World Bank Document

The people's Republic of China Public Disclosure Authorized

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR THE CLASS-ONE HIGHWAY FROM TONGCHUAN TO HUANGLING Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

Xian Highway Transportation University April. 1995 Public Disclosure Authorized The people's Republic of China

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR THE CLASS-ONE HIGHWAY FROM TONGCHUAN TO HUANGLING

Xian Highway Transportation University April, 1995 Statement-making Organization: Xian Highway Transportation University Legal Person: Wang Binggang Chief Engineer: Zhang Yufen Person in Charge of the Project: Liu Shan Divison of Duty of Statement Writing: Statement Maker Liu Shan Lecturer Subject of Cultural Relics Environmental Impact Sun Xiping Professor Subject of Water Environmental Impact Zhao Jianqiang Lecturer Subject of Ecological Environmental Impact Cao shencun Associate professor Subject of Acoustic Environmental Impact Thang Yufen Professor Subject of Atmospheric Environmental Impact Liu shan Lecturer Subject of Social, Economic Environmental Impact Dong Xiaoling Lecturer Participants: Sun Xiping, Zhang Yufen, Cao Shencun Zhao Jianqiang, Dong Xiaolin, Litu Shan Wang Xiling, Zhao Aiqi, Wang LUi, Thao Meixin Cooperation Unit: Monitoring Station of Environmental Protection In Tongehuan City. INTRODUCTION

The proposed Tongchuan-Huangling Class-One Highway (hereinafter called THCOH) lies in the central part of Shaanxi province, which is the important section of Xian-Yanan Highway of the National Trunk Highway No 210 within Shaarui provice. It is also the northerly extension of the Sanyuan-Tongchuan Class-one Highway which is in service now. The proposed highway will connect Tongehuan and Yanan with Xian via Xi-Tong Highway, bringing great benefit to these areas in developing their economy. The total length of the planned highway is 71. 32km with the estimated investment of 1, 679, 439, 100 yuan including 70, 000, 000 U. S. dollars from the World Bank loan. The proposed Yaoxian-Tongchuan half-cross class-one highway (hereinafter called YTHCH) is the seccession project of the Sanyuan-Tongchuan Class-one Highway which is in service. The total length of the project is 18. 35km with the estimated investment of 270, 187, 400 yuan including 14, 000, 000 U. S. dollarsfrom the World Bank Loan. In May, 1993, Xian Highway Transportation University was asked to carry out the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the project by Shaanxi Communications Depart- mnent. On Dec. 8, 1993, the State Environment Protection Bureau held a meeting to solicit opinions about EIA scheme for the project in Beijing, and on the 28 Dee, 1993, a reply to the scheme exmination from SEPB was given. In Oct., 1994, The Environmental Protection Office of MOC and the National Envi- rornimlental protection Bureau presided over appraisal meeting in Beijing, and almost at the samc tirne,the World BAnk environment expert Mr. Suzuk had a talk with suggestions. Now, we'll submit the new report, carefully resised and added from both the meeting and the sug- gestion report. In Oct. 1994, Mr. Suzuki had some more suggestions before the revision and submission to World Bank in Apr- 1995- The secondary revised report can be completed to the World Bank. The data in the statement were provided by EPM Station of Tongchan. We express our great thanks to the following organigations and departments for their help in the EIA: Shaanxi Communications Department, the Provincial Environment Protection Bureau, Shaanxi Highway Planning Reconnaissance and Design Institute, Tongehuan Bureau, Tongchuan Communications Division, Communications.Division of Yijun County, Shaanxi Meteorologimal Bureau, etc. Contents

I GENERAL DESCRlIPTION ...... -.-. (1) 1.1 T - Source of the Project and Its Preliminary Work ...... (1)

1- 2 Purposes of ELAk...... (2)

1.3 Bases of Statement ...... (2)

1. 4 Assessment Makers --..--...... -...... --...... (2)

1.5 Special Topics ...... (3) 1. 6 Scope, Standards and Time Period of EIA*-.----.-----.e.-. . ..-- (3) 1- 7 Assessment Methods -.. -...... -.--.-.-..- v++...... (4)

1. 8 Work Procedure of Assessment ----.------.--.--.-.-.....-.--.- - (4) 1. 9 Laws, Regulations and Stipulations in Followed the Whole Project ..- (4) 1. 10 The Distribution of Major Environmental Sensitive Spots

along the Highway ...... ,(4)

2 A SURVEY OF PROJECT .(9)...... (g) 2. 1 Necessity of the Project .---- ....-...... (9) 2. 2 Route Direction and Main Controlling Points .--.-- . --...- (9) 2.3 Construction Scale, Technology Standards and the Project Schedule --...... ---.. ---..-.. --.------. -C.(13) 1 (19) 2. 4 Economic Assessment of the Project ...... --. *-e+-.+-v-e-+++---- ...... - (20) 29 5 Plan of Removal and Resettlement . -.....--...... (20) 2- 6 Project Construction Organization .-...... - (21) 2. 7 Analysis on the Impact of Project Environment ...... (21)

3 GENERAL SITUATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .*.. . . -.-...... (25) 3. 1 Historical Changes and Administrative Divisions ....--.....---.-.-- (25) 3- 2 Physical Resources .---..-- ..-- ..-- ..- ...... - ...... - ..--- ....- (26) 3- 2.1 Geomorphological and Topographical Features . (26) 3. 2. 2 Geology and Seism .l...... (26) 3. 2. 3 Climate .- (27) I 3. 2. 4 Hydrology and Water Quality ...... -...... (27) 3- 2. 5 Acoustic Environment -...... -.... ---...-. ----...- (28)

3. 2. 6 Ambient Atmospheric Environment ...... --.-.. ---.-...... (28)

3. 3 Ecological Environrent ...... * (33) 3. 3.1 Vegetables -...... -..... (33) 3.3. 2 Wild Animnals ...... ( 34) 3. 3. 3 Agriculture Production ...... (34) 3. 3. 4 Land Resources and Utilization *...--.-.-..... --.-----.-...----.-... (35) 3. 4 Social Environment ...... (35) 3. 4.1 Impact Areas of the Project ...... (35) 3. 4. 2 Population and Employment -.-----.-.--.------.---...-.------(37) 3 4. 3 Industrial System and Economic Development ..-. --. --. --.--...... - (39) 3. 1. 4 Mineral Resources --..--...... --.-.-.------.-.-.....------..------(4 0) 3.4. 5 Touristn Resources, Cultural Relics and Historical Places -----.------(40)

3. 41.6 Major Basic Facilities -...... -.--...... (46) 3. 5 Living Quality --- ...------(51) 3. 5. 1 Cultural and Living Standards of Inhabitants -(------(51) 3. 5. 2 Public Health -...... (5I' 3.5. 3 Life Environment Qualty of Inhabitants in Sensitive Spots along the Route ...... (52)

4 PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL lIMPACT -.. -...... (54) 4. 1 Ecological Environment ...... (54)

4. 1 I Soil Erosion .(...... (54) 4. 1. 2 Wild Anirrmals and Vegetation --....-..-.-.-.-.-. C.(57) 4. 1. 3 Agriculture Production . (59) 4. 1. 4 Summary .--...... --.. -...... ------....-- (60)

4. 2 Relics Scenery and Tourism ...... (61)

4. 2. 1 HIistorical Relics ...... - (61)

4.2- 2 Landscape .-...... -...... (62)

4. 2. 3 T'ourism ...... (66) 2 41.3 Water Environnent *...... e ...... (66)

4. 3. 1 Prediction of mnpact On Water Quality ...... (66) 4. 3. 2 Prediction Analysis of Water El by Service District ...... (67) 4.3. 3 Influence Analysis of Daily Waste During Construction Period .. (68) 4. 3. 4 Risk Analysis of Water Environment . . .(68) 4.3. 5 Analysis of Inpact On Xihc Reservoir Storage and

River Running by the Project *...... o ...... (69)

4. 3. 6 Sunmary .-...... -...... *...... (69) 4. 4 Acoustic Environment ...... (69)

4. 4.1 During Construction Period - . -...... -...... v.... (69) 4. 4. 2 During Service Period -..--..-...... (71) 41.4. 3 Summary -..------...... ---- (74) 4. 5 Atmosphere -....-.------...---.--...... (74)

4. 5. 1 During Construction Period ...... *..... (74) 4. 5. 2 During Service Period .. (74) 4. 5. 3 Summary. ..-.-...... -...... (78) 4.6 Social Economy -..-....-..-----...... -.-.-...... (78) 4. 6. 1 Population and Employment -- - ...... (78) 4. 6. 2 Economical Characteristics and Industrial Structure ...... - (78) 4. 6. 3 Local Industry and Agricult-ure---.---.---.-.--.-----.--...... (79) 4. 6. 4 Traffic Transportation ...... t...( 79) 4. 6. 5 Land Requisition . . - --.-.-.... (80) 4. 6. 6 Removal and Resettlemnent - . -.....-.-.-.----.----.-.. . (82) 4. 6. 7 Impact on City Planning along the Highway -... --.--..-.--.- (82) 4. 7 Living Quality -.. . . - e - (82) 4. 7. 1 Living Environment ------.----- .-.-.... . (82)

4. 7. 2 Staff Health ...... t..... o. . (84) 4. 8 Engineering Analysis ...... -...-...-...... (84) 4.8.1 Analysis of Impact on Traffic Environment Along the Route ...... (84) 4. 8.2 Analysis of Impact on Utilities along the Route ---.--..- (84) 4. 8.3 Analysis of Impact on local Hydraulic Facilities And Flood Control Along the Line --.-.-.-.-.-...... (85) 3 4.8. 4 Geology, Scism and Vibration ...... -..... (85) 4.9 Venture Analysis of Dangerous Goods Transportation .-...... (85) '. 10 Environmental Impact Analysis on Linking route .( 86)

4.11 Environmn-ntal impact Analysis on Interchange ...... (88) 4. 12 Environmental Impact Analysis on Borrow and Spoil areas and Construction and Transportation.. .-...... -...... *. ... (89) 4. 12. 1 Borrow Site . (89)

4.12.2 Spoil Site --...... (90) 4. 12. 3 Transportation road ...... (90)-

5 MEASURES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTElCTION

ENGINEERING ...... (95) 5. 1 Measures for Environmental Protection During Design .....- .. (95) 5. 2 Environmental Protection Measures During Construction .-..... (96) 5. 3 Environmental Protection Measures During Service . (96)

5.4 Suggestions *-. (103)

6 ALTERNATIVE SCHEMES .*...... (106) 6. 1 Scheme Comparison of Engineering Factors.. -..... -.-. (106) 6. 2 Scheme Comparison of Environment Impacts . (106) 6. 3 Route. Industrial Layout and Development Plan .-.-.--.--.-.--.- (106) 6. 1 Suggestions from Local Governments and the Masses .--.- (107) 6. 5 Conclusion .-...... -....--..-..-..--...... (107)

7. ANALYSIS ON LOSS AND BENEFIT OF

ENVIRONMIENTAL ECONOMY -...... v.--.... (111) 7.1 Investment Estimation of Environmental Protection . (111) 7. 2 Investment Benefit for Enviromnental Protection . (113) 7. 3 Brief Analysis on Environmental Loss and Benefit . (113)

8 MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN OF ENVIRONMENT . (118) 4 8. 1 Management Plan of Environment ...... *...... (118) 8. 2 The Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... *Vt ..n...... (125)

8.3 Traffic Accidents and Controling Measures During Service Period *.*... (126)

9 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .e*.. **.**.**.. (127) 9.1 Sampling Investigation among Residents

along the Highway *....* 4... I . - (127)

9. 2 Environmental Consultation Activities .'...'...... '..... -*- (128) 9. 3 Suggestions from Local Governments and Concerned Units ...... (129) 9. 4 Suggestions from Experts ...... (132) 9. 5 Suminaryv. (133)

10 ASSESSMENT CONCLUSION . -...... (134) 10. 1 Assessment Conclusion . (134) 10. 2 Sensitive Environmeni Surroundings and Measures ...... (135)

Appendix 1. Main References . (140) Appendix 2. Typical Advisory Ideas from Experts .-. -...... (141) Appendix 3. Reply Documents from Environmental Protection Bureau of the State to Environmental Assessment Outline ...... (145) Appendix 4. Opinions from the Masses along the Highway (in Chinese) . (146) Appendix 5. Opinions from Local Governments and Concerned Units(in Chinese) - ...... (151)...... (151)

Appendix 6. Map 1, Map 2.

5 1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

1. 1 The Source of the Project and Its Preliminary Work

1. 1. 1 The Source of the Project The total length of the proposed THCOH is 71. 32km with the estimated investment of 1, 679, 439, 100yuan including 70, 000, 000 U. S. dolars from the World Bank loan. Tongehuan and Yanan on which the project wlll have effect are the bases of energy resources and building materials for Shaanxi provincc. It accounts for 19. 7 per cent of territory; 6. 8 per cent of the general output volume in industry and agriculture and 45. 7 per cent of coal output in Shaanxi province. Besides, it has plentiful tourist resources with the l-uangdi Tomb as the leading one attracting thousands of overseas and domestic visitors every year. How- ever, the existing T-H Highway (the National Road No210) is the only highway connecting Tongchuan, Huangling and Guanzhong district with Xian. Because of the road, there have been lots of traffic accidents and conjections on the road. The passing capacity of the road has been one of most important factors to vigorously develop the economy in the district and even in the whole province. The construction of THCOH has been suggested under the background above mentioned. There is a class-one highway in service between Xian and Tongchuan, the section between Yaoxian county and Tongchuan being half-cross, class-one highway with two direction going. This section tends to be a block section with the development of the economy in this area and the construction of THCOH. Therefore, it is suggested that YTHCH constructed together with construction of THCOR. The total length of YTHCH is 18. 35km with the estimated investment of 270, 187, 400 yuan including 14i. 000, 000 U. S. dollars from the World Bank Loan.

1. 1. 2 Preliminary Work In 1989, the THCOH project with the other half of S-T Highway (Sanyuan-Lintong) as the seccession engineering included was listed in the ninth 5-year plan of the national economy development with implement in 1996 by Shaanxi Provincial Government. In 1993, Shaanxi Provincial Government made an official report to the Central Government for application for foreign loan from the international organigations of finanoe for this project. In Feb, 1993, the prefeasibility study report on THCOH was completed by SHPRDI. In March, 1993, the I Report on construction of THCOH" was submitted to the State Planning Conunittee and Mi- nistry of Communications by Shaanxi Planning Committee and Communications Department. A reply to the suggestions of construction of THCOH was given by MOC in July, 1993, with approval of the construction of THCOH. In May, 1993, the feasibility study of the project -1- began. In Nov., the same year, the study report was compiled. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) started in May, 1993. In July, the same year, the EIA schema was reported to the higher authority by the contruction unit. In Sep. 1993, the Environment Protection Offloe of MOC asked some experts for advice about the EIA scheme. In Dcc. 1993, the expert examination was approved In Beijing and the reply to the examination to the scheme was given by the State Environmental Protection Bureau. Based on the ETA scheme and the reply to the scheme, the ETA began.

1. 2 The Purpose of EIA

(1) To provide sufficicnt data for rcasonableselection of the route through the quantative and qualitative analysis of the influencesthe project may bring about t and aiso through the prognosis, proof, scope and degrce of EIAL 2) To ptut forward practical environment protection measures by analyslng the loss and bencefitresulting from the project. It could be good for the project design and constructionand managemcnt of the project to minimizethe unfavorable influencesof the project construction: 3) To provide the local governments with scientific data in mixing planning programs and In environmental management.

1. 3 Bases of Stntement

1) "The Environment Protection SupervisionRegulations in Construction Projects"issued bySEPD (86) No. 003; 2) "The Environment Protection SuperWsionRegulations in Transportation Projects' issued by MOC (90) No. 17; 3) "On the Standards of EIA in Constructionof THCOH" issued by SEPD (1994) No. 006; d) "The Reply Letter to the Suggestionof THCOH.Project" issued by MOC (1993) No 707; 5) The Reply Letter Concerning the Examination On EIA Scheme of THCOH Using WB Loan issued by SEPB (1993) No 296; 6) "The Feasibility Study Statemnentof THCOH "; 7) "The Environmental Supervision Regulations in Construction Projects" issued by Shaanxi Provincial Government 1986 No. 186; 8) 'On Sternghening the Management of EIA of the Projects Using Loans from the In- ternational Organizations of Finance" issued by the SIPD (1993) No 324; 9) 'The EIA Scheme of THCOH".

1. 4 Assessment Makers

-2- Organizatlon : Xlan Highway Transportation U niversity with elas: A certificato from the SEPB. The ataff consists of 9 people, 3 with senlor technial ranks; 4 with middle ranks; 2 technicians. The data used In the asscssment was providod by Tongchuan Environmental Pro- tection & Monitoring Station.

1. 5 Special Topics

There are 6 speclal topics In thc EIA ecology, cultural reics, acoustics, ambient atmosphere, water and social economy.

1. 6 Scope, Standards and Time Period of E1A

1. 6. 1 Scope of EIA The scope of assessment of ambient atmosphere, noise and water Is to be within 200m from the sides of the proposed road, with greater scope in some sensitive arcas such as schoo- Is, S ospitals and water resources. Ecological assessment Is to be within 500m from the route sides. '(ho study of social cconomy and life quality is divided into direct and indirect lnfluences with former one applied to within ZOOmfrom road sides, the latter to the jurisdiction areas of Tongehuan, Yijun. Huangling and Yaoxian (cities or counties).

1. 6. 2 Standards of Assessment Based on the reply to the EIA scheme from the State Environmental Protection Bureau and the Document (1994) No 066 "On the EIA Standards In the Project of THCOH" from

Shaanxi Environmental Protection Bureau, the following standards are used2 1. Ambient Atmosphere Environment Grade 2 in "Ambient Atmosphere Environment Quality Standards" GB3095-82. The limit value of density is as foUows: NO, anytime 0. 15mg/Nm' daily average 0. Img/Nm'

CO anytime 10. OOmg/NM3 daily average 4. OOmg/Nm' TSP anytime 1. OOmg/Nm3 daily average 0. 30ms/Nm'

SO2 any time O. 50mg/Nma daily average 0. 15mg/Nm'

2. Acoustic Environment: along the main Line in Category-four of "Environmental Noise Standards in Urban Areas" GB3096-93. The schools and hospitals are to be furnished with noise prevention installations in accord with relevant standards , the limit value being as follows: 4th type: daytime 70dB night 55dB 2nd type: daytime 60dB night 50dB 3. Water Environment Grade I in: 'Surface Water Environment Quality Standards" -3- GB3838-88.

1. 6. 3 AssessmcntPeriods 1. Short term: 2005 2. Long term, 2020 3. During construction

1. 7 Assessment Methods "Fanning out from points to areas and combiningpoints and areas" mnethodis used. At- mosphere, acoustics and water environment is pre-assesssed by means of modul calculations and analogicalanalysis. While ecology, social economyand cultural relicsare assessedthrough investigationand analysis.

1. 8 Work Procedure of Assessment (see Fig. 1-1)

1. 9 Laws, Regulations and Stipulations Followed in the whole Project The laws, regulationsand stipulationsfollowed in the project are as foUows: 1. "EnvironmentalProtection Laws of P. R. C" 2. "Cultural Relics Protection Laws of P. R. C" 3. "Atmospheric PollutionControl Laws of P. R. C" 4. "Water Pollution Control Laws of P. R. C" S. "Noi. Pollution Control Laws of P. R. C" 6. "Land Administration Laws of P. R. C" 7. "Forest Laws of P. R. C" 8. "Water and Soil Conservation Laws of P. R. C" 9. "Environmental Protection Regulations for Contrution Projects" (86) No 003 10. The 17th Decree from MOC "Environmental Protection Regulations for Transporta- tion Construction Projects" (90) No 17 11. "Environmental Protection Stipulations for Construction Projects in Shaanxi Province" 12. "The Notice on Stopping Rule -breaking Constructions at the Emperor's Tomb Area" Shaanxi (1993) No 9 13. "Managerial Regulation for Cultural Relics Protection in Shaanxi Province"

1. 10 The Distrbution of Major EnCronmental Sensitive Spots along the Highway The environmental sensitive spots within the EA scope are in table 1-1. There are 2 sensitive areas, 17 vllages (enterprises), 11 schools, I hospitals and 1 water source listed in - 4 - _ Proucctihn llureau-L _ Envitonmental Departtnent of

Study regulation;relating to project, investigating on-the-spot

Select assessment subject. compile EIA outline Handing

Basic data investigation Presentmonitoring enviro_nent actors aboutecology social economy about acoustics. atmosphere, water etc. technical data I

-Environmental[ presen siuto sessmnent and analysis

Environmental impet assesssmentand analysis

Environmental M4assea ideas Prtecting measure

Environrmental manage plan Compehensive analysis Benefit analysis

CompiletEJS)| Hand to

ExcaminlationlEvrnttlipc sssmn eot adt

Fig. I -1 Procedure of Assessment Work

-5-- the table. There are 11 * 900 people in the direct impacted areas.

table 1-1-a Statistics Table of Environmental Sensitive Spots along THCOH

UnitVMMG)Admkilatatlvo -Evulrurnmental Eir.4romuttal Order Plle No Plac Unit maville) ChuTae.tka PEnakle

Denswlypopulated uban anra with heavy taffic, Atmephorle prob- IKSS-K97 Chuankou Chuankou, Tongebumn conmeral centre; Route lem, noie, land- Tonschuan Urban pass through the west sp.. removal side, a few lnaabltants ad rscttlemant removed

Hospll beds 400. staff Tmnehbuan and workers 350. located Mine BuAuw cast to higbwayr.routc J 95+300huankou Hospital. Tongcbuan a obsws.ruei 2 X95+300 Cbuankou Chuiank Urb uan 150 metres from staff and Atemspbere, noise ChuankeeUrban worker&s dorm. BGnetre Elenentary frm Cbuankoe demen- School tary school

9 0kTongdhuan Residentialquacsl lotead 3 KE97+500 Chuamtou Xklin Urbuan 60 - 100m east of the Atomsphere. nose Utbm ~hlghway

Tongehuan 300 school pupils Wang8ahe Urban, temcheu, 50 located east Noie 4 K9? +300 Wangjabe Middle School WangJahe of highway, the mute is Towrnhip 30 fromtscbool dorms

Densey popualted area Tongetshr with 1500 people, whole S K98+K99 Wangsjae WanhIme Urban, region Iks along bottom of Amesphere. nolse Township Wangiahe gu y. romi 60 - 2 0 0,n Township away

Factories. nm and other enterprises area, real- WangjiLhe Tongcan dentlal quarters with Atmosphem, 5 K101-KI02 No. I wall Mine Middle Minerlfu6Mrnl Bu- westpopulation of highway, 4000, Iccat-Iated noinois, removalm and School rem val. highwny I 200 metr eTettlement froi residential quarters and middle shool

-6- table1-1-b

AdminJotativEwMromcntalEnviromental Order Pie No Pla_ Unit (v4ll) AdmAlrmttl Evnlronn tclvtien

Tonschuaun 47 peeopl'te. 143 Atumapheo, 7 Et104+300 Gouo,ne 7 K 104+30Guojlshe Vila5OGmo,ilabe UWa5OhO Wran cmthoushlds, to hIghway Imted 8om duct,nduee sailseRdnrb eroion

eFalJber Tongehmu 143 housedholds wth 575 Village, USa. people, 100 students InAt pe, a 1105 Fenjiaher Fenjaber El- WMJbr wol,ktd1020nose, 8 K 105Faljhher Villqe, angbshr schools, locted 160-24 0 dut,solere,laland ro- amchlt ltownship et of highway

Tonuchuian Pharmacy Tagdhuan 80 people. sall removal. K116 Banjkgp Factory. amc located 3tn west of B16anifm FPhamacy higbway 40 students In EIementas school school

Lhijahe n280 people, 71 Villge. LiQi- flm si households. 30 students, 10 t129 Liujahhe j Ekmen ty. Gaologua hcswod s3m est of tary School Township hlhway'

11m10Co 344 people, 76 At@saphtrt. 11 1232 ShIlco ~Villae, Yin. Coon- households, 33 students, damage, soiltatr- It K132 Shilnu Shb3u El- ty, Gaolgua located 1o0m west of da-agc. ml ce euxntaly Township highway,.ocuaino School Riversomur

Y_jun Coin- 463 rcsidents. 102 12 134 Qijahe Qijahe Villagc ty. Cinguan households, looted lOOm Township east of hjghway

Yljun Coun- 409 peoIp. 92 13 K135 Yezao Yazo Village ty. Chenguan houwnholds. located 30 township mes of from hIghway.

