one

MESSENGER a Year . Fifteen Cents a Copy . DECEMBER , 1922 . $ 1.50

Copyright , 1922 , by Messenger Publishing Co. , Inc.

The Mirrors of Harlem

Reflecting : William Pickens John E. Bruce T. Thomas Fortune George W. Harris By FLOYD J. CALVIN

4 INTERNATIONAL SCABBING By Chandler Owen

34

A Symposium on Garvey By Negro Leaders 536 TV 2MES'S ENGER [ December, 1922 .

STATEMENT OF , OWNERSHIP MANAGEMENT, CIRCU . LATION , ETC. , REQUIRED BY THE ACT OF Royal Theatre CONGRESS OF AUG . 24 , 1912 . Of the , MESSENGER published monthly at New York , N. Y. , for October 1, 1922 . 15th & SOUTH STS . State of New York . County of New York . PHILADELPHIA Before , Notary me a Public in and for the State and county , aforesaid personally appeared Chandler Owen , , having who been duly sworn according to law , deposes says The Most Handsome Colored and that he is the Editor of the MESSENGER , and that the following is , to the best of his knowledge , and belief a true statement of the ownership , manage Photoplay House in daily ment ( and if a paper , the circulation ) , etc. , of the aforesaid publication for the date . shown in the above America caption , required by the Act of August 24 , 1912 , embodied , in section 443 Postal Laws and Regulations , printed on the reverse of this form , to wit :

1. That the names and addresses of the publisher , editor , managing editor , and business managers are : , Publisher The Messenger Publishing Co. , Inc , 2305 7th , Avenue New York ; Editor , A. Philip Randolph , 148 West 142nd Street , New York ; Managing Editor , Chandler Stands in a class by itself in Philadelphia . Owen , 103 West 141st Street , New York ; Business Man agers , None . Prominent for the high class Photoplays shown here and the high grade music fur 2. That the owners are : ( Give names and addresses of nished by our $30,000 Moller Organ . individual owners , or , if a corporation , give its name and the names and addresses of stockholders owning or holding 1 per cent or mo of the total amount of stock .) Messenger Publishing Co. , Inc. , 2305 7th Avenue , New York ; A. Philip Randolph , 148 West 14t2nd Street , New CO -OPERATION York ; Chandler Owen , 103 West 141st Street , New York ; Robert Godet , 32 West 136th , ; For information on organizing " treet New York Victor R. Daly , 261 West 134th Street , New York . co -operative societies apply to CO - OPERATIVE LEAGUE OF AMERICA 3. That the known bondholders , mortgagees , and other security owning holding 167 West 12th Street New York holders or 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds , mortgages , or other securities are : ( If there are none , so state . ) None .

4. That the two paragraphs next above , giving the names of the owners , stockholders , and security holders , THE MESSENGER if any , contain not only the list of stockholders and secur ity Published Monthly by the holders as they appear upon the books of the com MESSENGER PUBLISHING CO ., Inc pany but also , in cases where the stockholder or security appears upon Main Office : 2305 Seventh Avenue , New York . holder the books of the company as trustee or in any other fiduciary relation , the name of the person Telephone , Morningside 1996 or corporation for whom such trustee is acting , is given ; $1.50 per Year 1bc. per Copy also that the said two papagraphs contain statements em 1446 bracing knowledge $2 Outside U. S. LTDOWNCOUNG? 2ue. Outside U. S. affiant's full and belief as to the cir. cumstances and conditions under which stockholders and security holders who do appear upon VOL . IV . DECEMBER , 1922 . No. 12 . not the books of the company as trustees , hold stock and securities in a capac ity CO N T E N TS other than that of a boada fide owner ; ; and this affiant has no reason to believe that any other person , associa , corporation any I. EDITORIALS 537 tion or has interest direct or indirect in said stock , bonds , or other securities than as so stated 2 . ECONOMICS AND POLITICS . 540 by him . 3. BOOK REVIEWS 542 5. That the average number of copies of each issue of 4 . EDUCATION AND LITERATURE 543 this publication sold or distributed , through the mails or 5. Who's W10 545 otherwise , to paid subscribers during the six months pre 6. OPEN FOR 547 ceding the date shown above is ( This informa tion is required from daily publications only .) Entered as Second Class Mail , July 27, 1919 , at the Post Office at New York , N.Y. , under Act of March 3, 1879 . CHANDLER OWEX . Vgr. Editor , Sworn to and subscribed before me this 9th day of Editors : October , 1922 . A. PHILIP RANDOLPH CHANDLER OWEN My expires , Assistant Editor : ( commission March 30 1923 . FLOYD J. CALVIN KENNETH DUNCAN . Contributing Editors : New York Co. Register's No. 4443 . GEORGE FRAZIER MILLER W. A. DOMINGO Clerk's No. 240 . December , 1922. ] THE MESSENGER 537 Editorials

ANOTHER PONZI —GARVEY BUBBLE BURSTS the British “ rotton borough ” elections system afhrm party FOUR ihat the Labor would have returned many more RECEIVER TAKES OTHER proportional representation PIGGLY WIGGLY CONCERNS were there in Great Bri

tain . As it is Labor increases its number from some , 70 to 142. a to say the least . Liabilities of the Five Estimated at odd Quite stride Some brilliant labor figures were elected , including Sidney $1,890,000— Promoter Elliot Has

J. Ramsey . Breakdown Webb and MacDonald For the first time , in the history of the British Empire the British Labor

party party of Majesty's Loyal SELLING OF THE STOCK HERE becomes the His Most of of In Opposition . the Bonar WAS OVERPLAYED the event the fall , ministry only , Law the alternative according to pre , cedent is that the King request the leader of the party Not Enough Grocery Stores Established , of Opposition to form a ministry which means that in This City and Vicinity to of in all probability the next government Great Bri Warrant It be a a

very re - as . tain will Labor government . Not

suring anticipation this to the British and American

( met your gaze in the metropolitan This news item , Tories who have lurid visions of the ghost of the , , press Noveniber 18 1922. )

of amazing capital levy . But one the most failures , , Still they fall . Yesterday it was Ponzi of Boston of the election was Lloyd George . He was over

of Chicago of Bischoff and Garvey everywhere in

whelmingly repudiated . Nor was Bonar Law given ;

general in ' it and nowhere particular today is James , is any hugely popular mandate . On the contrary his

W. Elliot of the Business Builders whose Piggly Wig in

is limelight . Asquith a minority government the , gly scheme goes to the wall . The poor ignorant black , again , limping along with his foe Lloyd George who

and white simpletons have been fleeced again . The has now become the leader of the “ Wee Frees . ” Lady

of the MESSENGER have repeatedly warned Editors by , , Astor the reactionary was returned a smaller the Negroes against throwing their good , hard cash , vote this time showing that she is losing political , , by fly into these shoe - string - night- wild - cat business , caste . All eyes are centered on labor watching its

ventures . We understand that a large number of every move . by Negroes have been hard hit this failure . Too

, poor bad they are amongst the who least can afford KU KLUX KLAN SEIZING THE GOVERNMENT ;

it but always such is the case . , , Negroes are the easy marks of the sharpers having Empiro ? to HAS it come this Has the Invisible

, vague they as it can make mil were some idea that grown more powerful than our visible govern , lions like Ford Rockefeller and Morgan by buying be to be ment ? This question will have answered

stocks . that are in the middle of the Hudson Lots of fore many more moons . Governor Parker Louisi oil ,

only on River and tongue of that exists the the ana , recognizing his helplessness before the Klan has ,

to Negro . When will

salesman have been the to sold Capitol of journeyed to the the Nation consult

they no learn that stocks which are worth a picayune with President Harding on methods for breaking the

be peddled to .

would ever out them When stocks are .

is appealing . power of the Ku Klux Parker for Fed

valuable Wall Street buys them ; when they are worth eral aid to curb this notorious gang of masked cut ,

they palmed on gullible

less are off the and unsus , throats who honey - comb every department of the by

pecting Negro . long as a pepole be duped , As can State government virtually defying him to proceed by , Black Star Line dreamers the fraudulent Co - op Harding against them . It is reported that President by erative Society of America which is condemned is hesitant about taking action . Is he afraid ? Have , the Co - operative League of America and numerous Klansmen gotten themselves into places of power in

; Piggly Wiggly

labor unions and the which had noth , the Federal Government too ? We know they boast

ing to commend itself to the public on except an efti in of 70 or a of having bloc more the House and of cent staff salesman who were equipped to make the Senate . Election returns show that they have ,

of green , one the made cheese , , think that moon was all of in

of practically won in Oregon and course

is hope any there little for substantial economic strides the Southern states . . in the very near future ,

In City New York the Klan has boldly begun re

cruiting in THE BRITISH ELECTIONS members the Rev. John Roach Straton's , church New York's " keeper " of the public's morals .

its coup ? THE British elections brought some surprises . The When will the Klan make d'etat Will ? be or , Simmons Clarke America's Mussolini Are the in British Labor party view of its poor showing , in the preceding municipal elections was not expected American Fascisti plottirg the overthrow of the of . ? to a to elect so large number Parliament Critics American Government These questions grow logi 538 THE MESSENGER [December , 1922 .

cally out of the operations of the Klan . Two govern Weekly News supported Randolph for Secretary ments now exist in America , but only one can stand . of State . The Negro press is at least in a state of We seem to be fast approaching the time when the transition . Let us hope that it will see the fo !!y of American people must decide which government they jumping out of the frying pan into the fire by advo will serve , whether it will be a government by masked cating the cause of the Democratic party . marauders or government by law and order . Italy faced this situation only a month ago . Today she is THE TURKISH SITUATION in the grip of the dictatorship of the Black Shirt. Will

the United States soon fall under the dominion of MUSTAPHA KEMAL is the hero of the Near

East . He has routed the Greek army , deposed the " white robes ” ? To prevent this disaster , the , the old Sultan , separated Church and State called for Catholics , Jews, Negroes , organized labor and all for of or the abolition capitulations the right of foreigners

eigners must join hands to crush this Ku Klux mon

to be tried before their own courts in Turkish terri ster , using the economic boycott , publicity and fighting

tory .

