DOCSLIB.ORG

Fides Et Libertas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fides Et Libertas FOI ET LIBERTÉ FE Y LIBERTAD FÉ E LIBERDADE FAITH AND LIBERTY GLAUBE UND FREIHEIT FIDES ET LIBERTAS 2015 Religious Freedom & Human Solidarity: Living With Our Deepest Differences THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS LIBERTY ASSOCIATION FOI ET LIBERTÉ FE Y LIBERTAD FÉ E LIBERDADE FAITH AND LIBERTY GLAUBE UND FREIHEIT FIDES ET LIBERTAS 2015 Religious Freedom & Human Solidarity: Living With Our Deepest Differences 0U[LYUH[PVUHS9LSPNPV\Z3PILY[`(ZZVJPH[PVU 6SK*VS\TIPH7PRL :PS]LY:WYPUN4HY`SHUK <UP[LK:[H[LZVM(TLYPJH 7OVUL!-H_! ,THPS!0UMV'093(VYN>LIZP[L!^^^093(VYN International Religious Liberty Association Board of Directors Mikhail Kaminskiy Bert B Beach (USA) Erton Köhler Vice President Anatoly Krasikov Nelu Burcea (Romania) Ezra Lakra Deputy Secretary General Jairyong Lee Williams C Costa Jr (Brazil) Israel Leito Alberto de la Hera (Spain) Nicholas Miller Vice President Roland Minnerath Abner de Los Santos (Mexico) Paul S. Ratsara Vice President Ganoune Diop (Senegal) Blasious Ruguri General Secretary Gunnar Stålsett Karnik Doukmetzian (Canada) James D. Standish Vice President Glenn Townend Dan Jackson (Canada) Homer Trecartin Bettina Krause (Australia) Elie Weick-Dido Robert Kyte (Canada) Ted N C Wilson Dwayne Leslie (USA) Deputy Secretary General PANEL OF EXPERTS Denton Lotz (USA) Jean-Paul Barquon Vice President Jean Bauberot Rosa Maria Martinez de Codes (Spain) Bert B. Beach Vice President Barry W. Bussey Todd McFarland (USA) José Camilo Cardoso Legal Advisor Blandine Chelini-Pont G T Ng (Singapore) Hui Chen Daisy J F Orion (Philippines) Jaime Contreras Treasurer Pauline Cote Robert Seiple (USA) President Rajmund Dabrowski David Trim (UK) Derek Davis Jean-Arnold de Clermont Advisory Directors Alberto de la Hera Mario Brito Ganoune Diop Barry W. Bussey Chairman Ken Denslow W. Cole Durham W. Cole Durham Silvio Ferrari Eugene Hsu Alain Garay Orlan Johnson Timothy Golden Raafat Kamal T. Jeremy Gunn 2 International Religious Liberty Association Eugene Hsu Rafaat Kamal Amal Idrissi (Inter-European Region) Vaughn James Irineo Koch Anatoly Krasikov (West-Central Africa Region) Michael Kulakov Joel Okindo Natan Lerner (East-Central Africa Region) Dwayne Leslie Liviu Romel Olteanu David Little (Euro-North Africa Region) Denton Lotz James D Standish Rosa Maria Martinez de Codes (South Pacific Region) Todd McFarland Homer Trecartin Roland Minnerath (Euro-Middle East Region) Nicholas Miller Leon Wellington Liviu Olteanu (Inter-American Region) Gerhard Robbers Measapogu Wilson Jaime Rossell (Southern Asia Region) Robert Seiple Staff Henri Sobel Tad Stahnke Ganoune Diop Secretary General Gunnar Stalsett Dwayne Leslie James D. Standish Deputy Secretary General H. Knox Thames Nelu Burcea Rik Torfs Deputy Secretary General Mitchell Tyner Betting Krause Shauna Van Praagh Communication Director Gail Banner International Executive Assistant Representatives Helio Carnassale (South American Region) Jonathan C Catolico (Southern Asia-Pacific Region) Paul Charles (Southern Africa Region) Oleg Goncharov (Euro-Asia Region) MinHo Joo (Northern Asia-Pacific Region) 3 Declaration of Principles We believe that religious liberty is a God-given right. We believe that legislation and other governmental acts which unite church and state are contrary to the best interest of both institutions and are potentially prejudi- cial to human rights, and hold that religious liberty is best exercised where separation is maintained between church and state. We believe that government is divinely ordained to support and protect citizens in their enjoyment of natural rights, and to rule in civil affairs; and that in so doing, government warrants respectful obedience and willing support. We believe in the natural and inalienable right of freedom of conscience—to have or not have a religion; to adopt the religion or belief of one’s choice; to change religious belief according to conscience; to manifest one’s religion individually or in community with others in