Xlhe lincr- Soure of water of YOMn Wac sompo 14 K139 mlhe vXibR e YJjuUCounty, County. route is 50- Wan 14 1139 The Wit 200m away

-7- Table 1-1-c _

Order PlMeNo Place Unit Cv"lagc) Admrneitate Evnlrhamental Sndtive EPrtblems

< St G,thn 606 people, 152 15KU! nine Shn Jn ou- heouseholds, I3 situdents 15Vmm ty In school. bceted 2rtm tsK 141 ShnnjMc Shanjab Chtnasun weBt of h4gbwayl route In sebool Township 20 higsher than vOlne

Atmosphere, 336 people. 88 n , so erosion,. Carm4qu Yijun houschold, 82 students in getaon dam- 16 K153 Vilaquva gCur Coumty. P- schools, 4 teachers in 4 ago, wter envi- smaller miqbo Town- chool, route pau thr- rwnt vilaes) ship ough 40 metre of west sde Of vilege

17 K 136 Yiangjapp Y nl ty. Cngun Loed m et o Yjan&pi Township hha

Route panes through Yinoximn Yaoxian urban. occupying 18 K75-Kl7 Ysoxian on Qishuihe river course, 20 -60 metres from residential arma

Feng,jqlo is KMl vlawdnvilge,o Area. of reddcncr. 80- FengjsqJso County 120 meters frm highway school atmospbere, Dongjlohe Area of residence, 20-60 noIs, occupying 20 KU2 DoCgJishe Town,"Y ia meter fom highway, river coure Dongjsher County school i 100 met fo sulfura rel. school highway removal and reaet- tlement Huw*boTonchann Route pass through 21 KBS-KRB Huangangb How TongdCty n H°Ugbao Thw oun Tow:City Yaohou kiln

rYesl Sdeti l, route is 40m from school. r Kgdontial Tongehuan 40- 70m from residence 22 IC89 Huangbao qrter of City area, 240 students in

< toty sdiools~tor

-8- 2 A SURVEY OF PROJECT

2. 1 Necessity of the Project

1. Tongchuan and Yan an, the sites of the project, are industrial bases of energy and buiding materials in Shaanxi province. The materials of coal, oil and cement, etc, have been awaiting being transported from these places to the south. The construction of a highway is profitable for economic development in these two areas and the whole Shaanxi province. 2. The available highway from Tongchuan to Huangling is in low technical level,crossing in downtowns with many traffic accidents. The construction of THCOH will be effective either to improve the traffic and communication blocks in both Tongchuan and Yan'an , or to give San-Tong Class-One Highway a full play. 3. A major highway skeleton of '*' type , with its centre in Xian, 'wil be constreted before the year of 2000 in Shaani province. The National Road No. 210 , Tongchuan and l{uangling as a main section, and the TLCOR suggested wXi set up a rationally distributed network. 4. Both Tongehuan and Yan 'an have a long history ,assembling historical sites and scenic spots, such as Yaowang mountain, Yaozhou Kiln, Yuhua Palace..Huangdi Tomb, and Yanian, etc. Especially the Qiaoshan HuangdiTomb has been a resort to seek root and to pay respects for the visitors from HongKong, Macao , Taiwan and for overseas Chinese. The construction of THCOH is badly needed for promoting resources of tourism and national civili- zation, and strenghening national unity. 5. The construction of THCOH can close Tongchuan and Yanian to Xian. It is favourable to improve the surroundings for investment and remarkable economic benefit from the project . To sum up, it is very necessary to build up THCOH.

2- 2 Route Directions and Main Control Points

2. 2. 1 Geographical Position of the Project The proposed THCOK start at the terminaton of Xi-Tong Class-One Highway at Chuankou, Tongchuan city, acrossing Yijam county, ends at Kangyandi , Hunagling county. see figure 2-1.

2. 2. 2 Main Points of Route THCOU . which directly serves Tongchuan city and the area of Yan' an, is a northward extension of the existing fl-Tong Class-One highway. The main controlling points includes -9- ~~~~~~~x O.

CL~,

c~~~~~~~~~~I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0~~~~~~dl

Om 0 b~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~O N l ,, luochan

H= n t4ZLcuhekoUt

Dlantan%-.. ti.

IhtG -ncountye

l rCouJztyI

Higllwa from tQipanCount7

W?&15JIahe count,ICIZUct I~~I

'-a11

C-lasS - Olle Fig. 2 - Z Route Sketch MaP Of tile Highiway from -Tongchuan to N-uangling Chankou, the end of Xi-Tong clas-One Highway, Jinsuoguan, Yijun and Huangling. The route keeps clear of the urbans of Tongchuan, Yijun and Huangling cities, especially Huangl- ing Conservation Region. see figure 2-2.

2. 2. 3 Route Alignment 1. THCOH THCOH is drafted in two-route plans. That is, Kuqunliang in Yijun county as the dividing line of the two routes, Scheme I in the east and Scheme I in the west. See the route directions of the two plans at figure 2-2. The ditions in detail are as follows: In Scheme 11, the road starts at Chuankou, the terminal of Xi-Tong cass-one highway CK93+900). The route travels northwest along the foot of mountains, passing to WangJia- he. After turning around the Wangjiahe mining area, it enters Tongshugou via Fengiahe, Aibo village up slope, passing through Tongshumao, Kuamashaogou by a 1, 610-metre-long tunnel, through Zhongjiashan by a 2, 075-metre-long tunnel and enters Banjiegou. Along

Banjiegou to the north * it passes through Gaozhuangliang by a 1, 710-metre -long tunnel, then gets to Xihechuan via Shiyougou, and goes down along Xihechun to Sanhekou. It goes across Juhe river and Qing-Qi railway to Kangyandi. There come two different plans, one of which is :The road goes into Yunihe by a 1, 360n tunnel, passing by Huangling Conservation Region. and meets the National Road No. 210 at Xianhekou. The whole distance is 87. 03 km, 9. 97 km shorter than the existing road. The second plan is : The route goes northeast- ward along Luoke river, stretching to Yan'an. Scheme 1l The road starts at Chankou, the end of Xi-Tong class-one highway, passes by the new built Tongehuan city to the north, and reaches Shilipu substation, then goes over the ridge parulei to Tongchuan border, and crosses the border at Qianji village and down the highland to the end of the border (Houliou), then along Qishuihe river and National Road NO. 210, it arrives at Jinsuoguan ; It goes into Tangnihe river, up the stream to Shiwulipu, Qianhegou and Mijuangou, through Houdianliang by a 1, 115-metre-long tunnel to Wulizhen- he and the Fudi reservoir, through a tunnel inside 4 mountains, it goes along the right bank of Juhe River and meets at Xianhekou the National Road No. 210 (K203+000). The whole distance is 83. 48 km long, 13. 52 km shorter than the current road. Scheme II is recommended to be carried out by concerning boe the local Views and the feasibility study of the project. The ending site of T}COH can be at K-angyandiin Huanging county, 5 km apart from Hunagling city. In this way, it will facilitate the extension of THCOH northward to Yanan. The whole distance of THCOH is 71. 32 km long.

2. Yao-Tong Half-Cross Class-One Highway to Be Construeted According to the plans fromIYaoxian county, Hunagbao and Tongehuan city and the layout of highway artery of Shaanxi province, two plans to this section are put forward. Plan No. 1 : It starts at Xinglin in Yaoxian county (San-Tong class-one highway whole width subgrade K73+900). Along the left bank of Jusbui river it passes the highland in west

-12- of Yaoxian county city, enters Zlhangiiabao, Xiliuchi and goes down the highland at Agu village, then it croses Xiaohegou upto highland, through Blan vilage and goes down highland at Sunjiahe to Wanjiahe, where connects THCOH. The whole distance of this section is 31. 639 km. Plan No. 2: it starts at Xinglin in Yaoxian county (K73+900) . along the built half- cross class-one highay, passing through 2hangjiayuan, Huangbao, Liucun, and it seperates at Liucun village from the built half-cross road, across Xi-Bao Road and Qishui River. And along the built half-cross road, it reaches the starting point K93+900 of THCOH. And then along the proposed THCOH to the connecting point at Wanjiahe mentioned in Scheme L The whole distane is 26. 69 km, 4. 96 km shorter than that of Plan No. 1. Plan No. 2 is suggested on basis of the feasibility study of the project. The ending site of the section is at the starting point of THCOH. The half-cross highway to be built up is 18. 35 km long.

2. 3 Construction Scale, Technical Standards and the Project Schedule

2. 3. 1 Construction Scale The highway from Tongchuan to Huanglig (71. 32km) will control coming in and going out completely with the special class-one auto-only under standards in mountain ridges and heavy roiling areas. The now available road will be paved. According to the plans recommended, the whole route wil build up 7 interchanges (3 of which are half-interchages to be reserved), 3 grade separations, 63 over passages and 20 large bridges (4852. 1Sm), 26 medium-sized bridges (1499. 33m) .12 smaUllbridges (235. 70m), 160 culverts, 3 tunnels g 5, 395 m) , 6. 3kmconnectingline(class-twobystandard). IttakesS, 745. 57muby land and invests 1, 679, 439, 100 yuan (RMB) , averaging 23, 550, 300 yuan (RMB) per kilometer. And one service area will be built. The route from Yaoxian county to Tongcb.uan half-cross class - one highway is 18. 35km, using technical standards in mountain ridges and heavy rolliiig areas. It needs 11 large, medium-sized bridges (6793. lm and 446. 2 mu by land occupation), with an investment of 270, 187, 400 yuan (RMB), averaging 14, 724, 100yuan per kilometer. For engineering quantities of the project, see table 2-1.

- 13 - table 2-1 Main Engineering Quantities

Quantlty Order Project unit Total THCOH YTHCH

I Rouie lcngib km 71. 32 t8 35 89. 67

2 Subgrade earth work 10'Xm3 4, 594. 08 506. 233 5, 100. 313

3 Subgmde stone work 10'Xm3 3. 694. 69 3, 694. 69

4 Grout fcing dcng 10'Xn? 464, 192 107, 468 571, 661

5 Pavement 1O'Xm 1, 131. 101 191. 132 1, 322. 233

6 Long bridSc m/set 4852. 18/20 6422. 08/15 11. 274. 26/35

7 Mcdium bridgc mr/at 1, 499. 33/26 371/4 1. 207. 33/30

8 Short bridge /wet 235. 7/12 235. 7/12

9 Culves 160 56 216

, 0 Tunnel | act 5, 395/3 5. 395/3

11 Land mu 5, 745 57 446 225 6, 191. 79

12 Intetchange 7 4 11

13 Grade separation 3 10 13

14 Channcl 46 18 64

15 Over pass brdge 17 17

16 Linking Tomte (clm km 6. 3 6. 3 two)

17 A-rcTr easEt X ten thiousad/ 2, 355. 03 1, 472. 41 km

18 Inverstmcnt tho 167, 943. 91 27. OI0 74 194, 962. 65 yuan

-14- 2. 3. 2 Technical Indices The Tong-Huang highway wM use special class-one automobile highway standards in mountain ridges and heavy rolling areas when constructed. For main techincal indices, see table 2-2. table2-2 Main Technology Index of the Project

Quantity Items Unit note THCOH YTHCH

Calculated running speed km/h 50 60 Standard of mountain ridges and heavy roiling areas Width of driving zoad m 2X7. 0 7. 5

Subgrade width a 21. 5 10. 75N

Limited mini-radius 125 125 Proposed radius m 1 500 ! Longitudinal grade 5 6 6 Design load of bridge and track beyond class 20, culvert trailer-120 Pavement structure bitumen concrete bitumen concretc Length of the shortest slo-

2. 3. 3 Program Arrangement The proposed highway is a major project of highway construction in the 9th Five-year Plan of Shaanxi Province. The constructin project can be carried out by once investment for total section and completion once for all. The project commences On Oct. 1, 1996 and ends on Apr. 30, 2020 , lasting 3. 5 years. For pledging to fulfil the task both in quality and quantity, the whole engineering will invite public bidding and adopt complete supervision.

2. 3. 4 Main Engineering Design

2. 3. 4. 1 Subgrade Engineering THCOR is located in the south of the Loess Plateau, where mountain ridges, slopes and ravines are crisscrossed everywhere. For the designing standards of subgrade, see fig. 2-3. When the foot of slope is filled in difficulty, the filling subgrades make totally gravity wall with balancing platform and shrinkiing the foot of slope ; the subgrades along rivers erect totally gravity wall with up slope to avoid flood erosion. The stone-road section of cut subgrade set up protective walls needed , while the earthy subgrade install upper gravity wall. The up- -15- per of cut sbgrade needs water intercepting ditch, chutc and drainage by side ditch, one-meter platform for debris dropping will be built up outside of side ditch. water-stopping-and-escap. ing canals wilMbe installed and one-mnetre berms are built up at the foot of slope.

2. 3. 4. 2 Pavement Engineering Bitumenous concrete pavement is suggested.

2. 3. 4. 3 Bridge and Culvert Engineering THCOH has 46 large and medium-sized bridges, with whole lciigth of 6, 351. Slm. Ri- vers through which are seasonable, floody in flood season and less In ordinary tine. These bridges adopt seperately bases of twin cloumn piers, platforms and piles. The whole engineering consists of 160 culverts, averaging 2. 3 per kilometre. The irrita- tion ditches will be built wih round tubes mnadeof reinforced concrete, and gaps and drainage velverts made up of arch and plate ones.

2. 3. 4. 4 Tunnel Engincering 3 tunnels in the proposed plan will be built, (5395 m in length). See of tunnels in detail at fig. 2-3, of cross section at fig. 2-4. For every tunnel,lighting systems ahve been designed to meet the specifications required. For tunnels longer than 80Dm, mechniical ventilation and emergency stopping belts designed. The prower for ventilation and lighting provided by private wire.

table 2-3 Channels of THCOH

oderd pIk No name leInth ~~EM~Cm) hightn.not widthnet vetlto

IK1C110+235I K 110+235 TongahumacTengshumao 1610 sand-staone,silt-stone 5 2X (9+15) mechlncal

2 KC112+960 ZbungjktsbDn 2, 075 sand-atone, 5 2X (9+15) mochinical sl1t-stone KC123+295 HaozbuangUang 1. 710 sand-tone, 5 2X (9+15) machinlcaI 3 K1325Hobagln ,70 ailt-stone

2. 3. 4. 5 Intersection Project 1. Interchange We'll set up 7 interchanges (including 3 to be reserved) along THCOR with design load: automobile -byond 20, trailer- 120. While the designed speed on ramps is 35 km/hr. Chuankou Grade Separation: Located at the starting point of at Chuankou. It's a two-level-round-about interchange. The main function is to diverge the traffic volume between Xi)an and Tongchuan, Tongchuan and Yan'an in Tongchuan city. Jinsuoguan Grade Separation :located at Banjiegoukon. The main route inter changes with Tong-Zheng highway, the adoption of a compound grade separation will be given. It mainly

- 16 - S _ - . , *_tvZr> ~~~~~~ 4- a J~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.

.. . ,!ro ,. . . .

,,- .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' ;

; - .;_;x_ ...... 1 ,; ~~~TyDe v- §- _ i_~ ' rU Ty pe

- - /4* _,,

_ ; \; g * --- a-. . 1. t.:

n I ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~P,tIL. I i7

Type E

(*D .3 -o3%..SX

I,ane Hard Lane Earth Shoulder zoO 5O I~~~~~~~~-ane Hard Shoulder Bartb Shoullder | Zoo -30** ½,__ , - 31,~~'~

Structure of Cuttlng Subgrade-edge S d Structutre of Subgrade-edge

Class-Oneang HighwaY Fig. 2 3 Design Standards Map of Subgrade andPaveme of ntTong- -Hu %\ -- J

t.; ~ ~ _ -T\

:Ig2- -t bIunnel (:ross-Section Sketch of THCOH

solves the proffer of up and down highway between Xi'n .Jiaopin .Huangling and Jinsueguan. Yijun grade separation: located 6km to the west of Yijun city. it interchanges by 'T' type with the newly-built class-two standard connecting line ,adopting sino-trumzpet grade sept aration. The fanction is to solve the problem of the automobiles up and down the highway between Yijun and Huanghing, Yijun and TongchLuan. .luangling grade separation: located I;angyandi interchanges by 'X' type with Huangdi- an highway, at a distance of 6 km away from Hluangling county. at serves as an entrance and exit of the Hluangdilingo-ea to diverge the up and down of the antornobiles between H-uangling. Qianton, Yan'an and Xi'an and Huangling, Qiantou, Xian and Yan'an. The type is sino-tr*umpet gtade interchangeI 2. Grade Separation There are 3 such ones along the Tong-Huang highway at which 7 points will be intersected by thLelocal highway. When intersected, the clearance of all is 1. 5 m, the span is 13 -20m- 3. Passge and fly=-overBridge The route will cross through the area in which aucal and production roads are very dense, So we' 1 set up 63 passages and fly-over bridges altogether.

2. 3. 4. 6 Facilities Along the Route 1. Managerial facilities: one managecial office and one mainteanoe office for the whole -18- route which at intercbanges toll station will be instaled. Telephones for the near future while communication system will eventually be set up.

2. Safty facilities1 After the height of the subgrade earth-filling is Zm larger than those artificial structures such as road sections, bridges and grade separations etc. The collision protection fence will be installed. Along the whole route the central dividing part (the safety is- land) will be formed. The road trafic signs and road traffic marks are also to be installed. 3. Service faeilities: A service area will be set up between Tongchuan and Huangling (71. 32 km). It takes up 30 mu land with parking lots hotels, dining rooms, automobile maintenance stations, gas stations, shops and health institutions etc in it. The area site wil be located at Shanjiahe (K141) in Yijun County or at the end of Kangyandi in Huangling county.

2. 3. 4. 7 Road Construction Materials and Transportation 1. Soil: the subgrade earthwork of the project amounts to 8, 795. 003 km3, it wil be obtained mainly from some pieces of land along the route, the spoil from channels and road- cut sections will be fully used. 2. Sand, Stone: Sand will be brought from Baqiao or Tongehuan railway station. blocks and lumps of stones will be acquired from windrow stations beside the route. Pavement aggre- gation wil be gathered nearly the Tong-Zheng Highway at Chuankou. If the intensity is insufficient, it will be transported from Fupin and Yaoxian. 3. Main materials: cement, lime for road building winl be brought from Yaoxian and Tongchuan. With a near transport distance. Steel, timbre, bitumen wil be brought from outside. The transportations of other self-supplied road building materials is accomplished by automobiles. This witl generally make the highway available but for some transportation. a rough additional road should be built for the time being. Whe out-buy materials wil be transported by railway.

2. 3. 5 Prediction on the Developement of Traffic Volume According to the study iesults of items feasibility of the project, the prospect of the traffic volume of THCOH can be seen in table 2-4. table 2-4 Item Traffic Prediction of the Project

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

section ______Chuankou-Banjiegou 10030 13926 18938 24938 32084 Banjicigou-Yijun 9020 13038 18014 24030 31184 Yijun-Kangyandi 8178 11650 15860 20990 27040 Yaoxian-Chuankou 24112 30776 37442 42994 47468 Note: data in tablefor passenge coach.

-19- It is shown by the OD study results of items feasibitity of the project that the proportion of large, medium, small -size automobiles on Tong -Huang Highway is respectively 34%, 49% and 17%. The peak hour on the highway between Tongchuan-Yijun is 15: 00-16: 00, 8. 3 % of the total traffic volume. The secondary peak hour is 16 t 00-17: 00, 7. 6%Y of the total traffic volume. The peak hour on the highway between Yijun and Huangling 12: 00-13: 00. the secondary one is 15: 00-16, 00 traffic volume of both is 8. 5% and 8. 3% of the total respectively. While night traffic volume is 5-10% of the total.

2. 4 Economical Assessment of the Project The national economic assessment results of the project is: economic inner benefit rate: 14. 36% (larger than social discount rate which is 12%), economic net vlaue: 240 milLon Yuan, benefit cost proportion: 1. 45, investiment recovery period: 16 year (in cluding the period of construction), When in service, oil saving: 94. 10 ten thousand tons totally. In e- conomy. the project is feasible. The analysis of sensitivity shows that even in the unfavourable event that the construction cost wil go up by 10%, while benefits will go down 10%, the inner benefit rate of the project is 12. 20 % which is still higher than the social discount rate which is 12%, that it can bear larger risks. Financial analysis shows that the financial inner benefit rate of the project is 3. 83% , 2. 3% larger than comprehensive rate, financial assessment of the project is feasible. From the financial sensitivity analysis, it isCknown that when cost adds up 10%, and benefit drops 10 % the inner benefit rate of the project is close to the comprehensive rate. The project is risk -resistant financiallRy

2. 5 Plan of Removal and Resettlement On the basis of the suggested scheme, about 135 households with a population of 573 or so need to be removed in the whole route. The removal areas of most buildings are 16, 858 m2 with 6, 191- 8 mu of land confiscated impacting about 4, 146 residents. The implementation plan for resettlement in the project is seen in table 2-5. The resete ment task will be taken by the removal office consisting of such memters as from the Shaanxi Provincial Senior Highway Administion Bureau, the SubProvincial and Mu- nicipal Tansportation Bureau, the local governments etc, and the village heads or representatives of the villages to be removed will be asked to join in the task at any time. The tasks for those people are mainly as follows: Representatives of Shaanxi Provincial Senior Highway Administration Bureau (side A): determining the removal household numbers; Performing the policies of the provincial go- vermment on the removal and land to be confiscated, solving problems of resettlement in time. -Representatives of the Subprovincial and Municipal Transportation Bureau: Assiting Side A's tasks reporting and handling the opinions and requirement of the masses and the local governments about the removal and resettlement in time. -20- Representatives of the local governments : considering the opinions and requirements of the masses taking charge of the resettlement of the removal muses and supervising it. V Wage heads (removal household representatives): reporting the opinions of the removal masse in time, making known the policies of resettlement, and supervising the execution of the resettlement plan.

