari ha detallado las prevención de la diabetes. El equipo de Yousef Al- características que poseen los múltiples compuestos Abed, del Instituto de Investigación Judío North Shore- que ya han sido seleccionados para componer un Long Island, en Manhasset (Nueva York), ha material que haría posible la reparación vascular especificado que la molécula iría dirigida a individuos asistida por láser. prediabéticos, definidos como aquéllos cuyos De confirmarse su eficacia, el invento mejoraría la marcadores sanguíneos predicen el desarrollo de la sutura de venas y arterias, ya fuera después de una enfermedad. Aunque hace falta una investigación más lesión o en el transcurso de una intervención de exhaustiva antes de que se pueda emplear el ISO-1 en trasplante o by-pass. Asimismo, permitiría cohibir humanos, el grupo de Al-Abed confía en que "pueda hemorragias y evitar la coagulación excesiva. convertirse en un fármaco oral de acción prolongada" En su estudio, el equipo administró el ISO-1 por medio de una inyección durante un periodo de 10 días a un grupo de ratones que habían recibido un compuesto AVANCES EN EL PROYECTO GENOMA químico para inducir la aparición de diabetes de tipo 1. HUMANO. El ISO-1 protegía por completo de la enfermedad, que fue desarrollada únicamente por los animales que no lo Secuencian los cromosomas humanos 13 y 19 y recibieron. el genoma de la rata. En un experimento similar controlado, el ISO-1 fue administrado a través de una inyección a ratones Un equipo británico y modificados genéticamente para ser diabéticos y otro norteamericano previno su aparición en el 90 por ciento de los casos han conseguido tratados. retratar con precisión Los dos grupos de ratones que recibieron el ISO-1 los cromosomas siguieron produciendo insulina durante el tratamiento humanos 13 y 19, y no mostraron ningún efecto adverso. Los beneficios respectivamente. El de la terapia fueron prolongados, "puesto que el análisis de sus datos compuesto seguía protegiendo a los animales dos publicado en la meses después de concluido el tratamiento", ha Nature, revela cómo el informado Al-Abed. 13 incorpora varios Según explican, la ISO-1 parece actuar bloqueando genes implicados en el cáncer, la esquizofrenia y el una proteína recién identificada, denominada factor trastorno bipolar, mientras que el 19 incluye genes inhibidor de la migración de macrófagos (MIF), que asociados a enfermedades como la hipercolesterolemia tiene un papel fundamental en la cascada de eventos o la diabetes insulinorresistente. inflamatorios que conducen a la destrucción de las Las secuencias de los cromosomas humanos 13 y 19 células beta pancreáticas. aparecen descifradas en dos trabajos que se publican Aunque el número de compuestos diseñados contra la hoy en la revista Nature y aportan datos valiosos sobre diabetes que se dirigen a la inflamación es cada vez enfermedades como el cáncer y la diabetes. mayor, "el presente estudio es el primero que propone El cromosoma 13, secuenciado por el equipo de prevenir la diabetes dirigiéndose a la proteína MIF", ha Andrew Dunham, del Instituto Wellcome Trust Sanger, comentado Al-Abed. Al tratarse de un compuesto en Hinxton (Reino Unido), es el mayor de los químico relativamente pequeño, el experto confía en cromosomas acrocéntricos humanos (el resto son el que pueda convertirse en un fármaco oral que funcione 14, 15, 21 y 22). Su contenido se estructura en 95,5 como una vacuna para la diabetes de tipo 1. megabases, que contienen 633 genes y 296 Actualmente, el ISO-1 se prueba actualmente en pseudogenes. animales para comprobar su eficacia en diabetes Basándose en la comparación con las secuencias 2000 genómicas de otros vertebrados, los autores estiman • Mayo. Publicada la secuencia del cromosoma que el 95,4 por ciento de los genes codificadores de 21. proteínas de este cromosoma han sido identificados en • Abril. El Departamento de Energía de Estados el presente trabajo. Además, se han encontrado otros Unidos anuncia el borrador de la secuencia de 105 genes putativos no codificadores de ARN. los cromosomas 5, 16 y 19. Una de las peculiariedades del cromosoma es que • Marzo. Secuenciado el genoma de la mosca posee una de las densidades genéticas más bajas del Drosophila melanogaster. genoma humano (6,5 genes por megabase), 1999 especialmente en su región central de 38 Mb, donde la • Diciembre. Publicada la secuencia del primer densidad genética se reduce hasta 3,1 genes por Mb. cromosoma humano, el 22 El 13 incorpora genes conocidos por su implicación en el cáncer, como el BRCA2 del tumor mamario y el gen La rata de laboratorio no difiere del hombre y del retinoblastoma
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