Isolamento E Identificação De Substâncias Bioativas Produzidas Por Fungos Endofíticos Associados a Piptadenia Adiantoides (Fabaceae)

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Isolamento E Identificação De Substâncias Bioativas Produzidas Por Fungos Endofíticos Associados a Piptadenia Adiantoides (Fabaceae) Fernanda Fraga Campos Isolamento e identificação de substâncias bioativas produzidas por fungos endofíticos associados a Piptadenia adiantoides (Fabaceae) Belo Horizonte, MG UFMG/Microbiologia 2009 ii Fernanda Fraga Campos Isolamento e identificação de substâncias bioativas produzidos por fungos endofíticos associados a Piptadenia adiantoides (Fabaceae) Orientador: Dr. Carlos Leomar Zani Co-orientadores: Prof. Dr. Carlos Augusto Rosa Prof. Dr. Luiz Henrique Rosa Tese apresentada ao programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais como requisito parcial a obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências Biológicas, área de concentração, Microbiologia. Belo Horizonte, MG 2009 iii Dedico está tese a minha querida sobrinha e afilhada Luísa. iv AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Dr. Carlos Leomar Zani, pela orientação, confiança, paciência, conhecimentos transmitidos, convivência agradável, amizade e disponibilidade dos recursos do Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais do Centro de Pesquisas rené Rachou – Fiocruz para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho; Ao Professor Dr. Carlos Augusto Rosa, por ter me recebido em seu laboratório quando eu era ainda aluna da graduação, obrigada pelo incentivo e disponibilidade dos recursos do Laboratório de Ecologia e Biotecnologia de Leveduras do Departamento de Microbiologia da UFMG; Ao Professor Dr. Luiz Henrique Rosa pela colaboração nos trabalhos desenvolvidos; À Dra. Tânia Alves pela importante ajuda no desenvolvimento deste trabalho e contribuição com seus conhecimentos; Aos companheiros do Laboratório de Ecologia e Biotecnologia de Leveduras da UFMG pelo convívio, amizade e paciência; Aos amigos e companheiros de trabalho do Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Dani, Paty, Ezequias, Luciana e Márcia, pela amizade, paciência e importante ajuda na confecção deste trabalho; Aos amigos do Departamento de Microbiologia Andréa, Leo, Dra. Regina Nardi, Dra. Vera Lúcia, Dra. Maria Rosa pela amizade e convivência agradável nos curtos encontros nos corredores do ICB; Aos colaboradores deste trabalho, Ana Rabello, Betânia Cota, Patrícia Cisalpino, Rachel Caligiorne, Susana Johann e Tânia Alves a colaboração com vocês foi imprescindível para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho; À minha família, meus pais Edson (in memorian) e Sueli, meus irmãos, Daniela, Marco Túlio e Thiago pelo apoio e compreensão; À minha querida sobrinha e afilhada, Luísa Campos Portela, seu nascimento trouxe mais vida para toda nossa família, obrigado por você existir em nossas vidas. TE AMO! v Ao Glauco e família por terem me apoiado durante todo o período do doutorado; Às amigas Bets e Susana do LQPN que sempre estavam disponíveis para me ajudar durante todo o período do doutorado. Sem vocês a vida de doutoranda teria sido muito mais difícil. Obrigada! Agradeço especialmente à amiga Bets, pois além de amiga foi minha professora; Às amigas, Mariana, Priscila, Fabiana, Syomara, Cristina, Poliana e Vivian, pela amizade que fizemos durante este período do doutorado. Agradeço especialmente a amiga Mariana que me ajudou no desenvolvimento deste trabalho; A Alessandra, uma pessoa incrível que conheci durante meu doutorado é que me ajudou muito nesta caminhada; Ao revisor desta tese, Professor Ary Correa Júnior, pelas sugestões; Aos componentes da banca de qualificação, Dra. Jovita Gazzinelli e a Dra. Patrícia Cisalpino, a contribuição de vocês foi inestimável; A secretaria do curso de pós-graduação, ICB, UFMG; A coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pela bolsa de doutorado; Enfim, a todos que de alguma forma contribuíram para a realização desta Tese, obrigada! vi COLABORADORES 1 Dra. Betania Barros Cota 1 Dra. Tânia Maria de Almeida Alves 1 Dra. Susana Johann 2 Dra. Ana Lúcia Teles Rabello 2 Dra. Rachel Basques Caligiorne 3 Dra. Patrícia Silva Cisalpino 1 Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais – Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ. 2 Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas – Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ. 