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I ) SHAPE 57/67 NATO UNCLASSLR^ r Y NQ N HISTORY J» I r p* SCfPREME HEADQUARTERS ALLIED POWERS EUROPE L g y >0/, Ê 19S7 - _ _ [Jul_ IA VV SHAPE, 305o7sîïG^W By ...^^.,¾¾^. Date*? /¾¾ Hisfoncaï Office, OCOFS7 SHAPE H * THIS DOCUMENT CONSISTS CF 272 PAGES DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED y si:;;! 5§I BWISTi COHÏÏJJL 07 05 NATO CONnDCNTIAfc^ NATO UNCLASSIFiie SHAPE HISTORY 1957 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED NATO UNCLASSIFIED SHAPE 57 /67 DISTRIBUTION NO. OF COPIES OSACEUR 2 O DSA C EUR I OCOFS 1 OAIRDEP 1 ODNA 1 ODCLA 1 ODCPO 1 SP ASST INTAF 1 OSECY 1 ACOS PANDA 1 ACOS INTEL 1 ACOS PANDP 1 ACOS OPS 1 ACOS LOG 1 ACOS CANDE 1 CH BUDFIN 1 CH PID 1 PANDA (Central Registry) 2 Historical Section 2 Total 22 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED NATO UNCLASSIFIED NATO UNCLASSIFIED SHAPE 57 /67 FOREWORD The History of SHAPE is being prepared in a series of volumes of which the first three cover the periods of command of Generals Eisenhower, Ridgwayt and Gruenther. Volume I, for the Eisenhower' Command, and Volume II, for the Ridgway Command, have been issued. Volume III, which covers the Gruenther Command, is in draft form. Beginning with General Norstad1 s Command (end-1956), the History of SHAPE has been undertaken on a calendar year basis. This volume covers SHAPE History for the year 1957, and is being published simultaneously with the SHAPE History for 1958. Both volumes, which previously existed in draft form, are being issued to make available to members of the SHAPE Staff background information that is often needed for a valid recommendation or decision. Published volumes of the SHAPE History for 1959 and for the period 1960-1965 have been distributed within the SHAPE Staff and are available through the SHAPE Central Registry and Records Section, PANDA Division, SHAPE. Comments and suggestions for improvement of SHAPE Histories may be brought to the attention of the Historical Section, Office of the Secretary of the Staff, SHAPE. Brigadier General, US AF Secretary of the Staff 24 August 1967. DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED NATO UNCLASSIFIED j ! '••^.y VllIi w 'v..: H Ï; K-'JXJ à \j 3 rt^ SHAPE HISTORY 1957 INDEX Page CHAPTER I. 1 Review of General Norstad's Assumption of Command as SACËUR and Official Visits 1 SACEUR1 S Mission, Responsibilities and Powers . 2 Allied Command Europe 3 Major Subordinate Commanders 3 The SHAPE Staff 4 SACEUR1 s Force Situation 5 Impact of Events in Hungary and the Suez Area . 6 Problems of the Air Defense of NATO Territory . 7 Communications Problems 8 Intelligence Problems 8 Logistics Problems 9 CHAPTER II: POLICY and DIRECTION. 12 The Political Directive - Review of Proposals and Development of the Directive 12 The Political Directive - Final Version 16 Revision of Strategy Documents: MC 3/5(Final), MC 48(Final), MC 14/l(Final) 19 SGN's International Planning Teams' Reviews and Revisions 20 Review by Major NATO Commanders and National Military Authorities 23 Approval of New Policy Documents by the NAC ... 24 Alert Measures - Background 25 Negotiations with National Authorities on Alert Measures 26 SACEUR's Required Alert Measures - SHAPE/76/56 28 The Standing Group Report on SACEUR's Alert Measures - MC 67 (Revised) 29 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED New Negotiations with National Authorities on Alert Measures . 30 SACEUR's Emergency Defense Plan 1957 34 i • A SHAPE 57/67 NATO CONFIDENTIAL ) Page SACEUR's Atomic Strike Plan 34 Atomic Planning Policy 35 CHAPTER III: FORCES. 37 General Appraisal Based on 1956 Annual Review . 37 Basic Responsibilities of SACEUR's Shield Forces and Strike Forces 39 Problems of Centred. Europe Shield Forces .... 40 Echelon System for Shield Ground Forces 41 Annual Review Planning Guidance in 1957 43 The Results of the 1957 Annual Review 44 Military Committee Assessment of Annual Review, 1957 45 SACEUR1 s Combat Effectiveness Report 1956 ... 45 Special Problems - British Reduction in Forces . 48 SACEUR's Statements to NAC on UK Withdrawal . 50 Discussion of UK Reduction within the Western Eu- ropean Union 52 British White Paper on Proposed Withdrawals ... 52 SACEUR's Statement to the Standing Group on UK Withdrawals 54 Discussion in NATO Council of UK Withdrawals . 55 Belgian Reduction of Military Service . 