worship, observance, practice, promulgation, and teach- ing—subject only to respect for the equivalent rights of others. We believe that religious liberty also includes the freedom to establish and oper- ate appropriate charitable or educational institutions, to solicit or receive voluntary financial contributions, to observe days of rest and celebrate holidays in accordance with the precepts of one’s religion, and to maintain communication with fellow believers at national and international levels. We believe that religious liberty and the elimination of intolerance and discrimi- nation based on religion or belief are essential to promote understanding, peace, and friendship among peoples. We believe that citizens should use lawful and honorable means to prevent the reduction of religious liberty. We believe that the spirit of true religious liberty is epitomized in the Golden Rule: Do unto others as you would have others do unto you. 4 Statement of Purposes The purposes of the International Religious Liberty Association are universal and nonsectarian. They include: 1 Dissemination of the principles of religious liberty throughout the world; 2 Defense and safeguarding of the civil right for all people to worship, to adopt a religion or belief of their choice, to manifest their religious convictions in obser- vance, promulgation, and teaching, subject only to the respect for the equivalent rights of others; 3 Support for religious organizations to operate freely in every country through the establishment of charitable or educational institutions; 4 Organization of local, national, and regional chapters, in addition to holding seminars, symposiums, conferences and congresses around the world. Mission Statement The mission of the International Religious Liberty Association is to defend, protect and promote religious liberty for all people everywhere. 5 Fides Et Libertas The Journal of the International Religious Liberty Association 12501 Old Columbia Pike Silver Spring, Maryland 20904-6600, USA Phone: 301.680.6686 Fax: 301.680.6695 www.IRLA.org Ganoune Diop, Publisher and Editor Bettina Krause, Managing Editor Gail Banner, Production Assistant Lindsay Sormin, Graphic Design/Layout Editor :[H[LTLU[ZVMMHJ[PU[OPZPZZ\LVM-0+,:,;30),9;(:HYL[OVZLVM[OLH\[OVYZ HZ[OL`\UKLYZ[HUK[OLMHJ[Z;OL]PL^ZL_WYLZZLKI`[OLH\[OVYZHYL[OLPYV^U HUKKVUV[ULJLZZHYPS`YLWYLZLU[[OL0U[LYUH[PVUHS9LSPNPV\Z3PILY[`(ZZVJPH[PVU *VW`YPNO[0U[LYUH[PVUHS9LSPNPV\Z3PILY[`(ZZVJPH[PVU(SSYPNO[ZYLZLY]LK 7YPJL<: ;OPZWLYPVKPJHSPZPUKL_LKPU[OL(;3(9LSPNPVU+H[HIHZLYHWYVK\J[VM[OL (TLYPJHU;OLVSVNPJHS3PIYHY`(ZZVJPH[PVU:>HJRLY+Y:\P[L *OPJHNV03<:(LTHPS!H[SH'H[SHJVTO[[W!^^^H[SHJVT 0::5 7 Dedication Ambassador Robert A. Seiple is a man who is no stranger to awards and public praise. Over the past half century, he has received a vast range of honors acknowledging his service in many different fields. He is a decorated military veteran who served in the US Marine Corps, earning five Battle Stars, the Navy Commenda- tion Award, 28 Air Medals, and the Distinguished Flying Cross. As a humanitarian, including eleven years as President of World Vision, he received eight honorary degrees acknowledging his years of public service. He was awarded the 1994 “Churchman of the Year” award from Religious Heritage America, and the 1995 “Independent Award” from Brown University. As the United States’ first Ambassador-at- Large for International Religious Free- dom, he garnered wide commendation for his work of behalf of vulnerable groups around the world, and he was awarded the US Secretary of State’s “Distinguished Public Service Award.” In 2006, Ambassador Seiple received “The Abraham Kuyper Prize and Lecture” at Princeton Theological Seminary and the “Distinguished Ser- vice Award” from the International Center for Law and Religion at Brigham Young University. The list of awards goes on. However, for those of us who have been privileged to spend time with Ambas- sador Seiple, it is patently clear that, for him, these public acknowledgements are largely beside the point. In talking with him and hearing him speak—at both public events and in