J. Edgar Hoover and the "Red Summer" of 1919 Author(s): Mark Ellis Source: Journal of American Studies, Vol. 28, No. 1 (Apr., 1994), pp. 39-59 Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the British Association for American Studies Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27555783 . Accessed: 26/08/2011 11:12 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact
[email protected]. Cambridge University Press and British Association for American Studies are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of American Studies. http://www.jstor.org J. Edgar Hoover and the "Red Summer" of 1919 MARK ELLIS J. Edgar Hoover directed the Bureau of Investigation (BI), later renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation, from 1924 until his death in 1972. His autocratic style of management, self-mythologising habits, reactionary political opinions and accumulation of secret files on real, imagined and potential opponents have been widely documented. The views and methods he advocated have been variously attributed to values he absorbed as he grew up and to certain peculiarities of his personality. Most to biographers trace his rapid rise to prominence in the BI his aptitude for investigating alien enemies during World War I, and radicals during the subsequent Red Scare.