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Exegesis and Expositoin of First John 1:3-4

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Exegesis and Expositoin of First John 1:3-4 EXEGESIS AND EXPOSITION OF FIRST JOHN 1:5-6 Pastor William E. Wenstrom Jr. WENSTROM BIBLE MINISTRIES Marion, Iowa 2016 William E. Wenstrom, Jr. Bible Ministries Exegesis and Exposition of First John 1:5-6 First John 1:5 The Message from the Lord 1 John 1:5 This is the message we have heard from Him and announce to you, that God is Light, and in Him there is no darkness at all. (NASB95) “This is the message we have heard from Him” is composed of the following: (1) conjunction kai (καί), which is not translated (2) third person singular present active indicative form of the verb eimi (εἰμί), “is” (3) nominative feminine singular form of the demonstrative pronoun houtos (οὗτος), “this” (4) articular feminine singular form of the noun angelia (ἀγγελία), “the message” (5) accusative feminine singular form of the relative pronoun hos (ὅς), which is not translated (6) first person plural perfect active indicative form of the verb akouō (ἀκούω), “we have heard” (7) preposition apo (ἀπό), “from” (8) genitive third person masculine singular form of the intensive personal pronoun autos (αὐτός), “Him.” The conjunction kai is marking a transition from the prologue to John’s first new major topic of discussion, which deals with the requirements or conditions that the believer must meet in order to experience and enjoy fellowship with a God who is perfect in character. The demonstrative pronoun houtos means “this” and is kataphoric meaning that it is pointing to the declarative statement which follows it, namely, hoti ho theos phōs estin (ὅτι ὁ θεὸς φῶς ἐστιν), “God is light.” This word functions as the nominative subject here in 1 John 1:5 even though the noun angelia, “the message,” has the definite article which would mark this word as the subject. However, the pronoun has greatest priority. It will be the subject regardless of what grammatical tag the other substantive has. The noun angelia can mean, “message, announcement, report, news, proclamation” and signifies the act of declaring. The content can be good or bad, negative or positive. The force of the word could strengthen and angelia could include the idea of a “command, order,” or “decree.” The classical writers from Homer onwards use it during the eighth century B.C. Curiously, the word angelia was the personified daughter of Hermes who was the messenger of gods and the patron of land travel, heralds, commerce, weights and measures. The noun angelia appears only 13 times in the Septuagint where it is used to translate four different Hebrew terms: (1) Davar, “word” (Prv. 12:25). (2) Ta`am, “judgment” (Prv. 26:16). (3) Shemu`ath, “a report” (1 S. 4:19; Is. 28:9). (4) Shema, “hearing” (Na. 3:19). Of these 4 words, the noun angelia translates shemu`ath 2016 William E. Wenstrom, Jr. Bible Ministries 1 which means “news, report.” This news or report can be bad (1 K. 4:19) or simply a rumor with ill effects (4 K. 19:7) and of course it can be positive (Prov. 12:25; 25:25). The noun angelia appears only twice in the Greek New Testament (1 Jn. 1:5; 3:11). Louw and Nida define word “the content of what has been announced— ‘message, announcement.’1 BDAG lists the following meanings “(1) message (Jos., Ant. 17, 332, Vi. 380; TestNapht 2:1) gener. ἀ. ἀγαθή (Pr 12:25; 25:25) good news Hv 3, 13, 2; of the gospel 1J 1:5, with content indicated by a ὅτι-clause. (2) instruction, directive to love one’s fellow-members in Christ 3:11, w. ἵνα foll.—DELG s.v. ἄγγελος. M-M. TW.2 The noun angelia in the context of 1 John 3:11 refers to the “command” given to all believers to love one another in the manner that God has loved the believer through the Person and Work of Christ. Here in 1 John 1:5 the noun angelia refers to the “the message” that the apostles received from the Lord Jesus Christ regarding the holiness of the Father, which is expressed by the figure of light. It is referring to the declarative statement to follow which asserts that God is light. The word ἀγγελία here is closely equivalent to εὐαγγέλιον (euangelion): (1) it refers to the proclamation of the eyewitness testimony about the life and ministry of Jesus Christ as proclaimed by the author and the rest of the apostolic witnesses (prologue, esp. 1:3–4), and (2) it relates to the salvation of the hearers/readers, since the purpose of this proclamation is to bring them into fellowship with God and with the apostolic witnesses (1:3).3 As we noted earlier, the articular construction of the noun angelia does not mark this word as the nominative subject since the pronoun always takes priority in these constructions. The article is kataphoric meaning that the word points to something in the text that immediately follows. Here it is pointing to the hoti declarative statement which follows, hoti ho theos phōs estin (ὅτι ὁ θεὸς φῶς ἐστιν), “God is light.” 