private conversations—it is obvious that he is driven instead by an immense compassion for suffering humanity, by an unwavering belief in the power of reconciliation and forgiveness, and by a personal ethnos that favors practicality over theorizing, and productive action over mere talk. The International Religious Liberty Association has been extraordinarily fortu- nate for almost two decades to have Ambassador Seiple as a supporter, counsellor, and guide. He has served for many years as a Vice President of our organization, and since 2007 has been our President, providing us with invaluable insights and advice. 8 Earlier this year he shared with me his desire to retire in order to free up more time for his family, although he graciously continued to serve as we undertook the dif- ficult task of finding his successor. We dedicate this volume of Fides et Libertas to Ambassador Seiple. The organiz- ing theme of this edition is “living with our deepest differences” and I believe no topic could be more apt in honoring our past president. I have witnessed many times his ability to connect with people from widely disparate circumstances; his ability to cut through divisiveness and to focus on common values and goals. Indeed, Ambas- sador Seiple’s life’s work has been defined by his efforts to bring people together—to break through barriers of ethnicity, rank, religion, and education to find the com- mon core of humanity that binds us all together. I wish
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Messmer High School from 1926-2001 Rebecca A
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Dissertations (2009 -) Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Projects Doctrina, Fides, Gubernatio: Messmer High School from 1926-2001 Rebecca A. Lorentz Marquette University Recommended Citation Lorentz, Rebecca A., "Doctrina, Fides, Gubernatio: Messmer High School from 1926-2001" (2010). Dissertations (2009 -). Paper 75. http://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/75 DOCTRINA, FIDES, GUBERNATIO: MESSMER HIGH SCHOOL FROM 1926-2001 by Rebecca A. Lorentz, B.A., M.A. A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Milwaukee, Wisconsin December, 2010 i ABSTRACT DOCTRINA, FIDES, GUBERNATIO: MESSMER HIGH SCHOOL FROM 1926-2001 Rebecca A. Lorentz, BA, MA Marquette University, 2010 In 1926, the Archdiocese of Milwaukee opened its first Diocesan high school, hoping thereby to provide Milwaukee‟s north side with its own Catholic school. By 1984 the Archdiocese claimed that the combination of declining enrollment and rising operating costs left it no option other than permanently closing Messmer. In response, a small group of parents and community members aided by private philanthropy managed to reopen the school shortly thereafter as an independent Catholic school. This reemergence suggested a compelling portrait of the meaning given to a school, even as ethnic, religious, and racial boundaries shifted. Modern studies tend to regard Catholic schools as academically outstanding
    [Show full text]
  • OVID and the APOTHEOSIS of ROMULUS.* Anne Gosling
    ACTA CLASSICA XLV (2002) 51-(,9 ISSN0065-IUI SENDING UP THE FOUNDER: OVID AND THE APOTHEOSIS OF ROMULUS. * Anne Gosling University ofNatal, Durban ABSTRACT A comparative reading of Ovid's accounts of the apotheosis of Romulus (Mer. 14.805-28 and Fasti 2.481-512) reveals significant echoes and variatious. Striking divergences from other sources (Cicero, Livy and Dionysius ofHalicamassus) are also apparent. Ovid shows no (overt) interest in the political background, suppresses Romulus' military aspect, and is more concerned with fabulous elements. Yet his own stylistic emphases. and a nexus of resonances between the Metamorphoses and Fasti, with echoes ofAen. 