Brennan, Ruth
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UHI Thesis - pdf download summary What lies beneath probing the cultural depths of a nature conservation conflict in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland Brennan, Ruth DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (AWARDED BY OU/ABERDEEN) Award date: 2016 Awarding institution: The University of Edinburgh Link URL to thesis in UHI Research Database General rights and useage policy Copyright,IP and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the UHI Research Database are retained by the author, users must recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement, or without prior permission from the author. 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Oct. 2021 What lies beneath: probing the cultural depths of a nature conservation conflict in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland A thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Aberdeen Ruth Eileen Brennan LL.B. Trinity College Dublin MSc. Plymouth University 2015 Abstract On the island of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, the challenges and forces conditioning the community are natural and social. Buffeted by the Atlantic sea and perched at the periphery of the most westerly inhabited islands in Scotland, linguistically different to mainland Scotland, religiously distinct from much of the rest of the Hebrides and bearing the psychological legacy of nineteenth century Highland Clearances, this case-study illustrates how a social-ecological system responds to the dominant narrative of conservation in the marine policy environment. This thesis explores the cultural depths of a conflict between the local community and the Scottish Government around the creation of two marine Special Areas of Conservation (mSAC) off the coast of the island. Barra’s rich maritime heritage suggested the presence of embedded values that appeared to be colliding with values driving the mSAC designation process. Visual participatory methods were used to understand what 'conservation' means for the islanders and to find a way of connecting the worldviews of decision-makers with the marine environment lived and experienced by the local community. The story of Barra exposes the perils of isolating the human dimension of conservation and planning that ensures sustainable livelihoods from the natural ecosystem conservation dimension. It considers how challenging the dominant narrative of conservation through the articulation of competing realities can create space for different narratives to emerge. It provides insights into the role played by competing value systems in natural resource management and conservation conflicts. ii Declaration I, Ruth Eileen Brennan, confirm that the work submitted in this thesis is the result of my own investigation, except where otherwise stated. All quotations have been distinguished by quotation marks and the sources of information specifically acknowledged. It has not been accepted in any previous application for a degree. Name of Candidate: Ruth Eileen Brennan Date: 30 April 2015 iii Acknowledgements The length of these acknowledgements reflects the length of time it has taken me to complete this thesis. It has been quite a journey. First and foremost, I owe a huge debt of gratitude to the late Professor Laurence Mee, to whom this thesis is dedicated. Laurence was my mentor, friend and Director of Studies until his untimely death on 13 August 2014. His unwavering belief in me, and in this research, has been invaluable. As a mentor and teacher, Laurence was unparalleled. He was extraordinarily skilled at bringing forth realisations from within the student rather than simply imparting information to the student. Yet, at the same time, the breadth of his knowledge was so immense that just being around him meant that I was constantly learning, constantly being challenged, constantly being inspired. Laurence provided insightful (and often humorous) comments on various drafts of Chapters 1 to 5 of this thesis and his influence on my thinking has been considerable. However, one of the things I most appreciated about him was that he consistently encouraged me to find my own voice. While he never imposed his own views on this research, his effervescent nature has inevitably woven its way through these pages – Laurence was a man who bounded rather than walked. In January 2015, and on very short notice, Professor Frank Rennie took over the role of Director of Studies for the final stretch of this thesis. Frank devoted a considerable amount of his time to thoroughly reading and commenting on a lot of material in a very short space of time. His matter-of-fact approach helped me regain confidence in my work when it was at a low ebb. Frank’s attention to detail in commenting on all six Chapters of this thesis, and his unfailing ability to help me to put things into perspective, have been invaluable over the last four months. I am also grateful to my second supervisor, Dr Tavis Potts, for his friendship and for his constant support since August of last year. The comments provided by Tavis on several Chapters of this thesis consistently brought my focus back to the policy relevance of this research. I am deeply grateful to my family and friends for the emotional and practical support they have provided over the last five and a half years, particularly since April of last year. Maeve Bradley Wightman, Ruba Alobaidy, Mairi Stones, Annie Loughlin, Jane iv Dallas Ross, Lynne Goodall, Jitka Perinova, Erick Mauricia and Anna Crow gave me unlimited amounts of warmth, strength and reassurance, as did my family in Ireland. Branka Valcic and Lovro Valcic took great care of me in the Croatian Adriatic in the immediate aftermath of Laurence’s death. Several people provided invaluable practical help with this thesis. Maeve Bradley Wightman painstakingly retyped illegible appendices and merged five reference lists into alphabetical order. Tim O’Higgins created beautiful maps of Barra and provided helpful comments on Chapter 1. Thom Nickell helped me to track down obscure references, guided me in generating tables and graphs and always had answers for the countless questions I asked him. Andrea Nightingale introduced me to the feminist and political ecology literature on nature-society relations, inspired and challenged me to push my thinking further and was an important source of emotional support. Arlene Ditchfield provided practical advice and encouragement during the writing-up process. Kenny Black treated me to several morale-building lunches. Glen Smith pointed me towards useful references, provided insightful comments on Chapters 5 and 6 and proof read the entire thesis on very short notice. Suzi Billing’s pragmatism, insightful comments and encouragement helped me to complete Chapter 2 when I thought it had defeated me. Richard Dale put out several formatting fires during the final week and Lorna MacKinnon helped with binding on the day of submission. Sincere thanks to Vérène Nicolas for co-developing and leading the Make Your Voice Count workshop on Barra and for introducing me to Iain MacKinnon. I am grateful to Iain MacKinnon for inviting me to work on the Connecting Coastal Communities project, which provided the groundwork for creating Sgeulachdan na Mara/Sea Stories, an online cultural map of the sea around Barra. These two art-science collaborations with Stephen Hurrel have added an additional dimension to this research. I deeply appreciate Stephen’s professionalism, friendship and constant support since we started working together in 2011. This thesis would not exist without the people of Barra. I am indebted to all those who gave generously of their time and knowledge for this research and for the related Connecting Coastal Communities and Sgeulachdan na Mara/Sea Stories projects. I am particularly grateful to Domhnall Uilleam MacLeod, Roddy ‘Choy’ Nicholson, Gillian Hammill and Lachlan Douglas for their hospitality and to Donald Manford for his patience. Equally, I acknowledge the support of Marine Scotland v and Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) for this research. Michael MacLeod (Marine Scotland) and David MacLennan (SNH) were extremely forthcoming and generous with their time, and always open to new ideas and approaches. This work received funding from the MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland) and their support is gratefully acknowledged. MASTS is funded by the Scottish Funding Council (grant reference HR09011) and contributing institutions. Funding for the fieldwork carried out during the course of this research was provided by the National Trust for Scotland (NTS). I particularly acknowledge Richard Luxmoore (NTS) for