2. 6 Project Construction Organization The topography and geology where the route passes are complicated, witch result in some hardships and arduousness in organizing the construction. However, in order to complete it on tirne with both high quality and good quantity, the project wil adopt calling for tenders, carry out the plan of project supervision, and finish construction on its first time. There are plentiful soil and stone quarries along the route. When constructing, they can be transported directly along the subgrade with only 4-23 km in distance. Except for grad- ing with Tong -2heng Highway at Jmsuoguan, there is basically no disturbance to the available road. The materials (cement, bitumen, timbre, sand, etc) for construction come from out- ares by Xi-Bao Highway, Tong-Zheng Highway and Huang-Qian Highway. This may lead to the transport pressure on these highways. to prevent it, the material transportation has to be stopped temporarily at 15: 0016: 00, when it's peak hour in these sections.

2. 7 Analysis on the Impact of Project Environment

2. 7. 1 Impact Factors of Project Environment The nain impacLon environment of the project comes from construction period and service period. the impact on environment in construction period is temporary, while in service period it may become severe as the traffic volume grows. the impacts of different respects of the Tong-Huang Highway on environment mainly as follows: Construction period: Constructive noise, vibration and transport dust Life sewage water and rubbish from constructors Used water from construction drainage The project-occupied land, farmlands and damaged vegetation Discarded soil, stone from channds Soil erosion (from digging stopes); water course occupation Damage to forest vegetation Materials transportation pressure on available roads Service Period: Motor vehicle exhaust, noise, vibration Permanent land occupying Waterway occupation 21 - Drainage from service area Accidental leaking of vehicles with poisonous goods Buildings (inter changes etc) affecting eye-sight and sceneries. Improvement of traffic (net work upon tourism and investnent)

2. 7. 2 Analysis of Project Environment Impact On the basis of the views by exports, of the investigation gained from the very site and of the environmental features of the project as well as the area, an analysis matrix table of environment impact of the project was drawn below. by which 6 subjects were set to environmen- taL impact assessment: 1. Ecological EIA 2. Cultural Relics ELIA 3. Water ETA 4. Noise EIA 5. Atmosphere EIA 6. Social EIA The first three were determined as the key assessment subject. The urban area of Tongchuan and Yaoxian city were determninedas key assessment area. Environment protection targets were determined as Huangling Conservation Area, Xihe reservoir and Public health.

- 22- table 2-5 Resettle menttime table

Order item Contents of tasks 1995 1996 1997 (saon) (season) (eason)

drawing reset- 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 tilenent plan

investigating general situa- linveting lands, houses tions

maing acre of amendment cnterua. drafting renttiement 2 drawing reset- schemee, detenning the tlementplan scheme after approval (aCl based on investigateddata and concerned policies)

Organizing per- formance

Puitngu re-Putting up land confiscatedI Puttig u *- and coordination office for the noal office removal

making out the numbers of Verifying the the conficatedland by the numners building unit; verifying these numbers by the removaloffice

signing agree- making regulations, signig 3 gu g removal agreements crying_ nwnt ~~outstep by step

presenting the numbers or Checking the confiseatedland by the build- confiscatedland ing unit to the national land Bureau for approval

resettling the households by 5 resettlemmnt removal agreement helped by the local goverment for carrying out

ranging the confisctedland by 6 delivering land the building unit to pas it wt the tenders

Supervising re- checking the carrying out of settletnent the resettflement. solving problems on time

-23------| - - - - | - . Scenery - - _ _ _ S Public Health and Safety _1 1E lultural ReliRIOn _=__ II_IIIIII u3 ° Resideatial live _____ Social Stability_ _ _ _ ' ~~~Removalop-ultio-n --- Employment __ - _ _ = _ _ = _ Cultural Rlelics _ - _ _ = ==

O ri g FiaheryProduetion _ _ g GricultureForestry Anihatl AI ______L ^ Industry Productlon _ Land Resource

c: Wet Biolog__ ___=_y _a __…0 Ui b Animal§ - "_ o _ o Vegetation .t 3 g Terrestrial Biology CIL Sytem Biolop >_ ;Water a Noise andvibration _ AtmosphericQuality _ Lendand SubmidLheeS-_b---e- c ti __= i a ~Groundwater Quality _ = H4 i <;roundU Water Quantity

_ _ _I i _ _ - a vl ResrvoirSoatgeSufaeWaterQuality ->l _ -______o_ o Surlace Water Quanity __ __ - T i 5- C i ~~RteservolrStorage _ 1-_ River occupation 7 = t_ Slope Stability -7 -, -- ___ Erorion _ r _Wair loss and Soil ot RivIr nItd ludroloHY _ - T s*, *- 7 7>?>

70ii10 Itj ! / A tz ¢ m g U w> auUi~~~~! C~ - ic tit v~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~tig a - 3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3. 1 History Changes and Administrative Divisions

The areas through which THCOH passes bave a long history. According to the unearthed Yangshao Cultural Remains, our ancestorslived and multipliedaround these areas six or seven thousand years ago, during the so calledthe New Stone Age. Struggling against nature, they created the clay culture of prnitive communes here. In the Xia and Shang Dynasties. 2600 B. C. there used to be "Qiao Country" of human ancestors. Accordingto the historical records, in the courseof Xla and Shang Dynasties, HuangL- ing County was called "Qiao Country". During the Spring and Autumn Periods and Warring States, Huanglingtogether with Yanan, Fu County, Suide were calledBaizhaidi. In the Han Dynasty it was renamed as ZhaidaoCounty. After several changeesof the name, in 1944, it was named again as HuanLing Countybecamuse of the fact that there is the Yeflow Emperor tomb on the peak of Qiaoshan Mountaionin the north of the county town. The City of Tongchuan was called Tongguan during several periods of Dynasties. In 1946, it got the name of Tongchuan. In 1958, the county was upgraded to manicipallevel. Now Its administrative divisionsare: one urban distic, onesububan district, two counties, namely Yaoxian and Yijun. The adminstraive divisionsin the projectarea are in table 3-1.-

table 3-1 AdmnimstrativeDivisions along the Highway Area

Profvince Prefecture, Administrative Towiiships, City Areas Towns .a Coun ChengguanTown, Dongiahe, Dongjahe Town ship, Wangjabian Township 'urban fluangbao Town, Wangyi Town

ShaWL! Tongehuaa City Tongehuan Wangjahe Town Suburban Yintai Town, Jruo Town Province JCaopin Town, Gaulougua Town, Chengguan Town, Pianqiao Town

Yanan Prefecture HuangLing County Chengguan Town, Kangyandi Township

-25- 3. 2 Physical Resources

3. 2. I Geomorphological and Topographical Features The proposed routc is located in the southern part of Shanbei Loess Plateau, the terrain of which rises from north-east. The highest peak of Miao Mountain is 1, 734. 2m above sea level in Yuan County; the Lowest Level is Huangbao which is 700m above sea level in Tongchuan. Nanling mountain which goe from east to west is the watershed betwce Juhe River and Qishuie River. The south slope of this mountain is steep and the north one is gen- tle with a relative elevation of 100-200m. The geomorphy are of two types, namely , loess mountain ridge and bed rock mountainous areas, making the land a feature of ridges checked with slopes and ravines crisscrossed to gullies. Also gulches are broadly developed. The soil- worn module is 1, 499t/km 2 per year. Soil erosion is serious. The areas taking bed-rock mountainous region as the rnainbody with a steep mountain and a deep river valley have good vegetation with slight soil erosion. The system of Juhe River on the north side of the watershed. The Nanchuanhe River and the lower reach of Xihe River in the Juhe Basin are straight and smooth with a vshaped river valley and a course width of 150-20 0 m. The river course of Yuhuachuanhe River is basically smooth and straight with a width of 60-lOOm. There are some ancient landslides distributed in partial sections of it slope. The system of the Qishuihe River lies on the south side of the watershed. Its branches, namely BanpiegouValley, Hougou Valley and Qiangou Valley are 30-50m wide on their bottom with its slopes (30-40 degrees) well covered by vegetation. The gradient of these valleysis large with short branch valleys.- There are also some ancient landslides in partial sections. The width of the bottom of the Wangjiahe River with a U- shaped valley is 20 0 -4 0 0 m. The topography along the proposed highway is higher in the midde part with two lower ends. The middle section (K105-K140) is of bed-rock-mountaionous region and the rest of loess hills, ridges and valleys.

3. 2. 2 Geology and Seism The strata of the route area are of that of the Cainozoic and the Mesozoic group. The river bed of the Qinshuihe River and the Juhe River features strata of the Quaternary, alluvial fine sand and gravel. There is Malan loess on the loessial ridge-sand bed-rock uppers of the mountains. On the gully slopes and in the valleys of lower hill with heavy rolling areas in the east of Kuchuan there are the Tertiary clay rock, clay with calcium noduls. The head reaches of Nanchua River, Yuhuachuan River and Xi River in the west of Yichuan County feature Jurassac mudstone, silt stone and grit, while the basins of Wangiahe River, Shangni River, Xi River and Wuli River-Triassac sandstone, mudstone, sandy shale, oil-bearing shale and coal. The geological structure is mainly of faults and folds most of which are dead except a few weakly active ones. The earthquake intensity is 6. - 26 - 3. 2. 3 Climate The poject area belongs to the continental temperate monsoon clmatic zone. It has clearly-divided four seasons with strong winds in spring, scorchinglr hot in summer with great temperature difference between daytimne and night. The rainfall is plenty with sudden showers. In early autumn it is rainy and cloudy, but in late autumn it is often cear. in winter it is cold and there it seldom snows and rains. The average annual temperature is 9. 7-C with the highest of 35. 20 and the lowest of -19. 6tC. The average sunshine is 2, 231. 6 hours in a year. The annual precipitation is 658. 3mm with 70 74of it in JulySept. The greatest torrential rain in a day is 84. 5mm. The terrain in Yijun area is higher with lower temperature and larger rainll. Snow deposit is generally from Nov. till Apri next year. The annual snow deposit is 23-86 days with the average of 41. 9 days with the greatest depth of 24cm. freeze starts in the middle of Dec. till midde of March next year with the greatest depth of 69cm. The annual wind velocity is 2. 7m/s.

3. 2. 4 Hydrology and Water Quality 3. 2. 4. 1 Surface Water There are plenty of rivers belonging to the Weihe River System in Yellow River Basin. These rivers are divided into two tributary units: Luohe and Shuanhe Rivers taking NanLing Mountaions as the watershed. The tributaries of Qishuihe and Jlhe Rivers, whichl the project route passes through, are from these two tributary units respectively. They are all seasonal rivers with small flow. For the details of these rivers see table 3-2. The water quality in the rivers except that in Qishuihe River, Banjiehe River and Juhe River is of class- 1 level. Qishuihe River has been polluted to intermediate degree. There are seven major polu- tants. The pollUtion level increases from headwater. The section where there lies HIuangbao Cement Works is most seriously polluted resulted from the sewage disdchargedfrom different factories. The lower reach of BanjegoouheRiver is polluted to intermediate degree. The water quality in the headwater of the Juhe River comes to class- 3 level. The Xihe Reservoir is located at K139-K140 of the route. The total capacity is 7, 851, 600Dmwith the effective storage of 4, 112, 000mS. The pollutant indexes are as follows: SS 6. 00mg/L, fluoride 0. 29mg/L, COD 3. 20mg/L, 2- 7m/s. Oil-. 05/L, Pb 0. 01mg L. P118, colon bacilli 2, 300/L. Therefore the water comes to dass f level, being the water source for Yijun Town.

-27- table 3-2 Rivers along the Highway Rivers (brooks) Water Branch unit Branch highway passes Relation to highway

______through Qishuihe Wangjahe parallel 1Okm Wiihe Qishuihe Banji0gou parallel 5km River River hoaun perpendicular pass Qangou perpendkamr pass Liuflngou perpendicular pass

Shlyiugou parallel 21 km Weihe Xihe paralle 24 km Luohe River lhch River River Qinhe paraLle 12 km Juhe perpendicular pass

3. 2. 4. 2 Grand Water The groundwater in the area the proposed project passes through is divided into bed-rock craze and porosity types, which is supplied by rainfall and infitration of rivers with enough fi- ow. The groundwaters along the route are the heavy carbonate and low minera-lization waters, colorless and transparent with no taste and stink. But the groundwater under the valley of Qishuihe River is polluted to some exent.

3. 2. 5 Acoustic Envirornment In the area of the project there is a good acoustic environmental quality with wild quiet and utanquil nrral areas. The acoustic environment is in accord with class 2 level, international Standards GB 3096-93. The sections at Huangbao and Chuankou being on the both sides of two trunk roads (the National Highway No 210 and X-T Cass-I Highway), can meet class-4 level in GB 3096-93. The investigation results of acoustic environment in the project area are in table 3-3. The monitoring spots are in Fig 3-1.

3. 2. 6 Ambient Atmosphere Environment 1. Meteorological Features of PoUlution The wind rose of the project area is in Fig. 3-2. The annual wind velocity is the four areas of Yaoxian, Tongchuan, Yijun and Huangling is 3. 3m/s, 3. 6m/s. 4. Sm/s and 3. 3m/s respectively, favourable for diffusion of pollutants, but in the urban area of Tongehuan, located at the narrow valley, calm wind appears usually, with the annual frequency of 22%o and inversion layers are easily formed. The annual stability is 48% -69%, E -F type unfavourable for diffusion of pollutants. 2. Environmental Quality - 28- :^UOchuan

Diantou I

ify,4 tIb4R-.

7, .oW 4Q eV f F2in: t~fljahewn 4b ~~~~~~~Tow

4;-f cuijU)oga/ tae /QipanTrown

Ii !;ILegentfl

o Atmospheric Monitoring Spot waiw aheAr4nchuan4 A Noise Monitoring Spot o lDological Investigating / |uangbao Spot I/ f 90 Water Monitoring Spot

Yacitn

I..

Fig. 3 -1 Position Map of Environmental Ambient Monitoring Spots along Tong-Huang Highway

-29- B| I o; - d lF 5 -~~ I ~ ~~~~~, 1.v l ~ ~ ~ t I

Wlinter(Jan.) winter(Jan,) ! winter(Jan.) I Winter(Jan.) I I ,I

Iq -1~*St

1 ~~~~~~~~~~fl~ 4IW

Spring,(Apr.) Spring(Apr.) Spring(Apr.) | Spring(Apr.) I I I

Summer(Ju.ly) Summer(July) Summer(July) Summer(July) * II

r- 11Ir. rV- Ii!

Autumn(Oct.) c Autumn(Oct.) j Autumn(Oct.)

hE 1

IA-nnualAveraLge AnulAvrg Annual i Annual Average Annual Average Yaoxian l Tongchuan I lijun | Huangl ing

Fig.-3-2 Wind-Velocity Rose along The Highway Area

- 30- The atmospheric environmentalong the proposed highway Is close related to human activities. Generally, In the rural areas the air is clearer. But In the areas where Is industry and dense population, the density of CO and SO2 Is above clss-2 level in GB 3095-82. No,,and Pb particles in the whole area are in accord with the relevant value. Whereas TSS In the nir Is higher than standard level because of the fact that tho highway is located on the loessiual plateau. The monitoring results of the atmospheric environment are In table 3-4. Moni- toring spots are In fig. 3-1. table 3-3 Noise Determination Value along THCOH

Rote Ple No Area Monitoring Leq (d) DeterminationItems Sourceof Noise Spots Day Night Environmental K94-K97 Chuankou. Chuankou 64. 2 52. 3 noiso In habitant Highwaytraffic TongehuanCity, area environmental KS?7- KI105 WangJh Town- Wangahe 52. 4 47. 6 noise in villages Highway traffic ship Tongchuan and towns Environmental K120 - Wangjahe- B anjiegoc 47. 6 43. 6 noise in villaes, Highwaytrffic 1(120 egou and towns

K120 - Jihopin-HuangL- Environmental K163 ing County, Qinjahe 43. 0 36. 1 noise In villages Highwaytraffic Shanhekou and towns Environmental K163 - Kangyandl Town, K165 HuanglLngCounty Majashan 57. 9 54. 7 noise In vilaes Highway traffic K165 Hsangling County and towns

table 3 - 4 a Ambient Monitorins Density of Pollutant along THCOH OnceValue AverageDally Value

Pollutant Place Density beyond Dealtylon boyand WierJge Vlu (mgs/Nm') rate (%O) (mg/Nm') rate (%)

I Tongchuan 1. 33-7. 75 0 2. 19-4. 64 20 3. 07 Chuankou

2 Wangjahc I. 3315. 0 0 2. 38-3. 85 0 3. 23 CO 3 Qinahe 1. 03-4. 13 0 1. 90-3. 50 0 2. 72 4 Kangyandl 1. 55&5. 80 0 1. 10-4. 85 60 3. 60 S Ynoxian 1. 03-7. 70 0 1. 96-3. 82 0 2. 87

6 Huangbao I. 03-7. 02 0 1. 50-S. 76 - 40 2. 96

- 31 - table 3-4b

Onm Value Average Daily Value

Pollutant Place Da__lty bayond Dar.sltyion beyrend varage Val (Mg/Nm') rate (34 (mg/Nm) rate %)

I Tongchuan 6-0. 093 0 0. 035-0. 061 0 0. 045 Cbwanlkou ______.______2 WmngjA Zs0. 036 0 0. 008-0. 024 0 0. 016

NO. 3 Qnjahe A-0. 043 0 &-0. 019 0 0. 012 4 Kangyandl Zs-0. 198 5 0. 037-0. 07? 0 0. 049 5 Ylnoxian 0. 014-0. 084 0 0. 020-0. 069 0 0. 043 6 Ruanngbno ZS-0. 109 0 0. 055-0. 076 0 0. 064

1 Tvgehuan 0. 364-0. 877 0 0. 41b-C. 652 100 0. 530 Chuankou 2 WongAine O. 095-0. 497 0 0. 166-0. 378 60 0. 308

TSP 3 Qlnpbac 0. 059-0. 379 0 O. tll-O. 260 0 0. 197 4 Kangyandl 0. 112-1. 181 5 0. 24i1-0. 524 80 0. 397 5 Ylnwxan 0. 121-1. 130 15 0. 500-0. 934 100 0. 787 6 Huangbao 0. 127-2. 320 20 0. 420-1. 550 100 0. 935

I Tongchuan A-0. 712 5 0. 122-0. 547 80 0. 311 Chuankou 2 WangjAhe AO. 178 0 0. 02Z-0. 086 0 0. 041

SOs 3 Qlnjahc A 0 A 0 0. 008 4 Kangyandl A-0. 093 O L-0. 031 0 0. 015 5 Ylnoxian A-0. 171 0 0-0. 101 0 0. 055 6 Huangbao A-0. 905 10 0. 030-0. 382 80 0. 219

I r,nchuan .- 9X10' O 5 6X10 -11.4 IXI-'4 0 7. 5X10-' Chuankou 2 Wangjahe ,-10. 6X10-' 0 A-6. 3X10-' 0 2. 98X10'

Pb 3 Qinjahe A-5. 5XO1' 0 6-3. 2X1-' 0 2. 6xI0 4 4 Kangyandl ZS-5. 3X10'- 0 L-3. 8X10 . 0 3. 02X IO-`

5 rYlodan A-14. 3X10 4 0 4. 5XIO-1-0. 6X10 _ 0 6. 74 X10-'

6 Huangbao A_-13 6X10- 4 0- 4. BXIGXlO. BX1o-' 0 6. 9X10-

Note: A-No data.

The results of the normal monitor along the route by the monitoring stations show that the pollution sources are from Yaoxian, Huangbao and urban areas of Tongchuan; the pollutants are smog and S02, while CO and NO, are not the major pollutant sources. In the urban areas of both Yijun and Huangling Counties, the air quality is good because there is no pollution sources of industiy-

-32- 3. 3 Ecological Environment

The route area is in the temperate and semi-humid zone covered by deciduous broadleaf forestry. The biology resource is aboundant due to a great variety of topographic features and nature conditions.

3. 3. 1 Vegetables Wild plants are mainly found in the Jiyan hilly area as a part of reserve of the forestry center. The forest coverage rate is 87%, and the preriling trees are Liaodong oak, poplar, Chinese pine, white birch and cocuse oriental arborvitac. Bushes, weeds and other wider- growth are densely growing in the forest. The artificial forest and other herb derivatives such as locust, poplar , willow, elm and etc. are mnainlygrown in the hily and valley areas with a good vegetation. The flat and highland regions are usually used for agriculture; therefore, the vegetation is relatively worse with the forcjt coverage rate below 27%. The artificial forest as well as some fruit trees such as persimmor, jujube, apple, wilow, Chinese catapa, etc, are grown in the slope and hilly areas. The cultivated crops are widely grown in the terrain, slope and. river areas in Yaoxian County and along the Tong-Huang Highway. The major crops include wheat, corn, beans, vegetables, tabacco, etc. The favourable conditions also make many wild Chinese herbs flourish. According to the investigation, there are 172 wild and artificial Chinese medicinal herbs, including jujube kernal, peach kernel, Huangqin, Dangsher, Shaji, Gaocao, Chaihu, etc and some valuable ingredients such as Duzhong, Yinxing, Qiyeshu, etc. The construction site of the Tonghuang Highway is choosen in the flat and highland area. The land under the general estimation is mainly used for cultivation. The major crops inclule wheat, corn, apple, persimmon, jujupe and walnut. The section of KIO8-K134 is about 26km2 long with a better artificial vegetation consisting of pine, locust, poplar, oak and etc, and the years of the tree are from 30 to 40. The major Chinese medicinal herbs include Huangqin, Chaihu, Donghua and Dongzhong. Yaowangbai Cypress on the Yaowang Montain in Xiaoxian County is a very valuable ancient tree. It is about 1, 000 meters away from the Yao-Tong half-class highwag. It is 12. 6 mnetersin height and 1. 26 meters in diameter. The tree, growing luxuriantly, is said to be planted by Sun Simiao, a great pharmanist in Tang Dynesty, and has a history of 1300 years. The Reserve of the Huangdi Tomb occupies an area of 577 hectare. It has the largest ancient cypress forest in the country with more than 80, 000 ancient trees. Some cypress trees have a history of more than 2000 years. The great cypress in front of the Hal of Xuanyuan Temple is known as the CGuijia Cypress" with a diameter of 1. 44 meters. Another cypress growing healthly in the yard of the Huangdi Temple is said to be planted by Huangdi himself. It is 19. 3 mnetersin height and 2. 7 meters in diameter.

- 33 - 3. 3. 2 Wild Animals There are 68 kinds of wild animals (classified into the North China Species) living in the route area, of which 23 belong to the beast family and 45 grouped into the bird fmily, leopard, musk deer and otter have been put into the list to be given special protection by the country. Most species including leopard, wild boar, roe deer, wolf, fox squirrel, owl, wood- pecker live in the hilly or valley areas. The number of animals is fewer in the flat and highland area where the major animals are wild pigeon, hare and rats. There are far fewer animals in the estimnationarea except hares, rats as a result of mass cultivation. No rare animals have been found herec The major animals living in Huangling Reserve are pheasant, squirrel, snake, grep wagpie, etc.