6.851-53 and Aen. 1.292-93, pointedly siluate Romulus in the civil sphere as lawgiver, an interesting perspective in the light ofAugustan propaganda and the inescapable elements of fraternal strife and murder in Rome's foundation legend. By ellipsis and allusion Ovid constructs an image of Romulus which interrogates the AUguSUln ethos WId connects with the wider themes ofthe Fasti, particularly the rejection ofmilitarism and the celebration ofthe arts of peace. Recent readings of Ovid's later poetry - Metamorphoses, Fasli and the poems of exile - have concentrated on two aspects in particular: the situatiou ofhis work within the broader historical and cultural context of the Augustan age, and his intertextual resonances with earlier and • An earlier version of this paper was read at the conference on Augustan Poetry and the Traditions ofAncient Histariography beld at the University of Durham from 31 August 10 3 September 1999. I am grateful to the University of Nata! for l\mding to enable me to attend this conference, and to the conference participants in Durham and in the Classics Graduate Colloquium at the University ofNata! in Durban for stimulating and challenging discussion.
    [Show full text]
  • Aristocratic Identities in the Roman Senate from the Social War to the Flavian Dynasty
    Aristocratic Identities in the Roman Senate From the Social War to the Flavian Dynasty By Jessica J. Stephens A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Greek and Roman History) in the University of Michigan 2016 Doctoral Committee: Professor David Potter, chair Professor Bruce W. Frier Professor Richard Janko Professor Nicola Terrenato [Type text] [Type text] © Jessica J. Stephens 2016 Dedication To those of us who do not hesitate to take the long and winding road, who are stars in someone else’s sky, and who walk the hillside in the sweet summer sun. ii [Type text] [Type text] Acknowledgements I owe my deep gratitude to many people whose intellectual, emotional, and financial support made my journey possible. Without Dr. T., Eric, Jay, and Maryanne, my academic career would have never begun and I will forever be grateful for the opportunities they gave me. At Michigan, guidance in negotiating the administrative side of the PhD given by Kathleen and Michelle has been invaluable, and I have treasured the conversations I have had with them and Terre, Diana, and Molly about gardening and travelling. The network of gardeners at Project Grow has provided me with hundreds of hours of joy and a respite from the stress of the academy. I owe many thanks to my fellow graduate students, not only for attending the brown bags and Three Field Talks I gave that helped shape this project, but also for their astute feedback, wonderful camaraderie, and constant support over our many years together. Due particular recognition for reading chapters, lengthy discussions, office friendships, and hours of good company are the following: Michael McOsker, Karen Acton, Beth Platte, Trevor Kilgore, Patrick Parker, Anna Whittington, Gene Cassedy, Ryan Hughes, Ananda Burra, Tim Hart, Matt Naglak, Garrett Ryan, and Ellen Cole Lee.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecce Fides Pillar of Truth
    Ecce Fides Pillar of Truth Fr. John J. Pasquini TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication Foreword Introduction Chapter I: The Holy Scriptures and Tradition Where did the Bible come from? Would Jesus leave us in confusion? The Bible alone is insufficient and unchristian What Protestants can’t answer! Two forms of Revelation What about Revelation 22:18-19? Is all Scripture to be interpreted in the same way? Why was the Catholic Church careful in making Bibles available to individual believers? Why do Catholics have more books in the Old Testament than Protestants or Jews? Chapter II: The Church Who’s your founder? Was Constantine the founder of the Catholic Church? Was there a great apostasy? Is the Catholic Church the “Whore of Babylon”? Who founded the Church in Rome? Peter, the Rock upon which Jesus built his Church! Are the popes antichrists? Why is the pope so important? Without the popes, the successors of St. Peter, there would be no authentic Christianity! Why is apostolic succession so important? The gates of hell will not prevail against it! The major councils of the Church and the assurance of the true faith! Why is there so much confusion in belief among Protestants? What gave rise to the birth of Protestantism? Chapter III: Sacraments Are sacraments just symbols? What do Catholics mean by being “born again” and why do they baptize children? Baptism by blood and desire for adults and infants Does baptism require immersion? Baptism of the dead? Where do we find the Sacrament of Confirmation? Why do Catholics believe the Eucharist is the
