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El Indiano En La Dramatica De Tirso De Molina (Spanish Text). Alfonso Urtiaga Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College

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El Indiano En La Dramatica De Tirso De Molina (Spanish Text). Alfonso Urtiaga Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1963 El Indiano en La Dramatica De Tirso De Molina (Spanish Text). Alfonso Urtiaga Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Urtiaga, Alfonso, "El Indiano en La Dramatica De Tirso De Molina (Spanish Text)." (1963). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 868. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/868 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been 64-4001 microfilmed exactly as received URTIAGA, Alfonso, 1923- EL INDIANO EN LA DRAMATICA DE TIRSO DE MOLINA. (Spanish Text]. Louisiana State University, Ph.D., 1963 Language and Literature, modern University Microiilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan Copyright by Alfonao Urtia 1964 EL HJDIANO EH LA DRAI-IATICA, DE TIRSO DE MOLINA Disertacidn Presentada ante el Clauetro de Profeaores de la Escuela para Graduados de la Unlversldad del Eatado de Luiaiara y Colegio de Agriculture y Mecdnica como complemento de loa requiaitoa para el grado de Doctor en Filoaofia en el Departamento de Lenguaa Extranjeraa por Alfonso Urtiaga Licenoiado en Filoaofia Univeraidad EcleaiAstica de la Comparila de Jeatia, Madrid, 1949 A Iob Profesores John A. Thompson y Alfredo Berumen quo me inspiraron y ayudaron en eBte trabajo y a Iob demds miembros del Tribunal que tan amablemente se dignaron aprobarlo y autorizarlo con sue firmas. ii IK DICE Pags. RESUI-IEN .............................................. v PRIME HA PARTE. LAS IK DIAS Y EL IKDIAKO EN LA LITE- RATURA ESP AH OLA DEL SIGLO DE O R O ................. 1 Capltulo I. El conoopto popular de Indias. Ideas acerca de la vida en Indias .................... 2 Capltulo II. Acepclones de la palabra "indiano" incluldas en el Dloolonarlo de la Academia. Otras acepclones. Palabras relacionadas ...... 21 Capltulo III. Caracterizacidn del indiano. La riquesa y los indianos. La fama de los India— nos. El falso indiano ........................ 52 Capltulo IV. MotivoB para marchar a las Indias. Sevilla metrdpoli del indiano. El viaje. Es— critores indianos de nuestro Siglo de Oro. Las Indias y algunos grandes autores .......... 90 SEGUKDA PARTE. LOS IKDIANOS DE TIRSO .............. 110 Capltulo I. Ideas generales sobre las Indias .... Ill Capltulo II. Indianos en sentido estricto. Croa— ciones anterioros al viaje de Tirso a la isla Espanola. Creaciones posteriores al viaje de Tirso a la Isla Espanola....................... 125 Capltulo III. El criollo. Otras olaseB de india­ nos no registrados por la Academia. La ambicidn y el esplritu del indiano. Los indianos y las Indias Orientales ............................... 156 Capltulo IV. La riqueza y el amor. Notas sicold— gicas ........................... 193 TERCERA PARTE. SIGKIFICADO DE LA FIGURA DEL IKDIAKO EN LA VIDA Y EH LA 03RA DRAMATICA DE TIRSO DE MO­ LINA .............................................. 226 Capltulo I . Importancia biogrfifica del viaje de iii * Pags. Tirso a Santo Domingo. Causas del viaje. El viaje y la misifin. Un recuerdo pict6rico del viaje. Tirso en los olrculos Indianos de Madrid 227 Capltulo II. Una formulaoidn del ideal humano. El papel de la ambioi6n y el mereoimiento. Mo- tivaoiones diversas de algunos indianos........ 248 Capltulo III. Relaoifin del tema del indiano con el resto de la obra de Tirso. Importancla del teaa del indiano ............................. 262 CONCLUSION ...................................... 276 BIBLIOGHAFIA.................................... 280 NOTAS BIOGRAFICAS ................................ 286 iv RBSUMEN SI objeto de esta disertaoidn es estudiar el papel qua la fi- gura del indiano juega en la dram/Ltica de Tirso de Molina. Se trata con esto de haoer una oontrlbuoldn al estudlo del Indiano en la literature dram&tica espanola. Los autores espanoles del Siglo de Oro , estudiados en la prlmera parte, entendlan por Indias una realidad geogr&fica oon- trapuesta a la metr6poli, que inclula tanto las Indias Occidenta- les o America como las Orientales. Las ideas sobre esa realidad geogr&fioa eran vagaB y confusas, con la sola nota bien definida de ser tierra de extraordinaria riqueza. En los mismos autores la palabra Indiano presents una gama de signifioados aplicables a personas o cosas, desde el m£s gene­ ral de "perteneclente a Indias," al m&s estrioto de peninsular que ha ido a Indias y ha vuelto de ellas. Los criollos son llaina- dos indianos, asl como los espaholeB que han ido a Indias pero no han vuelto de ellas. TambiSn son indianoB miembros de la familia de indianos en sontido estrioto. Se observa clara tendencia a