spectacular of of

, The rise the star Kemal even

fire as with fire the weapons . , crafty Lloyd , distracted the old George and is as by of his THE FALL OF LLOYD GEORGE signed many political observers as the cause

fall . It was known that Lloyd George backed the of . is . LLOYD GEORGE has fallen He the last Greeks while Poincare was partial 10 Kemal . All , the " big four " who wrought the abominations Europe is aghast at Angora . Kemal seems to be the , of Versailles to take the count . Mustapha Kemal's voice of the new spirit in the Moslem world . It is

rout of the Greek arny was the straw which broke the outburst of an intense nationalism with a back

the camel's back . His career has been dramatic and , , ground of religion color and geography against West

, lights spectacular replete with and shades that both . ern white world dominion Kemal's cause is just charmed and dismayed the onlooker . Historians wili and triumph it must . Despite the smoke screen of

probably set him down as a sort of brilliant political Hughes and Curzon that minorities must be protected , , , Houdini without the deep philosophic understanding from the bloody Turk , Kemal stands firm realizing , , of social economic and political forces of Wells Sid that Europe and America are not so concerned , ; , , a ney or yet Webb Balfour Shaw withal shrewd about religious minorities , but that they have their

practised an intuitive and contriver with inimitable . oil grcedy eyes on the fields under Turkish control to

faculty to his tactics the sense and accommodate This is the “ nickle under the foot ” which is about to . shifting political temper of the fickle times With . and cause the scrap at Lausanne , , out principle without respect for truth or fact but , always alert able and resourceful at parrying the LONGSHOREMEN FIGHTING FOR LIFE , up thrusts of his enemies Lloyd George built around , ,

in Philadelphia an him a kind of legend for achievement for " carrying ON the water front and Portland by

desperate is being , intense and contest waged on " through the most tempestuous and troubled days

the I. W. WE's to preserve a decent standard of living so that the average Britisher harbored an uncanny hesi , tancy about vetoing his ministry But makeshifts and to save their organizations from the savage and are makeshifts and they will break down under heavy brutal assaults of the hypocritical and frightened , In Stevedores the powerful steamship interests . stresses and strains ere long . So it was with the once , these struggles be it said to the credit and honor of labelled “ little dirty Welshman . ” His political make , I. Negroes fighting shifts collapsed . Though he still hangs around the the W. W. the and whites are to , rung shoulder shoulder for more milk for their babies wings of the stage the curtain has been down , , to keep as as to is to on his act . He gone join Wilson Orlando and and the wolf from their door well defend their organization which has been the very - Clemenceau the political quartette who have plunged .

prop of their lives the world into a frightful chaos . But let us not rail

great to is they in ; One asset the strikers that are against them they were the mere puppets of world . - is , organized boy

, dustrially ,

its . the taken wide imperialism which too is riding to fall Even water

into the organization for they have learned that it is

THE NEGRO PRESS AND THE ELECTIONS impossible for labor to win while one part is scabbing , on the other part when a fight is on . in its THE Negro press is almost unanimous con The MESSENGER bids you to hold out and hold on . of deinnations the Republican party . It assigns

the nation wide- landslide of anti - administration candi NEGRO DEPUTY OF FRANCE CONDEMNS dates to the policy of the Harding regime on the Ne GARVEY , , undoubtedly is gro . Of course this not true while , , , is

. It very significant it played part some however FROM the four corners of the globe we constantly to of on

changing Negro press of note the attitude the hear echoes condemnation of Garvey and his

party . It no longer the Republican hails the Re works . The peoples ' eyes are gradually being opened , . ”

all Ac "

as ship publican party the and else the sea to what a colossal fraud the entire thing is . , , , it has as yet any party While not come out for other cording to the Echo de Paris Monsieur Diagne black to

is beginning the Negro press take President Hard Senegalese deputy says that : “ Garvey's crusade for , ing at his word and tells Negroes to split their ticket . the redemption of Africa can only fall flat for Africa's , . in Of course it means for the Negroes to split their ticket Negroes are diverse and lacking cohesion The It between the Republican and Democratic parties . dangerous Utopia proposed would not serve their real . as to so has not advanced far enough ahead yet come out interests . " Just How often has not the Mes for the Socialist party — although the Rochester SENGER presented the very same view to the Negro 192.). December , 1922.1 THE MESSENGER 533 etary

public . Diagne's simply Garvey's go view shows that to on strike unless the American shoe workers got of folly beginning mad is to attract the attention of the ? Italy produces of their demands . Sup E oi lots lemons great powers , they recog pose in

that rule Africa and that the industry of Italy tro workers the lemon were ready it is to rize that a menace . and are to . in crush it strike Would the workers this industry in Cali , simply stop , Still there are lunatics that won't hear . fornia with the Italian workers ? Latvia Servia Roumania and Finland and Russia are great wheat

THIRD PARTY and neat countries . Do the workers in the wheat and

meat of ear industries those countries strike because the

party is being widely discussed as the

THIRD , A stock yards workers of Chicago and the mill workers

only hope of . It

people to the American seems of Minneapolis gone on a ic and St. Paul have out ? be pretty generally admitted that the Republican and strike ers parties no of Democratic hold out promise progressive ; to all questions is “ ” Eri The answer these No and the , ,

change to . Borah the wide masses La Follette is reason because self interest is the most powerful , , in Brookhart Johnson and others are mentioned society . Every Hiram force individual is seeking the gra in , Of of . connection with this new political venture . tification his desires He is seeking happiness his , only by

way he it is really get course not new for we have had numerous and the can happiness is getting the of . to de third parties before . The Populist and the Progres rid these desires From birth death these

parties outstanding . It is in prod prick sive are the instances sires and and goad him on . Even every

teresting to at a

party is helping tis note that whenever third men effort others comes under the same head . , , It is no thought is given to principle of sympathy tioned the Socialist and the the psychology of , - is parties . in Farmer Labor is which pain produces

pain in The reason that the pro that others self . est day

One got of carriage to Lincoln out help a pig ponents of the third party idea are a very little his just dif of .

, out the mud praised ferent from the Old Guard for if they were funda When for his generous of I spirit , it . , he at got pig mentally odds with the old parties of reaction they Lincoln disclaimed He said the cted go of to . a genuine out the relieve pain would into labor party which is opposed nud his own mind The A

zing , of a .

, pig only secondary to injustice economic political and social . The So the was consideration goed all of in mother makes kinds sacrifices the interest of party is conducting a great cialist now campaign to .

heir is her constantly trying to its child bring to She joy it . increase membership it every and invites lover of . trol , liberty is of

to easy susceptible .

to analysis and foe labor exploitation join . This The reason Suffering it to ;

pain to bring and suffering pain to is the only third party which deserves the considera the child and her

joy brought to delights of

toiling of the the tion the wide masses America . while child mother's

heart .

is so organized INTERNATIONAL SCABBING The world that one part of it con

stantly benefits from the suffering of the other . One , an

of is constantly devouring . THE trend of modern civilization has been toward half the world the other by .

eat prey ! of Chickens ants upo the destruction independence of individuals and insects Hauks . , , wing and nations . They have become more dependent upon chickens Men kill and consume hogs cows and . , in .

early of

to stages and one another Whereas one man used make a whole chickens And men the society , ,

. a large , eat one another ened shoe today a score or more persons will make only a To extent however one . all lo of of part the shoe . The finished product represents the group men lives off another the time The

many of products of . of many . of the the T of handiwork We talk much labor interna few rob their labor go in Large of workingmen glee ating tionalism but practical application we are yet far numbers into over , it . a in

from instance we have had coal strike an opportunity to profits suffering of abies For make off the , . In " ? " country many , but the English their fellows his splendid book Why War to this for months miners is . C. to have been busy Signs in the New York Subway say Dr. Fred Howe calls attention the fact that гегу , ,

nearly 200,000 employed in that the owners of those subways anticipating that British workers the , , be a the American miners would on long strike bought manufacturing of munitions always manifest either , . In British coal other words the British miners a desire for war or a lukewarm opposition to it . aker ,

Every of problems recognize scabbed on the Anerican miners . Again when the student social must that is it ,

, hysteria

Brewery of patriotic American Workers would go on strike the a great deal the which obtained obing ,

in during Czecho - Slovaks did not stop the manufacture of Pils most countries the World War emanated

. steady employment high wages ner beer When California growers of currants faced from the and which 01 . ,

period . is

marked of strikes with their workers the Greek workers labored that ' The psychology Labor

all the harder to meet the increased demand . When not so different from the psychology of Capital . The VS

is Capital a larger on the French rug workers stopped work in a demand chief difference that has income capital upon

power . for more wages , the Armenian workers speeded up invested than Labor has labor

to advantage of good . today take the times America The had a common interest in maintaining antly two indus ;

. They fought vigorously has most of the gold so much that the gold miners try each other over the his up

expects of have slowed in work . Who the gold division the resulting profit . tened in to in of of

miners other countries strike the interest to It is interesting follow out the monism this , , . the American gold miners ? When the French work situation For instance when the Coal Strike came black , of ers in the wine industry stopped did the Italians in the British coal operators got the market the for up up

operators . that industry slow or speed ? When the strikes American coal The British coal dealers

rica's ' to to , delighted sell the American coal dealers came in the textile and silk mills of New Jersey did were The up , buyers of meant the . coal the French Japanese or Chinese silk workers slow ? patrons The more British real - in . It Several months ago the shoe workers were out greater employment of British coal miners would

MES . the shoe Massachusetts Did British workers threaten be quite as rare to hear the coal miners complaining Vegro 540 THE MESSENGER [ December , 1922 .

getting jobs of American coal miners ' as it would to whom you purchase your coal . Their income is every hear British coal dealers complain about getting where . Not so with labor . It has not yet worked American coal dealers' markets their customers and out a method of international sharing in strikes . As patrons . a rule it engages in international scabbing. It is system We are not unaware that the of interna competing instead of co -operating. Competitio : 2 tional investment has somewhat negatived this result breeds hatred and war. Such are the fruits of inter among capitalists . By that we mean , American coal national scabbing, made possible by modern means of operators may mines. Both hold stock in American communication and transportation . may still further hold stock in German and French mines. As a result it makes little difference from CHANDLER ( WEN

Economics and Politics

THE ONLY WAY TO REDEEM AFRICA By A. PHILIP RANDOLPH

( Randolph , Mr. this month disturhs Brother Mar a

brought it First word about what forth . It grew cus's sleep by rubbing paint the off his beautiful " 400 , up during

days of - a the turbulent the war period of 000,000 Negro , cutting

- " doll his rotten " anti -white , political economic and social unsettlement . Then the inan " apple , becoming nightmare general up and a in 10 , wide masses were fed on glowing rainbow prom the Imperial Black . ] Klurer , , of ises happy days days of liberty justice and de . a , mocracy after the war This was war to All Africans Not Negroes end war to in a " day " . usher new Needless to say that the , all .

