DOCSLIB.ORG

Boron Chalcogenides Under Extreme Conditions Kirill Cherednichenko

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Boron Chalcogenides Under Extreme Conditions Kirill Cherednichenko Boron chalcogenides under extreme conditions Kirill Cherednichenko To cite this version: Kirill Cherednichenko. Boron chalcogenides under extreme conditions. Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph]. Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2015. English. NNT : 2015PA066602. tel-01660119 HAL Id: tel-01660119 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01660119 Submitted on 10 Dec 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. École Doctorale №397 : Ecole Doctorale Physique et Chimie des Matériaux Thèse présentée par Kirill Cherednichenko Pour obtenir le titre de Docteur de l’Université Pierre et Marie Curie Boron Chalcogenides under Extreme Conditions Date de Soutenance : 8 Décembre 2015 Composition du jury : Dr. Jean-Louis Hodeau Rapporteur Prof. Fernando Rodriguez Rapporteur Prof. Chrystèle Sanloup Examinateur Prof. Domingo Martinez-Garcia Examinateur Dr. Stefan Klotz Directeur de thèse Dr. Jean-Paul Itié Co-Directeur de thèse Dr. Yann Le Godec Encadrant Prof. Vladimir Solozhenko Encadrant Thèse préparée au sein du laboratoire Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin - BP 48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, CEDEX, France. Dedicated to my parents Remerciements Le travail présenté dans cette thèse a été réalisé dans le cadre du projet ANR programme Blanc «BCNOP» (Synthesis of Novel High-Pressure Phases in the B–C–N–O–P System) au sein des laboratoires synchrotron SOLEIL, IMPMC (UPMC) et LSPM-CNRS (Université Paris 13). Je tiens à remercier l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche pour le financement de ce projet. J’exprime toute ma reconnaissance au Prof. Fernando Rodriguez et au Dr. Jean-Louis Hodeau qui m’ont fait l’honneur de rapporter et examiner ce travail. Je tiens aussi à remercier la Prof. Chrystèle Sanloup et le Prof. Domingo Martinez-Garcia pour avoir accepté de participer à mon jury de thèse. Toute ma reconnaissance et ma sympathie vont également au directeur « administratif » de ma thèse Dr. Stefan Klotz, ainsi qu’au co-directeur de la thèse Dr. Jean-Paul Itié et à mes encadrants, le Prof. Vladimir L. Solozhenko et Dr. Yann Le Godec, pour m’avoir accueilli, orienté, encadré et soutenu, pour leurs conseils et leur interminable patience tout le long de ma thèse. Je remercie aussi les membres de la ligne PSICHE du synchrotron SOLEIL, en particulier Nicolas Guignot, Andrew King pour leur aide, patience, soutien et gentillesse, et Pierrick Zerbino pour le support technique. Je dois mes remerciements à Aleksandr Kalinko pour les calculs ab initio qui était une grande contribution à la thèse. Mes remerciements vont aussi à Stéphanie Blanchandin, Francois Baudelet, Lucie Nataf, Leonardo Properzi, Manh-Hung Chu, Arlensiú Celis et Maya Narayanan Nair. Je remercie également l’équipe de l’IMPMC à l’Université Pierre et Marie Curie. Je dois ma reconnaissance à Hicham Moutaabbid pour son aide dans les mesures SEM dont les résultats ont été utilisés dans cette thèse, à Pascal Munsch et à Gilles Le Marchand pour leur disponibilité et aide dans la préparation des CEDs, à Keevin Beneut pour son aide et assistance dans les mesures Raman sous haute pression et à Benoit Baptiste pour son aide dans les mesures XRD. Je voudrais remercier Alain Polian pour son soutien, sa gentillesse, l’échange d’information et une grande contribution à la thèse. Mes remerciements vont aussi à Oleksandr Kurakevych, Frederic Datchi, Sandra Ninet et Simon Ayrinhac. Je dois mes remerciements à l’équipe ID27 du synchrotron ESRF en particulier à Mohamed Mezouar, Gaston Garbarino et Volodymyr Svitlyk pour leur disponibilité et leur amabilité ainsi que pour une partie des mesures XRD sous pression qui ont été également utilisées dans ce manuscrit. Je remercie aussi les membres d’équipe de LSPM-CNRS à l’Université Paris 13, en particulier à Petr Sokolov et Vladimir Mukhanov pour leur aide et assistance dans l’apprentissage de travail sur les presses de grand volume et pour une grande contribution à la thèse. Je dois remercier aussi Alexandre Tallaire pour son aide et assistance dans les mesures du Raman sous les conditions ambiantes et extrêmes. Un grand merci à tous mes collaborateurs et collègues, j’associe ma famille et mon amie à ces remerciements pour leur soutien constant au cours de ces trois années. List of abbreviations ADX Angle Dispersive X-Ray AP Ambient Pressure BM Bending Magnet BRC Boron-rich compounds CN Coordination Number MDAC Membrane Diamond Anvil Cell DFT Density Functional Theory ECP Effective Core Potential EDX Energy Dispersive X-Ray EL Edge Length EoS Equation of State ESRF European Synchrotron Radiation Facility EXAFS Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure FWHM Full Width at Half Maximum HP High Pressure HT High Temperature HF Hartree-Fock ID Insertion Device LCAO Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals LINAC Linear Accelerator LVP Large Volume Press PBE Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof PEP Paris-Edinburgh Press PSICHE Pressure, Structure and Imaging by Contrast at High Energy RT Room Temperature SOLEIL Source Optimisée de Lumière d’Énergie Intermédiaire du LURE SD Sintered Diamonds TEL Truncation Edge Length TTP Toroid Type Press XAFS X-ray Absorption Fine Structure XANES X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure XRD X-ray Diffraction XRS X-ray Raman Scattering Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter I ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 1 Chemistry of boron and boron-rich solids ........................................................................................ 