The Firebird and the Fox Jeffrey Brooks Index More Information Www

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48446-6 — The Firebird and the Fox Jeffrey Brooks Index More Information

Index

abstraction, 156, 182 for popular culture, 8, 21, 46, 62, 153, Acmeism, 149, 153, 190 194 Aesop, 5, 172, 204 autocracy, 2, 14, 17, 51, 56–59, 99–100, Afanas’ev, Aleksandr N. (folklorist), 5, 20, 106–109, 263 24, 29–30, 45, 230, 234, 242, 250 Diaghilev and, 105–106, 125–129 Afanas’ev, Aleksei Fedorovich, 28–29, 131, political debates about after 1905, 119–124 135, 251–252, 265 avant-garde, 5, 8, 79, 96, 99, 136, 141, 180 agency Bolsheviks and, 170–187, 235 of former serfs, 7 celebrity culture, 147–152 of peasants, 13 Chukovsky, Kornei, and, 210 of people of common origins, 2–6, 16–17 exhibitions, 155 as represented in the lubok,59–63 traditions of rebellion and, 151 of women, 44–46, 144–146 unconventional dress and, 159 Aikhenval’d, Iurii, 120 use of humor, 9, 100, 147 Akhmatova, Anna, 1, 10, 153–154, 168, violence in the imagery of, 187, 206 175, 178, 241 Averchenko, Arkadii, 115, 160 Aksakov, Sergei, 25, 54 Alarm Clock (Budil’nik),62–64, 148–159, 214 Babel, Isaac, 168, 207, 228 Alexander II, Tsar, 2, 13–15, 41, 81, 252 “Death of Dolgushov, The,” 196 Alexander III, Tsar, 16, 52, 57, 96, 106 “My First Goose,” 195 Altman, Natan, 184, 186 Odessa Stories, 196 Andreev, Leonid, 101, 153 Red Cavalry, 195 Annenkov, Iurii, 186, 188, 219, 225 use of the skaz, 195 anniversary of the Revolution, celebration Bakhtin, Mikhail, 22, 35, 115, 181 of, 184–186 Bakst, Leon, 106, 129 anti-Semitism, 137, 142, 152, 210 attack of Benois on, 142 Russian Word and, 122 ballerino, 144 Apollinaire, Guillaume, 157 ballet Apollo, 164 Dance Symphony, 235 Arrows (Strely), 117 Firebird (1822), 24, 28 Artists’ Union of the USSR, 169 Limpid Stream, 228 Asaf’iev, Boris, 234 Little Humpbacked Horse, The,28 audiences Magniﬁcence of the Universe, The, 235 for children’s literature, 10, 171, 205, Pavillon d’Armide, Le, 129 210, 224, 246 Red Whirlwind, The, 235 debates about, 80–81 Renard, Le,6 evolution of, 90–92, 147–154 Romeo and Juliet, 256 for high culture, 8, 17, 93, 125, 191 Ballets Russes interaction among, xiv, 3, 10, 28, 51, 93, Firebird, 130–135 156–157, 193, 206 Petrushka, 135–137 for intermediate culture, 9, 85, 88, 111, Rite of Spring, The, 100, 125, 138–146 160, 192 Balmont, Konstantin, 103