55 Presentation of Proposals by MOD Belgium .... 56 Consideration of Belgian Proposals by the NATO Council 57 Build-up of the German Forces 59 Proposed Strength Goals and Turnover Dates ... 60 First Turnover of German Troops 61 Integration of German Air Force into ACE .... 61 The Schleswig-Holstein Problem . 62 Ground Atomic Delivery Forces 64 Year End Assessment 66 CHAPTER IV: The ACE MINIMUM FORCE STUDY, 1958-63. 68 Planning Guidance - General . 68 Planning for the German Accession to NATO. ... 69 ACE Capabilities Plan 1957 69 NATO Political and Economic Guidance ...... 69 Forces Available to SACEUR for Implementation of Strategic Concept 70 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED SACEUR's 1960-62 Study 71 Divergencies of SACEUR and SA OLANT Force Posture Studies 71 ii Briefing the Council after Soviet Satellite Launching and ICBM Claims 105 Cost of Maintaining ACE Forces 106 NAC Questions on the Minimum Force Study. ... 107 Mr. Spaak's Analysis of the Minimum Force Study's Impact on Planning Ill SACEUR1 s Replies to Questions raised by ChairmanNAC 113 Changes in Infrastructure Programs 114 Reactions of Major Subordinate Commanders . 116 Briefing Teams Visits to MSCs 117 Progress of MC 70 120 SHAPE Representatives Meeting with SGN in Washington D. C 121 SGN Consolidation of SACEUR, SACLANT and CINCHAN Studies (Preparation of MC 70) . 121 Validity of MC 14/2 (Revised) in Preparation of MC 70 123 CHAPTER V: TRAINING. 124 SACEUR's Terms of Reference Concerning Training 124 SHAPE Staff Duties Concerning Training of ACE Forces 124 Training Aims and Objectives of Exercises in Allied Command Europe 125 Commanders' Exercises Reports 126 Planning for Exercise STRIKE BACK 127 Modification of Exercise STRIKE BACK 127 Exercise Counter Punch. 128 ConclusionsdrawnfromCOUNTERPUNCH . 130 , » Recommendations made after COUNTER PUNCH - ! Communications 131 ! ExercisePLAYBACK 131 V Exercises BLUE ICE, BLIND EYE, and BROWN JUG 132 Exercise DEEP WATER 133 CPXVII 134 Air Defense/Atomic Strike Exercises 136 Discussions on Conducting Combined Joint Atomic and Air Defense Exercises 137 Establishment of Special Weapons Course at Oberammergau 138 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED ACE Readiness Test Program Proposals 139 Annual NATO Training Conference 140 iv MATO CQmnmmi SHAPE S'? / V7 NATO CONFIDENTIAL Page NAC Action on the SACEUR and SACLANT Force Studies 73 Re-Examination and Revision of Strategic Concept and Minimum Military Measures Documents ... 73 Planning and the Annual Review 74 Review of Infrastructure Programs Based on New Force Posture 74 Discussions of SGN with Major NATO Commanders on Guidance Based on pattern of Forces Study . 75 Issuance of Provisional Guidance to Nations .... 78 Revision of Force Study 79 Effect of British Reduction of Forces on 1960-1962 Papers 80 WEU Views on Concepts of Forces Posture .... 81 Assessment of Force Requirements Papers .... 82 ACOS PANDP's Report on Force Requirements Study 83 General Norstad Gives Gviidance for the Study ... 85 Assumptions for the New Studies 86 Deterrent Capabilities of SACEUR's Forces .... 87 Objectives and Priorities of Requirements 89 Continuation of Annual Review 90 DCPANDP Guidance 90 NAC Request for Replies by SACEUR to WEU Questions 90 SHAPE Staff Actions 91 SACEUR's Briefing of NAC at SHAPE 92 Questions by the National Representatives & SECGEN 93 Questions Raised by National Authorities of France and Germany 95 Progress of ACE Minimum Force Study 96 SACEUR's Appraisal of Minimum Force Study Development 97 New Concepts of ACE Tasks - Delay in Progress . 97 DCPANDP Proposals for Completion of Forces Study 98 DCPANDP Recommendations Concerning MSCs ... 99 Distribution of the Study 99 Progress Report on the Minimum Force Study by ACOS PANDP 99 SACEUR's Directives for Revisions 100 Briefing for Individuals Concerned in the Study ... 101 The Minimum Force Study for ACE 1958-63 is Published 102 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED Resumes of Contents of Vol. 1 by Chapters, and Vol. 2 by Annex Titles 103 iii . MTO co^oECTiAL' SHAPE 57/67 NATO CONFIDENTIAL Land Training Areas - Central Region 141 The Vogelsang - Elsenborn Training Area ... 143 CHAPTER VI: COMMAND STRUCTURE & ORGANIZATION. 144 General Background 144 Responsibilities of SACEUR and
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