considerar a los indianos en sentido estricto como ricos, e igualmente a presentarlos con cier- tas notas peyorativas, en especial la tacaherla. En la segunda parte estudiamos estos puntos en la dramfitioa de TirBO de Molina. Aoerca de las Indias los personaJes tirsia- nos piensan de modo semejante al de los de otros autoreB. Tirso acenttia sin embargo la idea de que las Indias son un lugar exoe- lente de donde s6lo pueden venir cosas buenas. Sobre la palabra indiano diremos que Tirso rehusa aplicarla a los espanoles idos v a Indias y vuoltos de ellas a Espana, qulzfi. porque aplioada a ellos podia toner sentido peyorativo, pero la usa para desig- nar al oriollo y a indios. Presentamos pues como indiano a personages a quienes Tirso no llama as£ pero que lo son segfin las definiclones aoeptadas. Tirso tambiin considera a los espanoles que han estado en America como ricos, pero se aparta olaramente de atribuirles notas peyorativas. Huy al oontrario los indianoB de sus come— dias ostin tratados con simpatla y benevolenoia, y algunos, oo- mo Fernando Pizarro, son presentados como modelos de virtudes humanas. En la tercera parte analizamos el significado de la figura del indiano en la dram&tioa y en la vida de Tirso. Este fue un indiano en sentido estrioto, pues residi6 en Santo Domingo y vol- vi6 a Espana. Este hecho parece haber sido un punto cumbre de la vida del autor, y, asl, el indiano, tal y como aparece en sue obras, estfi lleno de oontenido humano por su valor autobiogi&fioo. El indiano represents al hombre que se hace a si miemo a tra- vis de sus propiaB obras, lo cual, segfin Tirso, le da una nobleza superior a la que pudisra heredar de sus padres. Haber estado en Amirioa es para Tirso una especie de purificaciin y nueva crea- cidn del hombre, que vuelve a su patria lleno de ennoblecedoras experiencias. Estas lo levanta Bobre sus compatriotaB. La importanola de la figura del indiano en la dramitioa de Tirso reside en que representa el mixlmo exponents de la noble­ za de las obras, superior a toda otra nobleza. Esta figura se relaciona con el resto de la dram&tioa tirsiana, ya que en ista vi el tema del hoabre que trata de labraree una vida por si mismo, a deepeobo de prejuioios, injustioias e infortunios, apareoe insistentemente, por ejemplo en los personajos del bastardo no­ ble postergado y del estudiante pobre. vii ABSTRACT This dissertation is primarily intended as a study of the role of the "Indiano11 charaoter in tho dramatic works of Tirso de Molina. It is ultimately intended as a contribution to the study of that oharaoter in Spanish literature. Spanish authors studied in the first part are evidence that during the Golden Age Spanish people understood as Indies a geo­ graphic reality opposed to "homeland, 11 including both West In­ dies or America, and East Indies. Ideas about this geographic reality were vague and confuse with only one well defined note: that of being a very rich land. These authors use the word indiano within a range of meanings applicable to persons and things, from the extensive one of "re­ lated to Indies" to the strict one of Spaniard who went to the Indies and came back to Spain. Spaniards who went to the Indies but did not come back to Spain, relatives of strict sense indianos. Creole people and Indians are considered indianos. There is a noticoable tendenoy to consider the striot sense indiano as a wealthy person and to introduce him with derogatory traits, particularly as a miser. In our second part we study this matter in the dramatic works of Tirso. His characters think of the Indies more or less as the characters of other authors do. Tirso nevertheless stresses the idea that the Indies are a privileged place and that only good things come from there. Tirso refuses to use the word indiano as meaning a Spaniard who went to Amerioa end came back to Spain, but uses it persistently as meaning Creole or Indian. Therefore we introduce as indianos some characters that Tirso does not oall that way; wo do so because they are indianos according to accepted definitions. Tirso shares the general tendency to consider Spaniards who visited Amerioa as rich people, but abstains from presenting them with derogatory traits. Far from it his indianos are treated wi h sympathy and benevolence, and some of them, as Fernando Pi- zarro, appear as model of human virtues. In the third part we study the meaning and value of the in— dlano as a character in the dramatic works and in the life of Tir— so. He was an indiano in strict sense since he visited Santo Do­ mingo and came back to Spain. This event seems to have been a prominent one in his life and that is why the indiano an he appears in Tirso’s works is endowed with authentic human qualities due to his autobiographic value. The indiano according to Tirso is a man who really recreates himself through his own works.
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