320

Index 321

bandit cabinet card, 161–162 as rebel in song and popular fiction, 40–41 Campbell, Peter, 158 Bandit Churkin, 68–72, 214 Caricature Sheet of the Newspaper of Bartlett, Rosamund, 36, 76 Newspapers, The (Karikaturnyi listok Bast Shoe (Lapot’), 216 gazety gazet), 110 Bayonet (Shtyk), 116 carnival, 136 Bedny, Demyan, 201–202 avant-garde and, 155, 181 Beilis, Mendel, 99 of early modern Russia, 22–23, 36, 115 Belinsky, Vissarion, 53 Soviet celebrations and, 187 Bem, Elizabeth, 4, 132 Carter, Nick Benois, Alexandre, 129–130, 135–145, detective fiction, 154 151, 155, 216 celebrity culture, 8, 99, 115, 127, 139, attack on Bakst, 142–143 147–165 Berdyaev, Nikolai, 120 avant-garde and, 147–148, 154 Berlin, Isaiah, 3, 231, 241 Chaliapin and, 162 Bilibin, Ivan, 4, 25, 113, 118, 133–134, Chekhov and, 152 231–232, 249 censorship Binns, John, 59 Glavlit, 189 Bitner, V. V., 154, 160 Soviet, 168–170, 174, 183, 206, 223 Blakesley, Rosalind, 53, 105 tsarist, 15, 26, 36, 46–47, 86, 90, 95, 99, Blok, Alexander, 123 119 Chukovsky, Kornei, and, 210 Chagall, Marc on late imperial commercial culture, 148 Commissar of the Arts in Vitebsk, Petrograd House of Art and, 188 181–182 Bloody Sunday, 97, 106, 151 designs for Firebird, 145 Blue Magazine (Sinii zhurnal),148–161, 206 Petrushka of Dead Souls, 137 Bojanowska, Edyta, 82 Vitebsk People’s Art School, 182–183 Bolshoi Theater, 199 Chaliapin, Feodor Booth, Wayne, 203 as Boris Godunov, 127–128 boundaries of self and society Blue Magazine and, 153 children’s literature and, 174 celebrity culture, 153, 162 debates on cultural inclusion and, 17 in demonic roles, 115 as meta-theme, 7, 264 Chandler, Robert, 160, 256–257 satire and, 109 Chapayev, Vasily, 247 Bowlt, John, 105, 139–141, 157 Cheka, 186, 218 Br’er Rabbit, 5 Chekhonte, Antosha Briusov, Valery, 103, 111, 120 pseudonym Anton Chekhov, 73 Brooks, Peter, 62–63 Chekhov, Anton Budyonny, Semyon Mikhailovich on art and beauty, 77–79 attack on Isaac Babel, 195–196 “Black Monk, The,” 112 Bugbear (Zhupel), 118 “Captain’s Uniform, The,” 78 Bukharin, Nikolai, 168, 218, 240 Drama on the Hunt,73 Bulgakov, Mikhail, 23, 172 “Duel, The,” 77 Days of the Turbins, The, 199 famine relief and, 81 Fatal Eggs, The, 199 Fatherless,75 Heart of a Dog, 199 the Gothic and, 112 Master and Margarita, The, 200–201 “Gusev,” 109 on Soviet pseudoscience, 199, 207 “Happiness,” 77 Theatrical Novel, 199, 222 humor in, 68, 152 White Guard, 199 inclusiveness as a value, 81–82 Bulgakov, Sergei, 122 influence of serialization on, 72 Bulgakowa, Oksana, 193 interaction with popular literature, 67–70 Bunin, Ivan, 48, 101 “Joy,” 152 Burke, Peter, 21 “Lady with a Little Dog,” 71, 77 Burliuk, David, 149–160 Motley Stories,73

322 Index

Chekhov, Anton (cont.) association with rebellion and banditry, national identity in land and people, 90, 39, 42, 76 92 Babel attached to unit of, 195–196 “Nerves,” 71 songs about, 60 On the Big Road, 75, 77 Crocodile (Krokodil), the magazine, 216 Platonov,75 Crocodile (the story). See children, works for, reading public, 66–67 Chukovsky, Kornei Realism and, 67 Cubism, 179 Sakhalin,82–85 Seagull, The,78 Dal’, Vladimir, 204 “Sleepy,” 71 Dan’ko, Elena Steppe, The, 76, 82 Karabas Vanquished, 245 “Swedish Matchstick, The,” 72 Daniel, Yuri, 29 “Thieves,” 75–76, 101 Decadence, 93, 105, 139 Tolstoy, Leo, and, 89, 91 Decadents, 78, 103–109, 112, 210 traditional bandit tales, interest in, 77, 79 Decembrist Revolt, 14–15, 128, 184 “Van’ka,” 71, 89 Department of Fine Arts (IZO), 181–183 Chernyavskiy, Georgiy, 188, 190 Diaghilev, Sergei Chernyshevsky, Nikolai, 53 Ballets Russes and, 125–146 Chertkov, V. G., 89 exhibition at Grand Palais, Paris, 126 children, works for, 170–172, 225 exhibition of portraits organized by, animated ﬁlms, 227, 240, 245 105–107 Chukovsky, Kornei, 209–211 tsar’s patronage of, 105 irony in, 208, 216–219, 224 World of Art, 105, 113 multi-aged audiences for, 205, 213 Didelot, Charles-Louis, 24 sentient animals in, 172–174 Dobroliubov, Nikolai, 53 children’s literature, See children, works for Dobuzhinsky, Mstislav, 10, 118, 182, 186, Chuckler (Smekhach), 216 219–220, 224, 246 Chukovsky, Kornei, 10, 77–123, 159–189 Dostoevsky, Fyodor avant-garde and, 210 Brothers Karamazov, The, 34, 42, 48, Barmalei, 219–220 70 Crocodile, 209–216 Crime and Punishment, 35, 42, 47–48, Dr. Aibolit, 257 250 Fir Tree: A Little Book for Small “Crocodile,” 212, 214 Children, 216 Diary of a Writer, 40, 250 Gorky, Maxim, and, 187 Idiot, The,34 “Kingdom of Dogs,” 257 kindness and cruelty in, 47, 53, 250 Monster Cockroach, The, 217–218 life of, 19, 43, 174 Muddle, 238 Notes from the House of the Dead, 43, on Chekhov, 77–78, 85 47–48, 88 Petrograd House of Arts, 187–188 Orthodoxy and Holy Fools in, 9, satirical magazines of 1905–1907 and, 33–34 109, 172 Realism and, 34–35, 67 “Vanya and the Crocodile,” 210 rebellious freedom in, 42–43, 47 Civil War, 167, 181, 189, 199, 204, 211, secular canonization of, 17 240, 247 serialization and, 47, 70 Cocteau, Jean, 139 Double-Headed Axe (Sekira), 117 collectivization, 3, 167, 180, 190, 194, 249 Dragonﬂy (Strekoza),72 compassion for victims of, 258 Dralyuk, Boris, 192, 261 Fourteen Little Red Huts and, 198 Duncan, Isadora, 129 Commissariat of Enlightenment, 178–184 Constitutional Democratic Party, 97, 119 ecosystem, cultural, 1, 9, 51, 54, 66, 264 Constructivism, 180–181, 263 education and schools, 15, 17, 39, 45, 63, Contemporary, The (Sovremennik), 25, 45 85, 89, 94–95, 178, 183, 204 Cossacks, 169 Ehrenburg, Ilya, 175