3. 3. 3 Agriculture The project site is in the south of Loss plateau of the Northern Shaanxi with a varied topography. The total areas covers 6, 184 km2, and the proportion between the hilly and highland area is 2: 1 The cultivated area is 1, 387, 000 mu and the proportion between hilly and highland area is 1: 1. The grain output per mu is lower than the average level of the whole province. However, the weather conditions are favourable for industrial crops. For the information on agriculture. see table 3-5.

table 3-5 Agriculture Production of the Hihway Area Otn Out- culited Cultiaed Land Sol Fi o Mb putI

Area Area (10 per capia Type cr_ g VW mu cro thownnd mu) (mu) OTypea TT TN

Y1503den ~~~~blawk whtApple. peach &592 2. 6 ioamacki. 1. 02 1 z 0. 17 159 Aprict. pat- coimy corn

T an 27. 9 2.1 drb W 1 S30 09! I. 17 wllcat 140 Appl, pc - urban blck Icalmol com eable

Was 29. 9 3. 7 db 1. 12 0. 14 t 172 Aple, JujubeTc c _ black Dln .o watnil

laca_ wheat HIlusa 21. 7 2. 7 bbCk 0. 67 E.0 4 11 con 245 Appk. Tobamo

burkiaoil _mf _

According to the study, the soil and crops of the estimation area are not polluted. But the lead content in the soil along the newly-built Yao-T ong half-class highway is higher than that of the background index of the local area. Besides, crops on both sides of the route (20 -34 - meters in width) have been found in a high lead content-

3. 3. 4 Land Resources and Utilization The landform can be classified into hilly, platform, river, and valley areas according to the geomorphology. The soil of the hilly area is the drab soil with a thin layer, good vegetation and better conservation. The annual worn modulus is 200 ton/km 2 . The soil of the platform area features in black loansoil and loess with a thick layer and flat surface- The said soil is easily affected by cultivation, and the annual worn modulus is OOton/km2. Mucky soil, which is poor in water and furtile conservation, fills up the river and v4Aeyareas. The water and soil erosion of this area is serious and the annual worn modulus is 1, 400 ton/km 2 . For the present situation of the land utilization, pIease see table 3-6. The average cultivated land per capita is 1. 56 mu, approaching the average level 1. 6 mu of the whole province. The undertaking highway use 1, 041 mu cultivated land, 1, 222. 2 mu slopes, 226. 88 mu waste land and 227. 98 mu removal lands.

table 3-6 Present Situation of the Land Utilition

Land CubJwtzd lad (Gard) Woodand Onubud Csmtnr L_ d Watc Lod

Arcs (10. 000 Arca Arma Area Aea Arm mu) (108. 000 X (10. 000 (10. 000 X an DeX cwo Xmify Gil mu) mu) mu) mu) mu)

Yiaoxia 1.611.6 59. 2 24. 5 70. 98 29 3 74. 9 30. 9 10. 6 4. 4 IL O 4. 5 County (242)

T .d.b.n 791 J 27. 9 231 4 27. 02 22. 7 32. 5 27. 3 17. 0 14. 3 1. I 0. 9 City (119. 0)

r 1.51. 29. 9 13. 3 75. 9 33. 7 51 5 26. 0 10. 7 4. 8 11. 8 5 2 .mnty (225. 2)

Huarl 2,27S 4 21. 7 6 4 247. 1 72 4 42. 7 12. 5 .7 1. 7 7. 9 Z 3 county (341. 3)

3. 4 Social Environment

3. 4. 1 The Impact area of the Project. According to social economy and traffic conditions, the immediate impact area of the Tong-Huang highway include Tongchan city, Yaoxian county, Yijun county, Jiaoping

- 35 - ) yan t an District y=iaL C

t Tongchuan - , rogcluanCi

i/IihaP \ac i

Chunhua

.,F_W,____I ' J gha'. /, 'i,j=?i/ a

Fig. 3-3 EconomicallImpact Area and Population Density of The Project

-36- county, Huangling county,Tiantou county and Luo-chuan. In addition, Northern L'uochuang and most Centural Shaanxi areas wil benefit from the highway. As for the impact area of the highway, refer to table 3-6. The said area is located in the south of Loess Plateau, Northern Shaanxi. It is the place where Huanging, the famous tomb of Chinese ancestor Huangdi sited, and it also serves as an important energy and constructive industry base of Shaanxi province. The impact area covers 40, 594km2 , making up 19. 7 % of the total area of the province. Emphasis is put on such cities and countries as Tongehuan, HuangUling,and Yaoxian , etc (cover the total area of 6, 157km2) when evaluating the social economy of the project.

3. 4. 2 Population and Employment The total population of the impact area is 2, 620, 200 making up 7. 84% of the total population of the province. The population density is 65 persons/km 2, lower than the average level of the province, 163 persons/km 2 . For the population density of each city or county, please refer to table 3-3. Of every 10. 000 persons in the area, 65 are college graduates, 1, 172 senior niiddle school graduates, and 2, 202 junior middle school graduates. The lliteracy and semi-lliteracy rate is 17. 9 %. For the population stadstic index of the impact area, see table 3-7, and for the employment situation, refer to table 3-8.

table 3-7 Population Statistics Index of the Impact Area of THCOH

Anre Popu_ai Natural Growth Soda Laber Non-Agriulture popula- Name (kmT) Cen thouaandper- Rate (Ten thand ton son) (X) person) (ten thbomnd person)

rongchuan City (T) 3882 78. 54 12. 53 41. 98 34. 47

Tongehuan urban 789 41. 99 10. 9 22. 59 28 48

Yaoxin County 1617 27. 60 14. 9 14. 35 .1 5.

Ylun County 1476 8. 95 12. 7 S. 04 o. 37

Yanan Ara (T) 36712 183 48 10. 1 58. 37 27. 52

HuangliungCounty 2275 10. 36 10. 08 5. 20 2. 60

-37- table 3-8 Employment Situation of the Impact Area

tatal Yaoxian county Tongcbuan City Yijun county Huanglin county

Labour Number (ten thou- 74. 1 14. 35 22. 59 5. 04 5. 20 sand person)

Agriculture (Y4) 43. 2 74. 6 27. 0 72. 0 51. 8

Mining Industry (C%) 17. 0 6. 9 28. 8 2. 7 9. 0

BuildingIndustry (!/) 4. 4 2. a 7. 0 1. 2 0. 6

Transportation and public 2 9 4 2 0. 9 0. Communications (M)

Educationandculture%) 2. 6 2. 8 2. 3 3. 2 2. 9

Scientifc Research Institu- tion (YO5 0. 3 0. 9 0. 1 0. 1 0. 1

Government Organizations 2. 3 1. 3 2. 6 1. 9 4. 5

Business (Y5) 3. 1 2. 0 4. 3 1. 6 2. 5

Others (g) 18 3 6. & 23. 8 16. 4 28. 2

-39 table 3-9 Social Economical Idex Unit: (hundred million yuan)

National Area GNP STPV GVIAO GVAO GYIO APNI Income

Tongchuan city 11. 49 25. 20 8.36 19.381 2.77 16.611 1070

urban 2. 703 0.753 1.95

Yaoxian county 3.105 1.455 1.653

Yijun county 0.941 0.561 0.38

Yanan Area 24.55 44.83 21.90 15. 88 6. 40 9.48

HuangLin county 2.02 4.37 1- 98 2.53 0.87 1. 67 1800

Shaanxi province 304. 88

Impact Area make up whole province 5.06 Density(%)

table 3-10 Plan of Social Economical Development(2000 year) U nit: (hundred million yuan)

Area GVIAO Gvowth Rate(%/) GVIO GVAO

Tongchuan city 60.5 13.37 56.6 3.9

Yanan Area 67.82 11.30 44.45 23.37

The population density and its distribution are varied due to the differences in nature conditions and economic development. There is a large population close to the city or county area. while most mountainous areas are sparsely populated.

3. 4. 3 Industrial System and Economic Development

- 39 - 3. 4. 3. 1 Economic Development For the social economic index of the impact area in 1992, please refer to table 3 -9. 3. 4. 3. 2 Industrial System and Distribution Tongehuan city has a complete industrial system with coal, construction materials, machinery, chemical engeering, textile and other light industries as the leading industries. The major products include coal, pottery, cement, electrolytic aluminium and refractory mat- ters. Yan -an takes oil, cigrette, coal and wool spinning as its leading industries. The coal, known for its high quality, is prefered in the international market. Most industries are concentrated along the railway or highway from railway station of the Yaoxian county to the north of Tongchuan county. Yaoxian county, including Huangbao town, is the center of construction materials industry. The urban district has established a comprehensive industrial system. To the northwest of Yaoxian county is the mining area of Jiaoping, and to the east is the mining section of Tongchuan county. There are few industrial enterprises in Yijun county. The industrial distribution of Yan 'an is scattered. For the industrial distribution of the impact area. refer to fig 3-4. Most industries, including two mining areas, namely Jiaoping and Diantou, are located close to the undertaking highway starting from Yaoxian county to Chankou in Tong chuan city.

3. 4. 3. 3 Economic Development Plan For the economic development plan of the impact area, pleae see table 3-10.

3. 4. 4 Mineral Resources The impact area is rich in mineral resources such as oil, gas, coal, etc. The coal deposits indicates 6- 89 billion tons, of which, the deposits of Jiaoping and Diantou (two mining areas in the impact area of the highway) is 3. 625 billion tons. For the mineral resources distribution, see fig. 3-5.

3. 4. 5 Tourism Resouces, Cultural Relics and Historical Places 3. 4. 5. 1 Historical Relics and Tourism There are plenty of cultural relics and remains with the very high historical value. The tomb of the Yellow Emperor, located on the Qiaoshan Mountain, is the grave yard of the first ancestor of the Chinese nation. The Yaozhou Pottery kilns were the pottery workshops left over from the Tang Dynasty to the Yuan Dymasty. The excavation of them changed the traditional claim of the Five Great Kilns in Chinese pottery history and produced a wide reverberate throughout the country. The Yaowang Mountain is known as the "Small Forest of Steles". Yanan is a sacred place of the Chinese revolution. The Yuhua Palace is a good place to visit and spend holidays. The Mouyan Statue, made in Sui and Tang Dynasty, is a treasure of the sculpture art as well as a valuable part of the Buddhism culture. Among more - 40- !ogpin \ - ~~~Zhidan Asai ,t. a

Yan~ :Yan

I i, -lanchan an Pan District

Ganouan' * - - - - g Legent*. - £ Coal Industr Construe . - r MeiOlc in a i ' A Mecbnica1ThdAdutt, 1i'u - - -. % -c A - Ref i e Xmndustry(J -- .O0 k Chemicai :rdus try. ' T,exie Tnustrj \'. 1A, - a-~ ~ ~ ~ - A Food Zndust. /-T7.' U J Oil Thduvstzy, XAu

0 Ciggizate 3 aoxi z Power Ildust,y kaN

,Fig. 3-1 4 Main Industry Distribution Map f Th

- 41 .Zirebam, (

zb}idian Ansaai

X . <" A,* ra,, , .1--- ..

w~~ ' ' . - ' .4!*.. ; Il : I Y~~~~-anctanga C l

Yan 'an District . Gan2qujU ~ * Legent' Scale

Type L-L o SLmaun-La, .-. Ciu,

1 | C! CoaiC __ i J xA GeneralonCoMl /-

y *hlud Cbonj i O ;. Hu |r BOneSchnk _u chuai x|l%\

I oil _ _ _

j u' _ _ _ I Gl d u m . - - - - Hu n g i n

Nan- Cariide Shale

1 FR*rntantCLay|L.LchiutR~ ___ ~ Z~~~~Ojgchay> /Jjnsu1o a; metalE,el Nlne O

.l ne______._ _ I______XIMe w e~ -B .l

Fig. 3 -5 Distribution Map of Main Mineral Resources in The Project Area

-42-

JI Stone-grotto ,.8_Beihaongshau of ZI1*~Old..eIte IMeetiu~g Old~Bin qChaq$l~ieOVacWyaobao ol-st e tiO1 a:f RevO4u ,)<_,,~jiva Wu Wang An^ai. e.> tA o~-tL* , ^,;Yan: an 4!'@;. atatX ° . } T . *anTan *Yanchang ran'an GanqUar, tt, ~~~~~~lo /=F ft,

h--oo------u S 5 -2eiexit sromJ . - -rt~ erlt Tr.o -2ei ic. 447 "~~~ tt\ TealP.le G,o Ancienlt RI12 otiAclzz ,¢ IiIZSaootX

'" ! -apratZhzI2zte h o40?9/f,l&2t lJ.le-caryedrt SunmaoTb *Sd~8t av* eof the sahowanEshanStone-carve c- tMee Z Xptant IV -t ieSite Tower __fOp R evLft

n the Inotn M4ar Of Relics d 3i-6 Distributio .tan UltCral al 'Pirp Project 1 i'StO'c Sites 2t43leh Area Of The

-43- than a hundred of historical sites, the statues and steles on the Yaowang Mountain, the Yaozhou Pottery Kilns and the revolution remains in Yanan have been put on the list to be given special protection by the State Council. For the location of historial relics and sites, fig table 3-6. Most of them are located close to the highwajy or railway routes. The undertaking highway project will join these sites to the Xian city and other scenic spots to develop the tourism industry of the whole province. 3. 4. 5. 2 Major Cultural Relics and Historical Remains. There are lots of cultural relics and remains with the high historical value In the impacted area. The major 25 cultural remains along the undertaking highway include historical sites, tombs, ancient buildings, stone inscriptions, statues and grottoes. 1. The Stone Inscirptions and statues of Yaowang Mountain. It is located on the Yaoway Mountain, 2km east of the Yaoxian county and 1. 5km av -ay from the route section K73. The stone inscriptions and statues were carved intermittently from the Sui Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. It has been put under protection by the State Council. Sun simiao, a great doctor in Tang Dynasty once lived here. The mountain is noted for steles as well as other ancient buildings, temples, frescoes and ancient trees. 2. The Yaozhou Pottery Kilns. It is located in the Southwest of Huangbao town in Tongchuan county and closed to the route section K84. The kilns left over from the Tang to Yuan Dynasty have been put under protection by the State Council. The pottery kilns and workshops built in the Tang, Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasty, were discovered by the both side of the QihLeRiver covering an area of 10klmn. The kilns of each dynasty remain intact and occupy an important position in the world history of culture and art. 3. The tomb of the Yellow Emperor. It is located on the Qiaoshan Mountain in Huan- gling County and closed to the terminal part of the undertaking section K164. It is the site of neolithic era and has been one of the most important historical sites under the state protection, It is the graveyard of the first ancestor of the Chinese nation and has become a famous tourist resort in China. The site covers on area of 21km2 including more than 20 important historical remains such as the tomb of the Yellow Emperor, The temple of the Yellow Emperor. the ancient cypresses, the Cypress Planted by the Yellow Emperor and the remains of Fangzhu City, etc. Besides, there are more than a dozen of scenic spots including the Frest of the ancient Cypress. The moonlight of the Qiaoshao Mountain, The Fog of the Longwan, The stone of the Beiyan and the LiLy in the South Valley, etc. 4- The Yuhua Palace Remains. The site is located in the suburb of Tongchuan City, Yuhuachua and closed to the route section K 120. The palace, with a beautiful scenery and mild climate and surrounded by the woods and mountains, served as a summer resort for the TaiZong Emperor in Tong Dynasty. The unearthed relics include-buildings, pottery kilns iron-making sites, stone inscriptions and statues, etc. Now it has bden made a forest park under the protection by the province. The undertaking highway was designed to keep away from the spot and was built 2km apart from the edge of the reserve belt. - 44- 5. Wangjiahe remains is locaitedat Wang jahc (K 100) in the Tongehuan city town. Its length In south-north direction Is 500 in and In east-west direction J , 500 m. It is a provincial protection area. The highway will pass through the protection area. Lots of relies like tomb tunnels , clay article, etc have been exavated. It Is a very Important area to study the development of Chinese People. 6. The Tapo Remains. It is located in the north of YaoxLan County and In the west side of the undertaking highway. The route passes through the edge of the remains. Many pottery pieces, stone axes, bone needles and deerhorns, etc have been dlscovered here. Also, there Is a Pagoda built In the Song Dynasty. The Tapo Remains Is under the protection by tMe province. 7. The Jinsuoguan Remains. The remains, about 1 km away from the undertaking highway, is made up of the statues and the ancient city walls built from the Tang to Ming Dynasty. It has been put under the protection by the City government. 8. Xiaohegou Remains. It is the site of the neolithic era located in the Zhifang village in the Tongchuan County. The unearthed relics include pottery and carved jars, etc. 9. Tiger Tail Remains: Longshan lmount, in Xiashang time, is located in the Northwestern Tiger tail village of Huangling county, where some ash pits, pottery and green -lined pots were unearthed, and where the highway passes through. 10. The Ancient Tombs a. The Pengzu Tomb: built in Shang and Zhou Dynasty, located in the Pencun vilage, Jinsuo town in Yijun County. about 2km away from the undertaking highway. b. The Hejiafang Tombs: built in Han Dynasty, licated in the Hejiafang area of the Jinsuo Town in Tongchuan County. c. The Zoumaliang Tombs: built in Han Dynasty, located in the Zoumaliang areas of linsuo Town in Tongchuan County. d. The Zhifang Tombs: built in Han Dynasiy and located around Zhifang village of the JinSuo Town in Tongchuan County. 11. The Grottoes along the Highway a. The Pengcun Grottoes: built in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, located in the southwest of Pengecun Village in Yijun County. b. The Xiaomiaogou Grottoes: built in Tong Dynasty, located in the west of Jiaozhai Village in Yijun County. c. The Wuliang$han Grottoes: built in Song Dynasty, about 500 mn. south of Lijiahe Village. The historical remains within the impact range of the constrution project include the Yaozrhou Pottery Kilns, the Tomb of the Yellow Emperor, the WangJiahe Remains and the Tapo Remains. The first two belong to the important historical sites under the protection by the State Council; therefore the protection methods must be adopted strictly in the highway construction after having has consultations with the related units of the cultrual remains. The relocation plan is permitted if necessary. -45- j j . ; tantan ' *j4t-ar *,an

I 'r § "t0~~~~.~~\ i | t r.> \ ^CltQ j~~~~I

2~ SS.Diai-t6~ ZIen i. . 9X .; | l l u /gJ [

I~~~1HU e e g EeQC

AS;3 3. 4. 6 Major Basic Facilities

3. 4. 6. 1 Traffic Transportation 1. Highways There are two national highways and eleven provincial highways passing through the project area The total mileage of the highways is 4, 901 km with the trunk lines making up 32. 09 %Yo,the county and township highways-67. 91%. It is an area with 12. Okm of highway per lOOkm 2. The National Trunk Highway No 210 is the major artery to link the south to the north of the area and the only primary road to Xian, the capital of Shaaxi Province, undertaking most of the passenger and goods transportation tasks. At present, a highway traffic network has formed with the National Road No 210 being the backbone. Now every county is linked by provincial highways , and every township by county highways. For the highway network in the impacted area, see fig. 3-7. Considering the transportation volume, the haulage capacity is unable to meet the urgent need of the increasing development of economy. Although the Highway No 210 takes on heavy transportation tasks, it is of low class road with insufficient haulage capacity owing to mixed traffic and the fact that the design load of the bridges and culverts is not in accord with the present technical standards. As a result , large tonage vehicles can not use the road. Ac- cording to the 1992 s statistics, the average mixed traAic volume was 5, 306 vehicles a day on the section between Tongchuan and Huangling, the congestion density being as high as 2. 6. There have often been traffic accidents. To sun up, it is crucially necessary to build a high- class highway between Tongchuan and Huangling. 2. Railroad For the railroad in the project area, see fig. 3-7. In this area there are two rillroads, namely Xi-Yan railroad and Xian-Tong railroad- In addition, there two railroads for special use, namely Qin-Qi and Mei-Qi. The Xian-Tong railroad is an important passageway from Guanzhong district to Tongehuan which is the base of building materials and coal in Shaanxi province. This railroad and Mei-Qi road meet at Yiaoxian. Xi-Yan railroad is a new passageway from Xian to Yanan, which was built in 1991. It is linked with Mei-Qi railroad at Huangling. The Xi-Yan railroad. carries crude oil and coal to the south from Northern Shaanxi. Both Xian-Tong and Xi-Yan roads are connected to Longhai railioad at Xianyang and Xinfeng respectively. The trasport capacity is badly limited since Longhai railroad is a very busy one. The freight transport relies on highway mainly. Furthermore, the distance from the Northern Shaanxi to X;an is within the optimum haul of highway transportation. Therefore, the highway is the key transportion means to connect the project area with the outside.

3. 4. 6. 2 Post and Communications - 47- The brief indexes of post and communicationsare in table 3-11. There are 100 post and communication offices (spots), with 62km2 of service area per office. All towns and 20% villageshere are furnished with telephoines.

The Post, Telecommunicaions Indexes table 3-11 in the Effected Area of the project Number

Index Unit TongChuan Yaoxian YiJun Huangling Urban County County County Number of letters per person in a 42. 5 2. 8 I. 7 3. 8 year . _ Number of press per person in a yalt . ~~~ ~~~390. 12 0. 17 0. 50 Telephonenumber by the end of the year ~~~~~5571 680 .499 523 year ___ Househoid number oF long-distance 1580 62 245 call by the end of the year __ ViWage telephone number by the end 401 122 100 430 of the year

Total number of post stations 50 26 16 8

Total length of postal route km 180

Total length of villagedeliver route km 167 1076 777 642

The press seUingspots 3 3 1 2

3. 4. 6. 3 Power Supply. Water Supply and Water Conservancy Facilities 1. Power Supply There are no power plant in Tongchuan, therefore, all the electricity used comes from the power networks of Shaanxi and Northwest. The power supply extent is 2, 340km2 covering 60. 3% of the total area. All the towns in this area and 90% of the administrative villagesprovided with electricy, and 1, 170, 000, 000 kilowatts/hour of electricity were consumed. There are one heat power plant and three small scaled hydraulic power stations with the output of 23, 980, 000 kilowatts/hour each year. At present, all towns except a few far -away mountainous ones and 85% of the natural vilages have electricity supply. 2. Wacer Supply and Drainage All the urban areas of Yaoxian, Tongchuan, Yijun and Huangling are supplied with running water. For the water supply and drainage, see table 3-12. Most of the vilages and townships are supplied with runmningwater, too. The drinking water in some outlying moun- - 48 - tainous villages is from rivers, springs and wells, the quality of which is in accord with the standards of drinking water.

table 3-12 Water Supply and Drainage in the Impacted Area water- Place Predudtimn Yearly water pthn o Tota kngth Waterworks et city names capacity m' sapplycpacty (t) perp bnelltued of dt

______' CLdy ('cm Tanl;cuan 3 31, 000 9, 370, 000 100. 9 419, 000 22 Urban

Yaoxlaa Y1 28. 000 397, 000 40 43, 000 13 County

YUan 1 300 88, 000 26 12, 000 2 county

ruangling 149. 000 6800 6 County

3. Water Conservancy Facilities There are 36 middle and small reservoirs in the area with the-tatal storage capacity of 127, 890, 00Om3.In the river course areas, artesian diversion is used. There are 118, 000 mu of irrigated land amounting to 9% of the arable land. It can be seen that the project area is deficient in water resources for agriculture- The flood control works of the most rivers were so designed to deal with the floods which happen in -20 years frequency. The proposed highway basically goes along the river courses where there are plenty of streams and rivers and it passes through east of the XIhe Reservoir near Yijun (K139).

