Au Pays Des Basotho

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Au Pays Des Basotho L’ AUTEUR – Le père Eugène Lapointe, omi, na- Studia 7 quit au Canada le 8 mai 1932. Il entra chez les Missionnaire Oblats de Marie Immaculée en 1953 et obtint son obédience pour la mission du Lesotho de 1960 à 1996 où il travailla d’abord Oblatio comme missionnaire dans les montagnes, de- Oblatio Studia 7 vint supérieur du Scolasticat Oblat, puis pro- fesseur au Séminaire St-Augustin de Roma. Il enseigne à l’Université St-Paul, Ottawa, à l’Ins- titut des sciences missionnaires de 1988 à 1998 et finalement rend service à quelques réserves autochtones pendant 12 ans. Présentement, il est chercheur aux Archi- ves Deschâtelets de la Province de Notre-Dame du Cap et historien de la Congrégation. Il compte parmi ses publications les ouvrages suivants: Une expérience pastorale en Afrique australe, Paris, l’Harmatan, 1985; Correspondance entre François Laydevant et Albert Perbal : 1927-1952, Dialogue du Missionnaire et du Missiologue, Leiden, New York, Köln, E. J. Brill, 1994; À ce monde aimé de Dieu proclamer l’Évangile, Mon- tréal, Paris, Médiaspaul, 1997; Communauté chrétienne, Montréal, Paris, Histoire du Lesotho et de son Église Médiaspaul, 2000; Alexandre Antonin Taché : Fondateur de la mission oblate dans l’Ouest canadien, Archevêque de Saint-Boniface,1823-1894, Rome, Missionarii OMI, 2016. LE L IVRE : Un effort de repenser l’histoire des Basotho, à la lumière de ce que l’au teur a découvert en travaillant avec eux au cours des trente-six ans. Le livre se présente comme une série de flashes: celle de Moshoes- hoe, fondateur de la nation des Basotho, symbole, modèle, héros et, en un sens, résu mé de tout l’ensemble; l’origine du pays, sa géographie, son peuple et sa culture; la naissance et l’autonomie de l’Église dirigée par ses propres leaders et l’indépendance civile du pays en 1966. La conclusion Au pays des Basotho – Eugène Lapointe est un retour symbolique à la forteresse de Moshoe shoe de la montagne de Thaba Bosiu, elle qui permit aux Basotho de résister à tous leurs enne- mis qui désiraient les conquérir. Au pays des Basotho Histoire du Lesotho et de son Église Eugène Lapointe Missionarii OMI Studia 7 Oblatio Eugène Lapointe Au pays des Basotho Histoire du Lesotho et de son Église Missionarii OMI Oblatio Studia / 7 Supplemento a Oblatio, VI-2017/1 Direction / Editor / Editor: General Service for Oblate Studies - Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate. Via Aurelia 290 – 00165 Roma, Italia e-mail: [email protected] website: www.omioblatio.org Direttore responsabile: Fabio Ciardi Registrato presso il Tribunale di Roma Finito di stampare nel mese di luglio 2017 dalla Tipografia Arti Grafiche La Moderna Via Enrico Fermi, 13/17 - 00012 Guidonia (Roma) La photo de couverture provient des Archives générales OMI de Rome. Oblatio Studia 1. Yvon Beaudoin, Fernand Jetté. Un guide sage dans un temps de crise, 2012, 156 p. English pdf version: http://www.omiworld.org/oblatio/stu- dia.sp?STID=8 2. Paweł Zając (Ed), From the French Révolution to the New Evangelization - Eugene de Mazenod and his charism between XVIII and XXI century / De la Révolution française à la nuovelle évangélisation, 2013, 280 p. 3. Joseph T. LaBelle, Truly Apostolic Men. Apostolic Life in the Early Ministry of Saint Eugene de Mazenod, 2014, 204 p. 4. Abel Nsolo Habell, Notre Mère. Marie Immaculée dans la vie et les écrits de saint Eugène de Mazenod, 2015, 284 p. 5. Michel Courvoisier, The Origins of the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate, 1812-1818, 2015, 276 p. 6. Paweł Zając (Ed), To the Ends of the Earth. A History of Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate, 1816-2016. A Documentary Sourcebook, 2016, 840 p. Avant-propos e titre choisi pour l’ouvrage qu’on présente ici au lecteur, contient l’expression “Église des Basotho”. Par ce terme, on désigne Ld’abord l’Église catholique, celle à laquelle appartient l’auteur de ces lignes, mais on n’exclut pas a priori les autres entités chrétiennes, comme l’Église Réformée de France de la tradition calviniste qui fut la pre mière à arriver au Lesotho en 1833. C’est grâce à elle si la lan- gue du pays fut écrite et que furent déchiffrés les principaux éléments de la culture des Basotho par des Occidentaux. On n’exclut pas non plus l’Église d’Angleterre des Anglicans qui, déjà dans les années mille huit cent cinquante, fut la première à ordonner un prêtre Mosotho, Jere­ miah Libopuoa, un des fils de Moshoeshoe. Converti à l’anglica nisme, il se rendit en