AR TICLE Recommended Names for Pleomorphic Genera In
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Based on a Newly-Discovered Species
A peer-reviewed open-access journal MycoKeys 76: 1–16 (2020) doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.76.58628 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://mycokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research The insights into the evolutionary history of Translucidithyrium: based on a newly-discovered species Xinhao Li1, Hai-Xia Wu1, Jinchen Li1, Hang Chen1, Wei Wang1 1 International Fungal Research and Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China Corresponding author: Hai-Xia Wu ([email protected], [email protected]) Academic editor: N. Wijayawardene | Received 15 September 2020 | Accepted 25 November 2020 | Published 17 December 2020 Citation: Li X, Wu H-X, Li J, Chen H, Wang W (2020) The insights into the evolutionary history of Translucidithyrium: based on a newly-discovered species. MycoKeys 76: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.76.58628 Abstract During the field studies, aTranslucidithyrium -like taxon was collected in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan Province, during an investigation into the diversity of microfungi in the southwest of China. Morpho- logical observations and phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU and ITS sequences revealed that the new taxon is a member of the genus Translucidithyrium and it is distinct from other species. Therefore, Translucidithyrium chinense sp. nov. is introduced here. The Maximum Clade Credibility (MCC) tree from LSU rDNA of Translucidithyrium and related species indicated the divergence time of existing and new species of Translucidithyrium was crown age at 16 (4–33) Mya. Combining the estimated diver- gence time, paleoecology and plate tectonic movements with the corresponding geological time scale, we proposed a hypothesis that the speciation (estimated divergence time) of T. -
A Metagenomic Approach to Understand Stand Failure in Bromus Tectorum
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2019-06-01 A Metagenomic Approach to Understand Stand Failure in Bromus tectorum Nathan Joseph Ricks Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Ricks, Nathan Joseph, "A Metagenomic Approach to Understand Stand Failure in Bromus tectorum" (2019). Theses and Dissertations. 8549. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8549 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. A Metagenomic Approach to Understand Stand Failure in Bromus tectorum Nathan Joseph Ricks A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Craig Coleman, Chair John Chaston Susan Meyer Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University Copyright © 2019 Nathan Joseph Ricks All Rights Reserved ABSTACT A Metagenomic Approach to Understand Stand Failure in Bromus tectorum Nathan Joseph Ricks Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, BYU Master of Science Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) is an invasive annual grass that has colonized large portions of the Intermountain west. Cheatgrass stand failures have been observed throughout the invaded region, the cause of which may be related to the presence of several species of pathogenic fungi in the soil or surface litter. In this study, metagenomics was used to better understand and compare the fungal communities between sites that have and have not experienced stand failure. -
The Fungi Constitute a Major Eukary- Members of the Monophyletic Kingdom Fungi ( Fig
American Journal of Botany 98(3): 426–438. 2011. T HE FUNGI: 1, 2, 3 … 5.1 MILLION SPECIES? 1 Meredith Blackwell 2 Department of Biological Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA • Premise of the study: Fungi are major decomposers in certain ecosystems and essential associates of many organisms. They provide enzymes and drugs and serve as experimental organisms. In 1991, a landmark paper estimated that there are 1.5 million fungi on the Earth. Because only 70 000 fungi had been described at that time, the estimate has been the impetus to search for previously unknown fungi. Fungal habitats include soil, water, and organisms that may harbor large numbers of understudied fungi, estimated to outnumber plants by at least 6 to 1. More recent estimates based on high-throughput sequencing methods suggest that as many as 5.1 million fungal species exist. • Methods: Technological advances make it possible to apply molecular methods to develop a stable classifi cation and to dis- cover and identify fungal taxa. • Key results: Molecular methods have dramatically increased our knowledge of Fungi in less than 20 years, revealing a mono- phyletic kingdom and increased diversity among early-diverging lineages. Mycologists are making signifi cant advances in species discovery, but many fungi remain to be discovered. • Conclusions: Fungi are essential to the survival of many groups of organisms with which they form associations. They also attract attention as predators of invertebrate animals, pathogens of potatoes and rice and humans and bats, killers of frogs and crayfi sh, producers of secondary metabolites to lower cholesterol, and subjects of prize-winning research. -
Thesis FINAL PRINT