unsophisticated people as All anthropologists know that all Africans are not believed this But , , ,

Negroes any all Europeans they more than are Nordics time has shown were mere promises such as are by or . in

Mongols paytrioteers all . all Asiatic are Arabs are not Negroes . made the wars Still these prom

Egyptians of Negroes . ises purpose stirring are not Yet these groups pos served the the oppressed in all of all . lands religions of sess more power than the Negroid groups in Africa . races and Out this titantic Nor are the Berbers ethonologically classified and upheaval sprang the Russian Revolution with its ring , ing , : “

as . of slogan

anthropologically Negroes absurdity no Thus the militant No annexations punitive in ,

Garvey's - . " he Mr. claim when speaks of 400,000,000 demnities self determination for smaller nationalities , - of a Negroes assuming as he does that all Africans are This became the fountain head world - wide move , of Negroes by adding . and that the population of Africa revolt The Irish Easter Rebellion had also pro to a - , eyed claimed the world spirit of to the Negro population in the United States South that wild dis , in . to and Central Americas and the West Indies it will content was abroad the land Add this the col ,

lapse of give that sum . the ancient historic house of the Hapsburgs ; , Besides these different racial and national groups of Austria Hungary- the exile of the German Kaiser

in as as upon Africa are hostile are the racial and national which followed hard the heels of the passing , of

corrupt regime of groups in Europe the scene of the recent great World the wicked and Czar Nicholas of . history is War replete - , African with the inter tribal Russia and one can visualize to some extent the forces , of . wars between Zulus , Kaffirs Bantus , Basutos , Her unrest that had been unleashed , , , , , reros Hottentots Berbers Matebeles clinging stead Besides there were ample facts of injustice and , , ,

wrong perpetrated upon ignorant in fastly as it were to their respective tribal customs the weak and of , humanity the name only to be presented language " will " and land . It is also a matter of com that needed to mon historical knowledge that the Africans have fought stir the fires of revolt . Witness the march of na of

heroically against . Egypt ; white domination The military tionalism under the leadership of Zaglul - co - especially to fought operative Bantus are known have the Boers the non movement whose prophet is Ma ; in

rising of in

long years to preserve hatma Gandhi the for four their sovereignty . India tide Islamism ; if

fight protests of against Now the Africans will among themselves to the East the Corea and China ; , ; Japanese outcry of in maintain their respective tribal authority if they will dominion and the the workers

battle against British and Dutch control for decades , the respective capitalist countries against industrial , , ; I

may inquire is what evidence there that they will despotism all indicating the purient readiness and on of a supinely submit to the blatant “ 138th Street Wind eagerness the part the disinherited for pro , , " ? ;

jammer of

carry no But course these facts force gram to satisfy their high hopes to salvage the wreck to - this Harlem Emperior by African Black Ku Klux who age of the world wrought the mad " dogs of war " . , of no

certainly having vagaries of can boast inconsiderable amount Even the romantic D'Annunzio as well , as

of “ ivory ” doing duty . African for brains the hateful criminal policies and practices of the , , go in At

point I of this then will specifically into an Ku Kiux Klan America and the notorious bands of Garvey , in examination . the program Italy may be murderous Fascisti ascribed to the December , 1922. ] THE MIS SENGER 541

upturned precipitated by , state of affairs the war and is used to pay fat salaries to take pleasure jaunts , , its aftermath . Thus it is not strange that such a throughout the country the West Indies and South

in of collecting monstrosity as the Garvey Movement should have and Central Americas the interest

Negroes during de among world to yell been born the this more money to enable Brother Marcus more . baclé , lustily about going “ back to Africa ” . In short every , , , The Negroes then like other peoples were not thing which is done in America is done with a view . .

exploited of Negro critical Like the and outraged every to hastening the exit the from America , ,

they weary distraught impatient . where were and This explains the non - citizenship character of the , U. N. 1. A. is They were looking for a program a leader . They This why Mr. Garvey does not ad - to of were willing to heed any voice which rang out above vise his non citizen followers become citizens . the din and clangor of confusion and conflict . the United States

of a Demagogue

Rise , Out of the slogan “ Back to Africa " all his sense ,

it no for anyone sufficiently Hence was difficult task less and foremost of doctrines have grown . First , , in unscrupulous of the is reckless fact and truth deft which is the " anti - white man's " doctrine . This , in misrepresentation of sound measures and honest lased upon the assumption that all white men are the ; " telligent possessed an

with inordinate will , leaders , , enemies of all Negrocs ( except of course the Ku , by to lead ” fairly clever in playing upon the instinct oi Klux Klan which was discovered the imperial , loyalty to capture the ignorant and uninitiated race Black Blizzard Garvey in secret conference with the is among the Negroes everywhere . Such the reason imperial white Wizard Kleagle Clarke ) . This pro of for the rise Garveyism . Ku Klux Klan attitude of Mr. Garvey's is either the

Any thoughtful person reads the Garvey , who utter result of ignorance or dishonesty cither of which is ig ances instantly realize that the man is a typical will detrimental to the Negro . If it is the result of ,

demagogue ready willing to say wellnigh any to and , he norance it is proof that does not know how , , of a

to moiety in at thing any time order achieve ; , , lead the Negro and if on the other hand it is the , . as a

advantage posing , Sensational statements and result of dishonesty it is evidence that he can not be , martyr . demagogues dig to are his stock and trade All trusted lead the Negro . Thus his unfitness for , , , up some illusory impossible visionary unattainable leadership is established 19pon the establishment of up , goal to be purveyed to upon plate the lambs the either assumption one of which is unquestionably , ,

of a per 100 cent fetishism whether national racial , true and both of which are probably true . , , , " to " "

as " Negro or religious such First Back Africa , As to the " anti white- man's ” doctrine no intzili , “

” per of " the purity Nordicism and 100 cent Ameri gent Negro needs to be told that this is both dangerous ” . it be canism And will seen that every aspect of

and false . It is dangerous because it pits whites of the movement partakes of the demagogic character ; against blacks it engenders and fosters a virulent race - of the self elected savior the so - called 400,000,000 , prejudice the very menace which we are trying to . Negroes in the world , eradicate and gives birth to such destructive and vio

Nature of Program Foreign and Domestic , lent race riots as East St. Louis which was a con Every plan and measure are formulated and adjusted flict between black and white workers .

to satisfy the ends of the main doctrine or supreme It is

is ample false because there history to prove crux : " Back to Africa " . Africa is sufficiently far

the contrary . One has but to mention the names of distant and invested with the halo of mysticism as to

John Brown who sacrificed his life to emancipate , , a ensnare the unsuspecting . The foreign too has , , ,

It Negro Lloyd as of novelty slaves William Garrison Wendell touch among Negroes . has not Phil , ,

, lips Lovejoy fought unselfishly , is yet become worn and hackneyed . Besides Africa and who suffered but

for the cause of Negro liberty . Then there is Eugene not accessible to the ignorant masses of · Negroes so

V. a of European that they could themselves see the utter folly and Debs and host American and Lib by

nothing to gain be erals and radicals have taking . only who absurdity of the project They can disil

an of justice to Negro . Only a or by , attitude the knave lusioned the slow process of education which is . be a hypocrite would argue the contrariwise To sure invariably a costly one .

it is good propaganda one who wants to exploit But I need make no labored argument to establish for ; , , it racial chauvinism for profit but is dynamite which that no movement whose program is essentially for , when once exploded will work havoc in the land eign will ever command the interest and support of He .

I spreading everywhere the American Negro . While recognize the inter death and destruction by who would sacrifice the Negroes ' welfare building national character of the Negro problem that does up , a of is

, tinder box race hatred not his friend but not imply that the national or more immediate and

. Garvey slogan of "

in his foe selected this whites . be concrete aspect is to ignored Frenchmen are

against blacks " because he knew that the history and , terested in foreign questions but that does not make

of Negro give it of , conditions the would some color them sacrifice their vital domestic problems . What , , he money is true of the French is also true of the British Rus truth and that could collect more from Ne by of

to feeling , groes pandering race hatred than sian and American . A consideration of both aspects their by , to seeking it only

program . , go abolish the rational domestic and foreign must hand in hand . ,

of " - " grows But it takes no strained interpretation to see that Now out this anti white man's doctrine ; . ” "

of Negro or Garvey has no domestic program that he is not con the subsidiary corollary doctrine First , , of or us cerned here there with the fate the American Let see how sound this is . Obviously for anyone a ”

is " provokes he to attitude Negroes . Nor is he bothered about the problems of assume that first similar . of on part everybody the West Indian Negroes . All of the money which the else , the U. N. I. A secures from the credulous Negroes If Negroes have the right to maintain that they are 542 MESSENGER [December , 1922 . THE M ,

peoples a right first in all affairs then the white have ,

they . It is a also to maintain that are first natural , of example a protective measure . Take for crowd е BOOKS

. Suppose

to buy people going to a subway tickets , regardless of that one person out of the crowd his , to be is

he going position in the crowd states that A FRENCH NEGRO AUTHOR

first at the window . What do you suppose will hap

, everybody pen ? Obviously else will take the same BATOUALA . By Rene Maran . Thomas Seltzer , New

is the position . Suppose further that this individual York , publisher . ?

. Simply weakest person in the crowd What then parts

, A friend once told us he would collect various this : He will not only not be likely to get his ticket here and there and build a Ford racer that would , but he will be trampled upon and perhaps killed as a . That , , siurt off at 15 miles an hour flivver if it were is ignorant . result of his own blind selfishness This , graphic , seems to us a simile of Ba

it cver constructed fairly representative of the Negro group should touala . " . " proclaim the inarie and silly doctrine of Negro l'irst This tale is swift, it is fascinatingly swift -- the lan Being without education or wealth or power of any , , guage . Figuratively there isn't a semicolon in the kind it would be the victim of an irrational " race . Actually is only one the first " policy . What would become of the inillions entire book there in whole chapter stops by first . It hasn't time for such . of Negro workers who are employed white em working Negro Maran is a master stylist. His description is lividi ployers ? But few Negroes are for

vivid . But this is practically all that has made him em it is employers . Already rumored that white . is It famous . go His theme common peo to ployers are telling Negroes seeking work to deals with

ple of importance . is a story of " . , Garvey their " Moses minor This Africa- of of . It , white domination Africa tells how the na Moreover there is the element of education . Sup

tives are butchered . Naturally sym pose all of the white colleges and schools of every this arouses our is ? — pathy . pity them more Their case , We what kind white professors and teachers of every kind

but a corollary of the proposition of imperialism . To should adopt the doctrine of " white man first " as a

it changing organization of society . it . " Is

" Negro correct means the to policy counter - irritant the First . It is a of We like Batouala . It is worthy 110t clear that the policy would shut the Negro off book art

of high high praise .