3. 4. 6- 4 Education and Medical Service See table 3-13 and 3-14 for the education and medical service in the impacted areas respectively. There are I midde professional training college, 112 high schools, 1, 314 elementary schools, with 139,600 students enrolled, making up 15. 7% of the population. The entrance rate of the school-age children is 98 3o. 86%oof elementary school students can cont- inue their study in junior high schools; 49% of those can go to a higher grade. From the above-mentioned figures. it can be seen that the primary education has been popularized here.

- 49- table 3-13 Education in the Impacted Area

MJddle Saheoo Entranke rate Divisiens Indsem Middk prol. (Profesional Elementwy Klndaerpftn of cbidetn of training college hed) school schwtae (m)

Schoolnumber 28 450 17 Yaoxian - Prb...onal teachernumber 1255 2393 162 99 County Schoolstudent number 1. 32 2. 79 0. 41 Schoolnumber 1 1255 284 9 Tongbuan P2o2in7 tcher number . _2. 2400 20 S8 Urban School student number 0. 05 3. 09 4. 47 0. 20 School number 17 313 2

County Profcssiondteachr number 260 690 98 County ____ Scboulstudent number 0. 42 1. 18 0. 03 Schbolnumbcr 13 274 30 Fluangling . County Professinalteacher number - 427 797 42 98 SCotl stuynt number 0. 53 1. 32 0 13

According to the local laws of education1 elementary schools are run in vElages, junior high schools in townships and senior high schools in cities (towns). The areas the highway passes through are of rural villages. Along the route within 500n from roadsides there are 4 high schools, 13 primary schools with 2, 200 students in them. There are clinics in villages central hospitals in towns or townships and grade hospitals in cities or counties. The medical service is good with 73 doctors per ten thousand people. Along the route within 500m there are 3 hospitals with 500 beds. table 3-14 Medical Service in Impact Areas Professional Doctors Rural Rural Divisions Hospitals Beds med ical Cl Rural per 10, 000 Cihies doctors persunnel Speoplc Yao County 16 627 U67 48

Urban Distof 28 2, 739 3. 659 795 1, 096 95 Tongchuan

Yijun County 6 125 256 69 Huangling 36 438 449 183 102 52 County _ .

-50- table 3-15 Material and Cultrual Life of Inhabitants in the Impacted Areas

Index Unit Number

I . Employmentz Persns an employee supperts in urbana areas person 2. 07 Perons a iabourfurce suppons In villages person 1. 90

Job-walting rate 34 2. 2

1. IncDme, Average Income of urbaninhabitants yuan I, 260 Annual aveage pay of emnplyce yuan 2, 146 Average, net Income of peasanis yuan 521. 8 labour's coa yuan 1, 472

U. Consumptions Average consumption of urban inbabitants per per- Y 1186

mm ~~~~~~~~~~~yuan448 Avere consumption of peasants per pdrson

W. Housings Average housing areas of urban Inhabluant per parson R8. 15 Average number of rowns per housebold. tavro 2. 1 Average housing areas In villages m 17. 6 Average value of rooms housebold reomnsryuu S. 24243

V. Culture, Culural structure of above thc age of 12 in city (coliege 34 1. 5/23133/39/1 senior middle school/junIor middle school/elementary school/WIritee, seml-ilteate Cultu- %4 1436/30/21 al structure of above 12 in vilae (senior middk sebool/junior

School/el"nentary rue of children ef school age hi city 34 99. 8 Entrance rate of children of school age in villag% 98

3. 5 Life Quality

3. 5. 1 Cultural and Living Standards of Inhabitants For the cultural and living standards in the impacted areas see table 3-15- The family income of the urban inhabitants takes the fourth place, and that of villagers the sixth in the province. The expenditure of the urban inhabitants on food, clothing . articles of daily use, recreation and culture makes up the following percentage of the income: 51. 7, 18. 9, 15. 3, 9. 8 and 0. 8 respectively. The figures above show that the farmers have begun their new life from poverty.

3. 5. 2 Public Health According to the investigation, some people in the project areas suffered from such endemic diseases as goitre disease, Keshan disease and kaschin-beck disease caused by poorer qualit water from springs which contains less iodide, but more oil pollutants and carbonate. To wipe out these kinds of disease, measures have been taken by the local governments, and

- 51 - as a result, the goitre is under control and Kashan died out. The builders of the road wil dri- nk rnming water, so they may not contract such diseases.

3. 5. 3 Life Environment Quality of Inhabitants in Sensitive Spots along the Route For the life environment quality in the sensitive spots, see table 3-16. From the table we can see that the environment quality is good here.

-52- table 3-16 Environment Quality in Sensitive Spots along Proposed THCOH

_Nuibidll) Aasmnw&,en Desist

1laceswine Unithillage2nanw . ayi NishImu co NM iP W'r

So.arnd D ed Sowed &e_d D lr D e ISQd Lu-I Saeard i. SbwArd Did l I

Ame

Canuco Tephoan e PeApital S4.2 v SL.3 q LOT 20% 0.6IS 0 0.5.3 1Ox War

OwinI,.os Pdnmy Sawa

W anajishe. iddleocso;1 2.4 47.6 3.2J 0 0.016°° 0 30. sex Rasmia he WeW!bI rbil.'I.s

47.6 4S.6 2.72 0 0.012 0 0.30a *°X ru%

. Minc_Uddl,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Rwnn ojidbe GCmsjabeVifl6. 43.0 301 2.72 0 0.012 0 IL167 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~___ WaX_DSerGo

F Zilfioa30 t*3. 2.7 0 0.012 o 0.1975 d h. FeraaeSdwsl-__tt

Tontch.a Pharac _ __scn

Bsni~- wws _ 47.6 43.7 :72 0 0.lt2 0a1n7 Ramingg Heanielon, Schsod Wakr

Najiahe Vilw3 _S ___ N

Li"iabehIb SiOinjabe jl.C'?lag Qmalky2yi in

Shilo Swim Sc d 43.0 36.1 Z.72 0 0.012 0 0.197 0 aresdh

jhbe Lipj6he 5dohlt Cl Ia Versat .ea. ns

~Qianda ~ViLer ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~tnddo fleojiahe ViSage

Shenf= QitM NMK r nCTE Xi. Y.ng11gist Village wae of 43.0 3.LI 2. Z 0 0.012 0 0.197 0 a*eap Sanihe SAwS good qalj

Qiastl Vilwae Shead

YSfl3aUpinUSdali_e

aoXi, Uran Disrit t;4.2 523 2.37 - O.Ot3 0

| IFenajoq Schd

Fea| Dngiabe Sdw.. ; ion 61.2Z 50. 3 Ls57 2.37 0 0.043 a ateF nia-

| | wgph VeiSae _|

I sangbaIH Tos TY'ehi I t HoIe 64tit. 2 U 52.3 j 2.56 40 .064 1 0 waer M4iddle&hoelt__ l{

Note * uDaiy ewege w beyond teedk .' * .Neie bryad rdead.

-3- 4 ASSESSMENT AND PREDICIION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

4. 1 EcologicalEnvironment

4. 1. 1 Sofl Erosion

The soil erosion of the area in which the highway wil be built is rather serious owing to natural factors such as too many gullies, loose soil, uneven rainball, frequent showers as well as man-made factors such as mining, construction of roads and dams, farming and denudation and so on. With an area of 3354. 6km2, a ration of 57. 7% and a modulus of 1400 ton/km2 year, the area is a medium eroded region. The rainfall during the flood season in this area accounts for 55% of total annual rainfall. Because of the different natural conditions and the influence of human economic activities, the soil erosion degree has a distinct reginal nature. The existing forest area, with an erosion modulus of 190 ton/km2 year, basically'belongs to the non-erosion region; the plateau gully area, with a modulus of 2000 ton/kMn year, belongs to the medium -eroded region; the river valley of gully area, with 1500 ton/km2 a year belongs to the medium eroded region. The cause of the soil erosion is water erosion, and concurrently gravity erosion, which fans into three forms; collapse, slide and skid. The 35km part (from K1Q05to K135) of the road is of recover valley in gully region, belonging to the slight or medium eroded region.

4. 1. 1. I Prediction and Analysis of slide and CoLlapsePossibly Caused by the Project

In Chuankou (K95). Tong-chuan, Houqinghe (K146), and Yijun county along the Road- There is a length of about 12, 500 metres that is an unfavourable geological section. The unfavourable geologic sections and engineering measures are shown in table 4. 1. Statistics from the roadway departments concerned show that more thar. 40% of the slide along the railway was formed by the changes in slope formation or made active again by excavation, HM1cuts in many places along the proposed THCOH wil weaken the anti-slide a- bility of the hill. The construction of embarkments, stack-yards or other buildings wil add load to the hill, and the blast vibration during the construction of the road may cause slide or collapse. However, the slide or collapsepossiblly caused by the construction may be controlled if the constrution management is strengthened, mechnicals (no eWploration)are used to avoid vibrating during digging.

- 54 - * . . ***.. * 'fl.1. ~~~ 'w t .ini **wv-;;l*p. * ' . ; * . ri--r._rr r...

table 4-1 Unfavorable Geology Section and Engineering Measures Length U nfavonrable Enginering Atea m() Type condition Measures

CBypenetrating irrigation water passing Unfit for thick filand Chuankou. 1500 Slide In front. It Is now stable by temporary deep cut. a tunnel wl Tongchuan treatment. be built

The natural slope Is damaged by such Wanlahe f tSlopeenias irregular bidelurface.sully Bypass it or build Toaghuan 350 0 Dfraindeepening, high side slopes, small dead anti-slide wall. Tongohuan Deformation slide or irrigation, soil digging when the route passby.

The route passes by bed-rock hill or slope. Which consists of hard and soft Yihaojing 2550 Slope stratified clastic rocks overlaping each Tong cu 2550 Deformation other, mud. eulareous building plays the Build retaining wall main road. Weathering joint becomes large. As a result, the hiU is susceptible to slde.

The route passes by the westside of v- Aibo village, 1450 Slope type gully: weatheredbroken sand rock. Sma- ffll and ct Tangehuan Deformation soil-aggregate steep cross slope, slope wash couldeasily cause small slde.

The route passes in westside of v-type Banjiegou 5000 Slope gully± weathered broken sand, rock, soil smal flu and cut Tougehuan Deformation -aggregate steep cross slope, slope wash easily could cause sman slide.

The route passes by front. Gravity slide exists, slide-body consists of soil and Houqinghe 100 Small small quantities of aggregates. Natural tainins waol cross slope is conservative and temporar- By stable.

Since engineering measures listed in table 4--1 will be taken during sevice, the project will not distinctly affect bill stability. Test and analysis show that the frequency of the foundation vibration wiMlvary from 312 to 10H2 when excited by the DHT (in the year 2020). This frequcncy wil not affect the hfll stability according to the results of years of study by the railwav elfapartment.

4. 1. 1. 2 Soil Erosion Analysis Caused by the Project 1. Prediction Mode The universal formula of soil erosion was used in the prediction to calculate the erosion -55- quantity. The formula is A=R. K. L,. C. P (4. 1) Where: A-Erosion stroenth (t/ha. yr) R- Rainfall erosive factor (joule/ha. yr) K-Soil erodible factor (t/joule) L,-Grade length and gradient factor C-Covering and management factor P-Soil conservation factor By highway engineering characteristics, RKLS and P don't vary (or slightly varies comparing with big soil erosion areas). however, the covering and those in management factors) varies with the length of the construction period and service time, so the formula can be changed as follows At C, (4. 2)

A2 C2 Where: Al-Local existing erosion strength (ton/hecture. year)

A2-Erosion strength after land surface changes (ton/hecure, yer)

C 1-Present surface and managemnt factors

C2 -Covering and management factor after land surface changes C =1. 0 for the bare surface stage during construction. C=0. 5 for the plantations recovery stage during initial service period.

2. Soil Erosion During Constrution The proposed THCOH will basically go along river gullies and mountain slopes. Hil cuts and earth fills along the route and construction of tunnels wil cause large movement of soil and stone. The earthwork in construction will be 6. 373, 250m3 , in which 4. 274, 60 0xn2 earth and rock vill be used for filling and 1. 107 ,330m2 wil be discarded. The discarded earth and rock will worsen soil erosion in this area, and may block the river course and deduce the floodcontrol capacity of it, if the discarded earth is dumped along the road slope. So it is suggested to choose a suitable gully in which to heap the discarded earth. Meanwhile retaining darns and facilities should be built to treat the discarded earth properly, and retaining walls at the upper slopes should be built before beginning the earth filling while constructing subgrade along the slopes. The construction period of the project is 5 years. By calculating soil erosion during construction with the formula and with a reference to the erosion quantity that have been come by in local similar projects. We come to a conclusion that along the road during the construction period it will be 5 times larger local present erosion and the erosion modulus will reach 10. 000 ton/km 2 a year. The erosion quantity along the road during construction is shown in table 4-2.

- 56 - table 4-2 Prediction Result of soil Erosion Soil Erosion Regions Project Stage (T/km2 year) Mutiples Increased

Status Quo 1502

Yaoxian County Construction Period 7510 Early servicOperiod, 3004 2 service time Status Quo 1666

Tongehuang Construction Period 8330 5 Short- tern Operation 3332 2 Status Quo 1369

Yijun County Construction Period 6845 5 Short-term Operation 2738 2

Status quo 677 Huangling County Construction Period 3385 5

Short-term Operation 1354 2

During construction the project will only bring temporary impact on soil erosion after constructing the side slope protection. Drainage engineering will be perfected and vegetation along both sides will resume, artificially, to the present satuation adding the subgrade, blocking and protecting the effect on the earth and rock. The erosion satuation will be better than the present situation.

3. Soil Erosion During Service Time The soil erosion situation during service can be classified into two periods, "short term (the 1st 5 years)" and 'long term" on the basis of the plantation resumption condition along the road during the early period, since the plantation has not yet fully resumed. The quantity of erosion will be 2 times as much as the persent situation. The soil erosion quantity along different parts of the road is calculated by formula 4-1 and is shown in table 4-2 during the "long-term " later period of the service time. The erosion quantity will be lower than the persent level owing to the fuUlyresumed plantation, perfect protection of side slopes and shoulders and the blocking effect of the subgrade.

4. 1. 2 Wild Animals and Plantation Vegetation

4. 1. 2. 1 Wild Animals Up to now, no rare animals have ever been found in the assessment area along the road and the project will not affect the number of the existing animals in the area. The adminstra- -57 - tion is reinforced during the construction, and measures are taken to prevent them from being hurt. Becausethe largest part of the road lies along rivers and between valuies. the construction noise and vibration wil only affect a limited area, and will only bring a distinct influeuce on the sorrounding animals to more the fully enclosed operation of the road and adequate cul- varts and underpasses will enable the animals to move freely and will also prevent any possible huntings. In short, the project will not bring an obvions effect on the number of local amima- Is, species or their living environment.

4. 1. 2. 2 Vegetation Owing to actties like iallingof trees, and trampling during construction, the local vegetation within the assessment area wil be worsened, especialy the part within 100 meters from the road. Most of the natural vegetation along Tong chuan-Huang ling highway is focused along the part between K105-K160, about 55km long. Becausethe subgrade on the road will lower and destroy 2. 040 mu of torest land accounting for only 0. 05 percent of the total forest land of the region, and most of the forests here are rnan-planted woods and the bushes which cost little here, it wfll have a smaU impact on the local forestry production. Futher more, this vegetation destroyed along the road will be temporary and will cease generally upon the completion of the construction. The anafysis on the local rainfall and natural condition shows that bushes along both sides can be resumed within 2-3 years, and forests can roughly be resumed consumed to the present level if any measures are taken. Three tunnels are designed to be built along the road, totalling 5, 395 meters long will pass through mountains which have adequate vegetation and streams formed from springs The asses'-aent group has consulted some people in Tong Huan Forestry Bureau, Hungling Forestry Bureau and the Povincial Huangling office on the question of whether the vegetation on the mountains wil wither owing to the tunnel digging that will cause great lose of ground water and the water to reduce. The group learned that there is much water in the area where the route passes. The layer of earth covering the mountains is rather thick (10-20m). The tunnels are mainly formed by sandstone and mudshale the water needed for vegetation is mainly provided by rainfall, The resutts of the rock inside can support up the water contained in the soil above. On the basis of the analysis the construction and operation condition of the existing railway tunnels along, Tong-huang Highway wiMlnot bring a distinct imnpacton the vegetation environment on the montains. However the weathering of bare shale will be serious. Thus stone posing protection should be strengthened, to stop such weathering and too much of ground water. The prediction result of the enviromental pollutant density along the road shows that the oxinitrigen density compound at the tunnel entrance will reach 0. 48mg/mr while carbon monoxide wil reach 9. 38mg/mz. This density will not bring a distinct influence on the vegetation close to the entrance. The road will bypass Huangling conservation zone and the ancient cyprss trees, thus it wil not bring any influence on the woods. The use of the road will attract more through traf-

- 58 - fic. The traffla volume In the conservation zone wil be much reduced, Improving the growing environment of the ancient cypress trees.

4. 1. 3 Agricultural Production

4. 1. 3. 1 Economy The occupation of land for the road is permanent. The occupied land will of course lose its agricultural output ability, which can never be compensated. The project will take 6, 1918mu of land on which the average wheat output lost per mu In the 5 years is 0. 187 tons. On average the yearly increases by 2 percent. The lose foi producing one ton of grain is 297 yuan. Considering the shadow price, the benefit for each ton of grain is 959. 7 yuan. If we use the Last 23 years as reterence, the NPV of the land will be 10, 015, 000 yuan and the annual grain will be 4, 273, 000 yuan and the loss in agricultural income wrn be 410, 000 yuan.

4. 1. 3. 2 Agricultural Ecology 1. Soil Quality According to the El features of the Project, construction lead particles are taken as an analysing factor while the accumulation model of poisonous substance is used in this predicting calculation in this report. The formula is

_re. n=E"eC,+C.n I1-(4. -Kec 3 Where: C.-lead content in soil, n: year; C,-background value of lead-in soil; Cir- increase value of lead into soil every year; K,-residual rate. When the residual rate is too high because for pollution of many years, K.-I, n-boo (4. 3) be simplified as

C.,. =K. * Cb+C 1 * K. - n (4. 4) The lead content in soil calculated lated by the traffic volumes of different years during the service time are shown in table 4-3. From the table we know that the traffic volume increases during service tine. The lead content in the soil along the road will also increase. The content in 2005 will be 16. 27-38. 5mg/kg, however in 2020 it will be as high as 75. 88 -1 48. 9mg/kg , and all these long-term prediction values are over the Shaanxi province background content, 21. 4mg/kg, which shows that lead particles in automobile exhaust will briing a considerable impact on the environment.

-59- table 4-3 Prediction Result of Lead Remnant Tendency in Soil Chuankou- Banjiegou- YijzU- Yaoxlan- Banjiegou YTjun Kangyandi chuaukou 13ackgroundValue of Lead 21. 3 13. 3 13. 3 32. 7 Content in Soil (mg/kg) 3 Annual Lead 2005 1. 51 1. 38 1. 27 2. 30 In1put(ppm) 2020 4. 00 3. 87 3. 43 6. 62

Lead Content 2005 22. 64 19. 68 16. 27 38. 5 in Soil (ppm) 2020 65. 92 62. 53 55. 88 148. 9 Type Soil of Brown Soil BlackSoil, Loess Blacksoil, Loes Black soil Note, The localbackground values are taken as valuesin this table According to research experience both home and aborad the soil lead content between 75. 9 and 14. 9mg/k is not classified as a poluted area, thus we predict that the soil along the road will not be polluted by lead particles in automobile exaust within the predicted term.

2. Crop Quality From table 4-3, we know that the lead content in the soil along both sides of the road will increase by 3 tines after 20 years of road usage. In addition, the crops directly absorbing lead will increase considerably. but it's influence on them wil not be obvious

4. 1. 4 Summary

1. The earth work of the proposed Tong-Huang highway will be extensive. There will be many of excavation sections and great amounts of soil. However, the soil erosion hereby caused can be effectively controlled if the management is strengthened and the treatment is performed properly. 2. There are lots of unfavourable geological sections along the Road. However. as long as some rneasures such as loading, bypassing, avoiding of high hill, and deep excavation, etc- are taken in the design of the road, the Road construction will not affect the stability of hills and slopes along both sides. Machines will be used as much as possible to avoid any possible explosion. 3. The construction of the Road will not distinctly affect animals and plants along either sides. Only the forest nearby will suffer loss, however it wil tie resumed in the later period of the service time (in 15 years) 4. The Road, after completion, will enable more vehicles to pass through HuangLing country, which will, of course help to improve the enviromnent of the ancient cypress woods. 5. The project will not bring a distinct influence on the local agricultural production but wiU effect to production and soil qualities a little in the areas not far from the highway. No pollution on productions and soil surroundings. -60 - 4. 2 Relics Scenery and Tourism

4. 2. 1 Historical Relics The historical and cultural relics aiong the route in the section 3. 4. 5. 2, in chapter are 3 important relics r.lated with the Road. They are remains in Raozhouyao kiln Huangdi Mau- soluem conservation zone, remains in Wangsiahe and remains in Tapo.

4. 2. 1. 1 Huangdi Mausoluem conservation Zone The Remains distribution and the proposed highway location is shown in Fig. A. While determining the location scheme of the road near the Conservation Zone, several factors were considered. First it shows the improve mnent of the other traffic condition of HuangLing county. Secondly, it shows Promotion of the local economic construction and cultural tourism which makes it convenient for friends from home and abroad to houour the ancestor, Huangdi. Finally, the El on the zone showed to be reduced to minimun. Through comparison, the bypass route scheme was eventually chosen, which would help to improve the environment protection of the Huangdi Mausoluem. 1. There are no improtant relics along the route, and the highway location has been authorized by Huang Ling office of Shaanxi Province and the Relics Protected agencies concerned. 2. The determination of the route coincide with the "PIanning and Designing pro3ram for Rebuilding Huangdi Mausoluem" jointly approved by the State Relics Brueau, State Construction Brueau and Shaanxi Provincial Governrment. The route will bypass HluangLing county, which will enables vehicles traveling between Northern shaanxi and Guang zhong to bypass the conservation Zone and help improve the environment of Huang Ling. 3. Since the highway location will be far away from the key protection area, noise vibration exhaust from vehicles will not impact the conservation zone. 4. We hereby suggest that the damage to the existing natural vegetation should be reduced to the least possible degree during constrution and that the constrution site should often be sprinkled with water to prevent local TSP from increasing and that, upon the completion of construction, the vegetation on the site should be replanted to the orIginal condition as much as possible to protect the previous scene of Huangling. 5. We suggest that a largescale statue be built at the place where the road will bypass Huangling, and that it be in harmon with the general planning for the Huangdi Mansoluem. 6. We suggest that signs bearing " no whistling' (horns), " strong light" and speed limit should be set up along a section within 2 km of the border district of the Zone, so as to provide a quiet living condition for birds in the Zone and to protect them from being fright- ened.

-61- 4. 2. 1. 2 Remains of Raozhouyao Kiln The existing Yaoxinan-Tongchuan half-cross highway (classl ) passes through the Conservation Zone of Remains of YaoZhouyao kiln, The relics under where the highway passes through have cleared and protected before construction, A YaoZhouYao Museum has been built to protect the cultural heritage of relics. Investigations showed that the existing highway does not have a distinct impact on the relics enrivonment and that only vibrations can be klt owing to the short distance to the relics, however, no signs have been found that the relics have been damaged. In order to reduce the potential damaging influence on the relics while designing, this part of the road will be shifted westward and bypass the relics by going through the highla- nds- Since there are many relics in this area, we suggest that the concerning relics protection units consult a through excavation, clearing and protection to be completed before locating constructing the highway.