Index 323

Eisenstein, Sergey, 191, 193–194 Chekhov’s, The Seagull,78 Battleship Potemkin, The, 193 Goncharov, Ivan, on, 30 October, 194 fool and, 4–5 Strike, The, 193 freedom and, 6 El Lissitzky, Lazar, 180, 182 in folklore, 4, 25 Emancipation Kandinsky and, 133 Great Reforms and, 13–17 Little Humpbacked Horse, The, in, 4, impact on markets for cultural goods, 26–28 147–148, 264 lubok prints and, 24 relaxation of cultural constraints and, 17, Petrov-Vodkin and, 185 38, 65, 95 Polenova, Elena, illustration of, 134 Wanderers and, 53, 67 First All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers, Emerson, Caryl, 128 169, 223 Emmons, Terence, 41 ﬁrst Five-Year Plan, 180, 190, 207, 209, Engel, Barbara, 141 236 Engelstein, Laura, 141 Fitzpatrick, Sheila, 184 Ermak Timofeevich, 39–40, 42 Flathman, Richard, 44 Ershov, Petr Pavlovich, 4, 26 Florenskii, P. A., 59 Alexander Pushkin, and, 26 Fokine, Mikhail, 129–143, 155 life of, 26 folktale Little Ivan the Fool, use of, 26 children’s literature and, 215, 242 popularity of The Little Humpbacked collection of A. N. Afanas’ev, 24 Horse,28 fool in, 19, 21, 29 Soviet versions of The Little Humpbacked fox in, 230–231 Horse, 251–254 Gorky on, 185 tsarist era variants and illustrations of The oral traditions and, 25 Little Humpbacked Horse,28–29, 130 Platonov, Andrei, 197, 256 Pushkin Ruslan and Liudmila, 135 fable Tolstoy, Alexei, and, 242 as carrier of veiled meaning, 204, 226, Tolstoy, Leo, and, 37 249 Soldier and the Tsar in the Forest, The,20 fox in, 230–231 Tsarevich Ivan, the Firebird, and the Grey Krylov, Ivan, 172 Wolf,4 Tolstoy, Leo, 172 Fool, Holy, 4–37, 110 famine in Dostoevsky, 34–35 in Ukraine and Platonov’s portrayal of, 198 Mikola the Fool, 32 NEP as response to, 168 Nikolka in Boris Godunov,33 of 1891–1892, 81, 96 Orthodox tradition in, 31–33 under War Communism, 177, 182 Petrova, Kseniia, 32 Far East Shostakovich as, 229 Russian expansion, 96, 107, 109 Sinyavsky, Andrei, on, 29 February Revolution, 177, 210 Fool, secular, 4–37 Fedotov, George P. bauble of, 135 kenotocism, 31 freedom and, 23, 33 Field (Niva), 62–64, 100, 149 Gorky’s story of Ivan the Fool, 216 children’s supplement publishes Ivan the Fool, 19 Chukovsky’s Crocodile, 209–210 Legend of How a Soldier Saved Peter the circulation and content, 63–64, 85 Great from Death, The,20–22 illustrations in, 83, 86, 148 in Life and Fate, 265 Tolstoy’s Resurrection serialized in, Little Humpbacked Horse, The, in, 85–87 26–29 ﬁrebird Ostap Bender as, 248 ballet 1822, 24 opposed to clever fox, 6 Ballets Russes and, 130–135 Sinyavsky, Andrei, on, 29 Chagall, Marc, and, 145 in Soviet literature, 265

