DOCSLIB.ORG

Exposure and Use Assessment for Five PBT Chemicals

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Exposure and Use Assessment for Five PBT Chemicals EPA Document # EPA-740-R1-8002 June 2018 United States Office of Chemical Safety and Environmental Protection Agency Pollution Prevention Exposure and Use Assessment of Five Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic Chemicals Peer Review Draft June 2018 Contents TABLES ................................................................................................................................................................... 7 FIGURES ................................................................................................................................................................. 7 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ 15 2. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................. 15 3. APPROACH .................................................................................................................................................. 17 4. DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER (DECABDE) .................................................................................................. 21 4.1. Chemistry and Physical-Chemical Properties ................................................................................ 21 4.2. Uses ................................................................................................................................................ 21 4.3. Characterization of Expected Environmental Partitioning ............................................................ 24 4.4. Overview of Lifecycle and Potential Sources of Exposure ............................................................. 25 4.4.1. Background and Brief Description of Lifecycle ....................................................................................... 25 4.4.2. Manufacturing ....................................................................................................................................... 26 4.4.3. Imported Articles .................................................................................................................................... 27 4.4.4. Processing: Incorporated into Formulation, Mixture, or Reaction Products and Incorporation into Article Components ..................................................................................................................................... 27 4.4.5. Processing: Recycling ............................................................................................................................. 28 4.4.6. Industrial/Commercial Use: Fabrics, Textiles and Apparel (textile manufacturing) ............................... 28 4.4.7. Industrial/Commercial Use: Incorporation into Plastic Articles (wire and cable coatings) .................... 28 4.4.8. Industrial/Commercial Use Articles – Complex articles .......................................................................... 28 4.4.9. Consumer Articles ................................................................................................................................... 29 4.4.10. Qualitative Trends Over Time for Releases and Occupational Exposures .............................................. 29 4.5. Environmental Monitoring ............................................................................................................ 29 4.5.1. Indoor Dust ............................................................................................................................................. 32 4.5.2. Indoor Air................................................................................................................................................ 35 4.5.3. Ambient Air ............................................................................................................................................ 36 4.5.4. Surface Water ........................................................................................................................................ 37 4.5.5. Drinking Water ....................................................................................................................................... 38 4.5.6. Soil .......................................................................................................................................................... 38 4.5.7. Sediment ................................................................................................................................................ 40 4.5.8. Sludge/Biosolids ..................................................................................................................................... 43 4.5.9. Influent/Effluent ..................................................................................................................................... 44 4.5.10. Landfill Leachate .................................................................................................................................... 44 4.5.11. Vegetation/Diet ...................................................................................................................................... 45 4.5.12. Other ...................................................................................................................................................... 45 4.6. Biomonitoring ................................................................................................................................ 46 4.6.1. Human blood (serum)............................................................................................................................. 48 4.6.2. Human (other) ........................................................................................................................................ 50 4.6.3. Aquatic invertebrates ............................................................................................................................. 52 4.6.4. Fish ......................................................................................................................................................... 53 4.6.5. Aquatic mammals .................................................................................................................................. 54 4.6.6. Terrestrial invertebrates ......................................................................................................................... 54 4.6.7. Birds........................................................................................................................................................ 55 4.6.8. Terrestrial mammals .............................................................................................................................. 56 4.6.9. Other ...................................................................................................................................................... 56 Page 2 of 190 4.7. Trends in Monitoring Data ............................................................................................................. 