, honors and from the various agencies that supply a technical F.J.C.

scientific and cultural education ? Surely no one will SUPREMACY contend that the Negro schools and teachers are WHITE

adequate to educate the Negro so that he can com , WHITE AND BLACK . By H. A. Shands . Harcourt , ’ “ - In . pete in white man's fact this anti , modern life ,

Brace and Co. New York publishers . , , doctrine if pushed to its logical conclusion would ; prevent Mr. Garvey from even getting to Africa for We have always " just known " certain relationships to is certainly it illogical assume that white men will , existed between white and colored people in the South supply the ineans of transportation to their enemy . , yet we had no direct first - hand proof . We have like

And if the frenzied Garveyites exclaim that we will wise had certain questions in our mind for years that go , in their own ships I must respectfully inquire by we wished to see answered in print - some white , , where are they ? If the retort is “ We will get them ” . man or woman In White and Black we have found , ? ”

" The white again I must query Where from . our cue Both phases are so clearly set forth that we ; people have all of the ships they control the weapons are willing to rest our case without comment . , , , of destruction warfare . So there now Brother is a ! it is . It is This book mess But true a story ! Marcus Of course , these facts and arguments mean of the race problem in rural Texas . It shows what

nil to this modern Magician of the Arabian Nights .

happens when things are run on the principle of the " - " Other aspects of the anti white man's doctrine

strong over the weak . The only thing for the weak " in a “ are the establishment of Black House Washi up to do is to or clear out shut . F.J.C. , , , ” a “ C. to ington D. compete with the White House , Biack Cross Nurse à Black African Legion and a INTERESTING STORIES

Royal Court for the Reception of Fools engaged in of " . " OF . By . the pastime of knighting the insane Some the THE VENGEANCE THE GODS William Pickens , , titled heads who will grace the Court are : Lady " V.D. " Order from the author 260 West 139th Street Nex ' ;

City . of the Most Lowly Order of Ignorance and Nonsense York

Sir " P. " of the Extinguished Order of Spitoons and ; " ” of of Mops Duke B.G. the Most Obvious Order William Pickens ' work is along the color line . As . " “ Nuts and Weak Minds field secretary of the National Association for the , And for the chief Mogul Potentate and Supreme Advancement of Colored People he is constantly ob

Psha ! What shall we call him ? I am amazed that serving and experiencing all the bewildering phases he didn't have the gizzard to request the Imperial of human conduct relating to whites and blacks in to White Wizard Clarke knight him as the Infernal America which are ever on public exhibition . He has of to Blizzard Black Ku Kluxism and also take his embodied the gist of these experiences in four short , , of of title the Exalted Ruler the Most Dishonorable stories . They are clever crisp satirical . The wit is , , ; Order of Skinners Fakirs Hot Air and Buncombe enjoyable the subtle irony exhilirating . We com

Dispensers . mend this small volume as delightful leisure read ( he To continued ) ing F.J.C. December , 1922. ) THE MESSENGER 543

Education and Literature

THE FUTURE OF WEST INDIANS Concluding THE WEST INDIES By J. A. ROGERS , in Trinidad exporis sugir , cocon , cocoanuts, copra , pe markets the best the world . troleum asphalt The two products and . last give ,

Major , in report already Wood the mentioned in a reliable income, and makes it most Trinidad the uni speaking of industrial conditions says : formly prosperous the islands. Situated at the of “ During the last year of the war and the two suc

mouth of the Orinoco , is also a port entry ceeding years , it of and the West Indies enjoyed a brief period exit for trade in the South American interior . in of

exceptional prosperity . of The price all their prod ,

yielded gallons , 1919 6472 except , Trinidad million of crude ucts limes rose to abnormal heights big profits , oil . In proportion to its size and population the wages were made of living and the cost generally in , of is of nearly , revenue Trinidad three times that creased the revenues of the Colonies expanded and

Jamaica . the Governments seized , the opportunity in many cases

export of is sugar . of improving The chief Barbados More than the pay of their educational and other its is given half to . arable land over sugar cane . services Some This period of abnormal prosperity has , ,

is grown . a whaling industry been suddenly cotton Barbados had succeeded great by and with violence a

dead . now almost period of acute depression . The revenues are con , , The principal exports of St. Kitts Nevis the home tracting every and Colonial government is finding that ; ; it is of St. and much easier to Alexander Hamilton Vincent Monserrat increase expenditure in good times . - is

Antigua ex to

Sea it island cotton British Guiana than in reduce bad — times the same problem in

sugar rice . ports and fact is facing at which the Government home . Taxa , , , Dominica whose principal export is lime a citrus tion hardly which was years ago , felt two is now , , to the is severely fruit similar lenion , another island proving a upon as

industry a

burden as whole well as by . prohibition In pre - upon all days great of hit Volstead num classes . Though individuals the prices of

of exported to bers limes were the United States for imported requirements have come down they are not in - - gin rickeys . use cock tails exports yet , and to Dominica down pre - war level whereas the prices of the , is as citric acid which used a fixative in calico print agricultural products have reached pre - war level and , , ' in

ing in it .

Navy as a and for use the preventative of some cases have sunk below Nevertheless it

scurvey . be wrong to paint would a too black picture of the of

sugar in The boom the industry the latter part , economic outlook in whether the present or the future . of

brought a as a prosperity a great the war that carried Taken whole the West Indies are standing the of . in its

hardship . is „

deal jugar or train The industry strain There little no unemployment and thanks to been languishing since the , had Brussels Conference the provision of

bountiful is nature there no real

in 1874 when England gave the preference to Ger physical among poor distress the of section the com- :

sugar of . her munity In man and over that colonies it Austrian be this connection should borne in mind in . of the West Indies The result was that most the , except that sugar , the islands of Barbados Antigua , in or , estates were either ruin their machinery in bad and St. Kitts the vast bulk of the population consists of

shape . . great Then came the booin The banks made families who have obtained or can obtain sufficient ,

machinery at it loans was installed the time when to grow land on which enough to feed themselves . " , was abnormally expensive industry get " and the The real difficulty is was of

that the planter or pro on ting its legs once more when the price of sugar prietor who has in invested land and its equipment tumbled downwards , leaving the planters during period with their the boom immediately following the .

crop no war it . of and market for The price sugar is “ by $ a . producers they Credit given now 6272 ton The insist that which was freely the banks , during

it pay $ 75 . cannot make under the boom period is drastically . now restricted ”

The possible competition of beet sugar from coun Constitutional and Trade Reforms

- Major

Germany de tries like Czecho Slovakia and with their Wood has made most liberal recommenda preciated exchange tions to makes the situation still worse for Parliament for the of betterment conditions . , the , British West Indian planters many of Among a whom with them are lowering of import ; the duties a

heavily , their estates mortgaged are thinking of giving

preference of $

minimum a 18.75 ton in the British up .

sugar altogether crops in

for other markets of favor West sugar ; Indian and a greater against Another factor the West Indian planter is ineasure representative

government in all of of the , give a that preference of the $ 40 . United States In about islands , Jamaica for instance he recommends , a to $ ton Porto Rican sugar and 8 to Cuban that the elected thus members be

placed in should a per , crowding British West Indian sugar out of the U. S. manent majority and that governor the have a re 544 THE MESSENGER [ December , 1922 . , serve power to be used only in extreme emergency . of the Cuban Army of Liberation in which Estenoz “ reasons combine to make it He adds : Several and over five thousand of his followers were slain . measure : f for a , tikely that the common demand Race prejudice is an American disease and like the

long prove , representative government will in the run Wandering Jew the American spreads it wherever has irresistible . The wave of democratic sentiment he goes . Annexation would mean an influx of Ameri Education , been powerfully stimulated by the war . cans who would at once side with the native whites

colorej an aggressive is rapidly spreading and tending to produce a and establish white despotism . The , , and black intelligenzia , of which the members are near whites- colored and blacks vould then be

together , quick to absorb elements of knowledge requisite thrown and violence would undoubtedly re returii

, . as it

professions question is : “ for entry into learned and sult The stands Which is pre by

emancipated ? from travels abroad with minds and en ferable Peaceful exploitation of the blacks the , , larged ready to devote time and energy to propa whites near whites and colored or violent exploita , by of ganda among their own people . ” tion the near white- colored and blacks the

Local Race Problems Whites ?