324 Index

Fool, secular (cont.) support for intelligentsia, 186 in War and Peace,35–36 Untimely Thoughts, 187 in work of Anton Chekhov, 77 Gorsky, Alexander, 131, 161 fox, 240 Gothic ballet Le Renard by Stravinsky, Chaliapin in demonic roles, 115 231–235 Chekhov parody of, 67 gender roles, 5, 45, 230 influence of European Pre-Raphaelites, in children’s literature, 6, 235–240, 242, 104 246, 260 as rebellion against established values, 101 in fables, 172 Satirical magazines of 1905-1907 and, in folklore, 5, 230 110–112 opposite to the naive Fool, 6 Vrubel’s Demon and, 113–115 Ostap Bender as, 248 GPU, 189 Sinyavsky, Andrei, on, 231, 248 Great Break, 167, 169, 194, 222, 236 freedom and order Great Purge Trials, 174, 223, 240, as meta-theme, 6, 264 255–256, 258 bandit tales and, 39–41, 47 Great Reforms, 13, 15–16, 19, 50–51 Bulgakov and, 200–201 Great Terror, 167, 170, 174 Chekhov on, 66–70, 79 Grossman, Vasily, 175, 265–266 Fools and rebellious heroes in, 17 Groys, Boris, 179 Soviet children’s literature and, 171, Gumilyov, Nikolay, 149, 153, 189–190 208–229 treatment by Tolstoy and Dostoevsky of, Hedgehog, The, 257 19, 33–37, 41–43 Hellish Post (Adskaia pochta), 118 Futurism, 100, 179, 224 Hemingway, Ernest, 170 hereditary estates (sosloviia), 14–17, 52, 94 Garafola, Lynn, 127, 129, 135, 138 Herzen, Alexander, 55 Ge, Nikolai, 52, 56, 208 Hickey, Martha Weitzel, 188 gender Hippo (Begemot), 216 Anna Karenina,45 Hughes, Langston, 170 Renard, Le, 230–235 Huizinga, Johan, 4 Rite of Spring, 141–145 Hunt, Priscilla, 33 roles and relations, 45–46 Gippius, Zinaida, 79, 103, 111, 241 Iazykov, Nikolai Mikhailovich, 24 Godless, The (Bezbozhnik), 216 icon Gogol, Nikolai, 9, 38, 42 Black Square and, 157 Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka,3 face-to-face visual language of, 59 Petrushka in Dead Souls, 137, 145 lives of Holy Fools in, 32 Golovin, Aleksandr, 115, 130, 143, 162 lubok and conventions of, Goncharov, Ivan, 4, 30, 55 16, 58–60, 93, 152 Goncharova, Natalia, 99, 126, 141, training of painters, 51 149–152, 157–158, 160–161, 164 Ilf, Ilya, 207, 214 Blue Magazine and, 149, 152 Golden Calf, The, 247 Gorky, Maxim, 153, 185 Twelve Chairs, The, 247 Bolsheviks and, 100, 187–189, 241 Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 116, 131 born Alexei Peshkov, 101 intelligentsia, 7, 160 Chekhov and, 101 Alexei Tolstoy and Soviet, 243 eccentric dress, 159 definition of, 38, 54 Fir Tree, A Little Book for Small Children, early Bolshevik suspicion of, 190, 196 216 early Soviet poverty of, 186 neo-Realism and, 93, 101 from the people, 94, 112 New Life, 186 obligations of, 7, 121–122 Peshkova, E. P., 240 Wanderers and, 55 Petrograd House of Arts, 218, 246 irony, 172, 208 “Song of the Stormy Petrel,” 115 definition of, 203–204