56 4.7.1. Indoor Dust ............................................................................................................................................. 57 4.7.2. Ambient Air ............................................................................................................................................ 57 4.7.3. Soils ........................................................................................................................................................ 58 4.7.4. Sediments ............................................................................................................................................... 59 4.7.5. Biosolids ................................................................................................................................................. 59 4.7.6. Humans .................................................................................................................................................. 60 4.7.7. Aquatic Invertebrates ............................................................................................................................. 60 4.7.8. Fish ......................................................................................................................................................... 61 4.7.9. Birds........................................................................................................................................................ 61 4.8. Modeled Intake and Dose Data ..................................................................................................... 62 4.9. Overview of Existing Exposure Assessments ................................................................................. 64 4.10. Representative Exposure Scenarios ............................................................................................... 68 4.11. Summary of Review Articles .......................................................................................................... 70 4.11.1. Dust ........................................................................................................................................................ 71 4.11.2. Soil .......................................................................................................................................................... 71 4.11.3. Surface Water and Sediments ...............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT Hexachlorobutadiene CAS#: 87-68-3
    PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT Hexachlorobutadiene CAS#: 87-68-3 Division of Toxicology May 1994 This Public Health Statement is the summary be exposed to a substance only when you come in chapter from the Toxicological Profile for contact with it. You may be exposed by breathing, Hexachlorobutadiene. It is one in a series of Public eating, or drinking substances containing the Health Statements about hazardous substances and substance or by skin contact with it. their health effects. A shorter version, the ToxFAQsTM is also available. This information is If you are exposed to a substance such as important because this substance may harm you. hexachlorobutadiene, many factors will determine The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance whether harmful health effects will occur and what depend on the dose, the duration, how you are the type and severity of those health effects will be. exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether These factors include the dose (how much), the other chemicals are present. For more information, duration (how long), the route or pathway by which call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422- you are exposed (breathing, eating, drinking, or skin 8737. contact), the other chemicals to which you are _____________________________________ exposed, and your individual characteristics such as age, gender, nutritional status, family traits, life- This Statement was prepared to give you style, and state of health. information about hexachlorobutadiene and to emphasize the human health effects that may result 1.1 WHAT IS HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE? from exposure to it. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified 1,350 hazardous waste Hexachlorobutadiene, also known as HCBD, sites as the most serious in the nation.
    [Show full text]
  • OFR Staff Plan
    Staff Briefing Package Project Plan: Organohalogen Flame Retardant Chemicals Assessment July 1, 2020 CPSC Consumer Hotline and General Information: 1-800-638-CPSC (2772) CPSC's Web Site: http://www.cpsc.gov THIS DOCUMENT HAS NOT BEEN REVIEWED CLEARED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE OR ACCEPTED BY THE COMMISSION UNDER CPSA 6(b)(1) Acknowledgments The preparation, writing, and review of this report was supported by a team of staff. We acknowledge and thank team members for their significant contributions. Michael Babich, Ph.D., Directorate for Health Sciences Charles Bevington, M.P.H., Directorate for Health Sciences Xinrong Chen, Ph.D., D.A.B.T., Directorate for Health Sciences Eric Hooker, M.S., D.A.B.T., Directorate for Health Sciences Cynthia Gillham, M.S., Directorate for Economic Analysis John Gordon, Ph.D., Directorate for Health Sciences Kristina Hatlelid, Ph.D., M.P.H., Directorate for Health Sciences Barbara Little, Attorney, Office of the General Counsel Joanna Matheson, Ph.D., Directorate for Health Sciences ii THIS DOCUMENT HAS NOT BEEN REVIEWED CLEARED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE OR ACCEPTED BY THE COMMISSION UNDER CPSA 6(b)(1) Table of Contents Briefing Memo ............................................................................................................................... iv 1. Executive summary .............................................................................................................. 5 2. Introduction .........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Hexachlorobutadiene in Drinking-Water
    WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/101 English only Hexachlorobutadiene in Drinking-water Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality © World Health Organization 2004 Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications - whether for sale of for non- commercial distribution - should be addressed to Publications (Fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damage incurred as a results of its use. Preface One of the primary goals of WHO and its member states is that “all people, whatever their stage of development and their social and economic conditions, have the right to have access to an adequate supply of safe drinking water.” A major WHO function to achieve such goals is the responsibility “to propose ... regulations, and to make recommendations with respect to international health matters ....” The first WHO document dealing specifically with public drinking-water quality was published in 1958 as International Standards for Drinking-water.