Both Jamaica and Trinidad have local race prob On the other hand the economic condition of the ; by , lems . The former with the Chinese and the Hindus islands would be undoubtedly improved annexation . the latter with the Hindus something like that of the West Indian immigrant

seeking ,

the to emancipation the slaveholders the United although he After They States who sufferers more cheapest possible labor, imported East Indians . sharply from color prejudice . lives much better than . were indentured for five years and paid twenty - four at home got cents a nine -hour day. The Jamaican laborer Cuba and Porto Rico have benefited enormously . In 36 cents . These East Indians were virtually slaves . from American intervention 1899 the total ex system has ceased . The indenture ports of Porto Rico was $ 10,156,541 . Under Ameri aggravated it in to The question of the Chinese is more . can rule leaped 1919 $ 150,811,449 . During the , they the small About 5,000 in number have cornered same period imports have increased from nine to way

ninety . retail grocery trade in pretty much the same the million dollars Cuba has shown a similar phe

Jews and the Greeks have cornered Negro business nomenal increase . In both Cuba and Porto Rico ex

. ; in the United States With their superior trading ports now exceed imports while in the British West

opposite is in instincts the Chinese merchants are driving out the Indies the true except Trinidad . Both grow others fail . Jamaican ones . They fat where these countries have the advantage of American capi , , governor , July 5 1922 said : “ The tal and they enjoyed greatest The in Council have the prosperity of

Government was fully resolute that the time had their entire history under American control . come when the Chinese settlement should not be al Proximity makes the United States the logical mar lowed to increase in size.” A literacy test will be ket for West Indian goods , and the logical protector used in an endeavor to keep them out . Emigrants of the islands . of to the island will be called upon to read and explain Political Attitude British West Indians in U. S. given English language . any fifty words in the The census of 1920 gives 73,803 foreign - born Ne

Guiana , East Indians con , In Trinidad and British groes in the United States . The majority say about , , , stitute 33 and 42 per cent of the population respect 60,000 are British West Indians the most of whom agriculture . in ively. They are the backbone of Ac live New York City . cording to the report of Major Wood they complain Comparatively few West Indians become American , having . Coming to of discrimination in the schools and of no citizens the United States with a strong , voice in political affairs . British bias and hatred of American color prejudice In Antigua and St. Kitts , the Portuguese have cor they see the Negro Americans possessing few rights , , , they ,

the in Jamaica . get . nered the retail business as Chinese that the West Indians cannot Indeed a Annexation to the United States certain preference is given them particularly outside , of

great so if This is a topic that provokas bitterness in New York the more they have a smattering of or thought Spanish . They the West Indies . The inere of annexation is French see that even a newly , , is regarded with horror. In 1860 , when during a period landed immigrant who white is accorded privi of unusual depression , it was seriously suggested leges that are withheld from the Negro America ,

, , that the islands be given over to the United States and that late enemies in the last war though they had

, , point a the people were near the of rebellion . In 1907 each slain thousand Americans and made a thou when an American admiral landed in Kingston to sand widows and orphans , have opportunities that are

a Negro relieve the earthquake sufferers , he was very coldly denied American veteran though he had received , and in the sharp diplomatic correspondence saved an army division from destruction . Conse governor American that ensued the was recalled . quently they are inclined to look down upon the value , of citizenship pride re visitors are received with that co :irtesy :ative to all American while their takes , as

in particularly the former have fuge in . classes the islands their British birth But it is precisely be . of they do

. cause the should money to spend But annexation not want this that West Indian draw closer , to it is of The case of Cuba and Haiti has but served to ag the American Negro precisely because this . In of a gravate this decision Cuba before the war that feeling of common humanity should prompt ,

. Intermarriage to 1898 Negroes had equal rights was him aid the American Negro in his long fight for

liberty . of in

an equal part common . They took the war , to be . as liberation Many of the most famous leaders The facts taken into consideration are that ,

Negroes . Antonio Maceo were American interven the West Indians came here almost solely because of ,

prejudice . in a rising tion awoke color This resulted the pressure of conditions at home and they have December , 1922. ) THE MISSINGER 545 , found relief ; that as long as they are here they are American brother as is also that of the white Ameri - , . virtually American Negroes , being indistinguishable can appears to be firmly linked To the far visioned from them except by their accent ; and that they will and humane it will seem no differunt whether the bat of

tle against injustice te fought in all probability stay here for the remainder their color hate and economic . lives in the West Indies or in the United States .

At the present time the Negro in New York is great [ This concludes Mr. Rogers ' articles on the West ly of

rights .

in fight together handicapped the for his because Indies Taken they compose his third book .

large percentage of “ Super - to ” an : / the West Indians who cannot 16The other two are From Man Man ' ” . vote . New York has the largest Negro population in As Nature Leads , to the United States yet in political strength it is behind West Indians and others are invited write letters ,

Chicago nearly forty Negroes . with thousand less to our Open Forum department commenting on the . ] The destiny of the West Indian Negro and the way Mr. Rogers has handled his case Who's Who THE MIRRORS OF HARLEM

STUDIES IN " COLORED " PSYCHO - ANALYSIS

By FLOYD J. CALVIN . - : up WILLIAM PICKENS Formerly Dean of Morgan deal for twelve million people you give every ; , , Secretary of

College the thing in exchange you . " Baltimore now Field Na and get nothing " Every

thing " " nothing " capitalized . tional Association for the Advancement of Colored and were

a plain People . Again : " I would rather be black American

fighting in the ranks against the klan and all its brood up

to be Imperial of My office is two flights . Of a morning I sat at than the Wizard the Ku Klux Klan

my or Imperial of U. N. I. A. " reading a desk newspaper . the Allied Blizzard the ! !

Blam an unusually Blam ! Blam came loud This whole passage was capitalized with italics . up noise the first flight . It kept coming nearer and

getting finally heavy raps on louder until three came William Pickens is probably the most prolific Negro greeted my door . I opened and Prof. William writer not bearing the label of a professional editor .

Pickens . a , He has zeal for giving his opinion on current events

and while he touches no dynamic and fundamental . at - day I walking , , was down 8th Avenue mid Sud depths , his articles are nevertheless quite interesting . . passed running — denly a colored man me barelieaded He exercises great skill in dressing the “ surface ” of

to be so I quickened my one else seemed excited , No our racial wounds then speaks of his work so admir

might . pace to discomfiture see what cause him such by ably you think he has eradicated the evil purifying

I finally By craning my neck and straining my eyes the blood !

saw him stop a man who was walking in the opposite ,

begin talking earnestly . Evidently direction and the GEORGE W. HARRIS - Now serving his second in a pursuer forgotten to something late

mention of of as had four - year term member the Board Alder

. I recognized as

conversation the hatless man Prof. , men of New York City and Editor of the New

William Pickens . York " News " . . at I crossing 136th 7th Avenue was Street , It was October 1921. My brother and I were pass , just looked to the left and taken one step forward ing Mother Zion A. M. E. Church in 136th Street ! : . Suddenly looking to the right Honk and the wind . just as the congregation was dismissed A my . glimpse of a - passenger five car fanned face , " Why here is George Harris at church " said my ) told me that the man at the wheel was Prof. Willian brother .

Pickens . , up " He's for re - election next month " I returned * *

absently .

If I'm not there “ Sure I'll lend you the books . ;

you a to my in ' Negro ' when call here's note wife she'll under " I hardly ever see the word the New

stand . ” , York News ” said my friend . p I called about 7:30 . m . Will Jr. answered the " What do you see ? ” I asked . up

. A strong yelled dining bell bass voice from the “ I see black' race ' and ' colored . ' : "

gentleman a . table below the be up Give seat I'll “ Does not that take us all in ? An Editor has cer . " in a minute tain reservations of his own . " ' “ , ,

Writing to Garvey on July 24 Marcus 1922 Prof. Hello ! ... : “ “ is ' In you William Pickens said ... that make a poor This Mr. Harris ... 546 THE MESSENGER [December , 1922 .

" Why yes , yes , that article is right to the point. mention this one thing ," — and he talked rearly ten It hits the nail on the head , exactly . . . . I've been so minutes on as many different topics . * rushed — in the heat of the campaign -I haven't had all a chance to get it in . But it will come around " Frank A. Munsey should be sued for advertising , " . .

. the said the right . criminal Ku Klux Klan New York News , A , I in “ a yes — paper is short time read paper : Oh sure . Er lets see what that after the same feature " " ? you're with - The Tattler- Ncu York Hcrald Praises Alderman Harris Work , . " | [ " No the MESSENGER For Harlem . " [ Frank A. Munsey is publisher of the ! ” - h “ . Oh New York Herald ]

* * by

Metropolitan Baptist packed . The Church was Gov Alderman Harris is far the most intelligent and . in ernor Miller was the next speaker . progressive weekly newspaper editor Harlem One “ I

know the Governor needs no further publications proof of introduc has only to compare the for this by .

fiattering Demp . tion after the remarks Mme assertion He lias the rare faculty among Negroes to ,

sey " . “ I to said Alderman Harris But would like distinguish between his editorial and news columns . , T. THOMAS FORTUNE , Editor The Daily Negro Times and sometimes known as the " Dean of American Negro Journalis " , " Mr. Fortune takes the MESSENGER to task for not respecting gray hairs and age . To this we wish , , to reply that the only thing grav we respect is gray matter most of which seems to have gone from inside , of Mr. Fortune's head and formed gray hair on the outside of his head . ... Of course Jr. Fortune know's , , nothing about political science about economics and sociology . They are new sciences . We do not mean , , ,

anything the old July however that Fortune knows about sciences .... -THE MESSENGER 1919 . In in , the Daily Negro Times November Mr. For sion has drifted into the dryrot of scientific definition

which defines nothing , convey's

: and tune writes little meaning to

scientists and none to average whatever the reader . ..

On the Republican Party's rebuke :

On the Ship Subsidy Bill : " The rebuke Republican administered the party in the

recent elections will be appreciated by the fact that the “ of opening Special , On the the Session of Congress

of country do kindly to voters the not take President Harding it . President laid before . . the Shipping Harding's is

negative of . sort character .. He on the Subsidy It . Bill proposition has developed that a

wrong of many great questions . " side too ... very large op membership in the House and Senate are

posed to of the enactment the legislation to foster our On Governor Parker from Louisiana coming to the , . . .

Merchant it is Marine and doubtful if the measure IV hite House :

can be enacted pronounced with this opposition . "

" Harding President has done the unexpected thing . Newberry's On Senator Resignation : a He has turned deaf ear to the hypocritical and sirenic

pleading of Governor John M. Parker of Louisiana . ..." Senator Newberry was charged with spending too to withdraw his recess appointment of Mr. Walter L. to

money . . . . much secure his election Limiting the ex to of of Colien be Controller the Port New Orleans . ,

penditure of is a candidates for office mighty good thing .

It is none of Governor Parker's business to interfere with It will make rich men spend reasonably and poor men

the appointments of a Republican President . ”

spend nothing if they to do not have .... That is a great

gain to public morality . ”

On Homicides in Harlem : , Writing in the New York " News " Mr. Fortune said :

“ There has been a homicidal wave in New York City , , in among Negroes in the past ten days and Harlem that “ ' '

The to New York News has asked me give it my ,

is vanity not gratifying to our nor for our best in as to of views the causes the defeat of the Republican terests . ...

party . : . :

" It has been a common thing in our politics that when of On the Extra Session Congress : up an to administration fails live to the public expectation

a vote of confidence is denied it . ..

The elections so far went against the Republican ... When we have organizations of the race wherever

Party as to it if an

make doubtful such extra session will , , we are strong such as the West Harlem Republican Club

have the confidence of the American people . ” , we shall get our honest due in party politics and we . " are not going to get it before ; " On " Scalping Dr. Du Bois ” .

subject in " Writing on the sanie The Hotel Tattler ) it [ " Mr. Garvey has characterized the N.A.A.C.P. ... he said :

as the Association for the Advancement of ' certain ' " ' ' is in a partisan The Hotel Tattler no wise newspaper .