4. 2P 1. 3 Wangjiahe Remains Wangjiahe is located in a narrow valley, wing to the topography and the lbnited land, the proposed highway will have to pass through the conservation zone, potentially causing an effect on the remains. Therefore we ;>-ggest that work should be performed according to the procedure stated in clause 21 in the '"Shaanxi Provincial Regulation on Relics Protection". Any large-scale civil constructions or techlogical trans for mations on possib relics-hidden in the area should be approved by the Provincial Relics Admistration and City and Towns Planning Departnent in advance. Any construction units should conduct relics, survey, investigation and excavation with the help of provincial relics administration with in the construction are.

4. 2. 1. 4 Tapo Remains The location of the edge of the road hereJs at the Remains which have already been sepa- rated by the existing Xi-Bao highway and buildings since there are few historical relics. The project will not cause a distinct influence on them.

4. 2. 2 Scenery

4. 2. 2. 1 Alignment of the Road For this route, the minimum horizontal curve radius is 400 m and the maximum cength is 2594 m. Horizontal curves cover 59% of the whole route. There are 120 Longitudinal grade change points. 1. 36 per kilometer on average. The miniimum convex vertical curve radius is 7, 00m and concave 4, 700m, The maximun grade length is 49Gm. The whole alignment is smooth and comfortable. 4. 2. 2. 2 Interchages There are in tota 8 interchanges along the route, 4 on Tong-Hang highway and 4 on the -62- s~- ~~~~ ~~~~~~ / ^ '. 5t 0, k-2 ,,. -s -

Cultural Relic Places at Huangling Rescve and Location of T-H HighwaY existing Yao-Tong half -cross highway. The maximum interval between interchangs is 25. 29 km, while the minimum 4. 13km. The average interval is 12. 7km. This distribution is reso- nable. The Huangling Interchange at edge of the Huangling conservation Zone, is very important because it is a window through which the ancestor liuangdi and to go for sightseeing, Its type and layout are shown at Figure 4-1, from which we canr see that it is a beautiful, trwnpet interchange well matched with the topography. We suggest a large scale statue here, whose style will coincide with the Huangdi Mausoluem Culture and in harmony with the scenery. The cypresses around this area will enable tourists and passers-by to feel the plain and graceful feature of the Huangdi Mausoluem. If one climbs to the top of mount of Qiaoshan, he could easily see the highway and interchange, which would undoubtedly add one more scene to the mausoluem. A Yaoxian interchange lies at either both end of Yaoxian county town. Its style and layout are shown in Figure 4. 2. The two exists of the interchange are linked by a 2. 76 km viaduct which not only make it convenientto drive to and from the town. If one stands at the top of Yiaowang Mountain or Tabo pagoda, he could see the interchange, and the viaduct clearly, The silvery white interchange, standing by Qishui River wil undoubtedly becomean- other scene in Yaoxian town. The Chuankou interchange is the gate to Tongchuan. Its styie and layout are shown in Figure 4. 3. If one stands at the top on a tal building or on the mountains on either side, he could find that the Chuankou interchange looks like a huge decorated archway, showing the achievements and prosperity of the open and reform policy and hospitality of indursurial Tungehuan. The other 5 interchanges match their surroundings well, They are beautifully designed and comfortable for driving, but they will not bring a distinct influencp on scenery or environment, for they are in the valley.

4. 2- 2. 3 Route Scenerv Little crown grass will be planted to protect the sides of the slopes, Evergreen trees wi be planted at the edge of the ditches, and the trees and grass will also be planted in the medi- an- Trees and grass on and by the road will make tourists feel comfortable and relaxed. The largest part of the T-H highway wil be in valleys, with adequate vegetation and streams in both sides. The running streams, and tunnels wil allow drivers to enjoy beauty of nature giving them a sense of poradise. (see Figure 4-4, 4-5)

4. 2. 3 Tourism Spring is a golden season for tourism in Shaanxi. If one starts from Xian and drives along the high plain of the Xian-Sanyuan highway, with endless green wheat fields in sight, he will undoubtedly feel peaefal and relaxed. Accord- - 63- 7'7

Fig. 4-1 Horizontal Layout of -uanglingInterchange

.{ -E . . -i - _ f~~~DjH# ~~ i---. E.

------

-r -- ,,-

Fig. 4- HorizontalF2 Iayout of Yaoxian Interchange

XiaX

Fig. 4-3 Horizonta-1 I-aVu of Chuankou Interchange

- 64- ing to Chinese tradition, tourists wiU bc allowed to cros the highway and enterth l-uangdi M ausoluem directly. They can first at the tomb of then Chinese ancestor see the historic relics and natural scenery around, then turn back to take in the natural border at Jinshuoguan, they will also be able to visit the Yaozhouyao kiln remains, the beautiful Yaowangshan Mountain and the famous stone carvings there. Or they can go on to the north visiting the historic in- trests of Yan 'an. They can visit Yuhuagong Forest Park nearby. The construction of Tong- Huang Highway will join togather the historic remains and scenic spots along the highway and makle tourism easier. Moreover, the natural scenes along both sides of the highway will add interest for the tourists. It will of course make tourism in northern Shaanxi faster and more comfortable.

4. 3 Water Environment

Most streams along the highway are sources of rivers. Since water within this area is scarce, it is rather important to protect the water quality. The Xihe reservoir is the source of drinking water for the local people, it also supplies drinking water and industrial water for the 10 thousand inhabitants of Yijun county town. The highway route will run 19km along the upper reaches of the reservoir. The assessment group has conducted a key analysis of El on the Xihe reservoir. Through tests and investigations, they have learned that the present water quality in the Xihe reservoir satisfies the level of the Class A classification according to the national standard.

4. 3. 1 Prediction of Impact on Water Quality during Service Time According to the feature of rain water pollutants and the number of factors in the environmental quality of surface water, COD,. oil and lead are defermining factors . Because rainfall runoff is the only supplementary source for the reservoir, the water pollution will mainly come from the runoff on the pavement. The pollutant density in rainwater runoff from the pavement during any rain in the re- sevoir from the pavement can be calculated by a completed mnixedpattern. C, = KtSIQIC, + K2S2Q2Co (4.5)

Where: C,-predicted pollution density in the Xihe reservoir; K1IK2-rainfall runoff co-

efficient of road surface and beyond respectively; S1S 2-runoff areas of road surface and beyond respectively; S1S2- runoff areas of road surface and beyond

respectively; Q-rainfall; CIC2 -pollution factor density in the Xihe reservoir and that of the rain on the road surface. The density of pollutants calculated by the formula 4-5 are shown in table 4. 4. Thr- ough a comparison between the result and the environmental water quality standard for Class 3, we learned that neither the COD density nor Pb density will exceed the standard, however, the oil density average will be 5 timneshigher than the standard and its maximut will be

- 66 - 10 times. If we consider the pollutants falling on both sides along the highway from the air. the average density of both COD and Db will be below the Standard. But the maximum will exceed surface water quality standard for class 3. Most of the oil substance on the pavenent and few come from the air above. From table 4. 4. we can see that the pavement will mainly affect the water quality in the reservoir. If the rainfall on the surface is disposed of by means of precitipation (see table 4-4), the oil polDuterswill exceed grade I of the standard for two reseams: 1). the background value of oils in XMheReservoir has already readched the limit; 2) the amount of ois wil be increased. However, it will not be above grade IVstandard in GB3838-88. So precitipation is feasible; no other peasures are needed. table 4-4 Prediction Result of Pollutant Density of Xlhe Reservoir

Average Maximum Env tal Quality Multiple of Multiple of standard Density Exceeding Density Exceeding of runoff the Standard the standard (Cs I)

COD (mg/L S. 7 6. 9 15

Pavrement OH Ing/L) 0. 30 5. 0 0. 55 10. 0 0. 05 Pollution pb (mg/L) 0. 02 0. 03 0. 05

Pollution COD (mg/L) 6. 325 7. 825 0. 21 15 3yof the Arc where the Oil (nig/L) 0. 328 6. 5 0. 605 12.20 0. 05 Highway _

passes pb (mg/L) 0. 0225 0. 045 0. 8 0. 05

after treat- CoD (mg/L) 4. 325 4. 865 15 ment in grit Oils (mg/L) 0. 128 2. 4 0. 205 4. 0 0. 005 catchers Pb (zng/L) 0. 015 0. 019 0. 05

4. 3. 2 Prediltion Analysis of Water El by the Service District. A service district is planned to be built along the T-H highway. It will be located roughly at Shanjiahe (K 141) which is about lkm down stream from the Xile reservoir , or it will be located at the terminus of the highway, at Kangyandi (K164). The waste water from the district at Shanjiahe will flow into the Qinghe River, or the Xmhe river at Kangyandi. Parking places, garages, filling stations and restaurants will be built in the district. The district is supposed to discharge 214 mn of waste water containing 26kg of COD and 6kg of oil substance into the Qinghe river or the Juhe river each day. The annual average volume of the Qinghe is 2. 3 million cubic meters. The volume of both rivers is small and their water surface

- 67 - is narrow. When calculated by the complete mixing Formula 4-5, the sewage from the district will make the COD and ol density in the Qinghe river rise by 0. 4 kg/L and 0. lmg/L respectively, or that in the Juhe river 0. lmg/L and 0. 02/L, if the sewage is allowed to flow directly into either river, Obviously, the Qinghe river will be polluted. Since the Qinghe river is one branch of the drinking water source for some villagers along the highway in Huangling county, its pollution will bring a serious influence on the local people's daily life. We suggest that the sewage from the district be disposed of before being dischargd. The disposed sewage should reach the disposal standard for Class A corresponding with that of the runoff for cls I that is COD will not be higher than 100 mg/L and oil substance will be less than 10mg/ L. In this case the net increases be in COD and oil substance in the water of the Qinghe river wiUlbe 0. 35 mg/L and 0. 034 mg/L respectively. If discharged into the Juhe river, the increase in pollutant density will be much less, which generally will not degrade the water quality. In accordonce with the prediction result, we hereby suggest that the district be built at Kangyadi, because the flow of Juhe river is large. The disposed sewage from the service district wil cause little influence on the local people in the down stream area. Huangling county has been trying to develop some other water sources for the people in the down stream area since the Juhe river has been polluted sewage from the Dian mine the upperstream area, also because the people in down strcm area are basically using tap water as the source of their drinking water.

4. 3. 3 Influence Analysis of Daily Waste During Construction The construction period of Tong-Huang highway is expected to be 3 years. Construction personnel wil live together in different sections. The amount of Waste water from the camps will be rather small, however, its pollutants density will be rather high, because most of the waste is exCrement the content of COD and colon bacillus is high. If it is disposed of properly and discharged directly, the waste will pollute the water environment and cause effect on water down stream. So we suggest that treatment pools be built to dispose of the waste water in construction camps before it is discharged or used for irrigation.

4. 3. 4 Risk Analysis of Water Environment Through investigation and prediction, we have learned that most of the cargoes to be transported along Tong-Huang highway will be coal, natural oil and gas. According to the statistics on Xi-Bao highway, coal trucks make up 62%, oil trucks 11% and liquefiable natural gas make up smaller percentage. However, at present most of the vehicles having accidents in the project area are coal trucks, and large amounts of coal drops onto the pavement from overloaded trucks, causing the pavement and water enviroment to be seriously polluted. U p to now. no large scale oil or chemical leaking accident has ever happened in this area. It is expected that the ratio in the area will be greatly reduced after the completion of the project, but the risk of oil leakage and dangerous goods transportation still exists. Therefore, effective - 68- measures should be taken to prevent them from polluting the water environment within the area.

4. 3. 5 Analysis of Imnpacton Xlhe Reservoir Volume and River Running by the Proj- ect. 1. Rivers There are several rivers like Wajahe River. Banjegou River, Xihe River and Qinghe River parallel to the highway. All of them are seasonable. Due to the topagraphy, parts of the road will run along river banks. Some wil be built on river, or even on river course (at Yihuojing, Tongchuan). The total cut will be 4, 270. 60m', the fill will 6, 339, 718 m and the spoil 1, 107, 326m. in the project. Such large earth work and earth spoil will caused by earth or will rock moLi,g or make the surface earth loose. If not duumpedproperly, the spoil will narrow the river channel and cause mud in the river to increase. 'through a detailed survey by the road design department, an ideal balance program for earthwork and a channel changing design have been worked out at the place where the spoil will be dumped, to ensure the channel capacity. So it is suggested that, during construction, retaining walls at slope toes should be built first before the construction of subgrade. And that channels should be cleared and loose soil stablized before the flash flood season. (from July to September, during the construction period so as to ensure the channel capacity and the reduction of mud.) 2. Xihe Reservice The proposed road will pass on the western bank of the Reservoir 20Omaway from it. In case of Strick administration, it wi not affect its capcity.

4. 3. 6 Summary 1. The Tong-Huang highway, during normal service timne, wil have little impact on the water environment, though it still bears the risk of pollution. 2. The sewage from the service district of the highway will distinctly affect the water enviroment, so it should of before discharge. 3. The highway during construction will distinctly affect the channel capacity- How- ever, this influence will be greatly reduced if management is strengthened and precautionary measures are taken.

4. 4 Acoustic Environment

4. 4. 1 Construction Period The noise during construction wil mainly come from construction vehielesand equipments an equipments. Major equipment and vehicles used for constructior and their noise levels are listed in table 4-5. The level of the stablized Soil Mixer is 84 dB (A) when measured at 30 metres from the source and 90bB(A) when measured at 10 metres. The noise level of moving vehicles is more than 80dB (A) at 7. 5 metre from the source.

-69- sO 2020 e ay

50 2015 ~,F _0d c . 400.

Ki5D KIc120 Centrel Line ° Eighway K140 3+OgID05 10

Di5'-< 0 \20 5Q

.r 50- 40 D 4 Q

SO50-

ligligt

Map Fig. -4-6 Noise Predliction

-70- table 4-5 Noise Level of Major Mechanical Equipment Noe Levels = = dMeaurementLocation (in) 2. 0 5. 0 10 20 40 50 60 Loader 90 84 78 72 68. 4 Paver 87 81 75 69 65. 4

Bulldozer 86 80 74 68 64. 4 Roller 84. 3 83 75 69 63 59. 4 Scraper 80. 2 66. 3 Mixer 93. 1 79. 7

4. 4. 2 Service Time 4. 4. _.. I Prediction Pattern 1. Daytime (6: 00-22: 00) Because of heavy traffic during the daytime, a discontinous linear model is used.

L.qi = LAzi+ 10 N.v + 1019(ro)14 - AS - 13 (4. 6)

Where: Leqi--Hourly equiverlent sound level (dB) of type i vehide flow at calculating point (p) hi - -Average radiative sound level A (dB) tested at reference point (Po) when type i vehicle running at a speed of Vi Ni- -Traffic of type i vehicle T--Testing time T=1 hour ro--Distance between lane and reference point (PO), ro=7. Sm r--Distance between lane and clculating point (P) mn a- -Absorbing factor of ground and its coverings (Additional attenation of noise occurs during broadcasting due to ground absorbing) As - - Noise reduiction caused by objects like excavations, embankments, buildings etc. While broadcasting i--Vehicle type, usually it can be classified into light, middle and heavy. 2. Night (22: 00-6: 00) The traffic at night is light but noise travels farther than that in the daytime. Having proven through testing, the following formula is used for prediction

LXi=_LAi + lOly TV + 151gq( r°) + 101g r )iA-1 As

LAi + 10g NT + (15 + lOa)g rD_ S- 13 (4.7) TV. -7

- 71- The marks in this formula are the same as above. The environmental noise level of the teaion was obtained by adding the traffic noise to the background noise of the area. When calculated, the were determined by factors like speed, coverings. objects, etc.

4. 4. 2. 2 Analysis of Prediction Results On the basis during traffic of different years of service and road types, the predicted yearly environment noise levels along the Tong-Huang highway are shown in Table 4-6. A traffic noise contour of the region isshown in Figure 4-6. The basis on which the figures were drawn is, distance to the ground, 1. 2m, Leq of daytime 70dB, and Leq at night 55dB. We shall summarize the prediction as follows:

Prediction Result of Environmental table 4-6a Level in Assessment Area Unit- dB (A) 20 ~~~40 60 80 lea 150 Route | Year-D-OArea : Day Night Daly IIgt Day Night Day Ighl Day N1gh Day Nighi

1. 2 7. 54. 867. 154.1 66.9 53.5 66.1 53.0 65.7 52.8 65.0 52.5

2005 4.2 69.4 55.4 69.9 56.4 69.5 55. 6 68.6 54.7 57.7 54.2 57.6 53.6

R(94+60 Chuankou 7.2 69.3 55.4 69.9 56.4 69.5 S5. 68.6 54.1 67.7 54.2 67.6 53.6 -1K97 Guojaihuang 1.2 69.8 56.7 69.7 55.7 68.9 54.7 67.8 53.9 66.9 53.4 65.9 52.8

2020 4.2 73.0 60.1 63.4 58.2 72.0 58.071.5156.8 70.8 55.4 69.2 55.0

7.2 73.0 66.0 73.4 58 2 72.0 58.0 71.5 56.3 70.8 55.4 69.2 55.0

3.0 58.8 49.160.0 49.2 61.7 49.5 61.9 49.3 60.G 48 9 58.7 48 2

2005 5.0 66.2 54.0 60.0 49.2 61.5 49.5 61.7 49.2 60.2 48 9 58.5 4& 6

Wangipbe 10 65.2 53.6 61.8 49.6 61.4 49.4 61.1 48.7 60.8 48 4 58.6 48 5

}0V-- _ 15 64.5 52.1 50L7 48.8 61.2 49.3 61.1 48.6 60.7 48.4 58.6 4a I

mlncal *3.0 61.8 50.5 63.4 50.7 G5.0 51.2 65.3 51.0 64.1 50.1 61.7 48.9 Burcau 50 70.7 58.6 66;3 53.4 65.6 SI.3 65.0 51.7 64.0 50.3 61.3 48.6

10 69.8 57.2 66.0 52.5 65.5 51.2 63.9 51.6 64.3 51.3 61.2 4aL7

15 69.2 56.3 65.7 52.1 65.4 51.1 63.9 51.6 64.3 50.3 61.2 48.7

-72- table 4- 6b

r 20 40 60 80 100 IS0 Route Ara Year stake H rDay NMghtDay ight Day N1gb: Day 1ght Day Might Day Igit

1.2 67.7 54.9 65.9 5L 1 63.8 50.6 62.1 49.4 60.8 48.9 58.7 2005 4.2 48.2 68.8 56.9 8. 1 55.3 67.0 53.0 52.4 65.851.2 64.0 49.7 WangJab. 7.2 68.7 56.8 68. 55.3 67.0 53.0 66.7 52.4 65.8 51.2 64.0 49.7 1102- minI K 120 1.2 71.9 57.9 69. 4 55. 0 67.2 52.7 65.4 51.1 64.1 50.1 61.7 48.9 Banjegan . _ … 2020 4.2 78 0 61. 1 73.0 59.6 71.2 56.9 70.8 56.1 56.1 70.0 54.6 68L3 7.2 73.0 61.0 73.0 59.6 71.2 56.9 70.8 56.1 70.0 54.6 68.3 51.7

R120- Baujgu 2005 1.2 67.4 54.8 65. 5 I1. 0 63.3 48.7 61.4 47.2 60.1 46.2 57.7 44.9 K140 Yijun 2020 1.2 71.0 57.56 69.2 54.3 67.0 51.8 65.2 49.4 63.81 48.3 61.2 46.3

X 120- Yljun - 2005 1.2 66.8 53.2 64.9 49.9 62.7 47.0 60.9 44.7 59.5 43.1 56.9 40.5 K163 Sanbekou, _ _ _ - Huangllng 2020 1.2 70.4 56.8 68.6 53.4 66.4 50.4 64.5 4.L6 63.1 46.3 60.5 43.2

K163- Sanndcou 2005 1.2 63.0 54.2 66.1 50.1 63.9 48.2 66.4 50.6 60.7 44.3 58.2 41.7 KI6S Kaeyandl 2020 1. 2 71.6 S. o 69. 8 54.6 67.6 51.6 65.7 49.1 64.3 47.5 61.7.

K74- Yineian 2005 L2 71.6 60.0 70.2 57.3 68.7 55.5 67.5 54.4 66.8 53.7 65.8

K92 Ihuankau 2020 12 73.2 61.6 71.7 58.7 70.0 56.6 68.7 55.1 67.8 54.3 56.5 .

Notc: 1. r-Disutance fromnprcdltn to point central line of bighway (in) H-Prediction point hebgt (n) 2. - Indicates that predictionpoint Is Lower than pavcment

1. The environmental noise level at Wangjiahe, Chuankou area and the Mineral Bureau along the road will exceed the standard by a small degree only in the year 2020 during the service time. Thus, the proposed highway will not bring a distinct imnpacton the environment sound quality in the area, Chuankou to the Mineral Bureau, but a little to the teaching environment. 2. As for the river valley (gully section from the Mineral, Wangiahe to Sanhegou, Huangling), the proposed highway will not seriously affect the sound environment quality in the above area before the year 2020. But, comparing with the local present sound environment, the quality will be worsened. After the year 2020, the highway wiMlgreatly affect the quality especially at night, and will also affect the teaching activity to a large degree. 3. Because of heavey traffic and accompaniment with the national highway NO. 210 the section from Yao,.ian to Chuankou will be above the standard slightly. Schools will be affected.

-73- 4. Owing to the wail reflection, the sound field inside the tunnels will mainly consist of the sound directly from running vehicles and the sound reflected off tunnel walls. There will be fewer maintenance workers in tunnels. According to (Noise Sanitary Standard for Indus- trial Enterprises) of our country, the noise level in the working enviromnent should be less than 90 dB (A). An adjustment of working hours can protect these workers from being affected by the noise inside the tunnel.

4. 4. 3 Summary 1. The proposed highway will not have a distinct impact on the sound environment quality along the route in the middle part (2005) of its service time. Only in ChuanKou, TongChuan will the level exceed the standard by a slignt degree. 2. The highway will have an impact on the sound environment quality along the route in the late period of its servicc time (2020). Its impact in Chuankou, Tongehuan will be serious. 3. Necessary measures should be taken because the residents near the construcvtion site are affected by the noise.

4. 5 Atmosphere

4. 5. 1 Construction Period T he atmosphere environmental pollution during construction is minly temporary dust and bituminous smoke pollutions. those mainly consist of (1) floating dusts caused by transportation vehicles and construction equipment (2) powdery dust produced by lime mixing. Bi- tuminous pollution comes from the niixing and bitumen expressing. Analogical analysis was conducted on the construction site. The TSP 150m away from the mixing station in the material yard wll reach the GB309$-82 standard for class 2 during construction. The TSP 50m away from road edges wiUlalso reach the standard for class 2 when road mLxing is used. The floating dust pollution caused by transportation vehicles wil still exist within 30m from the road edges. However it will considerablely decrease when water is sprinkled during consturction. thus, GB3095-82 standard for class 2 be satisfied 30m from the road edges. To decrease the impact from the bitumous smoke, the bit-umen boiling and mixing will be limited inside the mixing stations, which only can be situated at leeward, BOOmfrom residential quarters or in isolated velleys.