    [Show full text]
  • UNITED NATIONS Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic
    UNITED NATIONS SC UNEP/POPS/POPRC.12/INF/12 Distr.: General 25 July 2016 English only Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee Twelfth meeting Rome, 1923 September 2016 Item 4 (c) (ii) of the provisional agenda* Technical work: consideration of recommendations to the Conference of the Parties: unintentional releases of hexachlorobutadiene Draft evaluation of new information in relation to listing of hexachlorobutadiene in Annex C to the Stockholm Convention Note by the Secretariat As referred to in the note by the Secretariat on new information in relation to the listing of hexachlorobutadiene in Annex C to the Stockholm Convention (UNEP/POPS/POPRC.12/6), the annex to the present note sets out the draft evaluation of new information in relation to listing of hexachlorobutadiene in Annex C to the Stockholm Convention. The present note, including its annex, has not been formally edited. * UNEP/POPS/POPRC.12/1. 250716 UNEP/POPS/POPRC.12/INF/12 Annex Draft evaluation of new information in relation to the listing of hexachlorobutadiene in Annex C of the Stockholm Convention June 2016 2 UNEP/POPS/POPRC.12/INF/12 Table of Contents Executive summary .................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Ozonolysis of Phenyl Grignard Reagent
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1971 The ozonolysis of phenyl Grignard reagent Gale Manning Sherrodd The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Sherrodd, Gale Manning, "The ozonolysis of phenyl Grignard reagent" (1971). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 8297. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/8297 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE OZONOLYSIS OF PHENYL GRIGNARD REAGENT By Gale M. Sherrodd B.S., Rocky Mountain College, I969 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts for Teachers UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1971 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Examiners De^ , Graduate *School / n ? / Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: EP39098 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT DiMMtstion PuWiahing UMI EP39098 Published by ProQuest LLC (2013). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic Review Protocol for the Inorganic Mercury Salts IRIS Assessment
    EPA/635/R-20/239 IRIS Assessment Protocol www.epa.gov/iris Systematic Review Protocol for the Inorganic Mercury Salts IRIS Assessment CASRN 7487-94-7 (Mercuric Chloride) CASRN 1344-48-5 (Mercuric Sulfide) CASRN 10112-91-1 (Mercurous Chloride) February 2021 Integrated Risk Information System Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Systematic Review Protocol for the Inorganic Mercury Salts IRIS Assessment DISCLAIMER This document is a preliminary draft for review purposes only. This information is distributed solely for review purposes under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by the Environmental Protection Agency. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. It is being circulated for comments on its technical clarity and science policy implications. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This document is a draft for review purposes only and does not constitute Agency policy. ii DRAFT―DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE Systematic Review Protocol for the Inorganic Mercury Salts IRIS Assessment CONTENTS AUTHORS|CONTRIBUTORS|REVIEWERS ........................................................................................................ 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Effects Support Document for Hexachlorobutadiene Health Effects Support Document for Hexachlorobutadiene
    Health Effects Support Document for Hexachlorobutadiene Health Effects Support Document for Hexachlorobutadiene U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water (4304T) Health and Ecological Criteria Division Washington, DC 20460 www.epa.gov/safewater/ EPA 822-R-03-002 February 2003 Printed on Recycled Paper FOREWORD The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), as amended in 1996, requires the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish a list of contaminants to aid the agency in regulatory priority setting for the drinking water program. In addition, SDWA requires EPA to make regulatory determinations for no fewer than five contaminants by August 2001. The criteria used to determine whether or not to regulate a chemical on the CCL are the following: The contaminant may have an adverse effect on the health of