Colored People . . . . We find the Washington ' Tribune '

Iut it believes that it is the right and duty of every citi has added to the characterization by Mr. Garvey by call he of in a zen to take personal interest affairs Govern ing it the Association for the ' Advantage ' of ' certain ' . " us ment . . . The late elections teach this much " . to do Colored People . We have nothing with that ... , in he Referring to Lady Senator Felton said the

Jargon " : On “ Physical Miracles and Scientific " : " Negro Times . in

. the of " There have been many echoes the articles , ,

" do any or

' physical not believe that woman black white ' Negro Times ' and the Negro World on ... mi ... We

of Representa place in

of proper

. any House racles and the explanation of them Much the discus has the Federal December , 1922. ) THE MESSENGER 547

, , originally , passed, ought tives or Senate as nature did not endow her ure if to result in the making of a better physical qualities grade , by with the and mental to do the work of of hootch those at whom the law is aimed ." man , and she has not acquired them in the evolution of ages , and will never acquire them . ” just plain * This is Jolin , Edward Bruce :

" T. Thomas Fortune is a peddler of editorial slush .” “We have a parrot in our family from Nicaraugua who sings -A . Philip Randolph . swears and in Spanish , and we also have a black tabby cat which is , original " Don't stress the obvious !” — Chandler Owen . half rabbit whose home is Philadelphia . The tabby is much interested in the parrot and has been trying to make friends with it for some Every time see T. Thomas Fortune he is day I franti time. The let parrot other I the out of her cage for , cally waving twisting , . Tabby playful his arms and his countenance exercise Mr. was and in an unguarded

moment in seemingly trying desperately to prove something to turned her short rabbit tail the direction of ,

parrot's sharp . I the beak was writing at whoever he happens to be talking to . He is a very the time and heard the commotion and immediately got into action , earnest looking You would never think him in man . I when saw happened . what had The parrot had a half

, , sincere to watch his gestures . nelson grip on the cat's tail and the cat was making a

pin in a circles around the room like wheel brisk wind .

It clearly a case of . I finally JOHN E. BRUCE was the Tar and Tartar , , in separating succeeded the twain with a cane Tabby

, and Associate Editor The Daily Negro Times , a . went into retirement under bed couch Polly cussed a

Contributing , Negro Editor The World , blue streak and then sang in Spanish . Afterwards slie , permitted me to put her in her cage after bribing her " Is

Garvey or Bruce with for the job because he a - to with cracker where she talked herself sleep . It was

conscientiously in believes the thing ? "

one of the most exciting races I have seen in a long time . , job " I I its . ” by don't know but think the , for He but the running was chiefly done Tabby who is still up

resting . ” was reading a newspaper and didn't look . *

Negro . ) ( Quotations from the Times is

gray - . E. of John Bruce has the reputation being one of Bruce headed

the oldest Negro journalists still in the harness . He . he is on E. I

- Every and in see the streets Mr. Fortune are twin brothers this respect . time John Bruce ,

Incidentally . both are Americans He looks like any other ordinary man except that he in or always has a newspaper under his arm his coat . ) in a cigar pocket . ( has his mouth is sometimes at This Bruce his best : He to

is Garveyites P. " The Negro has always been noted for oratory and S.- Mr. Bruce known the and . I music think there , are E. more among us as " " natural orators readers of the Negro World Sir John Bruce , , , than among any other race except possibly the Irish , , of of ( “ Knight Commander the Order the

, K.C.O.N. Negro , who like the have long had a grievance against by . Nile " ) I think He was awadred this title Mr. the dominant races which finds eloquent expression when , or I I Garvey . ( what would tell for ever ' two or three are together ' to register against the don't know for , wrongs or injuries . " inflicted unredressed the edification of the curious . ) - Oh yes I almost for ” of

is “ Uganda got : Mr. Bruce also Duke —whatever is This the other side of Bruce :

that means . , " Somebody has proposed a law to punish for murder Next month : " W. E. B. Du Bois ” —Learn of the , makers of ‘ kill me quick ' or hootch made in twenty - four , . " “ hours which furnishes work for undertakers . This meas man who sits in the 70 Fifth Avenue Tower Open Forum

EIGHT WEEKS IN DIXIE

By FLOYD J. CALVIN , up

of procedure I [ Mr. Calvin takes his narrative at Memphis about five minutes was still far from

I - consciously thought a of , what sub was safe line Tenn . where last months's installment was concluded . ) , , action so I flung discretion and timidity to the wind I in . ,

I let slip I thought my once had foot was the slipped my cane over my left arm set my hat at a , Negro department of and wanted the Union Station becoming angle leisurely dropped my kodak to my , . to to a send telegram Little Rock Ark The tele side and went striding in as I was formerly wont to . in graph the . a booth was the white section Therefore approach the box office of Broadway drama house

suddenly a something my purpose to only way to carry out was break But there came whistle and . I through the barrier . Now I had been carefully avoid instinctively whispered it was meant for me swift ly , go

- a languid policeman ing contact with white people but here I must about faced and there stood

to my I among them . didn't know whether take off lazily swinging his club . He looked like the proto ( of

type of Stribling's hat or not . After debating with myself my method Constable Dawson Bobbs 548 THE MESSENGER (December , 1922 . . a imported , Birthright ) the rural , " " fame from environ word But within the last five years I was told ment Bend and elevated suit of Hooker's blue . ” a - ‘ nearly all have left going North The young cap with a ! people who are coming on are constantly thinking of

“Where d'ye think you are going ? ” he asked what they will do " when I leave . ” There are no in , brusquely as he placed his arms akimbo and leaned ducements to stay . The older folk who were trained up

dignity majesty , back on the and of Tennessee law . to nothing but servility can somehow put with , , ; ,

I'm going to despatch a telegram " I replied " here their fare but the youngish ones who sit nine months , of year in college only biding as cool and as even as Charles Gilpin would tell of the classrooms are

League .

they do his Drama dinner their time until can better . * * * up , , , He eyed me and down to and fro across then up , , . ! ” he

. “ finally

right a . m .

again 7 drawled July I only and down All At 8.00 was the passenger to , of , I he at ( I guess least decided that was not late step off the “ Sunshine Special " at Hope Arkansas

Memphis ! ) ! 12 miles south of Little Rock and 32 miles north of , , . I quietly proceeded on my mission even more dig Texarkana Texas

impersonal . I nified and than before When started Here I went to the Shover Street High School four I . out he was still eyeing me and I maintained my rigid years and am esteemed as a native son Here also of . I air indifference until was in the Negro depart got my start as a journalist in ment again . Hope is the most important town Heamstead *

County . There is a population of 6,000—2,000 Ne — of .

: groes are the “ There two colored schools brick Saturday evening I entered Mississippi heart , " . ( ) .

people a High grade largest dixie The colored were jolly lot and I and the Roselwald The

all operated wholly enjoyed observing their courtesies and mannerisms grocery store in Hope is owned and , , by of Many .

County a people the way to Tupelo Lee 105 miles south Negro white are among his . Memphis patrons . * * ; Tupelo is a town of about 5,000 inhabitants 2,000 a

great to

happened be Negroes . Walking up from the station elec The Summer Normal for teachers

sign : “ tric stretched across the street reads Welcome in session and I soon found myself at my Alma Mater

to proceedings . Everything of a ” . A to Tupelo tall white statue Confederate witness looked natural ,

enough . I myself only object . soldier is just around the corner from the “ Welcome ” was the new about in . In a Main Street furniture store window Edith All went well until the County Superintendent , , , , to . Wilson one of our many jazz queens is given first white arose address the teachers He even looked up . , " .

brewing thing he place in featuring her latest blues On the like trouble was The first said was It is go .

pass County if any in street I and the Court House there were colored Catholics the room who , ,

a building to its right is County beautiful and the didn't want to hear what he had to say about Catholics

they might quietly . I doubly Jail from which no Negro has ever been taken and withdraw was attentive , ; lynched . Lank shaggy white men peer through the then here came the true spirit of the South . up they by bars and my companion tells me are on He prefaced his remarks explaining that he had

whisky charges . been thinking over the subject for two years and that . , in am I a the colored section There turn corner and he felt competent to speak thereon . Then he began , , , sits the residence of my friend a neat becoming bun in all seriousness denouncing Catholics and Jews . He

compared to galow - even imposing when those sur called Pope Benedict XV the “ dago daddy " of the . it rounding Romans and charged that they " kissed his holy feet " of he

at January .

days in I spent five the home Mr. William Kohl when died last He soared eloquence , , is , hospitality “ righteous ” indignation : “ I you heim a prosperous blacksmith and his and tell colored , . of I still pleasantly remembered There were the three teachers Hempstead County don't want no dago' . , ; fine meals each day his Hupmobile for driving his daddy ' for mine I'm content with the God of my , , , — daughter Miss Louise Delyene on vacation from mother and father our Lord and Savior Jesus , ; ! " proceeded to enlighten Lane College of cultural conversation his son for Christ He then the teachers . " ; dirty " He told how the trying to jaunts into novel places to satisfy my curiosity his Catholics were out

get Negroes ; dramatically smaller children for play — and we just had five days into their church showed ! of swell times how they were even elevating Negroes to the priest " ! hood— Why up here at they already Other young people of the city were glad to meet Little Rock . ( he me to ‘ It is typically a college town among the girls have two colored wanted say nigger ' ] priests , , . up in go . to to . I all Jackson Tenn winter out trying drag your folks into this thing But , ,

a big Sunday

I at Chapel spoke Lane brick edifice know you people's record . I know you won't submit by to a , . ,

, thing I . ” A you of Negro such your night July 2 on “ The Growth Culture know will stand good

goodly audience greeted me and while some manifested pure Anerican white people . " , of .

it curiosity I I a real interest aroused only the others He came out just where had expected and . he , laughed . , hadn't finished He went Rev. J. B. Stevenson the pastor showed much appre But on to he in closing reiterated that his remarks give of ciation and history : the the Jews exposing their " iniqui " of " was glad to have changed the program from regular tous love filthy lucre " from the earliest days , . a of to to present in a preaching services that lecture down the culminating grandiose ex , , ; people , The colored have five churches three brick position of their scheming crafty nature their hope of , , by . a

a County Training eventually controlling two schools one and Public this country manipulating its ,

or possibly leaguing The races seem to get along very well in Tupelo . finances with Catholics and Ne

groes - ! a be The Negroes " know their place " and keep it without Lord such combination would the end 543 December , 1922. ] THE MESSENGER