Preface This study was conducted at the Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (IKBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB) during November 2009 to November 2010. My supervisors were Professor Dr Arne Tronsmo and PhD student Md. Hafizur Rahman, Department of IKBM, UMB. I express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to Professor Arne Tronsmo and Dr. Linda Gordon Hjeljord for their dynamic guidance throughout the period of the study, constant encouragement, constructive criticism and valuable suggestion during preparation of the thesis. I also want to thank Md. Hafizur Rahman for his guidance during my research work. Moreover I express my sincere gratitude to Grethe Kobro and Else Maria Aasen and all other staffs and workers at IKBM, UMB for their helpful co-operation to complete the research work in the laboratory. Last but not the least; I feel the heartiest indebtedness to Sabine and my family members for their patient inspirations, sacrifices and never ending encouragement. Ås, January 2011 Latifur Rahman Shovan i Abstract This thesis has been focused on methods to control diseases caused by Botrytis cinerea. B. cinerea causes grey mould disease of strawberry and chickpea, as well as many other plants. The fungal isolates used were isolated from chickpea leaf (Gazipur, Bangladesh) or obtained from the Norwegian culture collections of Bioforsk (Ås) and IKBM (UMB). Both morphological and molecular characterization helped to identify the fungal isolates as Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea 101 and B. cinerea-BD), Trichoderma atroviride, T. asperellum Alternaria brassicicola, and Mucor piriformis. The identity of one fungal isolate, which was obtained from the culture collection of Bioforsk under the name Microdochium majus, could not be confirmed in this study. -
Diversity of Entomopathogens Fungi: Which Groups Conquered
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/003756; this version posted April 4, 2014. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Diversity of entomopathogens Fungi: Which groups conquered the insect body? João P. M. Araújoa & David P. Hughesb aDepartment of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America. bDepartment of Entomology and Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America. [email protected]; [email protected]; Abstract The entomopathogenic Fungi comprise a wide range of ecologically diverse species. This group of parasites can be found distributed among all fungal phyla and as well as among the ecologically similar but phylogenetically distinct Oomycetes or water molds, that belong to a different kingdom (Stramenopila). As a group, the entomopathogenic fungi and water molds parasitize a wide range of insect hosts from aquatic larvae in streams to adult insects of high canopy tropical forests. Their hosts are spread among 18 orders of insects, in all developmental stages such as: eggs, larvae, pupae, nymphs and adults exhibiting completely different ecologies. Such assortment of niches has resulted in these parasites evolving a considerable morphological diversity, resulting in enormous biodiversity, much of which remains unknown. Here we gather together a huge amount of records of these entomopathogens to comparing and describe both their morphologies and ecological traits. These findings highlight a wide range of adaptations that evolved following the evolutionary transition to infecting the most diverse and widespread animals on Earth, the insects. -
A New Species of Chaetothyrina on Branches of Mango, and Introducing Phaeothecoidiellaceae Fam
Mycosphere 8 (1): 137–146 (2017) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/8/1/13 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences A new species of Chaetothyrina on branches of mango, and introducing Phaeothecoidiellaceae fam. nov. Hongsanan S1,2,3, Zhao RL4, Hyde KD1,2,3 1World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China 2Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road No 132, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650201, PR China 3Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 4The State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science No.3 1st Beichen West Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China Hongsanan S, Zhao RL, Hyde KD. 2017 – A new species of Chaetothyrina on branches of mango, and introducing Phaeothecoidiellaceae fam. nov. Mycosphere 8 (1), 137–146, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/8/1/13 Abstract The new family Phaeothecoidiellaceae, introduced in this paper, comprises several species which cause sooty blotch and flyspeck diseases of several economic fruits. This results in quality issues with fruits and plants, due to the black thallus and small black dots coating the surface. Most species of Phaeothecoidiellaceae are biotrophs and are unculturable without the host material, and direct-sequencing is difficult because of the very small and flattened thyriothecia. Therefore, this fungal group is relative poorly known due to limited sampling and few in-depth studies. "Microthyriales"-like taxa appearing as small black dots on the surface of mango trees were collected in northern Thailand. -
Novel Genera Accommodating Epiphytic Fungi Causing Sooty Blotch on Apple