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Law and Love: Legal Terminology in Roman Elegy Caitlynn Cummings Abstract This paper analyses the use of legal terminology in Roman love elegy of the 1st century BCE. Catullus, Tibullus, and Ovid all employ this seemingly strange vocabulary in their love poetry for different ends, while also sharing some specific similarities. This legal vocabulary does not make these love poems stilted, dry, nor unemotional, but is used deftly and rather indicates an interesting layer of Roman concern and preoccupation. Love poetry has many vocabularies, but writing of love through legal terminology is not a common choice. The wild concept of love bound with a vocabulary of contract, obligation, and legal suits would seem to make this poetry stilted, unemotional, and removed, but instead these Roman elegists employ this language to a powerful effect. Catullus, Tibullus, and Ovid use legal terminology in their elegy for different ends. Catullus appropriates this contractual vocabulary because the social world of Rome as an obligatory system already has an extensive vocabulary that prizes concepts like fides,* which Catullus prizes fides in the sphere of love. Catullus uses legal terminology self-righteously to depict himself as the one wronged in his relationships partly because he believes that the gods are concerned with this contractual system of love. Conversely, Tibullus believes that the gods do not sanction this view of love as legally contractual and encourages lovers to perjure * Trustworthiness, honour, integrity. (All translations are my own.) Constellations Volume 1 No. 1 (Fall 2009) 7 frequently and freely. He uses legal terminology in order to separate the religious sphere from the contractual sphere and to undermine the contractual sphere’s gravity in its relations with the love sphere.
    [Show full text]
  • Theodore Harry Mcmillan Gellar
    SACRIFICE AND RITUAL IMAGERY IN MENANDER, PLAUTUS, AND TERENCE Theodore Harry McMillan Gellar A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Classics. Chapel Hill 2008 APPROVED BY: Sharon L. James, advisor James B. Rives, reader Peter M. Smith, reader © 2008 Theodore Harry McMillan Gellar ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Theodore Harry McMillan Gellar SACRIFICE AND RITUAL IMAGERY IN MENANDER, PLAUTUS, AND TERENCE (Under the direction of Sharon L. James) This thesis offers a systematic analysis of sacrifice and ritual in New Comedy. Sacri- fice normally signifies a healthy community, often celebrating a family reunification. Men- ander, Plautus, and Terence treat sacrifice remarkably, each in a different way. In Menander, sacrifice seals the formation of healthy citizen marriages; in Plautus, it operates to negotiate theatrical power between characters. When characters use sacrificial imagery, they are es- sentially asserting authority over other characters or agency over the play. Both playwrights mark habitual sacrificers, particularly citizen females, as morally upright. Terence, by con- trast, stunningly withholds sacrifice altogether, to underscore the emotional dysfunction among the citizen classes in hisplays. Chapter 1 sets sacrifice in its historical and theatrical context. Chapter 2 considers how sacrifice might have been presented onstage; chapter 3 examines its theatrical functions. Chapter 4 focuses on gender and status issues, and chapter 5 moves out from sacrifice to rit- ual and religion overall. iii τῷ φίλῳ καί µοι ἐγγυηκότι optimis parentibus iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have endless gratitude first of all for Sharon James, my advisor, mentor, and role model, without whom my thesis simply could not be.