Index 325

in children’s literature, 208, 216, 246 Kuleshov, Lev, 193 in early Soviet works, 204–208 Kuprin, Aleksandr, 67, 101, 154 reading for multiple meanings, 204, 206 Lambroza, Shlomo, 99 Isdebsky-Pritchard, Aline, 114 Lancéray, Evgenii, 107, 118, 136 Iurodivyi, 19, 229 Landmarks (Vekhi), 122, 250 Ivan the Terrible, 3, 32, 39–40, 162 landscape, 17 Ivanov, Sergey A., 32 in art of the Wanderers, 53–57, 67 Ivin, I. S. See Kassirov, Ivan Chekhov’s development of, 81 Tolstoy’s (Leo) development of, Jackson, David, 55 87 Jester (Shut),28–29, 131, 135, 145, Turgenev’s development of, 3 251–252 Larionov, Mikhail, 99, 126, 148, 151–155, Johnson, Steven, 147 157, 161, 235 Journal de St.-Pétersbourg, 137 Blue Magazine and, 149 journal, prerevolutionary thick Lebedev, Vladimir, 10, 173, 206, 216, Russian Thought, 82, 120 225–227 Scales, 111 Legend of How a Soldier Saved Peter the Great The Contemporary, 25, 45 from Death, The,19–21, 58 Leikin, N. A., 68–73 Kadet Party, 97–98, 121–123 Lenin, Vladimir, 112, 168, 173, 178, 183, Kaganovich, Lazar, 198, 199 185, 189, 185, 189 Kandinsky, Wassily, 133, 147, 157, 178, and Gorky, Maxim, 186–188 183 Lermontov, Mikhail, 2–3, 23, 38, 231 Kassirov, Ivan, 25 “Demon, The,” 79, 112, 115, 136 Katkov, Mikhail, 47 Liberation, 119 Kelly, Catriona, 136, 144, 175, 255 Likhachev, D. S., 22, 32 Kelly, Thomas Forrest, 138 literacy. See also education and schooling Kennan, George, 90–91 impact on the reading public, Kennedy, Janet, 105 49–50, 94–95 kenoticism, 31, 40 Soviet, 204 Kharms, Daniil, 10, 225 Literary Critic, 199 First, Second, 262 Little Bee, The (Pchelka),69 kindness to animals and humanistic Little Flame (Ogonek), 148, 179, 251 values, 260–262 Little Humpbacked Horse, The (ballet), the terrorist group of Marshak and, 26 225 Little Humpbacked Horse or the Tsar Khlebnikov, Velimir, 149–155, 161 Maiden, The, original staging, 28 Game in Hell, 149 restaged 1866, 131 Kirov, Sergei, 170, 221, 228, 258 restaged 1901, 131 Kiselev Reforms, 13 revived 1895, 131, 161 Kobets, Svitlana, 33 Little Humpbacked Horse, The,26–29 Kokorev, V. A., 52 See also Ershov, Ballets Russes, Kolesnikova, L. E., 159 Stravinsky, Diaghilev, Fokine Konchalovskii, Petr Petrovich, 157 Afanas’ev, A. F., illustrator, 29, Korolenko, Vladimir, 73, 91 252 Koselleck, Reinhart, 117 Glebova, T. N., illustrator, 254 Koshchei the Deathless, 25, 130–136 Rosenfel’d, N., illustrator, 254 Kramskoy, Ivan, 52, 55–57, 89 Samokish-Sudkovskaia, E. P., illustrator, Kruchenykh, Aleksei, 149–161 29 Krupskaya, Nadezhda, 178, 216, 222, 249 Vasnetsov, Iu., illustrator, 253 Krylov, Ivan A., 5–6, 172, 204, 226 Zhukovsky, R. K. illustrator, 28 Krylov, Ivan Zakharovich, 20–23 Lodder, Christina, 155, 179–180 Krylov, Porﬁry, 240 London, Jack, 67, 170 Kuleshov effect, the, 193–194 Lotman, Yuri, 23

326 Index

lubok, 50, 57, 95, 132, 157, 164, 178–179, Mikhalkov, Sergei, 221–222, 238, 246 184, 193, 234–235 Miliukov, P. N., 119–123 changing values of society reflected in, Mill, John Stuart, 44–48 59–61 Modernism, 93, 99, 102, 110 conventions of the icon and, 58–59 Monet, Claude, 156 influence on early Soviet visual art, 186, 205 Montjoie!, 143–144 influence on the avant-garde, 149–152, Moor, Dmitry, 163, 206 157, 179 Moscow Imperial Bolshoi Theater, 131 Kassirov, Ivan, 25 Motherland (Rodina),62 literature of the, 29, 44, 73 Mukhina, Vera, 184 representation of peasants in, 61–62 Murray, Natalia, 186 traditional popular print, 13, 58 Mussorgsky, Modest, 33, 55–56, 127–128, Lunacharsky, Anatoly, 173, 178, 183–191 145 Bedny, Demyan and, 202 Commissariat of Enlightenment and, 183 national identity, 1, 44–55 Commission for the Protection of Art humor magazines and, 115–118 Objects and, 187 icon and, 59, 105 Gorky, Maxim, and, 187 illustrated magazines and, 63–64 lubok and, 204 Macaulay, Alastair, 129 Wanderers and, 16, 52–54 Main Administration for Literary and Nekrasov, N. A., 41, 55, 106 Publishing Affairs (Glavlit), 189 Neoprimitivism, 151 Malevich, Kazimir, 10, 147, 155, 157, 168, neo-Realism, 93, 99 171, 179–180 New Economic Policy, 167–169, 189, 218, Black Square, 155 225, 252 Game in Hell, 150, 151 New Life, 186 Modern Lubok, The, 179 Lenin’s opposition to, 187–188 Victory over the Sun, 156 New Satyricon (Novyi Satirikon), 160 Vitebsk People’s Art School, 181–183 Nicholas I, Tsar, 2, 13–14, 26, 226 Mallarmé, Stéphane, 157 Nicholas II, Tsar, 56–57, 93–99, 104–108, Mally, Lynn, 183 111, 118, 160 Mamontov, Savva, 104–105, 113, 128, 134, 145 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 103, 111–114 Mandelstam, Osip, 153, 178, 218, 228, 242 Nijinska, Bronislava, 235 “For Cassandra,” 178 Nijinsky, Vaslav, 138–139, 144 “Mountaineer” (“Gorets”), 218 NKVD, 196, 241 threat by Alexei Tolstoy against, 242 nomenklatura, 190, 199, 241 “Tristia,” 178 as public for the arts, 191 Marshak, Samuil, 137, 224–229, 246 Northern Herald, 103 Ice-Cream, 225 Post Office, 227 OBERIU, 223 Story about a Silly Little Mouse, 226 October Manifesto, 97–98, 107 Story of an Unknown Hero, 225 Octobrists, 97 Mashkov, Il’ia Ivanovich, 157 Oddball (Chudak), 216 Matiushin, Mikhail, 179 Oddballs (Chudaki), 224 May Day, celebrations of, 181–186 Olsuf’eva, A., 171 Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 100, 153–156, 191, opera 205, 224–225 Boris Godunov,33,127–128, 134, 145, 162 Bedbug, 191 Demon, The, 115, 163 dress of, 158–160 Koshchei the Deathless, 135 and lubok, 179 Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District, The, Tale of Fat Petya and Skinny Sima, The, 228 224, 225 Prince Igor, 129, 140 Merezhkovsky, Dmitry, 62, 101–105, Ruslan and Liudmila, 3, 135 111–121, 250 Victory over the Sun, 150, 156 Meyerhold, Vsevolod, 191, 193, 228 Orthodox Church, 17, 19, 31–32, 95, 164