6 1.1 Boron: state of art ................................................................................................................... 6 1.1.1 α-rhombohedral boron (α-B12) ................................................................................................. 7 1.1.2 β-rhombohedral boron (β-B106) ................................................................................................ 9 1.1.3 γ-orthorhombic “ionic” boron (γ-B28) ................................................................................... 12 1.2 General review of boron-rich solids ..................................................................................... 14 1.3 Boron suboxide B6O – the hardest oxide. Motivation of the present study ...................... 16 2 Boron chalcogenides systems ............................................................................................................. 16 2.1 General review of VIa group of Mendeleev Periodic Table of Elements ......................... 16 2.2 B-O system ............................................................................................................................. 17 2.2.1 Low-pressure phase of boron trioxide α-B2O3 ....................................................................... 17 2.2.2 High-pressure phase of boron trioxide β-B2O3 ..................................................................... 19 2.2.3 Boron suboxide B6O ............................................................................................................... 20 2.3 B-S system .............................................................................................................................. 23 2.3.1 Rhombohedral boron monosulfide r-BS ............................................................................... 24 2.3.2 Boron trisulfide B2S3 .............................................................................................................. 26 2.3.3 Boron subsulfide B12S2-x ......................................................................................................... 27 2.4 B-Se system ............................................................................................................................ 28 2.4.1 Boron subselenide B12Se2-xBx ................................................................................................. 28 Chapter II .................................................................................................................................................. 30 3 High pressure techniques ................................................................................................................ 31 3.1 Pressure generation techniques ............................................................................................ 31 3.2 Diamond anvil cell (DAC) ..................................................................................................... 32 3.2.1 Generating high pressures ..................................................................................................... 33 3.2.2 Measuring high pressures ...................................................................................................... 34 3.3 Paris-Edinburgh press .......................................................................................................... 35 3.3.1 Generating high pressures and temperatures
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Systematic Review Protocol for the Inorganic Mercury Salts IRIS Assessment
    EPA/635/R-20/239 IRIS Assessment Protocol www.epa.gov/iris Systematic Review Protocol for the Inorganic Mercury Salts IRIS Assessment CASRN 7487-94-7 (Mercuric Chloride) CASRN 1344-48-5 (Mercuric Sulfide) CASRN 10112-91-1 (Mercurous Chloride) February 2021 Integrated Risk Information System Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Systematic Review Protocol for the Inorganic Mercury Salts IRIS Assessment DISCLAIMER This document is a preliminary draft for review purposes only. This information is distributed solely for review purposes under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by the Environmental Protection Agency. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. It is being circulated for comments on its technical clarity and science policy implications. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This document is a draft for review purposes only and does not constitute Agency policy. ii DRAFT―DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE Systematic Review Protocol for the Inorganic Mercury Salts IRIS Assessment CONTENTS AUTHORS|CONTRIBUTORS|REVIEWERS ........................................................................................................ 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Abietic Acid R Abrasive Silica for Polishing DR Acenaphthene M (LC
