Reporting Category 1 RM 44

Reporting Category 1 Lesson 12: Civil War RM 44 Influences on the Causes of the Civil War

You have been assigned one of the following roles to perform. As you read the assigned text, concentrate on your role and identify areas that relate to it.

• Political Analyst: Identify any political influences that related to causes of the Civil War, including government, political leaders, or military aspects of American life. • Economic Analyst: Identify any economic influences that related to the causes of the Civil War, including how people earned money and participated in trade and business. • Social Analyst: Identify any social influences that related to the causes of the Civil War, including the identification of people at all levels of society and how they interacted with each other.

Use the content frame below to record your information. To read and understand the text, use the Read-and- Say-Something strategy as modeled by your teacher.

Political Influences Economic Influences Social Influences

5Es OVER TEXAS SOCIAL STUDIES STAAR® PREPARATION, GRADE 7 © REGION 4 EDUCATION SERVICE CENTER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Reporting Category 1 Lesson 12: Civil War RM 45 Influences on the Causes of the Civil War Answer Key

Political Influences Economic Influences Social Influences

• Spread of slavery to new • Predominance of agriculture • Racial tension between blacks territories and slave labor and whites • Election of 1860 with new • Threat of higher tariffs; • Discrimination of blacks, both President Abraham Lincoln negative impact on consumer free and slave and the perception that he prices and agricultural imports • Slave population growing would end slavery and exports faster than free population by • Most Texans favored the • Growth of cotton industry 1860 Democrat party and opposed increased demand for slaves • Social classes based on the Republican president • Lack of industry wealth and race • Support of states’ rights over federal control • Secession of other states • Ordinance of Secession in February 23, 1861, supported by secessionists in Texas • Dred Scott shifted the balance of power to the states on the issue of slavery • John Brown’s raid encouraged Southerners to arm themselves in the face of a possible slave uprising • Balance of slave and free states in the Senate was changed after the Compromise of 1850 and the admission of California into the Union • “Bleeding Kansas”

______(Political, Economic, or Social)

You and your group members will prepare to debate other students about which influence was the most important cause of the Civil War: political, economic, or social. Support the same viewpoint as your role during the previous part of the lesson.

Follow these suggestions to help you prepare for the debate. Work with your group members to plan your arguments.

1. Look at all the information you recorded on the Causes of the Civil War handout.

2. List reasons why your viewpoint should be considered the most important influence on the causes of the Civil War. Use the space below to record your thoughts.

3. List reasons why the other two viewpoints are not as important as the one you support. Use the space below to record your thoughts.

4. Plan how you will convince others that you are right.

5. Practice your presentation. It should last no more than 1 minute.

Use available resources to complete the table below. Include important details about each significant individual or event.

John Bell Hood John Reagan

Francis Lubbock Thomas Green

John Magruder Battle of Galveston

Battle of Sabine Pass Battle of Palmito Ranch

John Bell Hood John Reagan Hood was the first commander of the Texas Reagan served as Postmaster General of the Brigade, or Hood’s Brigade. He was sent to Virginia Confederacy and as Texas’ Democratic Party to fight in 1862. The troops were distinguished leader. He was involved in the Cherokee War and in battle, leading to Hood’s promotion to major the battle that involved the killing of Chief Bowl. He general. Hood’s Brigade played an active role served as a Senator from Texas from 1859–1861, during the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863. Hood when Texas seceded from the Union. At the end of was wounded in his left arm, which he could no the Civil War, he was captured by Union troops and longer use. The brigade also fought in the Battle imprisoned in Boston. He wrote a public letter from of Chickamauga. Hood lost his right leg during that prison encouraging Texans to go along with the battle. He had to be strapped to his saddle in order requirements by the U.S. government to re-enter to ride, which he did during the battle to keep Union the Union. That view was not popular in Texas General Sherman from invading Georgia. at that time. After his imprisonment was over, he worked to restore political harmony and Democratic Party power in Texas as the state complied with the Reconstruction legislation. He was called by many the “Old Roman,” someone who had sacrificed for the good of his fellow Texans.

Francis Lubbock Thomas Green Lubbock was the first governor of Texas as a Green served as a Texas Confederate general Confederate government under Confederate during the Civil War. He led troops into New President Jefferson Davis. He joined the Mexico, defeating Union soldiers at Valverde but Democratic Party during the Nullification Crisis of losing at the Battle of Glorieta. He participated in 1832 and was active in the state party in the 1850s. the Battle of Galveston in January 1863. He led He served as lieutenant governor for one term. troops to victories during the Red River Campaign. After serving as governor, he served in the army He died during this campaign in April 1864. with Major General Magruder.

John Magruder Battle of Galveston Magruder served as a Confederate major general The Union wanted to capture Galveston and use during the Civil War and commander of Texas it as a base of operations during the Civil War. troops. He successfully led his troops during the Galveston was an important port for importing and Battle of Galveston on January 1, 1863, giving exporting cargo for the Confederate cause. The Texas temporary relief from the Union blockade. Union captured Galveston in October 1862 but lost Galveston remained in Confederate control until it as a result of the Battle of Galveston in January the end of the war. 1863.

Battle of Sabine Pass Battle of Palmito Ranch Union troops tried to invade the Confederacy This skirmish is considered to be the last land through the Sabine Pass, a narrow channel near battle of the Civil War. It took place in South the border of Texas and Louisiana. Confederate Texas near Brownsville, where the Confederacy troops under Texan Dick Dowling engaged the had relocated some import and export activity as Union ships. Two of the Union ships were sunk, a result of the Union blockades. At the time, the and no other ships attempted to sail into the Union controlled the port at Brownsville. The battle channel. took place on May 13, 1865, after the surrender at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, by the Army of the Northern Potomac to the Union. However, these troops had not yet received the news. The Confederates won the battle.

1 Which of the following headlines would have most likely appeared in a newspaper in 1861? A “Oil Discovered at Spindletop”

B “Texas Secedes from the Union”

C “LBJ Elected President”

D “Texans Massacred at the Alamo”

2 One reason Texas joined the Confederacy was — A Sam Houston supported secession

B Union troops attacked Galveston

C Lincoln was elected president

D Texans wanted to abolish slavery

3 “[declare slavery to be a] monstrous social wrong that [is not in agreement] with the Constitution of the United States which declared in emphatic terms that ‘all men are born free.’” —German Convention, San Antonio, 1854

The excerpt above represents German immigrants’ support of —

A abolition

B agriculture

C tariffs

D slavery

4 Which of the following best reflects an economic influence on the causes of the Civil War? A President Abraham Lincoln enacted the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863.

B Uncle Tom’s Cabin angered Northerners and caused many to join abolitionist groups.

C The Compromise of 1850 included a strict Fugitive Slave Act and ended slave trade in Washington, D.C.

D The southern states were mainly agricultural, while the northern states were mainly industrial.

Performance Assessment You are the leader of a historical society that has petitioned the legislature to erect a memorial for Texans who participated in the Civil War. Choose one of the following people that you think should be memorialized and write a paragraph explaining why he would be the best subject for the memorial. Include at least two historical facts about your choice to prove his importance.

• John Bell Hood • John Reagan • Francis Lubbock • Thomas Green • John Magruder