Index 327

Orwin, Donna Tussing, 46 Happy Moscow, 198 Ostap Bender, 207, 214, 247–248 “Immortality,” 198 “Locks of Epifan, The,” 197 Panchenko, A. M., 32 Magic Ring, The, 256 Panfilov, A. Iu., 173 Platt, Kevin M., 241 Pasternak, Boris, 1, 5, 153, 168, 222 play and jest Pasternak, Leonid, 86, 162 as cultural medium, 4, 67, 100, 147–148 Pastukhov, N. I., 68–75, 214 link to humor, 6, 9, 22, 35, 73, 147, 173 patriarchy, 39, 45, 65, 95, 142 pogroms, 98–99, 152, 195 Peredvizhniki. See Wanderers, the Polenova, Elena, 104, 134–135 Perov, Vasily, 52, 55 Political Department of the Army (PUR), 178 Arrival of the Rural Police Inspector, The,52 Popova, Lidiia V., 10, 171 Last Journey,52 Popova, Liubov, 141 Pugachev Judges,41 popular press, 1, 148 Village Religious Procession at Easter, The, postcard, 1, 100, 106–107, 134, 148, 52 161–163, 179 Tsarevich Ivan Riding the Grey Wolf, poster, 1, 141, 163, 168, 173, 178–180, 133 182–187, 194, 205–206, 225–226 Peter I, Tsar pretender, 23, 33, 127–128 Diaghilev’s portrait exhibit of 1905, 106 professionalization of the arts, 16–17, 33, 50 Legend of How a Soldier Saved Peter the Wanderers and, 55–57 Great from Death,20–22 Prokofiev, Sergei, 1, 178, 231, 254–256 Peter I Interrogating Tsarevich Alexei Peter and the Wolf, 254 Petrovich in Peterhof, 208 Proletarian Writers Association, 191 portrayal in lubok,58 Proletkult, 183, 185, 193 satire in The Whistle 1906, 107 Pugachev uprising, 33 table of ranks, 51 Pugachev, Emelian, 39, 41 Vasily Surikov, 90 Pugni, Cesare, 28, 131 Petrograd House of Arts, 188, 218 Pullman, Philip, 171–172 Petrov, Evgeny, 10, 207 Pushkin, Alexander, 2, 26, 33, 38, 42, 85, Golden Calf, The, 247 112, 128, 135, 145, 174, 179, 228, 253 Twelve Chairs, The, 247 Captain’s Daughter, The,33 Petrov-Vodkin, Kuzma, 185, 236 Pyman, Avril, 104 Petrushka ballet, 125, 135–137, 140, 143–145 Quenot, Michel, 59 in Dead Souls, 137 Nijinsky in costume as, 139 Radlov, Nikolai, 207–208, 223, 236, puppet, 137 246–247, 260 puppet theater, 136 Rainbow (publisher), 171, 218, 224, 235 Pevear, Richard, 262 Rasputin, Grigory, 98, 111, 160 photograph Razin, Stepan (Sten’ka), 39, 74, 185 cabinet cards, 161 reading public, 25, 32, 49, 73, 112, 189, culture of celebrity and, 153 204 new technology of, 95–100 Ready, Oliver, 5 news, 107 Realism, 35, 62, 67, 75, 93, 101–104, 129, Rodchenko, Alexander, 170 146 postcards, 148 rebellion, 39–41 Picasso, Pablo, 180, 234 avant-garde and artistic, 151 Pinkerton, Nat Bandit Churkin and, 68 detective fiction, 154, 178 demon as emblem of artistic, 115 Platonov, Andrei, 10, 168, 256 forest as redoubt of, 134 Chevengur, 198 in Dostoevsky and Tolstoy, 42–43 folktales, 197 in Seagull, The,78 Foundation Pit, The, 198 Satirical journals and use of the demonic, Fourteen Little Red Huts, 198 110