persons. The contaminant is known to occur or there is a substantial likelihood that the contaminant will occur in public water systems with a frequency and at levels of public health concern. In the sole judgment of the administrator, regulation of such contaminant presents a meaningful opportunity for health risk reduction for persons served by public water systems. The Agency’s findings for the three criteria are used in making a determination to regulate a contaminant. The Agency may determine that there is no need for regulation when a contaminant fails to meet one of the criteria. This document provides the health effects basis for the regulatory determination for hexachlorobutadiene. In arriving at the regulatory determination, data on toxicokinetics, human exposure, acute and chronic toxicity to animals and humans, epidemiology, and mechanisms of toxicity were evaluated.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Abietic Acid R Abrasive Silica for Polishing DR Acenaphthene M (LC
    1 abietic acid R abrasive silica for polishing DR acenaphthene M (LC) acenaphthene quinone R acenaphthylene R acetal (see 1,1-diethoxyethane) acetaldehyde M (FC) acetaldehyde-d (CH3CDO) R acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal CH acetaldoxime R acetamide M (LC) acetamidinium chloride R acetamidoacrylic acid 2- NB acetamidobenzaldehyde p- R acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride 4- R acetamidodeoxythioglucopyranose triacetate 2- -2- -1- -β-D- 3,4,6- AB acetamidomethylthiazole 2- -4- PB acetanilide M (LC) acetazolamide R acetdimethylamide see dimethylacetamide, N,N- acethydrazide R acetic acid M (solv) acetic anhydride M (FC) acetmethylamide see methylacetamide, N- acetoacetamide R acetoacetanilide R acetoacetic acid, lithium salt R acetobromoglucose -α-D- NB acetohydroxamic acid R acetoin R acetol (hydroxyacetone) R acetonaphthalide (α)R acetone M (solv) acetone ,A.R. M (solv) acetone-d6 RM acetone cyanohydrin R acetonedicarboxylic acid ,dimethyl ester R acetonedicarboxylic acid -1,3- R acetone dimethyl acetal see dimethoxypropane 2,2- acetonitrile M (solv) acetonitrile-d3 RM acetonylacetone see hexanedione 2,5- acetonylbenzylhydroxycoumarin (3-(α- -4- R acetophenone M (LC) acetophenone oxime R acetophenone trimethylsilyl enol ether see phenyltrimethylsilyl... acetoxyacetone (oxopropyl acetate 2-) R acetoxybenzoic acid 4- DS acetoxynaphthoic acid 6- -2- R 2 acetylacetaldehyde dimethylacetal R acetylacetone (pentanedione -2,4-) M (C) acetylbenzonitrile p- R acetylbiphenyl 4- see phenylacetophenone, p- acetyl bromide M (FC) acetylbromothiophene 2- -5-
    [Show full text]
  • Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (Pbdes)
    America’s Children and the Environment, Third Edition DRAFT Indicators Biomonitoring: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) EPA is preparing the third edition of America’s Children and the Environment (ACE3), following the previous editions published in December 2000 and February 2003. ACE is EPA’s compilation of children’s environmental health indicators and related information, drawing on the best national data sources available for characterizing important aspects of the relationship between environmental contaminants and children’s health. ACE includes four sections: Environments and Contaminants, Biomonitoring, Health, and Special Features. EPA has prepared draft indicator documents for ACE3 representing 23 children's environmental health topics and presenting a total of 42 proposed children's environmental health indicators. This document presents the draft text, indicator, and documentation for the PBDEs topic in the Biomonitoring section. THIS INFORMATION IS DISTRIBUTED SOLELY FOR THE PURPOSE OF PRE- DISSEMINATION PEER REVIEW UNDER APPLICABLE INFORMATION QUALITY GUIDELINES. IT HAS NOT BEEN FORMALLY DISSEMINATED BY EPA. IT DOES NOT REPRESENT AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED TO REPRESENT ANY AGENCY DETERMINATION OR POLICY. For more information on America’s Children and the Environment, please visit www.epa.gov/ace. For instructions on how to submit comments on the draft ACE3 indicators, please visit www.epa.gov/ace/ace3drafts/. March 2011 DRAFT: DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE Biomonitoring: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) 1 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) 2 3 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of brominated flame retardant chemicals 4 that have been incorporated into a variety of manufactured products, including foam cushioning 5 used in furniture and plastics used in televisions and computers.