1 Louw, J. P., & Nida, E. A. (1996). Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament: based on semantic domains (electronic ed. of the 2nd edition., Vol. 1, p. 409). New York: United Bible Societies. Jos. Jos. = Josephus. This abbr. used when follow by title; I A.D.—Lists 5 TestNapht TestNapht = Testament of Naphthali, s. Test12Patr—List 2 gener. gener. = generally Hv Hv = Visions foll. foll. = followed, following DELG DELG = PChantraine, Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque—List 6 s.v. s.v. = sub voce (under the word, look up the word) M-M M-M = JMoulton/GMilligan, Vocabulary of Greek Testament—Lists 4, 6 TW TW = Theologisches Wörterbuch zum NT; tr. GBromiley, Theological Dictionary of the NT—List 6 2 Arndt, W., Danker, F. W., & Bauer, W. (2000). A Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature (3rd ed., p. 8). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 3 Biblical Studies Press. (2005). The NET Bible First Edition; Bible. English. NET Bible.; The NET Bible. Biblical Studies Press. 2016 William E. Wenstrom, Jr. Bible Ministries 2 The article is also indicating that this proclamation that God is light is well- known to John’s readers and all Christians of the first century. The noun angelia is functioning as a predicate nominative meaning it is making an assertion about the subject which is the demonstrative pronoun houtos which as we noted is kataphoric pointing to the declarative hoti statement which follows it, hoti ho theos phōs estin (ὅτι ὁ θεὸς φῶς ἐστιν), “God is light.” Therefore, the noun angelia is making the assertion that this message that God is light was communicated to him and his fellow disciples by the Lord Jesus Christ and was being communicated by him in this epistle to the recipients of this letter. The verb eimi means “to be identical with” and functions as a copula placing the subject houtos, “this” and the predicate angelia, “the message” in predicate relation to each other and is serving to unite these two words. Thus, these two words are referring to the same thing. They both refer to the hoti clause which follows them. Therefore, the verb eimi denotes that the message that God is light which John and his fellow disciples received from the Lord Jesus Christ directly is equivalent or identical to the message he was now communicating in writing to the recipients of this epistle. The present tense of this verb is a customary or stative present which is used to signal an ongoing state. This would indicate that the message that God is light which John and his fellow disciples received from the Lord Jesus Christ directly exists in the state or condition of being equivalent or identical to the message he was now communicating in writing to the recipients of this epistle. The active voice of this verb is a stative active voice which indicates the subject exists in the state indicated by the verb. This would indicate that the message that God is light which John and his fellow disciples received from the Lord Jesus Christ directly exists in the state or condition of being equivalent or identical to the message he was now communicating in writing to the recipients of this epistle. The indicative mood of the verb eimi is declarative presenting this assertion as a non-contingent statement. The relative pronoun hos is anaphoric meaning that it refers back to its antecedent in the sentence, which is the articular nominative predicate nominative hē angelia, “the message” since they agree in number (singular) and gender (feminine). It is in the accusative case rather than the nominative case because it is functioning as the direct object of the verbs akouō, “we have heard” and anangellō, “announce.” As was the case in 1 John 1:1 and 3, the verb akouo here in 1 John 1:5 refers to the act of hearing but here in 1 John 1:5 the apostle John employs the verb in relation to the assertion that God is light. 2016 William E. Wenstrom, Jr. Bible Ministries 3 The first person plural form of the verb refers to John and the surviving disciples of Jesus Christ living at the time John wrote this epistle in the final decade of the first century. The perfect tense of the verb akouō is a consummative perfect tense which is used to emphasize the completed action of a past action or process from which a present state emerges. Here it emphasizes the completed process of John hearing enough of this message from the Lord that God is light [completed action] to make a reliable report to the recipients of this letter.
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