    [Show full text]
  • Liberty and the People in Republican Rome Elaine Fantham Princeton University
    Liberty and the people in republican Rome Elaine Fantham Princeton University Why have I chosen to use our time together today on the theme of popular liberty at Rome? Certainly recent events have brought strongly to our minds the conflict between the values of liberty and security, but I do want to leave our present century behind, while concentrating on a value perhaps more talked about by politicians than interpreted. Many of us have at some time read and admired the monograph by Chaim Wirszubski, in which he carefully distinguished what the senatorial class meant by their own political liberty— freedom to govern—and that of the people, whose active exercise of liberty consisted largely in freedom to pass the laws recommended by their senatorial betters and to elect the magistrates whom the same elite governing class had kindly offered them. Instead I want to consider the personal liberty or free condition of the (adult male)Roman citizen, the man in the vicus: how it differed from that of non-citizens and slaves, and how he experienced the burdens and rights of citizenship. I have found one of the best guides is Claude Nicolet's le Métier de Citoyen, not least because Nicolet pays far more attention to the early and middle republic than most historians. But even Nicolet plays down the other aspects of citizenship when he discusses its implications in order to explain the half-way status Rome granted to the people of Caere, that is Roman citizenship without voting power. For myself I doubt that the power to vote, not just in elections but for legislation and in major popular trials, meant much to the average citizen: even if he lived near enough to come to the Comitium or the Campus, and could afford to leave his business untended, he would be voting in a mass unit which carried less weight than the many units of the elite knights and first class, a unit which might not even be called to vote if a majority had already been reached.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Roman Munificence: the Development of the Practice and Law of Charity
    Texas A&M University School of Law Texas A&M Law Scholarship Faculty Scholarship 3-2004 Ancient Roman Munificence: The Development of the Practice and Law of Charity William H. Byrnes IV Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation William H. Byrnes IV, Ancient Roman Munificence: The Development of the Practice and Law of Charity, 57 Rutgers L. Rev. 1043 (2004). Available at: https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar/421 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Texas A&M Law Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Texas A&M Law Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ANCIENT ROMAN MUNIFICENCE: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRACTICE AND LAW OF CHARITY William H. Byrnes, IV* INTRODUCTION This article traces Roman charity from its incipient meager beginnings during Rome's infancy to the mature legal formula it assumed after intersecting with the Roman emperors and Christianity. During this evolution, charity went from being a haphazard and often accidental private event to a broad undertaking of public, religious, and legal commitment. To mention the obvious, Rome was the greatest and most influential empire in the ancient world. It lasted more than a thousand years, traditionally beginning in 753 B.C. as a kingdom under Romulus.' In 509 B.C. it became a republic with permanent tyranny beginning in 31 B.C. under direction of the immortal Julius Caesar.2 The exact date of the end of * Professor and Director, Walter H.
    [Show full text]
  • Pudicitia: the Construction and Application of Female Morality in the Roman Republic and Early Empire
    Pudicitia: The Construction and Application of Female Morality in the Roman Republic and Early Empire Master’s Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Graduate Program in Ancient Greek and Roman Studies Professor Cheryl Walker, Advisor In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Ancient Greek and Roman Studies by Kathryn Joseph May 2018 Copyright by Kathryn Elizabeth Spillman Joseph © 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisors for their patience and advice as well as my cohort in the Graduate Program in Ancient Greek and Roman Studies. Y’all know what you did. iii ABSTRACT Pudicitia: The Construction and Application of Female Morality in the Roman Republic and Early Empire A thesis presented to the Graduate Program in Ancient Greek and Roman Studies Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Waltham, Massachusetts By Kathryn Joseph In the Roman Republic and early Empire, pudicitia, a woman’s sexual modesty, was an important part of the traditional concept of female morality. This thesis strives to explain how traditional Roman morals, derived from the foundational myths in Livy’s History of Rome, were applied to women and how women functioned within these moral constructs. The traditional constructs could be manipulated under the right circumstances and for the right reasons, allowing women to act outside of traditional gender roles. By examining literary examples of women who were able to step outside of traditional gender roles, it becomes possible to understand the difference between projected male ideas on ideal female morality, primarily pudicitia, and actuality.