Republic of of the ! What with the Catholics now cen of the Current History Club Townsend Harris

soring by , the news sent out the Associated Press (al Hall over two white aspirants and me the only ways ridiculing protestant , ministers but never Catho " dusky ” member of the entire assembly . ) ,

lic ) cunning owning the principal or and the Jews They asked me all kinds of questions : What do , of — " of gans publicity Hempsteadi go Colored teachers vou think of the Ku Klux ? Did you really to

County ! I on you to nothing to do

have ? call with is school with white people ? What Socialism like

! They them have even changed the Bible ! They are I

? you to When is Garvey going Africa Do think

trying to change taught in up the ? historiez our schools could get along North with all these children Do - so he ? ) " all ( you rambled haven't noticed that and you suppose lynching will ever stop ? Will times , , on waxing mightier and mightier until he ran our really ever get any better ? Do trains run under the

of material and sat down . ground in New York ? Well won't you smother in

I surprised yet surprised . I was and not hadn't them ? What does a radical look like ? Who is Du

of meeting of so ? dreamed this kind intolerance rank by Bois What do they mean an Anti Lynching- , and open and yet I knew it was perfectly possible . Bill ? Where is Roscoe Simmons ? Do you want to

apathetic . go

teachers ? The were The Conductor to be

? you re to Africa Aren't afraid dowr here * marked that undoubtedly the Superintendent was pre *

. things as senting facts He smoothed over nicely as , For the next five weeks I traveled over Hemptead

he could without definitely committing himself to the , Howard and Sevier Counties . I spoke at Nashville , . program presented and we were dismissed , , . in at County Seat of Howard Paraloma Sevier At

But I was shocked again . When we began march

the latter I found much agitation over Garvey . They ing downstairs everybody passed under the flag and , were reading his paper every week , The Negro World , saluted — men and women . I thought to myself the

and seemed to think that sure enough they would all

country is getting into a pretty ugly predicament when

be going abroad in short and that the European it to its (

subjects ? ) to be has force citizens patriotic . by * as if powers would fall back out of their way

magic . Their ignorance on this point was pitiable . , I A. E. At the Normal met Dr. Rankin a graduate , , instance upon I spoke counteracting ; For invitation of 0. A. Lincoln and Cornell Dean Fuller of Bishop

propaganda at Paul's Church near Nashville , , St. , ; this College Marshall Texas Prof. R. C. Childress State " to One venerable back Africa ” sponsor arose and ; Agent for the Rosenwald Fund and others .

said that one thing he had learned from my talk was he that there are more Negroes in the world than Later I addressed the teachers myself and took

thought ( he happened not to have read of Garvey's pains to mention Benjamin Brawley's new “ Social he . 400,000,000 ) Also that didn't know there were ; History " and his book on the English Drama Carter

white people in Africa . He thought it was a wild ;

G. “ Negro in History " Woodson's Our and stressed running ) country except ( or with the natives abour

the importance of such books being universally adopted

helter - skelter .

( except ) of Negro . the Drama for the use children *

I was told this is gradually being done — the Negro

In the middle of July I was fishing on Saline child is being taught Negro history direct . , ; " far from the maddening crowd ” in early It was afterwards brought to me that the Ku Klux River , , , , I " ”

, August playing seining muddying riding Klan was all over town that anti Catholicism- was was - But driving . Fridays Saturdays I to picnics rabid and the anti Jew mania was growing . On and went ;

enjoyed games girls on Sundays I apropos of this were the facts that the one Catholic and ball and ate . private of this and that church was the only white church which would wel rich dinners and talked , , , , cantaloupes peaches pears , apples

, Watermelons if come colored communicants they desired to come

everything to pleasure . and the few Jews were kindly disposed - one going ran riot me . all at my country Misses Charlean so far as to tell me he would come out and hear my This was home , , , A. lecture if he thought any other white people would Greene Beatrice Farmer Sedalia Hall Queen , ,

Rogers B. Sampson a of he It happened particular Annie and host others present . that this Jew , together with their boy - friends easily led me to forget graduated from Townsend Harris Hall of the Col

Seventh Avenue and One Hundred and Thirty - fifth lege of the City of New York - where I had been a

Street . student also . * *

On July 12 I spoke on " How the White World . " , , I Views the Darker Races There was no large On Sunday August 6 addressed the District on “ of crowd . The mass of the people were disinterested in Baptist Association at Clow The Weaknesses , a . ” such subject but the brain of the town were present Modern Christianity My presumption and bold , at and testified that the discourse was " practical and full ness were first shocking but the preachers recog of of thought . " nized the wealth information accompanying the pills Such bitter and swallowed them graciously . were but never At last I reached home - Clow - twenty miles north things they knew true somehow . of Hope . It happened to be my birthday . There was touched on them ,

playing lively a good the brass band tunes old time The same day I spoke to their Sunday School and , , , I a girls in suspect stranger they

" pretty country “ dinner baseball and other that had been would have viting attractions . In the evening I spoke to them thought me sacreligious . I was impatient with bibli

on " Negro — . ” " " Leaders Past and Present Such a cal dogma and scored the old time religion unmer ,

of congratulations I . shower had never received before cifully . “ But he's young yet ” they said . “ Give him

( I hadn't felt so good since I was elected President a little time and he'll be all right . That's that New 550 THE MESSENGER [ December , 1922 .

, by Vork in him reckon . Thank the he is at , ( I Lord sity ) special music Miss Ozaree Hamilton now

least smart.” , outings

) kodaking of Bishop College with Miss * , , Willie Lee Johnson late of Lane College and numer Hope my headquarters , I made and was back there ous attentions from many others . every few days to think over what I had seen and ( in Concluded next issue ) heard . But the social set claimed me. This was city , " " you , all entertaing know while the other was [ In his conclusion next month Mr. Calvin will give " . ” country , a thorough . fur damental: clear - cut analysis of " THE , , My , L. former classmate Mr. Earl Smith late of PRESENT SOUTH " and prescribe the remedy for , Hampton my the situation . See and understand the Institute was constant companion . My REAL state , by , ,

began a Party round with Lawn conducted Mrs. of affairs Race Relations Commissions " the better , , E. ranged A. Rankin through Miss " yeneral and calls on clement and pussyfooting to the contrary

Mayme C. ( of Hamilton now New Orleans Univer notrvithstanding . " The truth this time . " )

A SYMPOSIUM ON GARVEY By NEGRO LEADERS , ,

September of IN late Chandler Owen Executive Secre Clarke the Ku Klux Klan at Atlanta Ga . He has ,

tary of of Negro a The Friends Freedom sent never made public that interview although he promised to . questionairre to twenty - five prominent Negroes of do so to

they of America see thought Garvey . what Marcus Shortly after the interview Garvey made a

Accompanying the questionairre was a personal ietter speech at New Orleans in which was this statement : , , , ,

a of it hoped and set facts which was would assist “ This is a white man's country . He found it he , , so on those who were not well posted Garvey's antics conquered it and we cant't blame him if he wants to

keep it . I of in framing their reply . am not vexed with the white man the as : The letter sent was follows , South for Jim - Crowing me because I am black .

Dear Sir : The " I never built any street cars or railroads . by . No doubt the sending of the human hand the white man built them for his own convenience And , if I to

willing to let Ku Klux Klan to A. Philip Randolph leader in the don't want ride where he's me , , . " fight against Marcus Garvey directing him to cease ride then I'd better walk

in 5 A. Randolph His attacks his MESSENGER Magazine and imme 3. On September Philip received , up by

through a a - in diately become paid member the Garvey ma the mails human hand accompanied a by ,

signed saying he be a chine has brought forcibly to your attention the fight letter the Klan had better up of

Negro paid in the Friends Freedom has been waging against member the Garvey organization ( “ your a . ” A " ) " in the Garvey menace since last July . Associated this nigger improvement association within week , of campaign co - , are Chandler Owen editor the MES second letter came September 12 postmarked New , , , of of SENGER Robert W. Bagnall director branches Orleans from which the first was postmarked .

the National Association for the Advaricement of , ,

People questionairre as Colored and Prof. William Pickens field sec The was follows : 1 . retary of the N. A. A. C. P. Do you think Garvey's policy correct for the

Negro ? The Friends are fighting Garvey because of his non American , 2. be as an resistant policy toward the Ku Klux Klan and be Do you think Garvey should deported in ?

of creating unnecessary cause of his flagrant squandering funds his alien mischief : . Black Star Line and other fantastic schemes 3. Remarks * , Garvey denies that he is allied with the Klan but

twenty - persons to it . does not condemn He says let it alone . He says Of the five whom the letter was , do

He . as : not blame white people for mistreating us . sent fourteer replied The replies are follows

says this is " a white man's country " and the Negro HARRY H. PACE go " to . ” has nothing and should get out— and Africa President , The Pace Phonograph Corporation

We believe this policy to be suicidal . We believe New York City

of Negro is in . the future the American here America concerning Replying to your inquiry Marcus Gar . to We believe it only takes time work out this future

I Garvey vey I beg to advise that do not think the

We want to know what YOU think . Kindly use the policy is the correct one for either the American Negro

enclosed purpose . blank for that ad . Garvey

of Negro or any other kind Mr. took

Very truly yours , Negroes immediately vantage of the unrest among , . .

) Sec ( Signed CHANDLER OWEN Ex following the world war when they like every other

The Friends of Negro Freedom . people were clamoring for new ideas and new things . in of P.S. - This letter is being sent to other prominent He had enough semblance substance his doctrine ,

to them appeal to unthinking everybody to be make the a pub but Negroes for the purpose of symposium to of

is to any it back Africa lished in the MESSENGER Magazine . knows how foolish think *

of an Empire movement . The whole scheme African a is is merely ideal with which The accompanying set of facts was as follows : absurd and romantic

Garvey a money . Garvey 1. Last June Marcus held secret confer to separate the fools from their has

has in cnce with Acting Imperial Wizard Edward Young linked idealism with commercialism and failed December , 1922. ] TAB MESSENGER 551

both things . He had a fine chance to be a huge com R. R. CHURCH , mercial success had he continued his business as a Politician Real Estate , business proposition instead of as a financial scheme . Memphis Tenn .