Persoonia 24, 2010: 93–105 www.persoonia.org RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/003158510X510560 Microcyclospora and Microcyclosporella: novel genera accommodating epiphytic fungi causing sooty blotch on apple J. Frank1, P.W. Crous 2,3, J.Z. Groenewald 2, B. Oertel4, K.D. Hyde 5, P. Phengsintham 5, H.-J. Schroers1 Key words Abstract Recent studies have found a wide range of ascomycetes to be associated with sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) blemishes on the surfaces of pomaceous fruits, specifically apples. Based on collections of such fungi from Devriesia apple orchards in Germany and Slovenia we introduce two novel genera according to analyses of morphological hyphomycetes characters and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences (large subunit and internal transcribed spacer regions). Micro Malus cyclosporella is represented by a single species, M. mali, and is presently known from Germany and Slovenia. microfungi Microcyclosporella is Pseudocercosporella-like in morphology, but genetically and morphologically distinct from Pseudocercospora Pseudocercosporella s.str., for which an epitype is designated based on a fresh collection of P. bakeri from Laos. Pseudocercosporella Furthermore, Pseudocercosporella is shown to be paraphyletic within the Capnodiales. Microcyclospora gen. nov. is SBFS Pseudocercospora-like in morphology, but is genetically and morphologically distinct from Pseudocercospora s.str., taxonomy which is based on P. vitis. Three species, Microcyclospora malicola, M. pomicola (both collected in Germany), and M. tardicrescens (collected in Slovenia) are described. Finally, a new species of Devriesia, D. pseudoamericana, is described from pome fruit surfaces collected in Germany. Devriesia is shown to be paraphyletic, and to represent several lineages of which only Devriesia s.str. is thermotolerant. -
271 REFERENCES Abdullah, S.K. and Taj-Aldeen, S.J. (1989
271 REFERENCES Abdullah, S.K. and Taj-Aldeen, S.J. (1989). Extracellular enzymatic activity of aquatic and aero-aquatic conidial fungi. Hydrobiologia 174: 217–223. Abler, S.W. (2003). Ecology and taxonomy of Leptosphaerulina spp. associated with turfgrasses in the United States. M.S. Thesis. Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. Adams, D.J. (2004). Fungal cell wall chitinases and glucanases. Microbiology 150: 2029–2035. Agrios, G.N. (2005). Plant Pathology. 5th ed. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida. Elsevier Academic Press. Ahn, Y. (1996). Taxonomic revision of taxa originally described in Leptosphaeria from species in the Ranunculaceae, Papaveraceae and Magnoliaceae. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Illinois at Urbana-Campaign. Ainsworth, G.C. and Bisby, G.R. (1943). Dictionary of The Fungi. Wallingford, UK, CAB International. Alexopoulos, C.J., Mims, C.W. and Blackwell, M. (1996). Introductory Mycology. 4th ed. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Alias, S.A., Kuthubutheen, A.J.and Jones, E.B.G. (1995). Frequency of occurrence of fungi on wood in Malaysian mangroves. Hydrobiologia 295 : 97–106. Allen, R.B., Buchanan, P.K., Clinton, P.W. and Cone, A.J. (2000). Composition and diversity of fungi on decaying logs in a New Zealand temperate beech 272 (Nothofagus) forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30: 1025–1033. Anderson, N.H. and Sedell, J.R. (1979). Detritus processing by macroinvertebrates in stream ecosystems. Annual Review of Entomology 24: 351–377. Ando, K. (1992). A Study of terrestrial aquatic Hyphomycetes. Transaction of Mycological Society of Japan 33: 415–425. Anonymous. (1995). JMP® Statistics and graphics guide. -
Studies in Mycology 75: 171–212
STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 75: 171–212. Alternaria redefined J.H.C. Woudenberg1,2*, J.Z. Groenewald1, M. Binder1 and P.W. Crous1,2,3 1CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; 3Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Microbiology, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands *Correspondence: Joyce H.C. Woudenberg, [email protected] Abstract: Alternaria is a ubiquitous fungal genus that includes saprobic, endophytic and pathogenic species associated with a wide variety of substrates. In recent years, DNA- based studies revealed multiple non-monophyletic genera within the Alternaria complex, and Alternaria species clades that do not always correlate to species-groups based on morphological characteristics. The Alternaria complex currently comprises nine genera and eight Alternaria sections. The aim of this study was to delineate phylogenetic lineages within Alternaria and allied genera based on nucleotide sequence data of parts of the 18S nrDNA, 28S nrDNA, ITS, GAPDH, RPB2 and TEF1-alpha gene regions. Our data reveal a Pleospora/Stemphylium clade sister to Embellisia annulata, and a well-supported Alternaria clade. The Alternaria clade contains 24 internal clades and six monotypic lineages, the assemblage of which we recognise as Alternaria. This puts the genera Allewia, Brachycladium, Chalastospora, Chmelia, Crivellia, Embellisia, Lewia, Nimbya, Sinomyces, Teretispora, Ulocladium, Undifilum and Ybotromyces in synonymy with Alternaria. In this study, we treat the 24 internal clades in the Alternaria complex as sections, which is a continuation of a recent proposal for the taxonomic treatment of lineages in Alternaria. -
Stemphylium Revisited