    [Show full text]
  • Hexachlorobutadiene
    UNITED NATIONS SC UNEP/POPS/POPRC.8/3 Distr.: General 11 July 2012 Original: English Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee Eighth meeting Geneva, 15–19 October 2012 Item 4 (b) of the provisional agenda* Consideration of draft risk profiles: hexachlorobutadiene Draft risk profile: hexachlorobutadiene Note by the Secretariat 1. At its seventh meeting, the Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee adopted decision POPRC-7/3 on hexachlorobutadiene.1 By paragraph 2 of that decision, the Committee decided to establish an ad hoc working group to review further the proposal to list hexachlorobutadiene in Annexes A, B, and/or C to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants2 and to develop a draft risk profile in accordance with Annex E to the Convention. 2. A workplan for the preparation of draft risk profiles was adopted by the Committee at the same meeting.3 3. In accordance with decision POPRC-7/3 and the workplan, the ad hoc working group prepared the draft risk profile set out in the annex to the present note; it has not been formally edited by the Secretariat. Comments and responses relating to the draft risk profile are set out in document UNEP/POPS/POPRC.8/INF/5. Possible action by the Committee 4. The Committee may wish: (a) To adopt, with any amendments that it deems appropriate, the draft risk profile set out in the annex to the present note; (b) To decide, in accordance with paragraph 7 of Article 8 of the Convention and on the basis of the risk profile,
    [Show full text]
  • Certificate of Analysis
    National Institute of Standards and Technology Certificate of Analysis Standard Reference Material 2257 PBDE Congeners in 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane This Standard Reference Material (SRM) is a solution of 38 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. This SRM is intended primarily for use in the calibration of chromatographic instrumentation used for the determination of PBDE congeners. A unit of SRM 2257 consists of five 2 mL ampoules, each containing approximately 1.2 mL of solution. Certified Concentrations of Constituents: The certified concentration values and estimated uncertainties for the select constituents, expressed as mass fractions, are given in Table 1 along with the Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Registry Numbers. The certified concentration values are based on results obtained from the gravimetric preparation of this solution and from the analytical results determined by using gas chromatography. A NIST certified value is a value for which NIST has the highest confidence in its accuracy in that all known or suspected sources of bias have been investigated or accounted for by NIST [1]. The measurands are the total concentrations of analytes shown on Table 1. Values are metrologically traceable to the International System of Units (SI) derived unit for mass fraction expressed as micrograms per gram. Expiration of Certification: The certification of SRM 2257 is valid, within the measurement uncertainty specified, until 31 July 2028, provided the SRM is handled and stored in accordance with the instructions given in this certificate (see “Instructions for Handling, Storage, and Use”). The certification is nullified if the SRM is damaged, contaminated, or modified.
    [Show full text]
  • And Dechlorane Plus (DP) Flame Retardants in Marine Mussels (Mytilus Galloprovincialis) Enrique Barón, Awantha Dissanayake, Judit Vila, Charlotte Crowther, James W
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Plymouth Marine Science Electronic Archive (PlyMSEA) Subscriber access provided by UNIV OF PLYMOUTH Article Evaluation of the genotoxic and physiological effects of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and dechlorane plus (DP) flame retardants in marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Enrique Barón, Awantha Dissanayake, Judit Vila, Charlotte Crowther, James W. Readman, Awadhesh Jha, Ethel Eljarrat, and Damia Barcelo Environ. Sci. Technol., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05814 • Publication Date (Web): 01 Feb 2016 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on February 4, 2016 Just Accepted “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are posted online prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. The American Chemical Society provides “Just Accepted” as a free service to the research community to expedite the dissemination of scientific material as soon as possible after acceptance. “Just Accepted” manuscripts appear in full in PDF format accompanied by an HTML abstract. “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been fully peer reviewed, but should not be considered the official version of record. They are accessible to all readers and citable by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®). “Just Accepted” is an optional service offered to authors. Therefore, the “Just Accepted” Web site may not include all articles that will be published in the journal. After a manuscript is technically edited and formatted, it will be removed from the “Just Accepted” Web site and published as an ASAP article. Note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the manuscript text and/or graphics which could affect content, and all legal disclaimers and ethical guidelines that apply to the journal pertain.
    [Show full text]