    1 abietic acid R abrasive silica for polishing DR acenaphthene M (LC) acenaphthene quinone R acenaphthylene R acetal (see 1,1-diethoxyethane) acetaldehyde M (FC) acetaldehyde-d (CH3CDO) R acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal CH acetaldoxime R acetamide M (LC) acetamidinium chloride R acetamidoacrylic acid 2- NB acetamidobenzaldehyde p- R acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride 4- R acetamidodeoxythioglucopyranose triacetate 2- -2- -1- -β-D- 3,4,6- AB acetamidomethylthiazole 2- -4- PB acetanilide M (LC) acetazolamide R acetdimethylamide see dimethylacetamide, N,N- acethydrazide R acetic acid M (solv) acetic anhydride M (FC) acetmethylamide see methylacetamide, N- acetoacetamide R acetoacetanilide R acetoacetic acid, lithium salt R acetobromoglucose -α-D- NB acetohydroxamic acid R acetoin R acetol (hydroxyacetone) R acetonaphthalide (α)R acetone M (solv) acetone ,A.R. M (solv) acetone-d6 RM acetone cyanohydrin R acetonedicarboxylic acid ,dimethyl ester R acetonedicarboxylic acid -1,3- R acetone dimethyl acetal see dimethoxypropane 2,2- acetonitrile M (solv) acetonitrile-d3 RM acetonylacetone see hexanedione 2,5- acetonylbenzylhydroxycoumarin (3-(α- -4- R acetophenone M (LC) acetophenone oxime R acetophenone trimethylsilyl enol ether see phenyltrimethylsilyl... acetoxyacetone (oxopropyl acetate 2-) R acetoxybenzoic acid 4- DS acetoxynaphthoic acid 6- -2- R 2 acetylacetaldehyde dimethylacetal R acetylacetone (pentanedione -2,4-) M (C) acetylbenzonitrile p- R acetylbiphenyl 4- see phenylacetophenone, p- acetyl bromide M (FC) acetylbromothiophene 2- -5-
    [Show full text]
  • Exposure and Use Assessment for Five PBT Chemicals
    EPA Document # EPA-740-R1-8002 June 2018 United States Office of Chemical Safety and Environmental Protection Agency Pollution Prevention Exposure and Use Assessment of Five Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic Chemicals Peer Review Draft June 2018 Contents TABLES ................................................................................................................................................................... 7 FIGURES ................................................................................................................................................................. 7 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ 15 2. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................. 15 3. APPROACH .................................................................................................................................................. 17 4. DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER (DECABDE) .................................................................................................. 21 4.1. Chemistry and Physical-Chemical Properties ................................................................................ 21 4.2. Uses ................................................................................................................................................ 21 4.3. Characterization of Expected Environmental Partitioning
    [Show full text]
  • Equations of State of New Boron-Rich Selenides B6se and B12se
    Equations of state of new boron-rich selenides B6Se and B12Se Kirill A. Cherednichenko,1,2 Yann Le Godec,3 and Vladimir L. Solozhenko 1,* 1 LSPM–CNRS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430 Villetaneuse, France 2 Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Gubkin University, Moscow, 119991, Russia 3 IMPMC–CNRS, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, 75005 Paris, France Abstract Two novel of boron-rich selenides, orthorhombic B6Se and rhombohedral B12Se, have been recently synthesized at high pressure – high temperature conditions. Room-temperature compressibilities of these phases were studied in a diamond anvil cell using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. A fit of experimental p-V data by third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state yielded the bulk moduli of 155(2) GPa for B12Se and 144(3) GPa for B6Se. No pressure-induced phase transitions have been observed in the studied pressure range, i.e. up to 35 GPa. Keywords : boron-rich selenides; high pressure; equation of state Introduction Boron-rich compounds containing B12-icosahedra have been known since 1960-s [1]. The majority of these compounds are the structural derivatives of elemental α-rhombohedral boron (α-B12) with general stoichiometry: B12Xy (where X is interstitial atom, y ≤ 2). They received a considerable attention due to the high hardness, chemical inertness, thermal conductivity, radiation resistance and unusual electronic properties [2-5]. For instance, boron carbide B12C3 is hard compound widely used as abrasive and armor material [6,7], boron suboxide B12O2 is the hardest known oxide [8,9], and B12As2 was found to be extremely stable under electron bombardment and able to the self-healing [10].