328 Index

Red Cross Society of the Saint Eugenia, Scheijen, Sjeng, 126 106–115, 142, 151 Scythe (Kosa), 118 Red Pepper (Krasnyi perets), 173, 216 Seifrid, Thomas, 197 RE-MI (N. Remizov), 210–211, 213–216 Senelick, Laurence, 78 Remizov, Alexey, 141 serialization, 46–47, 70–72, 87, 209 Repin, Ilya, 52, 55, 113, 148, 216 Serov, Valentin A., 97, 106, 113, 143, 162 Alexander III Receives Peasant Elders in the 1905, After the Paciﬁcation, 118 Courtyard of the Petrovskii Palace in Severianin, Igor, 155 Moscow,90 Shaginian, Marietta, 194 Barge Haulers on the Volga, Sharp, Jane, 161 52–53, 77 Shattuck, Roger, 157 Calvary,56 Sheinberg, Esti, 203–204, 229 Christ,56 Shishkin, Ivan, 52, 55 Formal Session of the State Council, 106 Morning in a Pine Forest,54 Gogol Burning the Manuscript of the Second Shklovsky, Viktor, 45, 178 Part of Dead Souls, 113 Shmitanovskii, V. Ia., 40 Job and His Friends,56 Shostakovich, Dmitri, 5, 203, 235, 255 Mephistopheles, 113 Story about a Silly Little Mouse, A, Religious Procession in Kursk Province,52 227–229 Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks,52 Signal (Signal), 109, 172 Speech, 123 Signals (Signaly), 109 Cry of the Prophet Jeremiah on the Ruins of Sinclair, Upton, 170 Jerusalem, The,56 Sinyavsky, Andrei, 29, 231, 248 Revolution of 1905, 9, 79, 101, 136, 189 Slavophile, 24, 57, 100, 120 Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay, 128–129, 145 Slezkine, Yuri, 190, 199 Boris Godunov, 128 Socialist Realism, 10, 29, 112, 167–169, Koshchei the Deathless, 135 175–176, 191, 249, 256 Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh, The, Socialist Revolutionary Party, 97 141 societal obligations of art and artists Maiden of Pskov, The, 140 civic engagement, 80–82, 99 Polovtsian Dances, 135 as meta-theme, 7 Schéhérazade, 130 under Socialist Realism, 169, 176 Rishar, 29 as viewed by Ballets Russes, 146 Rivière, Jacques, 143 as viewed by Chekhov, 103 Rodchenko, Alexander, 10, 168, as viewed by Modernists, 100, 102–104, 170, 180 136 Roerich, Nicholas, 138–146, 155 as viewed by the Wanderers, 53 Rosenthal, Bernice Glatzer, 103, 111 Sologub, Fyodor, 79, 103 ROSTA Windows, 205, 226 Petty Demon, The, 104 Rovinskii, D. A., 24 Spark, The (Iskra), 36, 57 Rozanov, V. V., 23, 107, 177, 186, 201 Sparks (Iskry), 156–159 Rozanova, Olga, 141, 150 Splinters (Oskolki),68–72 Rubinstein, Anton, 115, 163 St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, 51, 105, Russian Art Nouveau, 104 139, 185, 236, 251 Russian Herald, The (Russkii vestnik),46–47 Stalin, Joseph Russian Museum, 57 Bulgakov and, 199 Russian Riches, 119 Eisenstein and, 194 Russian Word, 121 Grossman and, 266 Russo–Japanese War, 96, 102, 105, 107, Mandelstam and, 218 119, 148 Marshak and, 225 Meyerhold and, 191 Saint-Léon, Arthur, 28, 131 Monster Cockroach, The, and, 218 Saison Russe, 129 Platonov and, 197 Saltykov-Shchedrin, Mikhail, 55 Tolstoy, Alexei, and, 241 Satyricon (Satirikon), 116, 160, 210, 226 Stasov, Vladimir, 52–53, 55