3 Laboratório de Microbiologia – Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG. SUPORTE FINANCEIRO CAPES – Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior FIOCRUZ – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz FAPEMIG – Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CNPq – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico vii SUMÁRIO Agradecimentos.....................................................................................................iv Colaboradores.......................................................................................................vi Lista de figuras......................................................................................................ix Lista de tabelas.......................................................................................................x Lista de abreviaturas, siglas e símbolos..............................................................xi Resumo.................................................................................................................xiii Abstract................................................................................................................xiv 1. Introdução.........................................................................................................15 2. Revisão bibliográfica........................................................................................19 2.1 Introdução as Doenças.............................................................................20 2.1.1 Leishmaniose.........................................................................................21 2.1.2 Doença de Chagas.................................................................................24 2.1.3 Paracoccidioidomicose..........................................................................26 2.1.4 Câncer....................................................................................................29 2.1.5 Infecções Causadas por Microrganismos Patogênicos......................30 2.2 Fungos Endofíticos – Fontes para a Descoberta de Novas Drogas......33 2.2.1 Produtos Naturais – Origem Microbiana ou Vegetal?......................34 2.2.3 Produtos Naturais de Fungos Endofíticos...........................................36 2.3 Piptadenia adiantoides..............................................................................41 2.3.1 O Gênero Bipolaris, Shoemaker, 1959 e seu teleomorfo Cochliobolus....................................................................................................43 2.3.2 O Gênero Fusarium Link, 1809...........................................................45 2.4 Estudo de Fungos Endofíticos – Uma Investigação Promissora..........47 3. Objetivos...........................................................................................................49 3.1 Geral..........................................................................................................50 viii 3.2 Específicos.................................................................................................50 4. Metodologia, Resultados e Discussão.............................................................52 5. Artigo Cochliobolus..........................................................................................54 6. Artigo Fusarium...............................................................................................82 7. Artigo Bipolaris...............................................................................................107 8. Discussão integrada........................................................................................128 9. Conclusões.......................................................................................................135 10. Perspectivas..................................................................................................138 11. Referências bibliográficas...........................................................................140 12. Anexos...........................................................................................................152 ix LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1. Leishmaniose cutânea causada por Leishmania amazonensis (Saúde, 2009)...................................................................................................22 Figura 2. PCM no lábio inferior (Ramos-e-Silva, 2000)...................................28 Figura 3. Paclitaxol, substância anticancer produzida pelo fungo Taxonomyces andreanae (Strobel & Daisy, 2003)........................................35 Figura 4. Criptocandina, Substância antifúngica isolada de Cryptosporiopsis quercinia (Strobel et al., 1999).......................................................................37 Figura 5. Citochalasinas, substâncias anticancer produzidas pelo endofítico Rinocladiella sp. (Wagenaar et al., 2000).....................................................39 Figura 6. Pestacina (7) e isopestacina (8), substâncias com atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana (Strobel & Daisy, 2003)..............................40 Figura 7. Piptadenia adiantoides em época de floração (Rosa, 2006)...............42 Figura 8. Hierarquia taxonômica de Piptadenia adiantoides............................42 Figura 9. 6-epi-3anhydroophiobolina B, isolada de Cochliobolus sp......................................................................................................................44 Figura 10. Subglutinol A, substância com atividade imunossupressora isolado
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