    [Show full text]
  • Towards the Theory of Hardness of Materials
    Towards the theory of hardness of materials. Artem R. Oganov1,2, Andriy O. Lyakhov1 1 Department of Geosciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and New York Center for Computational Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2100, USA 2 Geology Department, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia Recent studies showed that hardness, a complex property, can be calculated using very simple approaches or even analytical formulae. These form the basis for evaluating controversial experimental results (as we illustrate for TiO2-cotunnite) and enable a systematic search for novel hard materials, for instance, using global optimization algorithms (as we show on the example of SiO2 polymorphs). We all know that diamond is very hard, while graphite and talc are soft. Hardness, as a property of materials, determines many of their technological applications, but remains a poorly understood property. The aim of this Special Issue is to review some of the most important recent developments in the understanding of hardness. Mohs’s relative scale of hardness appeared in the XIX century and is still widely used by mineralogists; in this scale talc has hardness 1, and diamond has hardness 10. There are several absolute definitions of hardness – the most popular ones being the Knoop and Vickers tests of hardness, which involve indentation (rather than scratching, as in Mohs’s hardness). The absolute hardness is measured in GPa, the same units as pressure or elastic moduli (bulk modulus, shear modulus). This hints that hardness may be correlated with the elastic properties – indeed, there is such a correlation, especially with the shear modulus.
    [Show full text]
  • In Situ High-Pressure Synthesis of New Outstanding Light-Element Materials Under Industrial P-T Range
    materials Review In Situ High-Pressure Synthesis of New Outstanding Light-Element Materials under Industrial P-T Range Yann Le Godec 1,* and Alexandre Courac 1,2 1 Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, IRD UMR 206, 75005 Paris, France; [email protected] 2 Institut Universitaire de France, IUF, 75005 Paris, France * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: High-pressure synthesis (which refers to pressure synthesis in the range of 1 to several GPa) adds a promising additional dimension for exploration of compounds that are inaccessible to traditional chemical methods and can lead to new industrially outstanding materials. It is nowadays a vast exciting field of industrial and academic research opening up new frontiers. In this context, an emerging and important methodology for the rapid exploration of composition-pressure-temperature- time space is the in situ method by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. This review introduces the latest advances of high-pressure devices that are adapted to X-ray diffraction in synchrotrons. It focuses particularly on the “large volume” presses (able to compress the volume above several mm3 to pressure higher than several GPa) designed for in situ exploration and that are suitable for discovering and scaling the stable or metastable compounds under “traditional” industrial pressure range (3–8 GPa). We illustrated the power of such methodology by (i) two classical examples of “reference” superhard high-pressure materials, diamond and cubic boron nitride c-BN; and (ii) recent successful in situ high-pressure syntheses of light-element compounds that allowed expanding Citation: Le Godec, Y.; Courac, A.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Names and CAS Numbers Final
    Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number C3H8O 1‐propanol C4H7BrO2 2‐bromobutyric acid 80‐58‐0 GeH3COOH 2‐germaacetic acid C4H10 2‐methylpropane 75‐28‐5 C3H8O 2‐propanol 67‐63‐0 C6H10O3 4‐acetylbutyric acid 448671 C4H7BrO2 4‐bromobutyric acid 2623‐87‐2 CH3CHO acetaldehyde CH3CONH2 acetamide C8H9NO2 acetaminophen 103‐90‐2 − C2H3O2 acetate ion − CH3COO acetate ion C2H4O2 acetic acid 64‐19‐7 CH3COOH acetic acid (CH3)2CO acetone CH3COCl acetyl chloride C2H2 acetylene 74‐86‐2 HCCH acetylene C9H8O4 acetylsalicylic acid 50‐78‐2 H2C(CH)CN acrylonitrile C3H7NO2 Ala C3H7NO2 alanine 56‐41‐7 NaAlSi3O3 albite AlSb aluminium antimonide 25152‐52‐7 AlAs aluminium arsenide 22831‐42‐1 AlBO2 aluminium borate 61279‐70‐7 AlBO aluminium boron oxide 12041‐48‐4 AlBr3 aluminium bromide 7727‐15‐3 AlBr3•6H2O aluminium bromide hexahydrate 2149397 AlCl4Cs aluminium caesium tetrachloride 17992‐03‐9 AlCl3 aluminium chloride (anhydrous) 7446‐70‐0 AlCl3•6H2O aluminium chloride hexahydrate 7784‐13‐6 AlClO aluminium chloride oxide 13596‐11‐7 AlB2 aluminium diboride 12041‐50‐8 AlF2 aluminium difluoride 13569‐23‐8 AlF2O aluminium difluoride oxide 38344‐66‐0 AlB12 aluminium dodecaboride 12041‐54‐2 Al2F6 aluminium fluoride 17949‐86‐9 AlF3 aluminium fluoride 7784‐18‐1 Al(CHO2)3 aluminium formate 7360‐53‐4 1 of 75 Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number Al(OH)3 aluminium hydroxide 21645‐51‐2 Al2I6 aluminium iodide 18898‐35‐6 AlI3 aluminium iodide 7784‐23‐8 AlBr aluminium monobromide 22359‐97‐3 AlCl aluminium monochloride
    [Show full text]
  • New Oligothiophenes