4. 5. 2 Service Period 4. 5. 2. 1 Prediction Pattern 1. Gosse pattern was used to predict exhaust pollution:

2 2 C(z Y) L * ez Y + H )]dl + C, (4. 8)

- 74 _ Where: C (x, y) -- pollutant concentration at point (x, y) under-wind sides along the highway (mg/rn 3) q---Source Strength of highway linear source (mg/m * s) q.dl--The discharge strength of length dl of line-source (mg/a) ph--Wind speed at the effective give-off height, (m/s) a,,, at--Atmospheric spreading variances in corrected horizontal direction and vertical direction (mn) L--The length of line-source; Cm) H--The efficient discharge height of line-source; Cm) CB--Backround densing of pollutant (mg/mr) The density at any point can be calculated by interpolation according to vertical situation and paralle situation considering such factors as wind direction and its angle to the highway. 2. In tunnels. pollutants from exhaust will immediately mix uip whole cross-section at discharge place without chemical reactions. Then , the following formula is used to predict pollutant density in tunnels:

U (x ) dx = q,-XKC(x )-a[C(x) -C&] (4.9)

Where: Cb--Pollutant density in air ventilated into tunnels (mg/mna) K -- Deposit coeffecient of pollutant on tunnel surface - U (x) =Uo+dx--Ventllation speed insidethetunnel U o- -Speed of air imputing from tunnel terminals a--Mechanical ventilation factor. 3. At Tunnel Terminals

c Cx) = (- )--xp- (----) +CI) (4. 10) aK UhtWoj 2o.2 Wheret W- -Average width of valley (m) Cl--density of pollutant outside tunnel terminals. (mg/m') q--Source strenght of pollutanth at tunnel terminals; All parameters are cautiously selected and necessarily modified according to factors such as local topography, meteorology, road structures etc.

4. 5. 2. 2 Prediction Factor THCOH air pollution desity prediction and calulation factors can be seen below,

-75- Table A

Value Source Wind Direction Windspeed Air stability Backgound

daily daily Directions Average Value stability 5 days average average Winter in Winter in winter average prevailing wind wind direction receuved prediction v D tp 5-day value in Average orevudubg in average average in days wubdi maximnum inversion value once valuc prevailing wind received pre- . vailinB wind amaximum value vailingwind dirctnE-F p in daily Average forecast value in average The ventilation design of each tunnel is as follous table B Tunnel Ventiation Design

Imechnica ventilation urder name wind-bluwcr trpc number remanrks quantitym

I Tangshumo TAS9-3-2-l lp:.24 420 downal10 175 ZUp t Zoon142Z45 Asha T A S9 3-2-I tunnel conenntrntion 2 Zbongjuan TAS-3-2- dwn:32 570 ir than 150ppm

3 Soungzhuan- TAS9-3-2-1 up:lC 175 gliang __ _ downs23 490 l

4. 5. 2. 3 Prediction Results and Analysis The pollutants densitiese calculated based on topography, meteorology; traffic and road structures, selecting the typical cross-section, are shown in Tab. 4-7. The pollutant densiti- es beside tunnel terminals are shown in tab- 4-8. The following conclusion can be made on the basis of the prediction result. ( 1) Both the one-test density and the daily average density of carbonmon cide from the beginning of the service to the year 2020 wil reach GB30SS-82 Standard for class 2 (10. Omg/rn3 and 4. 0 mg/m 3 ). When adverse weather occurs in the Tongchuan area, the one-test carbonoxide density in the air will exceed the Standard by about 0. 3 times. (2) The daily average density of nitrogen oxide along the route will be below the class 2 criterion by GB3095-82 (0. lOmg/m 3 ). The one-test value of other areas will exceed the standard with a maximum multiple of 0. 73. after the year 2020 The nitrogen oxide will areatly exceed the standard by 3. 73 times when adverse weather occurs in the Tongehuan area- (3) In tunnels, the carbon monoxide density will be less than 84. 5mg/m 3 and the nitrogen oxide less than 7- 8mg/rn 3 because ventilation will be adopted. It will be lower than the maximum concentration of tunnel design (CO=16Smg/m 3 ), and have little impact on the

- 76 - maintaining staff and will not have an impact on drivers - health because they stay in tunnels less than 5 minutes. (4) The pollutant density at tunnel terminals will be higher. The density of pollutants in the atmosphere at 30 0m from the tunnel terminals will basically satisfy the state standard. The investigation has found that there are not any people living within SOOn from the tunnel terminals. Prediction Result of Pollutant Density in table 4-7 Atmosphere with in the Assessment Area Unit: mg/m 3 Prediction flulilit DalyAverge Density Max. One-test Density

Cross-sec Area - _ tihn rem r Cm) 0 50 100 150 200 0 50 100 150 200 Co 3.11 3.09 3. 08 3. 08 3. 08 4.76 4.78 4.78 4.76 4.74

C95 2 NO1 0. 05 0.05 0. 05 -0. 05 0. 05 0. 08 0.08 0. 08 0.07 0.07 co 3.17 3.12 3.10 3.09 3.09 4.91 5.03 5.01 4.96 4.92 Guojazhuang 2020_. _ .G u _NO,20 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.11 .10 090 0.90 Wangjiahe 2005 Co 3.26 3.25 3.24 3.24 3.24 4.48 4.19 4.08 4.03 3.99

K98 - NO. 0. 02 0.2 0. 02 0.02 0. 02 0.10 0.06 0.05.0.04 0.04 Tongehuan CO 3. 31 3.27 3.26 3.25 3.25 5.51 4.74 4.46 4.31 4.22 2020.__ mine NO 0. 03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.21 0.13 0.09 0.07 0.07 CO 2.86 2.79 2.76 2.75 2.74 4.22 3.84 3.73 3.67 3.64 The minel1 2005 …………….- K 101 NO, 0.02 0.02 0.02 0. 02 0.01 0.10 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 co 3.08 2.89 2.83 2.80 2.79 5.39 4.41 4.41 3.96 3.87 Banjiegciu 2020 _… NO, 0. 05 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.23 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.06 CO 2.83 2.77 2.76 2.75 2.74 4.24 3. 8S 3. 74 3.68 3.64 anjiegoNO, 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.0210.01 0.10 0.0610.05 0.04 0.03

Sanhekou 2020 CO 3.04 2. 37 2.82 2.79 2.78 5.56 4.49 4.16 4.00 3.90 Sanhekou 2020 .- ______NO. L.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.10 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 CO 3.70 3.65 3.63 3.62 3.62 5.46 5.15 5.04 5.00 4.97 Sanbekou 2005__.

K163 __Sk2 NO, 0. 06 0.05 0.05 0. 05 D. 05 0.15 0.11 0.10 0. 09 0.09 K 163 CO 3.86 3.72 3.68 3.66 3.65 6.51 5.60 5.38 5.25 5.17 Kangyandi 2020 NO, 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.26 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.11 Y.nexian 2005 CO 2.96 2.92 2.89 2.88 2.88 6.65 6.70 6.68 6.65 6.61 Yiaoxian 2005 - _- - K174 NO. 0.06 0.05 Q005 0. 05 0. 04 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.10 D. 0 Niyangbu 2020 CO 3.30 2.93 2.91 2.90 2.89 6.75 6.82 6.79 6.72 6.65 Niyangbu 2020 - _- ______NO. 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.0510. 05 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.10 CO 3.03 3.01 3.00 2.99 2. 98 6.98 6.89 6.75 6.68 6.63 N87 NO, 0. 07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.1B 0.14 0.12 0.10 D. 0 ChuaKkou 2020 CO &12 3.08 3.05 3.02 3.00 7.18 4.02 6.90 6.78 6.69 Chuankou 2020…… _- - NO, 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.20 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.11 Note: r-The distance prediction point to road edge (m)..

- 77 - table 4-8 Atmospheric Pollutant Density at TwunneTerminals

Distance away from Terminas Pollutants r 25 50 100 200 300 S00 CO (mg /m') 9. 38 7. 59 5. 82 41. 62 4. 16 3. 77 NO. 0. 48 0. 47 0. 30 0. 19 0. 15 0. 11

4. 5. 3 Summary 1. The main atnmosphericpollution during construction win be dust which is only temporary pollution . The dust pollution can be considerablely reduced if necessary measures are taken during construction. 2. The pollutants density wM increase slightly but winl not cause greater pollution problems during the service time. The nitrogen oxide from exhaust will seriously impact the environment-

4. 6 Social Economy

4. 6. 1 Population and Employment At present, there is a population of 11900 within the assessment area. The population density of the subarea from Wangjiahe to the mine is S81person/km t the subarea from Zhou- jahe (K1I03) to Kangyandi 78 person/kmt. The high concentration of is along rivers or mnountainvalleys. The proposed, Tong-Huang highway wil impact the population distnbution because the design unit tried best to make the route bypass the residential quarters and vinnes while locating, The removal work for this project, especially of houses, will be rather small. The population of each rural district along the route will change little except for the mobile construction population because all the removal households will be locally settled. Parts of rural population will be moved into towns or engaged in the third industry after the completion of the highway because there will be few flat fields left for cultivation. By the local topography and the service analysis of the closed highway, shops will appear and the population will increase in the interchange areas- However, the population distribution will hardly change due to the linitation of many factors.

4. 6. 2 Economic Characteristics and Industrial Structure The project wil provide the Diantou Mine and the Jiaopong Mine with they highway road as transportation line. This will greatly improve the two mines- production and, wil help to further develop the loceral mninalresources and make use of local resources. The dcve- lopment and utilization of local resources wil cause rural population to shift into industries or areas.

-78- The future highway wiU greatly shorten by five times the travel time from Huangling or Yan an to Xian and will therefore, make tourism easier and make convenient. The development of tourism will be helpful to urban employment and the shift of rural population. Upon the completion of this new highway, part of the local population will move to mines, tourism sevices, shops and transportation.

4. 6. 3 Local Industry and Agriculture The GNP of local industry and agriculture in 1992 was 1540 million yuan. According to the the provincial developing strategy: "Emphatically develop Guanzhong while actively developing Northevn Shaanxi and Southevn Shaanxi.", the GNP is supposed to reach 10, 060 million yuan in the year 2000. The project will begin in 1996 and will be completed in 1998. This will help to develop the local mineral resources and tourism and will therefore improve the local investment environment. The project will guarantee the completion of other projects in time and wil lay a solid foundation for the further development for the national eco-- fny within the project area. The local fruit production such as apples, dates and walnuts etc. plays an important part in the agriculture of the project area. At present, most of the fruits are sold to south China. Upon the completion of the project, the fruits produced in the Northen Shaanxi area can be transported by use of the highways without being limited by railway, which wil increase the famers - income. In short, the Tong-Huang highway will greatly encourage the industrial and agricultural development of the project area.

4. 6. 4 Traffic Transportation The Tong-Huang section the of existing National Highway 210 CXi-Bao highway ) is 97 kilometers long. In it, the mileage of the second-class paved highway is 24. 83km taking 25. 6% and the third class paved highway is 72. 17km taking 74%. The section in front of houses takes 30%. In 1992, the AADT on the Tongchuan-Yujun section and on Yu-junHuangl- ing section were 5306veh/d and 3. 106veh/d and the traffic density 2. 65veh/km and 1. 55veh/km. The AADT greatly exceeded the design capacity of the road. There have been many porblems such as too many grade intersections, vehicles mixing, and a high a=cident ratio Statistics show that the serious or medium accidents on the existing Tong-Huang highway in 1992 was as many as 269 with 34 fatality, 75 wounded and direct eFonomic loss of 0. 817 million yuan. Therefore, the completion of this project will geatly improve the status quo of highway transportation. As a result, the number of traffic accidents wil decrease and the vehicle runrning speed will increase, and finally, the service level of the highways will be rise considerablely rise. In this area the task of the existing milway is mainly mine transportation to the south. Due to the limted transportation capacity of Longhai railway network, the railway is affected. Upon its completion highway will help reliveve release the railway transportation situation. - 79 - However, the benifit will not be obvious beacause of the ideal transportation of the highway. The highway upon completion will join the existing road network within the area, and bring distinct influence on the local transportation. The present condition of the local network and possible influnence are listed in table 4-9.

Present Situation of the Road Network and table 4-9 the Impact Analsis of THCOH

Connecting Roads Interchange Location Road and Impact Analysis

The Xi-Tong classi-one was put to use in oct, 1992,At present,Yao-Tong half-cross XI-Toung highway highway is in service, ruaning twoways. It is (Xian-Toun higehuay)Chuaku planned to build another half sinultaneously TXugn-uonchUran) Conghuank with the future Tong - Huang Highway. Taugehuan Urban Tongehuan This will fuly take advantages of the high - class highway. It will help vehicles come in and go out of the highway and connect with the urban streets of Tongchuan city.

It is a provincial road with the technical grade Tong-Zhcng Road 4. The road length in the assessment area is CTongchuan- Jinsoguan 25. 4km. It is nearer to the Jiaoping mine Zhengning, Gansu) than to the national trunk 210. Coal trucks can hypass the Tongchuang urban area.

It is a seconfl-class road with a length of 6km. It will onnect the future Tong -Huang Yijun Linking Yiyun highway with Yijun county. It is expected Route that vehicles on it will be mainly entering Yij- un town because vehicles coming out from Yiyun county wil enter road No. 210.

It is a provincial road with a total length of 722km. It goes to Zhengzi by way of Dian- tou. On this road there are 27km of third - Huang-Zhcn class oil surface road (Huangling - Diantou) and 45. 2 km of fourth-dacs gravel road Road (Huangling Kangyandi mainly used for transportation of goods for -Diantou) Dianton mine. It will stretch from here to Yanan. This will benefit th: environmental protection for Huanling because the future highclass highway will become a through line.

4. 6. 5 Land Requisition The future Tong-Huang highway will total length of 71. 32km and will cover 5,7456 mu

-80 - of land which contains 2, 4358 mu of farm land. The finished half-cross Yao-Tong highway is 18. 35 km long and cover 446. 23 mu of land which contains 246 mu of farm land. The highway land requisition are seen in table 4-10.

table 4-10 Land Occupied in Construction of Highway

Land Taking up (mu) stake No. Atca Dry Irriation Workable house HM River Forest Remarks land Land Land land Death Land

X73+937 Yaoxlan 139. 5 Yao-T9ng ______- - - - ~~~~~~~~~~~Half-Cron Highway 385- Tongchuan 1. 0 60. 5 100 192+202 Urban A

K93+900 _ Tongchuan 14. 0 332. 8 236 46 706. 26 52. 50 261

1127+000 UrbanA

K127+00 -KI60 YTjun 1003. 0 725. 0 50. 2 1049. 4 104. 6 725. 0 The

______~~~~~~Tong-Huang dam-one

K160+1520 Huanglg 351. 0 29. 0 56. 0 80. 0 39 Highway

Total 1378 1303. 3 60 415. 6 1811. 7 237. 1 986

Supposing that the farm lands take half and the woods take another half of the hills and the river banks, the project wil take 2,285 mu of cultivaion fields and 1,022. 8 mu of woods. According to a producation of 0. 187 ton of wheat per mu, one ton of wheat can earn 959. 7 Yuan. and the annual grain loss will be 427 tons and the annual economic loss will be 0. 481 nilion yuan. Trees (area of 1025 mu) along the highway are annually man-planted locust, bushes and elms. The annual loss of greenplantation will be 3, 575. 8 tons if calculated by tree generation. Because the farm land along the highway will greatly decrease, part of the agricultural population will promote service industry, which will change slightly. For the earth-borrow area, the soil from hills and wasteland will become useful fields after excavation; This project will borrow 1, 004, 169m3 of earth. About 188 mu of flat fields wiR appear asaresult of cutting down to the depth of 8m. These flat fields will have a beter -81- prospect of use.

4. 6. 6 Removal and Resettlement As the highway will bypass towns as much as possible, it wil still cause some removal problems. It is compiled that there will be removal quantities of 16, 8 00mn, among them, 14, 2OOm2 of houses, 2, 600m2 of cave residences, totalling 135 households. The migrating population wiMbe about 573. Among them, 350 people who have smaU incomes, 223 have none. Meanwhile, some of them will not be able use the contract land. The construction unit wil set up a special requisition and removal office to organize the resettlement plan as well as an execution time table (see table 2-5). The plan will foflow a principle of overall planning and arrangement. The removal households will be compensated in time according to the concerning provincial files on requisition and removal. The resettling principle will be taken locally. In order to guarantee the residents against loss, the assessment group has investigated 10 removal households. Two of them were unwilling to remove due to their good houses and length of time at that location. Three of them were willing to remove because of their poor quality houses. Six of them were willing to remove for the sake of the national construction policy. The removal households were willing to be resettled in their villages. Only 5% of the investigated households were willing to be resettled in other villages. The removal households expected to be resettled in their villages. Only 5% of the investigated households were wflling to be resettled in another village. The removal households expected to be better compensated. - According to the investigation result, the removal and resettlement plan is basically proper and feasible. The problem of removal and resettlenent wll be resolved through the joint effort of the construction unit and the local government.

4. 6. 7 Impacts on City Planning along the Highway When locating this highway, we have consulted the Tongehuan Municipal Government, the Yan'an Municipal Government, the Government of Yaoxian county. Yijim County and Huangling county in order to be in accord with the local development planning.

4. 7 Life Quality

4. 7. 1 Living Environment

4. 7. 1. 1 Analysis of Impacts on Environmental Quality in The Sensitive Areas along the Route Service Period: 1. Environment of residential quarters The environmental situations of residential quarters along this route obtained from the prediction result of enviromental impact and the relation between the route and residential -82- quarters are seen in table 4-11. It can be seen that the sound environmental quality of the residential quarters (maximum: 73. 5dB) will exceed the standard slightly in the daytime. At night, the sound level in many areas (maximum: 61. 5dB in 2020) will exeed the standard, but not excessively. The areas between Tongohuan and Yaoxian, the sound level, beside the road will considerably exceed the standard. Therefore measures must be taken against noise. The atmospheric enviroment of residential quarters will basicaly be in accord with class-2 level of GB3095-82. This project has little impact on the water quality where there is running water, but it will have some impact on rivers and streams in some villages. It is suggested that wells be dug to guarantee the quality of drinking water. 2. The Environmental Prediction for Schools and Hospitals in the Appraisal Area The environmental quality prediction of schools and hospitals is seen in table 4-12. The following conclusions can be made according to the table: (1) The backround noise in 9 of the eleven schools wiJ exceed the standard (Lcq=60dB in daytime and Leq=50dB at night). The backround noise in all of the eleven schools will exceed the standard of cultural and educa- tional districts to the teachers and the students of the schools, especially in Wangjahe middle school and Yichi middle school in the assessmental area. In 2020, 10 schools will be overstan- dard for the enivironmental noise (2) The planned highway will have little impact on the atmospheric environment of schools and hospitals. (3) The planned highiway will have some impact on the drinking water in schools in the mountainous areas but this problem can be resolved with environmental protection facilities. 3. The environmental investigation and analysis of the sensitive spots for the newly built half-cross YaoTong Highway which was put into use a year ago, is based on the investigation and analysis. The conclusion has been made as follows: (1) Traffic jams disappeared and civfl crowds decreased at the Yaoxian, Huanbao, and Chuankou sections of the National Road NO. 210 after the half-cross Yao -Tong Highway opened; (2) The local trade has been considerably encouraged because it takes only one hour to go to Xian city for purchasing and makes a return trip in a single day possible by using the first- class highway. (3) The local investiment environment has been improved and the industrial production has been encouraged; (4) The goverrnments of counties and rural districts supported the construction of the YTHCH and helped in the work of removal and resettlement; (5) The atmospheric environment along the old road got much better than in 1988 (including sections parallel to the National Road No. 210) beause there are no longer any traffic jams. The residents along the half-cross highway pay no much attention to the traffic noise, as they have become accustomed to the serious noise of the National Road No 210. (6) The Yichi Middle School of Tongehuan is located at the newly built section (K85+ 800). The road section is 1Dm away from the four-storey teaching building, 10n away from 83 - the road. The noise is serious because of the acceleration effect of vehicles. The noise in the classrooms on the 2- 4 floors is as high as 58dB. greatly interfering with teaching activities. So it is suggested that the teaching building be reformed by setting up a closed anti-noise corridor. Construction Period: The construction will have some impact on the traffic, the living environment and the safety of residents. If measures are taken, the impact wiU be decreased to a minimum.

4. 7. 1. 2 People's Contact The fully-closed highway will mnakethe communications inconvenient for the people living on both sides. There wil be 3grade separation, 7 interchanges, 46 passages, 17 overpass- es. There is one pass every 0. 98km on the average along the Tong-Huang highway which are 71. 32km long. On the whole the passes can meat the demand for contact and cultivation.

4. 7. 2 The Public Health Most of the builders are under the age of 45. They are strong and healthy with no infec- live diseases. No endemic diseases have been found at present. The builders' health will not be influenced as long as they pay attention to the drinking water and food. In a word, the health of people living beside the proposed highway will only be impacteedduring slightly construction.

4. 8 . Engineering Analysis 4. 8. 1 Analysis of Impact on Traffic Environment along The Route Carriage of large quanitities of materials needed for the construction will make the existing road traffic heavier. So the traffic conditions will change greatly. The construction unit has already worked out a detailed construction organization plan to ensure that the existing road will remain will remain unblocked. The National Road No. 210 is the main north-south artery in the area. The materials from outside will mainly be transported on this road. as long as the construction transportation is not done during the peak hours. There wil be no jams on the roads which will intersect with the planned highway, if trail roads are built in advance . It is seen that the construction will not considerably impact the existing traffic in this area. The traffic on Road No. 210 wIll decrease to great extent after the new highway opens. The traffic congestion and jarn on Road No. 210 will disappear and the impact of vehicle noises and exhaust on residents along Road No. 210 will decrease, producing a better environment.

4. 8. 2 Analysis of Impact on Utilities along The Route The project construction will interfere with the utilities along the route, but the utilties will be fully lestored once the project is completed. There are 10. 26km of cable and 57 poles to be demolished for the new road. According - 84 - to the practice in China, the construction unit and the design unit should first consult with the power department. When the demolition is unavoidable, replacenent should be made in order not to interfere with the use of utilities. The future highway will meet with the drainage pipes at Huangbao, Wangjahe and beside the Xihe Reservoir, So It is suggested that these pipes be avoided and If necessary pass over them. The local water works must be infromed if there is an emnergency. If necessary, the construction unit can consult with the local water works for removing the pipes. Based on the local topography, the project construction will impact the local water drainage and supply- to some extent.

4. 8. 3 Analysis of impact on local Hydraulic Facilities and Floodoontrol The rainfall in the project area is mainly July-Sep. , accounting for 55% of the annual rainfall. The daily maximum fainfall is between 84. 5mm (Yijun) and 285. 9mm (at Huangi- ing). To meet the flood control criterion for bridges, culverts and hydraulic facilities as set by "The Possible Maximum Storms Collection of Shaanxi Province", (compiled by the provincial hydraulic department published in Aug, 1987), for the future highway, the average max- irnun design rainfall in 24 hours is HZ4=60mm. The absolute maximum rainall in 24 hours is 360mm. All these data meet the anti-flood design. The flood discharging capacity along the route will not be affected much because there will be 216 culverts, 77 bridges which total l3380m long, interchanges and passes which can drain the run off. There will also be a flood discharge facility every 210m. The designers have worked out the river course changing program to solve the problem. The flood discharge capacity of rivers will not be irnpacted if the course changE engineering are completed before the construction and the oourse are dredged river course oocupation.