available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 87: 77–103 (2017). Stemphylium revisited J.H.C. Woudenberg1, B. Hanse2, G.C.M. van Leeuwen3, J.Z. Groenewald1, and P.W. Crous1,4,5* 1Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2IRS, P.O. Box 32, 4600 AA Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands; 3National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO-NL), P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC, Wageningen, The Netherlands; 4Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; 5Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa *Correspondence: P.W. Crous, [email protected] Abstract: In 2007 a new Stemphylium leaf spot disease of Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) spread through the Netherlands. Attempts to identify this destructive Stemphylium sp. in sugar beet led to a phylogenetic revision of the genus. The name Stemphylium has been recommended for use over that of its sexual morph, Pleospora, which is polyphyletic. Stemphylium forms a well-defined monophyletic genus in the Pleosporaceae, Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes), but lacks an up-to-date phylogeny. To address this issue, the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 and intervening 5.8S nr DNA (ITS) of all available Stemphylium and Pleospora isolates from the CBS culture collection of the Westerdijk Institute (N = 418), and from 23 freshly collected isolates obtained from sugar beet and related hosts, were sequenced to construct an overview phylogeny (N = 350). Based on their phylogenetic informativeness, parts of the protein-coding genes calmodulin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydro- genase were also sequenced for a subset of isolates (N = 149). -
Myconet Volume 14 Part One. Outine of Ascomycota – 2009 Part Two
(topsheet) Myconet Volume 14 Part One. Outine of Ascomycota – 2009 Part Two. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4751 – 5113. Fieldiana, Botany H. Thorsten Lumbsch Dept. of Botany Field Museum 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr. Chicago, IL 60605 (312) 665-7881 fax: 312-665-7158 e-mail: [email protected] Sabine M. Huhndorf Dept. of Botany Field Museum 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr. Chicago, IL 60605 (312) 665-7855 fax: 312-665-7158 e-mail: [email protected] 1 (cover page) FIELDIANA Botany NEW SERIES NO 00 Myconet Volume 14 Part One. Outine of Ascomycota – 2009 Part Two. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4751 – 5113 H. Thorsten Lumbsch Sabine M. Huhndorf [Date] Publication 0000 PUBLISHED BY THE FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2 Table of Contents Abstract Part One. Outline of Ascomycota - 2009 Introduction Literature Cited Index to Ascomycota Subphylum Taphrinomycotina Class Neolectomycetes Class Pneumocystidomycetes Class Schizosaccharomycetes Class Taphrinomycetes Subphylum Saccharomycotina Class Saccharomycetes Subphylum Pezizomycotina Class Arthoniomycetes Class Dothideomycetes Subclass Dothideomycetidae Subclass Pleosporomycetidae Dothideomycetes incertae sedis: orders, families, genera Class Eurotiomycetes Subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae Subclass Eurotiomycetidae Subclass Mycocaliciomycetidae Class Geoglossomycetes Class Laboulbeniomycetes Class Lecanoromycetes Subclass Acarosporomycetidae Subclass Lecanoromycetidae Subclass Ostropomycetidae 3 Lecanoromycetes incertae sedis: orders, genera Class Leotiomycetes Leotiomycetes incertae sedis: families, genera Class Lichinomycetes Class Orbiliomycetes Class Pezizomycetes Class Sordariomycetes Subclass Hypocreomycetidae Subclass Sordariomycetidae Subclass Xylariomycetidae Sordariomycetes incertae sedis: orders, families, genera Pezizomycotina incertae sedis: orders, families Part Two. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4751 – 5113 Introduction Literature Cited 4 Abstract Part One presents the current classification that includes all accepted genera and higher taxa above the generic level in the phylum Ascomycota. -
Endophytic Fungi of Olive Tree and Their Exploitation in the Biological
ESCUELA SUPERIOR Y TÉCNICA DE INGENIERÍA AGRARIA INGENIERÍA DE BIOSISTEMAS Endophytic fungi of olive tree and their exploitation in the biological control of olive anthracnose Doctoral Thesis Maria de Fátima Tomé Martins Director: Professora Doutora Paula Cristina Santos Baptista León 2020 ESCUELA SUPERIOR Y TÉCNICA DE INGENIERÍA AGRARIA INGENIERÍA DE BIOSISTEMAS Hongos endofíticos del olivo y su aprovechamiento para el control biológico de la antracnosis del olivo Tesis Doctoral Maria de Fátima Tomé Martins Director: Profesora Doctora Paula Cristina Santos Baptista León 2020 This research was supported by FEDER funds through the COMPETE (Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors) and by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) within the POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031133 project and FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020), as well as the Horizon 2020, the European Union’s Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, for financial support the project PRIMA/0002/2018. Fátima Martins also thanks the individual research grant ref. SFRH / BD / 112234/2015 award by FCT. The studies presented in this thesis were performed at the AgroBioTechnology Laboratory, at the Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), School of Agriculture Polytechnic Institute of Bragança. Às minhas filhas Acknowledgements Neste momento, é com enorme gosto e satisfação que agradeço a todos aqueles que direta ou indiretamente contribuíram para a realização e conclusão deste trabalho. Em primeiro lugar gostaria de agradecer em especial à minha orientadora. À Professora Doutora Paula Cristina dos Santos Baptista, da Escola Superior Agrária, por toda a orientação prestada durante a realização do trabalho ao nível laboratorial e escrito, bem como, por todo o conhecimento transmitido, paciência, disponibilidade e acima de tudo pela amizade e carinho demonstrados ao longo destes anos.