    Fredrik von Kieseritzky NEW OLIGOTHIOPHENES Doctoral Thesis Fredrik von Kieseritzky New Oligothiophenes Doctoral Thesis AKADEMISK AVHANDLING Som med tillstånd av Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan i Stockholm framlägges för offentlig granskning för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen onsdagen den 2 juni 2004, kl 10.00 i Kollegiesalen, Valhallavägen 79, KTH, Stockholm. Avhandlingen försvaras på engelska. Opponent är Professor René Janssen, Eindhovens Tekniska Universitet, Nederländerna. Cover picture: The author's fume hood as of February 5, 2004 ISBN 91-7283-725-X ISRN KTH/IOK/FR-04/90--SE ISSN 1100-7974 TRITA-IOK Forskningsrapport 2004:90 © Fredrik von Kieseritzky 2004 Abstract This thesis deals with synthesis and characterization of new oligothiophenes and derivatives thereof, for use in semiconductor applications. One series of regio- defined oligothiophenes up to the octamer was prepared and evaluated. Photoluminescence quantum efficiencies in solution were 22-31 %, but dropped to 2-5 % in the solid state. One oligothiophene in this series was evaluated as a new matrix for MALDI-TOF, with promising results. Another project deals with development of oligothiophenes with "in-chain" chirality, which may find use in polarizing light-emitting diodes. Oligothiophene-porphyrin hybrid materials were synthesized for evaluation as active components in light-producing and/or -harvesting devices. Finally, a novel and simplified synthesis of EDOT, which is a major monomer in oligothiophene chemistry, is presented. Sammanfattning Denna avhandling handlar om syntes och karakterisering av nya oligotiofener och dess derivat. Dessa är tänkta att användas i halvledarapplikationer. En serie med regiodefinierade oligotiofener, upp till och med oktameren, har framställts och utvärderats. Kvantutbytet av fotoluminescensen hos dessa var 22-31 % i lösning, men sjönk till 2-5 % i fast tillstånd.
    [Show full text]
  • Registry 検索テクニック 2013
    REGISTRY 検索テクニック 2013 REGISTRY 検索テクニック 2013 STN INTERNATIONAL リフレッシュセミナー REGISTRY 検索テクニック.indd 1-2 2013/08/19 11:36:21 * 目 次 * A. 結合の属性 - ノーマライズド結合 結合属性 ................................................................................................................. 1 結合属性の確認 ...................................................................................................... 3 エグザクト結合とノーマライズド結合 ......................................................................... 5 ノーマライズド結合の定義 ........................................................................................ 6 結合次数とヒットする物質 ....................................................................................... 10 作図のポイント ....................................................................................................... 13 検索例 ................................................................................................................... 15 参考 ： STRUCTURE コマンド ............................................................................... 20 B. 特有の検索手法が必要な物質の検索 REGISTRY ファイルの収録物質 ............................................................................ 21 表形式無機物質 (TIS) ........................................................................................... 23 定義の不完全な物質 (IDS) .................................................................................... 32 組成不明，組成不定，複雑な反応生成物および生体物質 (UVCB) ......................... 51 概念語登録 (CTS) ................................................................................................. 52 一般式登録 (GRS) ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Boron Monosulfide: Equation of State and Pressure-Induced Phase Transition
    Boron monosulfide: equation of state and pressure-induced phase transition K.A. Cherednichenko,1 I.A. Kruglov,2,3 A.R. Oganov,3,4 Y. Le Godec,5 M. Mezouar,6 and V.L. Solozhenko 1,* 1 LSPM–CNRS, Université Paris Nord, 93430 Villetaneuse, France 2 Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow, 127055, Russia 3 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia 4 Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Moscow Region, 143026, Russia 5 IMPMC, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, CNRS – UMR 7590, 75005 Paris, France 6 European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble, France Abstract Quasi-hydrostatic compression of rhombohedral boron monosulfide (r-BS) has been studied up to 50 GPa at room temperature using diamond-anvil cells and angle-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction. A fit of the experimental P–V data to the Vinet equation of state yields bulk modulus B0 of 42.2(1.4) GPa and its first pressure derivative B0′ of 7.6(2) that are in excellent agreement with our ab initio calculations. Formation of a new high-pressure phase of boron monosulfide (hp-BS) has been observed above 35 GPa. According to ab initio evolutionary crystal structure predictions combined with Rietveld refinement of high-pressure X-ray diffraction data, the structure of hp-BS has trigonal symmetry and belongs to the space group P-3m1. As it follows from electron density of states calculations, the phase transformation is accompanied by an insulator-metal transition. Keywords : boron sulfide; high pressure; equation of state; phase transition I. Introduction The AIIIBVI semiconductors (GaS, GaSe, InS, InSe, etc.) are promising materials for solar cells, nonlinear optics, photovoltaic energy converters, radiation detectors, photoresistors and solid-state batteries [1-3].