Index 329

Steinberg, Mark, 98 Tolstoy, Leo Steiner, Evgeny, 171 Anna Karenina, 33, 40–48 Stepanova, Varvara, 141, 180 Confession, A,89 Stolypin, P. A., 98–99, 121 Fairytale of Ivan the Fool, The, Storm (Buria), 118 36 Stravinsky, Igor, 1, 6, 125–146, 151, Hadji Murat,88 230–231 Iasnaia Poliana,89 Ballets Russes, 125–146 Intermediary, The (publishing house), Renard, Le, 231–235 36, 88–90 Stray Dog Cabaret, 154, 160 Master and Man,89 Strugatsky, Arkady, 204 New ABC and Russian Books for Reading, Strugatsky, Boris, 204 172, 226 Struve, P. B., 119–122 Resurrection, 62, 80–92 success stories, 44, 164 Sevastopol Tales, 109 superfluous men, 44 War and Peace, 19, 33–36, 251 Suprematism, 179–182, 206, 263 What I Believe,89 Surikov, V. I., 90 What Is Art,88 Boiarynia Morozova,90 Tolstoy, Vladimir, 185 Morning of the Execution of the Streltsy, Tretyakov Gallery, 52, 208 The,90 Tretyakov, Pavel Mikhailovich, 52, 55–56, Suvorov Crossing the Alps in September 252 1799,86 Trotsky, Leon, 168, 186, 190, 194–195, Suvorin, Aleksei, 55, 75, 81–82, 91, 104 201, 218–219 Symbolism, 93, 102, 111, 149, 153 Tsarevich Ivan, the Firebird, and the Grey Sytin, I. D., 58, 89, 94, 252–253 Wolf, 25, 130, 133–134, 249 Tsekhanovskii, M. M., 227–229 Taruskin, Richard, 127, 130, 143–144, 234 Tsvetaeva, Marina, 10, 153, 168, 178, Tatlin, Vladimir, 10, 147, 149, 152, 168, 243–244 173, 179–181, 183–184, 225, 262 Turgenev, Ivan, 17, 33, 42, 44, 55, 73, 103, children’s literature, 10 175 First, Second, 262 Fathers and Children,57 Fishmonger, 152 influence on the Wanderers, 54 inspiration for Constructivism, 180 “Khor’ and Kalinich,” 53–54 Sailor, 149 “Mumu,” 250 support for revolution on aesthetic Sketches from a Hunter’s Album,3,53 grounds, 179 Turks, 40, 47 Tower (Monument to the Third International), 173, 184 Udaltsova, Nadezhda, 141, 184 work for Lunacharsky, 183 Universal Illustration (Vsemirnaia Taylor, Charles, 111 illiustratsiia),63–64, 90 Teffi (Nadezhda Aleksandrovna urbanization, 16, 19, 65, 93, 264 Lokhvitskaia), 160–161, 178 Uspensky, B. A., 23 Tenisheva, Princess Maria, 105, 113, 139, 145 Uspensky, E. N., 216 Timens, M., 236 Todd, William Mills, 70 Valéry, Paul, 102 Tolstoy, Alexei, 6, 10, 208, 231, 240–246 Valkenier, Elizabeth, 54 Aelita, 240 Vasnetsov, Iurii, 223, 236, 238, Bread, 241 253 “Count Cagliostro,” 240 Vasnetsov, Viktor, 25–27, 133–134, Little Golden Key or the Adventures of 252 Buratino, The, 243 Velikanova, Olga, 169, 175 Nikita’s Childhood, 240 Verbitskaia, Anastasiia, 96–100, 160, Peter the First, 240 178 Stalin’s favorite, 240 Voinovich, Vladimir, 265 threat against Mandelstam, 242 Volkov, A. M., 246–247

330 Index

Volkov, Solomon, 190 World of Art, 105–118, 134, 139, 145, 182, Voronsky, Aleksandr, 196 217, 224 Vrubel, Mikhail, 113–116, 126, 145 World War II, 167, 175, 221, 241, 260, Fallen Demon, The, 113–114 265–266 Seated Demon,79 Wortman, Richard, 23, 90

Wanderers, the, 16, 25, 28, 51–52, 90, 105, Yakunchikova, Maria V., 104 131, 133, 139, 149, 158, 208, 251–252 Yakushkin, P. I., 32 acceptance of, 52, 57 Chekhov and, 66 Zamiatin, Yevgeny, 10, 23, 168 origin of, 51–52 Zhukovsky, R. K., 28 portraits by, 55–56 Zhukovsky, V. A., 25, 135 portrayal of common people, 52–54, 62, 64 Zinoviev, Grigory, 189–190 portrayal of nature, 54 Zoshchenko, Mikhail, 168, 191–195, Tolstoy, Leo, and, 88 207–209 Turgenev and, 53 Before Sunrise, 195 Wandering Minstrel (Skomorokh), 111 “Devil,” 191 War Communism, 167, 177, 189 Merry Projects, 207 Wells, H. G., 170 Michel Siniagin, 195 Whistle, The (Gudok), 107–117 Sentimental Tales, 192 White Sea-Baltic Canal, The, 170, 241 skaz, use of, 193 Wolfe, Bertram, 188 “What the Nightingale Sang,” 192