Angle terre pour y poursuivre ses études théo lo giques, mais mourut soudainement (de pneumonie, semble­t­il) et fut inhumé près d’une église à Shropshire où l’on peut y voir son tombeau encore aujourd’hui. On n’ex clut pas non plus les autres petites enti tés ecclé­ siales de type “pentecostal” et indépendantes qui se sont multipliées dernièrement. On pourrait dire quelque chose d’à peu près semblable, mutatis mutandi, au sujet des autres religions et de ceux et celles qui Avant-propos se disent sceptiques ou athées. Ils sont nos frères et nos sœurs; l’Es prit l souffle où il veut et de la manière qu’il le veut. Qui sommes­nous pour 5 juger de la per tinence des actions de Dieu en nous et autour de nous l dans le monde ? * * * Trente­six ans au Lesotho. Voilà la période de temps où l’auteur de ces lignes y a vécu, années exaltantes, pleines de péripéties et de décou vertes. Après avoir commencé l’étu de de la langue et les éléments princi- paux de la culture des Basotho pendant quelques mois, ses su pé rieurs l’en voyèrent dans la montagne à plus de 8 300 pieds d’altitude pour y ac com plir le minis tère pres by té ral à la mission1 de ‘Ma Mo hau (ha Lejone, diocèse de Leribe). En même temps, il de vait y terminer la cons truction d’un petit hôpital de 40 lits, com men cé par le père Phi lippe Boisvert, o.m.i.2, et accueillir le premier médecin ca tholique, ori ginaire de la Suisse, venu y ré sider, Dr Ber tha Hardegger, de qui on a dit avec humour qu’elle che vau chait dans les mon tagnes vingt­cinq heures par jour pour visiter les malades, dispersés dans les petits vil lages les plus é loi gnés du centre du pays ! Elle était arrivée au Lesotho en 1937 et avait con tribué à l’établissement d’un hô pital à Paray (ha Ntaote) et y avait exercé sa profession depuis ce temps­là. Pour organiser un transport adéquat, il trace jusqu’à sa mission dans les montagnes du Lesotho, qu’on dit inaccessibles, une route pra­ ticable pour des camions à quatre roues motrices. Jusque­là, le trans port de la mission se faisait à dos d’ânes et de mulets. Il peut donc en plus de l’hô pital bâtir une église en blocs de béton. Après sept ans de travail dans cette mission, on le nomme supérieur du sco lasticat3 des Oblats à Roma où, en même temps, il enseigne la philosophie et la théologie de l’après­Concile Vatican II. Les responsables de la Congrégation des Oblats au Lesotho voulaient pour la formation des sco las tiques quel­ qu’un qui avait l’expérience pratique de la mission. Au scolasticat, il en profite pour participer au mouvement œcu- ménique du pays. Il reçoit les candidats angli cans à la prêtrise pendant Eugène Lapointe deux ans en attendant qu’ils puissent eux­mêmes bâtir leur propre sé­ l mi naire et il accepte une fois ou l’autre de prêcher dans leur chapelle. Il 6 participe également à un atelier d’une semaine à Genève où il ren contre l 1 Au Lesotho, le mot “mission” signifie le lieu central d’un territoire à évangéliser et où demeure le mission naire. Par exemple, la mission de ‘Ma Mohau dont nous par- lons ici est le poste central autour duquel gravite une dou zaine de sta tions ou postes Studia 7 secondaires sur quelques soixante­dix milles le long de la rivière Mali bamatso, une source principale du fleuve Orange en Afrique du Sud et que le prêtre doit visiter régu- lièrement. Ce n’est pas tout à fait satisfaisant du point de vue missiolo gique, car selon l’étymologie le mot signifie “envoi” et réfère d’abord au Christ envoyé par le Père dans le monde annoncer le Royaume auquel le mission naire hu main participe à la suite de Jésus. Nous continuerons à utiliser le terme comme il est compris au Lesotho, tout en sachant qu’on devrait s’efforcer de trouver un terme plus pertinent. 2 Abréviation pour Oblat de Marie Immaculée. 3 Équivalent d’un grand séminaire chez les Oblats. On y enseigne la phi losophie, la théologie et la pastorale en vue des futurs prêtres. et prend part à la liturgie des Vieux Catholiques4. À Roma, il a la chance de ren contrer le pasteur Thutu avant sa nomination comme évêque an- glican du Lesotho, puis de Johannesburg et finalement de Cape Town, et de connaître sa femme et ses enfants. Mgr Thutu avait enseigné à l’U ni versité du Lesotho, fondée par les Oblats en 1945 sous le titre de Col lège Universitaire Pie XII. En 1974, après les six ans cou tu miers de supé riorat et l’ordination d’une vingtaine de prêtres oblats du Lesotho et de l’Afrique du Sud, il retourne dans la montagne dans le même diocèse (Leribe), où il avait œuvré au début.
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