    [Show full text]
  • Some Recent Contributions to Our Knowledge of Metallic Reducing Agents.' by H
    SOME RECENT CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF METALLIC REDUCING AGENTS.' BY H. F. KELLER. N the extraction of metals from their oxygen compounds, car- I bon is certainly the most iniportant and useful reducing agent. Its great affinity for oxjigen is utilized in the manufac- ture of iron and steel ; the coiiimercial production of other useful metals, such as copper, lead, zinc, and tin is accomplished, either directly or indirectly, with its aid; and under its influ- ence even the energetic metals of the alkalies release their pow- erful grip upon oxygen. Contrasted with this, the use of other substances for the purpose of abstracting oxygen is almost insig- nificant. Is it surprising, therefore, that carbon is looked upon as the reducing agent par excellence, or that the very idea of reduction seem to us inseparably associated with this element ? Hut the reducing power of a substance depends, in a large meas- ure, upon temperature. It is well known to chemists that, under certain conditions, many metals have affinities which are far more powerful than those of carbon. When we glance over the pages of our chemical text-books, we see described there numer- ous experiments based upon the superior combining power of iron, aluminum, zinc, magnesium, and the alkali metals. The great Swedish chemist who arranged the elements according to their supposed affinities in an electro-chemical series, was among the first to employ the positive alkali metals for isolating and preparing other elements. His method consisted in decom- posing the halogen compounds by means of potassium ; and it was subsequently improved by Berzelius' distinguished disciple , Wohler.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,366,526 Ellison-Hayashi Et Al
    US005366526A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,366,526 Ellison-Hayashi et al. 45 Date of Patent: Nov. 22, 1994 54 METHOD OF ABRADING WITH BORON tals:', Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, Calif., SUBOXIDE (BXO) AND THE BORON Jan., 1963. SUBOXIDE (BXO) ARTICLES AND H. Tracy Hall and Lane A. Compton, "Group IV Ana COMPOST ONUSED logs and High Pressure, High Temperature Synthesis of 75 Inventors: Cristan Ellison-Hayashi, Salt Lake B2O’, Inorg. Chem. 4 (1965) 1213. City, Utah; George T. Emond, W. C. Simmons, "Progress and Planning Report on Southington, Conn.; Shih Y. Kuo, Boron Suboxide B60', Air Force Materials Labora Salt Lake City, Utah tory, Mar., 1968. H. Wrerheit, P. Runow, and H. G. Leis, "On 73) Assignee: Norton Company, Worcester, Mass. Boron-Suboxide Surface Layers and Surface States of 21 Appl. No.: 51,114 B-Rhombohedral Boron:”, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 2, K125 (1970). 22 Filed: Apr. 21, 1993 E. V. Zubova, K. P. Burdina, "Synthesis of B6O Under Pressure', Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSR, 197 (5) (1971) Related U.S. Application Data 1055-1056. 63 Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 920,357, Jul. 28, 1992, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 729,467, Jul. (List continued on next page.) 12, 1991, Pat. No. 5,135,892. 51) int. Cl. ................................................ C09K3/14 Primary Examiner-Wayne Langel 52 U.S. C. ......................................... 51/307; 51/309 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Brian M. Kolkowski 58 Field of Search ............................ 423/278; 501/1; 51/281 R, 307, 309 57 ABSTRACT 56 References Cited A method of removing material from a surface compris U.S.
    [Show full text]