With the organization and with the start that he had In reply to your questions of September 27 I beg to

he ought to have been a tremendous factor for good advise that my answer is “ no ” to both of them . *** in the race .

It seems to me that it ought to be suggested very ARCHIBALD H. GRIMKE , to he to forcibly adjourn , , him that Africa himself President District of Columbia Branch N.A.A.C.P. go ,

taking to it with him the faithful who want and Washington D. C.

would be much better for both him and those of us To question No. 1 :

to . already I

behind done . who desire remain He has It is do in its not collosal folly .

untold damages to the race and has destroyed friends

question 2 To No. : I

us thought be . for whom we never could reached think not . The State and Federal laws ought * * to be to of sufficient take care him without resort to

CARTER G. WOODSON deportation . ** , Editor The Journal of Negro History

ROBERT S. ABBOTT , C. Washington D.

Editor , The Chicago Defender , Replying to your communication of September 27 , Chicago Ill .

I given I beg leave to say that have such little atten

Mr. to Abbott desires acknowledge receipt of your tion to the work of Marcus Garvey that I am not in of favor September 20th . a position to make an estimate of his career .

* * * You will note from news articles carried the col , CARL MURPHY umns of The Defender that we have kept pace with of in most the information contained your letter . , Editor The Afro - American I think Mr. Abbott believes that Mr. Garvey's policy , Baltimore Md . , is not correct for the American Negro and I am sure " To question No. 1 : " No. he any that feels that individual who desires to assume " question 2 : " To No. No. , a position of leadership for American Negroes ought

Remarks : " I think the authorities of To New York by to show his sincerity becoming a citizen of these

to it Garvey's

see , should that Mr. stock schemes are .

question of United States The deportation is one . ” kept bounds of the law within I do he to which not believe cares give an expression *

on .

0. A. FULLER THE ROBERT S. ABBOTT PUB . CO . , , Bishop College , Dean ( Signed ) A. L. Jackson Asst . to Pres . * , Marshall Texas . J. B. To question No. 1 : BASS , , of It is absolutely incorrect and too wide the mark Editor The California Eagle , , to be called really a policy if what I have seen in Los Angeles Cal .

question 1 : print is the thing he is advocating . To No.

I say To qilestion No. 2 : should not . , I do he is an really think that undesirable citizen To question No. 2 : !

, Yes if he can be called a citizen and if not a citizen he

To Remarks : should be handled for disturbing what may be termed

peaceful we striving to relations that are establish be I must heartily approve of the gallant fight which

tween the races . you are making against the pernicious propaganda of

To remarks : Garvey . The straw that broke the camel's back was of . I have answered the above questions in the light of his assimilation the Ku Klux Klan He has be brought

through your . the information me recent letter come a menace to the future progress of the Negro

race . I have been too busy during the summer months to * * a read anything about Mr. Garvey . I have read few J. unfavorable comments in The Richmond Planet . I EMMETI SCOTT at I . , have not the information hand that desire But Secretary - Treasurer Howard University , taking facts as I have been able to see and get hold Washington D. C.

of I of opinion Garvey is a them am the that Marcus I positive hold the definite and opinion that a too

dangerous . I people

the - character think American is struggle . intensive intra racial most destructive It can and will be able to settle all of their differences opens wider the opportunity for that inter - racial , without any interference from abroad such as Marcus struggle which we all agree is the greatest menace .

Garvey is advocating we irom which colored Americans suffer . Naturally * , cur race must be and is divided into several schools

W. E. B. DU BOIS , or groups of thought each urging a policy which it Editor , The Crisis

believes strikes at a common wrong . What we need New York City

therefore is a more charitable understanding within

I published to my opinion of have from time time and among our race groups . It is just possible and

Garvey in to in Mr. The Crisis and shall add that the highly probable that there is much right and much . , future wrong in all of us which is treated with the alchemy 552 THE MESSENGER [ December , 1922 . of intra - racial tolerance and mutual respect will yield KELLY MILLER , a product most serviceable to the race as a whole . Dean Junior College , Howard University

following my thoughts , The are with reference to Washington D. C. the questions submitted by you : To question No. 1 :

1. In re Marcus Garvey's policy for the Ameri The redemption of Africa through Negro initiative Negro can : and genius is worth the strivings of the race for the next I do not for one moment believe that any benefit half thousand years . While Garvey did not

is to come to in the , Colored Americans matter of originate this idea he has given it expression and em seriously considering the Garvey suggestion of under phasis beyond all others . It is difficult to disentangle . up The good of a taking to set government on African soil the from the evil the Garvey propaganda . In

international questions involved are too great and re so far as it stimulates Negro initiative and self reali- of is a , ; . quire no not foot statement from me There pation good in so far as impossible hopes may mis by ,

already European or African soil not claimed other lead the simple bad . The movement lacks the prac a suggestion as governments . I regard even the fan ticality and freedom from the taint of suspicion to

tastic dream . warrant adoption in its present form as a race policy . 2. In re

Garvey's question 2 : Marcus deportation : To No.

government upon principle of Our was founded the I do not think that Garvey should be deported and

free speech and tolerance of individual opinion . How am surprised that the suggestion should come from any ever much I may discredit Marcus Garvey's preach any Negro . I do not believe that individual , , be or put in

to be feeling peni ings I am disposed tolerant that the should banished from America the of

prove is acid test truth and time will what right tentiary because of his belief or the expression of it . , I in .

is imprisonment and what wrong therein We cannot wander far do not believe the expulsion or Gar of . of is ironi the teachings of Gamaliel in such matters . suppression ideas Freedom speech the bul ; , set a of

vey thinking nothing helps the suppression is has men and race wark weak the weapon of the ,

a so as . If them and nation much serious thought strong . Garvey's doctrines are false combat ; , with the truth if his dealings are devious correct them

W. ; , THOMAS TALLEY with the law if he misleads the simple show them the by , Professor of Chemistry and Biology Fisk University more excellent way . But no means should the , . Nashville Tenn oppressed become oppressor , nor the persecuted turn

I am in receipt of your communication of Septem persecutor . On . .

21 - ber I am enclosing the data sheet sent me

its face will be found my estimate of ail men of the ROBERT W. BAGNALL , Garvey Director of Branches N. A. A. C. P. type . " : " To question No. 1 No. New York City . " : " 2 To question No. Yes To question No. 1 : , , , To : in Remarks Thomas Jefferson penning the Garvey's policy is in my opinion a great menace to , . of : " Declaration Independence wrote We hold these the progress of the Negro here and elsewhere

question 2 : truths to be self evident- : That all men are created To No. by ; equal that they are endowed their Creator with Most decidedly he should be deported . He has al ; certain unalienable rights that among these are life , ready increased the friction between the races and race , essayed to . liberty and the pursuit of happiness . " antipathy He has also introduce the West It is .

the problem of . This is pure unadulterated Americanism Indian color within the race He has by up by of a standard set for and our government at its very robbed many Negroes patriotism developing , , beginning . The loyal American white man and the cult which believes Africa their country and America , ,

" country . ” beyond loyal American Negro have joined hands in an earnest the white man's He has doubt , to

bring harmony an endeavor the masses into with this made alliance with the Ku Klux Klan an organiza to all . their rich heritage . There is therefore no place in the tion hostile Negro advancement here

To Remarks : American thought and plan for men of the Garvey ,

only is Garvey a so is Garveyism . type who freely pour their oil of vitriol on men of Not menace but , of one color while they pat the men another color It fundamentally stands for segregation the root of ;

all . It is undermining a quality on the back until they can empty their pockets and our evils which must , , of then when they have emptied the pockets these be preserved in the American Negro .

in they wantonly appeal to the worst those whom have

once abused with the hope of somehow reaping a new THE ANSWER

rich harvest through their chicanery .

* ( The Importance of Being White ) ; “ A a in a JOHN E. NAIL white worm and black worm lived clod , to

, The white worm the black worm wouldn't even nod Nail & Parker Real Estate

New York City For the white worm , you know , was the Chosen One ; of

" " God To question No. 1 : No. , along came a feet stoutly shod " But man with : " To question No. 2 No.

And both the little worms without preference trod , To remarks : " I believe Mr. Garvey's first program ; Now , squashed together they fertilize the sod in for economic organization of colored peoples Amer

O dear ! what a fate for the Chosen One of God . " , ica was sound but he has deviated considerably froni . that program and developed a visionary one without JOSEPHINE COGDELL , . ” substance San Francisco Cal . December , E 1922.) TII MESSENGER 55 :3

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- solemnly said it represented the flush of youth and could not last . So called wiseacres

shook their hoary heads and prophesied its inevitable denise . But the MESSENGER is here yet ! It VINODOLILOONVALLILLALLA , by ; is here to stay . It is still youthful when measured standard journalistic longevity but it is not oi TATUOI , ,

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A Partial List of Subjects for Next Year : SCIENTIFIC AND DYNAMIC TREATISIES

Economics and Politics Education and Literature A of Negro

New . Solution the Problem Training Negro Children to be Good— ?

Negro ? The Awakening of the American Workers Where Stands the Church

Landlords and Tenants- ( ? ) Negroes Friends Will Become Lynchers ?

DOWNLOILOWAWAOMLA Harding's ? The Truth About Negro Policy . Will France Become Americanized in of The Crisis the Negro Worker . New Problems Medicine

The Disarmament Fiasco . Ignorant College Grarluates

Growing of The Revolt Color Against White Why Anti Lynching- Isn't Popular NOONVILLOIVUILDIVALULUILDILUIDE VIDEO " ” “ World Dominion . Rape : " Active and Passive " " of Progress - Vain Colored Street The March Negroes Keep Up !

Wliy Psychic of White Leadership Is No Longer Results White Domination

Accepted . Birth Control "

Imperialisin ! " DILDWIDUALI American Modern Christianity Who's Who

White Wonien -- Gold and Brass TOROLONUSOVALOT

Newspapers - The Scandal ( ous )

The Jew in America A - Psycho Analysis of the Flapper Negro :

Struggling “ Women BOTH ” Ways

Negro - A The Soldier Tragedy in Three Acts " The Colored " Velting Pot The Sex Bogey ' ' The Colored " 400 " “ The American Peepul ” VROUNDROHELILOVILOR

Negro or

person to of .

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