    [Show full text]
  • The Belly and the Limbs: Reconsidering the Idea of a Plebeian “State Within the State” in the Early Roman Republic DISSERTAT
    The Belly and the Limbs: Reconsidering the Idea of a Plebeian “State Within the State” in the Early Roman Republic DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Gregory George Pellam, Jr. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: Professor Nathan Rosenstein, Advisor Professor Greg Anderson Professor Kristina Sessa Copyright by Gregory George Pellam, Jr. 2012 Abstract This dissertation offers a reevaluation of a long-standing model for the early history of the Roman Republic. Modern scholars have generally believed that the Roman plebs in the first two centuries of the Republic (roughly the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.) was essentially a revolutionary political organization, dedicated to increasing the rights and opportunities of plebeians and overthrowing the patrician monopoly over political, social, religious, and economic power. According to this model, a series of institutions which were dominated by patrician authority (the consulship, the senate, the centuriate assembly) represented the state, and the plebeian organization created its own institutions to mirror these (the tribunes and aediles of the plebs, and a plebeian tribal assembly). Further, the plebs established for itself an administrative center for its political activities on the Aventine hill. They even created their own cult center in the temple of Ceres, Liber, and Libera, to mirror the “state” cult of Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva on the Capitoline. This plebeian organization is often referred to in modern scholarship as a “state within the state”. It is shown, however, that the evidence for the plebeian “state within the state” does not stand careful scrutiny.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspects of Fides in Roman Diplomatic Relations During the Conquest of Iberia
    Fides Romana: Aspects of fides in Roman diplomatic relations during the conquest of Iberia. Sara Perley A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the degree of Master of Arts, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. January 2012. ABSTRACT This thesis examines the ideology and reality of fides in Roman international relations, using the conquest of Iberia as a case study. It seeks to show that despite the ideology, the self-belief in Rome’s cultural superiority and the competitive nature of the Roman state resulted in the disregard for the precepts of fides in martial diplomacy. The first chapter looks at the role of fides in domestic and international society and examines how the ethical principle of fides developed into a nationalistic ideology. The second chapter investigates Roman conduct during the conquest of Iberia from the second Punic war until Tiberius Gracchus established a treaty with the Celtiberi in 178 BCE in light of this ideology. The final chapter reviews the reality of fides in Roman action in both Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior during the Celtiberi and Lusitanian wars and the Roman quest for control. This discussion ultimately seeks to provide an analysis of fides in international diplomatic affairs and a justification of Rome’s choice of action in the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. It emerges that fides was a principle appealed to only when it served the ultimate goal of commanders and the Senate. However, when faced with the realities of war, fides was sacrificed for success and dominion. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge and thank all those people who have provided me with inspiration, support, and encouragement over the last 18 months.
    [Show full text]
  • Herod and Augustus: a Look at Patron-Client Relationships
    Studia Antiqua Volume 2 Number 1 Article 5 June 2002 Herod and Augustus: A Look at Patron-Client Relationships Robert D. Hunt Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/studiaantiqua Part of the History Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Hunt, Robert D. "Herod and Augustus: A Look at Patron-Client Relationships." Studia Antiqua 2, no. 1 (2002). https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/studiaantiqua/vol2/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Studia Antiqua by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Herod and Augustus: A Look at Patron–Client Relationships Robert D. Hunt The relationship between Augustus Caesar and Herod the Great typifies the patron–client relationship that Rome used as a system of foreign policy. This article explores their relationship: how it came about, its wider implications, and, most important, how this system can explain Rome’s ostensible “hands-off” policy regarding its client states. The scholarship on the relationship of ancient Judea with the Roman Empire can seem contradictory. When mentioning Judea, Roman historians correctly refer to Rome’s stringent “hands off foreign policy.” The kingdoms under Rome’s influence, Judea included, were autonomous, yet pledged loyalty to Rome. By con- trast, Near Eastern historians conclude that a “totalitarian” Roman Empire “invaded” Judea, using it as a satellite nation and buffer state. Any sovereignty was token and in name only. How can both these conclusions be correct? The answer lies in a peculiar system prominent in the ancient world and used by the Roman Empire: the patron–client relationship.
    [Show full text]