4. 8. 4 Geology, Seism and Vibration The danger of slide or coULapseexists in the corridor through which the future highway will pass. It is known from the prediction and the analysis above that the project's impact on the local geological environment will be decreased as long as proper protecting measures and better construction methods are taken. The earthquake control design has been used for all bridges, culverts, subgrades etc. along the future highway. Considering the local earthquake intensity, it is thought that there wil be little earthquake danger. From the experience of other high-class highways. It is thought that the background vibration on either side of the highway wil not exceed the criterion during service. The vibration will not impact the residents beside the highway. The vibration from blast and driving piles can not be neglected. It is suggested that machinery be useedin excavating and measures be taken to prevent the people in buildings or on hills within 5Om away from being hurt.

4. 9 The Venture Analysis of Dangerous Goods Transportation -85- According to inverstigation and prediction, the goods on the future highway will mainly consist of coal, crude oU and gas. There wil not be many dangerous chemical goods. Since the dangerous goods can cause potentiolly sudden sevious accidents, some measures should be taken to prevent them from happening. The following measures are suggesteds 1. Movable monitoring vehicles are adopted to limlt the speed of vehicles; 2. Complete traffic engineering systems and warnings for drivers on special sections; 3. Fixed specified signs on vehicles transporting dangerous goods and prohibiting them from running in rainy, snowy, foggy, or freezing weather; 4. Organize a well-trained team to handle accidents such as leaking chemical substances leaking; S. Carry out declaration system for vehicles transpoting dangerous goods. These vehicles can not run on the road without the permission of the administration departments. These vehicles should be monitored atall tines. In a word, the highway management level and the accidents handling ability will be directly relating to the impact range and degree of venture. It is suggested that necessary protecting facilities on such special sections be established, such as those beside water source to increase the anti-venture ability. To sum up, the venture of dangerous goods accidents on the future highway wil be small since the chemical goods quantity to be transported is not great.

4. 10 Environmental Impact Analysis on Linking Route

1. Yijun Connecting line There are three roads with which the proposed highway is connected. (see table C) Connecting Lig of H-T Highway table C No. where from mileage | class brief account

Shanjiahe - For the traffic between Yijun-Huangling. Land ocu-

1 YiJu 210, 3km II pied2 243. lmiu (mainly wasteland).; demolition 2 ( Ya3injin 52. m2; cut: 434, 50Om3, spoil: 284, lOOm3 LThne)

Winjiahe - Rebuilding project, connecting natural road 210 with Balidian 2 B idinh 5. lkm 1 H-T Highway at Yijun. Land occupied2 waste, no ( Q inlgjiahc demoltion. line) 8B- Connecting Lings of H-T Highway Table C

No. where from mileage I class brief account

Now projoct, sararting ftroni Sanhekou. T - H Shanhekou- highway through tunnell 350, to Zhanzhbl(Huangd- 3 Zhanghal 1 2km an Highway),Land occupled38. 6 including 16. 8 Huangling mu ofwaste land, 21. 8 mu of dry land; demolition, Line 936 m2, cuts 9, 200 m3 includingcut for tunnel, 3700mE, spoUt 5OOm3S

The Yijun interchange will be set up at K138. A 6. 3 kilometer second-class road will be built to connect the new highway with Yijun Town. It is known through the survey that it is convenient for vehicles to travel up to the north or down to south from Yijun by using to use the National Road No. 210 since it passes through Yijun. Most of the vehicles on linking route will be those from the outside to Yijun town, so the traffic will be light. In addition, because there are plentiful plants along the iadking route, the construction of the linking route will not impact the residents much. The elevation of Yijun Town is about 20 0m higher than that of the mainline. The average slope of the linking route is about 3. 3Byand the curvature is steeper. The traffic accidents may occur here because the vehicles need deceleration when entering the lbiking route from the main line with a design speed of 60km/h and also because the cruvature is steep. It is suggested to set up a deceleration sign at lkm in front of the imterchange for the vehicles entering YiJun town. Meanwhile, the length of ramps should be lengthened causing vehicles slow down to slow a proper speed before entering the linking route in order to prevent traffic accidents. 1. Yijun Line Since the land ocupied for Yijun Line (243mn) is alom ost of waste land, it won't have any effect on africulture production. Passing through one village, it will make six six housholds be removed, and resettlement will be solved byl the project authority. During construction of Yijun line, there will be much cut and spoik. The spoil will be disposed of at the spoil spsosts nearby causing little effect on the environment. But dust resulting from material trnsport will have some effect on village; sprarying water will help Ito reduce it. 2. Qinjiahe Line No households live along the route, and land occupied is waste land, so almost no effect on environmlnet. 3. Huangling Line

-87- This line is planned to pass through Laohuweiba Remins of Xia-Shang periods. Although it has not been listed as of protection level, the line can pass thorough the remains unless some protection measures are traken according to ArchaeologicalTnsrsltute. This area belongs to Huangline Tmb Reserve ,according to which the line can pass under the remins through a tunnel. During construction, the transport dust will give rise to unfavourableeffect on Zbangzhai Village - the terminal. Some measures will be taken to lighten it. Spoil will not affect the environment much when it is disposed of properly nearby. During service period when the traffic Is heavy in the course of tourist seasons, all vehicles accounted, in 2020, the noise will be estimated as 71. 6 dB at daytime, 58dB at night, CO concentration: 3. 70mg/m3, NOx: 0. 06 mg/m3, which basicallyLi in accord withthe assessment standard. To sum up, HlongtongLine wiSlplay a role of igh-class highway, not doing a serious harm Ito the surroundings.

4. 11 Interchange Environment Impact Analysis

4. 11. 1 Interchange Traffic Volume There are b interchanges on THCOH, locations and traffics (veh. 1 day) can be seen in Fig. 4-7.

Xian - - Huanglin -

23| a .4889 j

+ 1 ~~~~~146-"874 197 r11 151lr- 663J

14A0 171 199g 1340 2476A45 K74+120 K82+528 K94+317 K114+315 K138+180 K163+475

Taixian Huangbu Chuangkou Jinsuo Yijun Huangling Tntercharge Interchange Interchange Interchange Interchange Interchange

Fig. 4-7 Interchange TraffiEcsVolume Chart

4. 11. 2 Interchanged Roads Seen the general situation of interchanged roads in table 4-9.

4. 11. 3 Environment Impact Analysis Yaoxian and Chuankou sections of the highway basically.accompany the ex-

-88R- isting roads, where air prediction value can get from the mixed traffic volume. The interchanges in Jinsuoguan, Yijun and Huangling will impact little on local environment for its narrow and less-populated area, and no necessary prediction will be needed. Fig 4-8 shows the prediction values.

CO 3. 30 COt 3. 13 C0 3. 22 Nox: 0. 09 Nox, o. 08 Nox: 0. 07

Xian - _ - Huangling

day: 74. 4dB day: 73. 8dB day: 71dB day:- 70dB day3 71dB day: 70dB

night:61. 3dB night:59. 8dB night: 58dB night: 58dB night: 58dB night: 58dB

Yiaoxian Huangbu Chuankou

Interchange Interchange Intcrchange Fig 4-8. Interechange Environment Impact Prediction Illustration For the values in the above map. The sound environment values at night are above standards at Chuankou, Yaoxian and Huangpu interchanges and no more residential buildings in programme is suggested.

4. 12 Environmental Impact Analysis on Borrow and Spoil Sites and Construction Transportation Road;

See Construction Material Sites and Transportation Roads in Sketch 1. 4. 12. 1 Borrow Site The whole subgrade earth-volume in this project amounts to 8795. 0 thousand M 3 , From mainly the spois of cutting sections and of tunnels, or from borrow area along the highway when the volume is not enough or a long distance. Blocks and rubbles are from borrow sites choosen at the edge of the route, sand, cement, lime steel and etc, bought from other regions. As the choosen borrow sites cause the damage of vegetables and soil erosion along the route in construction, it is suggested to limit the working area, to prohibit worker channel inside and sedimentation basin at the edge, both the channel and basin link in order to reduce soil erosion. It is suggested Lhat the design unit examine the soil of slopes not far from the highway. If possible, the unloading earth can be used to fill in the roadbed. -89 - 4. 12. 2 Spoil site The Spoil of the engineering is up to 11070.33 thousand m3 including the poor cut soil, tunnel wastes and extra soil. The design unit has choosen some spol sites with proper protection designing. The places and engineering process- ing can be seen at table 4-13. The choosen spoil sites and engineering process- ing can be involved in the invitation of bid. The construction unit must deal with wpoilts strictly at the demands, that will reduce the ill impact on environment from spoils to a minimum, at the same time, the engineering wasters can benefit agrieultural economy by land making from spoils. 4. 12. 3 Transportation Road The self-selective materials of the project can reach the aim by longitudinal transportation and import materials by the same way through Xi-Tong Tong- Zheng and Huangdian roads, which are in good condition. The imported material is about 313 thousand tons, that means the traffics will increase 60 vehicles daily on the existing road; (10 month construction in a year, totally 2 years ) and it will influence much on general traffic. The longitudinal transportation sections for materials can make use of the esisting passages or pathes; Sometimes, to build up or repaire some freeways are necessary, which will not bring much ill-impact to local residents. For those sections, where it will influence local traffic sound and air environment to local residential quarters, especially serious construction ash, the construction units can sprinkle water periodically on those sections so as to decrease ash pollution from the transportation road sections. The temporary roads will be used for planting trees or farming after the project is completed. The temporary road location: 1) Roads for material traisport: a. At Wangjiahe Township, Tonghcuang (K102+500), 0. 1 kmn, with one households: b. At outskirts of Yijun county Town (K 140), 0. 6 km with no households. 2) Sections along the Highway Along lthe road, on both sides of trnnels, there are no local roads due to the barren land. Some temporary roads are needed for constructionof tunnels, a total length of 7 is 13. 4 km.

- 90 - Table 4-13a Spoil Treatment Spoil quatlty order Plac(oiuan t Illustration and etgineering measure (thousand m } K96+900 Brick soil borrow area and sloping field aen be 1 373, 69 two-side bri4 yard changed Into farmland. 2 K38+_ J0 81. 33 Wangilahe frick soil borrow area can be change into brick soil barfow area farmland or can be a place of brick kiln. Fill in the gully with spoO before building up a re- K98+ 600 3 y isewadn 968 ull of lose stone facing and a water inside a gully on its left discharge installation at gully mouth. 4 K108-K109 549. 769 Filed inLthe ditch buDd up two retainning walls at its Inside Tongshugou ditc tunne spoi maouth and a channel for spoil. s KillO 227K724 Filld in the valley with two retaining walls at the inside a torrent valley mouth and a chaannl for spoil.

K 1 14+500 6 227. 4 Fied in the ditch for replantation Banjiegou ditch

7 K117+K119 619.9 Waste land needed, it can be evened as famland. slope angle

8 K 120+500 423.5 Put on wasteland or farmland after evenness for plantation.

9 CK126-K 127 137P7 Put on along the slope angel . somtiznes on fmland. Shiyousou ditch it'snecessary to even the land befor afforestation.

K 138+300 K1 39 +500 Filed in ditches or to even famland before building 10 Kl39+910 116. 5 up zetaining wall at ditch mouth-* then plant grass on. K 142+620

11 j K 144 +400 Filled in ditch or along slope angle, build up retaining 11 ~~~~~~303.5 K 144+900 wall at its mouth before grass planting on.

K 150+300

12 depression 299. 7 Filld in depresed area for replantation, put on along K152+200 angel and fix on it. Slope

13 KK158dry ditch 224 2 Filed in ditch or heaped on sloping field bulhead and sloping field grass plant are needed.

K163+K164 Filled in ditch or heaped on sloping field bulkhead 14 114. 2 dry ditch sloping field and grass plant are needed.

-91- Table 4-13b Spoil Treatment order lSpoil quatity se 3 (thousand in ) illustration and engineerin measure C114+500K 6 227. 4 Fild in the ditch for replantation Banjiegou ditch

K117+K119 7 619. 9 Waste land neede, it can be evened as farmland. slope angle

Put an wasteland or farmland after evennessfor pln- 8 K120+500 423. 5 tation

9 K26-K 127 137. 7 Put on along the slope angel, somttines on fumland. Shiyougou ditch 'its necesary to even the land before afforestatban.

K 138+300 K 139+500 FiLed in ditches or to even farmland before buiding 10 K1139+910 IS. 5 up retaining waU at ditch mouth, then plant grass on. K 142+620

Filled in ditch or along slope angle, build up retaining 11 K144-I-400 3U3. 5 wall its mouth before grass pltnting on.

K150+300 12 depression 2997 Filled in depressed area for replatation, put an alng 12 deresin 7 K 152+200 slope angel and fix on it- Slope

I3 K158 dry ditch slopi- 24 2 Fillcd in ditch or heaped on sloping field bulkhead _ng field and grass plant are needed.

14 X163+K164 114. 2 Filld in ditch or heaped on sloping field bulkhead cdry ditch sloping field and grass plant arc needed.

-92- table 4-11 EnvironmentalQunftly Predictionof Residential Quarters along ProposedHighway

FFeji.ted ..mJ Lwee Pmdinetd puIuume dwmiyv (uVmi/)I

Am-.. 1 VlSIeeu IIb O Drflkmlal S.OVIA Above 5emd Abe. A6ve. Abs.. Wmv Lieve &&ndard Ia,. Simndaud BuNaled eil staipoan

2 17. 1 54.4

3 19.3 3C6. :305 31 60as a 63.9 516.5

S 63.2 54.4 V~ ih eleo

Munhu 20 - %or__-'fvome dhe highla7 In Kg;. I 66.0 14.0 tow". ,e,Id.4

2 69.7 55.4 T.,qumPe? a

3 73.5 66.3L 2005 - - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3.316.07 73.5 $LB %o

S 73.4 ..# 03.7 o

6 73.2 V.f 60.4 '41 ~~ : ::.:~SL:5.: 3.16 0.05 Tap,-a Kethleau pvpe

HIS so 2026 616 49.3 3.29 0.62 'rp ma. UeIte Pat.. h. ~~~~202065. 3 SLO 3.38 alas Ir hti.e.1560

F. o:200 57-.1 47.9 5.76 0.2

20201 55.5 43.3 2.32 0.62 c

200 61.3 49.3 2.93 0.04 ter ltion.457 2020 65. 3 SLO 321 0.03

2005 ST.6 46 2.76 6.62

hew* -- -MA he va~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~wheki-? 2zo0 61.6 47.7 2.82z 0.02 Ipe

2002 65.5 510L 2.33 6.644 'rap wU.

X1Knai 30 -Tag 100

2020 69. 2 541.3 3.20 0.06

L.hLh. 16120 so 200 '63.7 40.1 2.80 0.62 Rc.idtm DN I ~ 22 67.0 513 2.94 o. Iatmow,290 M"-IC132005 57.744.9 L.76 0. 02 R-. PO. 1202 612. 663 Z.33 a-CZ ktimo.344

K.be1134 100 2005 60.1I 46.3 2.77 3.0Z Rekdew popu* 20-D 63.5 4L.8 7.96 6.03 hkmn.463

Yaqijo 13130 -- S 6. 5O2 o U n 2020 69.2 4.3 294 0.- ' 1. kiian.402 ______~~~~~~~~~~~~impowde ~~ 20~ ~~2060.0 43.2 40.5 26.0? .0

1613630 ~200 649 43.9 Z.0 6.02- RWai. pope Kurjo r2020 65.6 53.4 Z.394 116.4 in 0

MonmquX152005 63.7 49. 0 3.66 6.0416 pp 206 67.0 53.4 3.77 0.68 I.w.~.336 201 70.2 '4 5.8 4 2. 93 6.AS

YmxisX73- 7 3 2020- 7.4 Va. GL0 '4 3.00 IL 07 2001 67.5s 54.4 2.33 6.6S F.eRIF.qi.. K(1 so 2020 65.7 ___ _ I5. '4 2391 IL___606 _ _ _

s~~~~30 ~~~~70.2 '4 6. '4 Z.9 0.0 up e 2020 72.4 '4 66. 0 '4 .00 6.67to

H~Wa5-K a20 -2005 716 '41 10.0 1. 3.0a0.0? 2020 73.7. ' 61. _____ 2.i Ps ____ 6Lot ___

The3cSO 200 205 6.7 55.5 '4 3.01 C. 07 kcmy2009 so5. . 5030.5 ___ table 4-12 Enivonmentil Prediction and Asseusmentfor Shoolsand Hspitals within EASCOPE

P__llrd_ SaundLavti Padlotd Pfl,m DOowr(mlonm/tre)

pmes s dlr ir4r c , N 1la _ c Oo NOS Dr No Se4od Ak.w sawd D Il. mo-. Ab, Ab, ' Levi Siandred LtA St5Id rw.) Sy odaidnd slnde, Sli dWad

I OA.0 V 12. . flm I202 67.6 V 1Ut 3.16 0.05

Sol. E1 _ _V5 52.5 Unr9

PsIMawy 2020 2 63.2 v 55.0 V 2.32 0. 7

3 G3.2 V $5.0 I 67.5 V 54.3 V

2 0.4 V 15.3 V

, Ite *Y) I US V 5_.0 V T.pV.. T'.e.,5060 ib XI? Ut 2020 - 4.0ORIL11 y s*.mzo 2fd 12.2 V 55.1I V, I a IN2s0 5L4 45.4 2023 1 62.5 V 43.2

No 1 54.7 47.6 K...... 1.r)- 2 57.6 46.0 LT74 0.02 Tp. .em,b 6iddIt K10 lo. Tp w2 SW-Lu 1,0z SaI,oa StUd1. I 61.3 51.7 log) ID" 2 57.3 4L2

Fen&ke _ _ ze20 57.6 45.6 2.76 0.02 Prius, 1105 160 - - _O _ _9. St.1 u 2 Se _ 2028 61.6 V 47.7 2.X ..02

0.nmi 2625 45.5 V 51.0 V 2.76 o.o' , K1162 1 _I T.p Wa. T",cacki.2 _2e0 63.2 V 54.3 V, 2.72 0.02

iF il;Iza se 2005 6a.7 V 4L57 M.30soTh.d.2 0.02 Frb-yP 1120 22 67.0 51.3a 2.9D4 0.04 mswde)ma.a

|hian 2805 57.7 44.5 2.U 0.02 T,ml 2r !| z. 2D2e2061.2 V 46.3 2.77 0.02 YO-9 zoos200 64.1 V0 43.3 Lao0 0.0 Raz

Yn* 0136 32 - - 7cted - - A° 2te,2v 22e1 65.6 V 53.4 V, &34 00LO

Shetf . | 2200 57.7 44.9 2.75L0S eee a23D Prirm lU4I ZCO I I. sehId 20| SLo0 43.2 3LAI 0.0e

6 Itn.y -100- 220Dos l- .2 I-I V 53. V_ 2.1 0. 05 Primr 5 I Joe I I. _ In.|) 2020 '67.5 V 54.3 V 2L.l 0.es

2105 | zs 3 V 53.7 V L.ai e as

ft=ry X L r:20 67.5 V 5.3 V Lg1 0.06

z|oss 63.2 V | 53 3o1L 0o.e .%w&k 2(9 40 - - 1stwwl1l 2020 71.7 J v1 5L7 V 3.03 0o.0 Note ,1. Ty '2' background Re;l crinceo 6a adlopstd 2. Atmaphetie ptlatsn eaistermet:is caIcuatcdby averag dayt6w NquiMueseum 3. - Mdic.tes tit beetin gwunane has exceeahrthe criterin fr mxdent'l qStenulrstl and educattoaldistricts

-94 5 MEASURES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENGINEERING

5. 1 Measures for Environmental Protection During Design

For details, see table D

Table D Measures for EnvioranmentalProtection during Design

Category measures supervisors executer

Road Design 1) Rational route selection, avoiding residentaial SPCD and Shaanxi Road quarters as can as pgssible, less occupation of far- SPEPB Design Inst. mland and forest; 1) Avoiding infavourable geological areas as can as possible, if have to, antislip design is needed; 3) Avoiding listorical relic pares as can as possible, if havc tot,over head bridges or tunnels are needed; .1) At population-densed areas, enough passages or pedestrian bridges are needed; 5)At population-sparsed sections, enough passges or culverts are needed for forming activities; 6) Bridges should be good enough for flood discharge. 7) Slope cut off ditches, diversion channels and re- tainingwals should be providedat cut sections.

Resettlement 1) Proper resettlement of removal is needed Shaanxi Social SPHHMB 2)Investigationof the loss from removal needs to be Studies Inst. done compensation should be made or is given other land by the government-

Contructioh 1) The location of material sites and traffic should SPEPB SPKDI Design be well considered; to occupy as less farmiland as possible; 2) Bitumen micing stations, lime mixing stations should be set ulp leeward to villages beyond SOm away; 3) Spoil sites should ptoperly selected to avoid soil erosion

-95- Continued Table D Category nidlures suporvl.on executer

Environmaint J) At the distination, Huangling, It is aflorestod Shaanxi MHi- SPHDi Protection with pine and cypress to be harmoinious with mur- torical Rallo Design roundlngs; Bureau 2) At the Yuoxiun Kiln, small sculplures modelled after antique. lu add to eight view.

5. 2 Environmental Protection Measures During Construction

This project will impact the surroundings during construction as mentioned in Chapter 1. Environmental proection measures should be taken to decrease to a minimum. The measuies to be taken during construction are seen in table 5-1. The topography and geology of the area through which the future highway will pass are complex, which results in great difficulties. Bidding and engineering supervision will be adopted during the whole construction in order to complete the project timely with good quality. The construction unit should compile the environmental protection measures into the bid files and put the environmental protection contents into contracts to ensure the execution of those measures. The construction control, regarded also-as the environmental control supervise the execution of environmental protection measures by the bid files and the contract. The execution and supervision schemes of the meassures are seen in table 5- 1.

5. 3 Environmental Protection Measures in Service

1. Environmental Pratection Measures According to the environmental impacts and its measures at table 5-2, the engineering facilities will be accomplished the same time of highway itself. see at table 5-2 the executor and supervisors 2. Sound-proof Screen and Grit Catcher Istallation By the analysis and currency of Yao-Tong class-one Highway, sound-proof screens will be set at the following areas. All these will be completed during the construction

(1) Chuankou Area (K95-K97), cement piles on fly-over bridges. heighten lin for shoulders at some high embankments, high brick walls as sound proof screen with an area of 1X2000 m 2 (2)Wangjiahe primary school(K97), heighten a 120- meter- long and 2m high school -96-

A wall,

table5 - la EnvironmentalProtection Measures during Construction

nvlronnientel En5llneerlng EnIarnmental Measuresn Supervisor. Executur Prublems Quantities

(DCuttinwbill atid filling ceril: canbe arriod out after finishingretaining wall In uonstructlo. Along hill sidesand riven no soil skndstone tipped. Upper MechainicaloLtavlutiu tdopls tu bulkbhncd possibleand blating problbitodOtn unfavur- ouvers ablogeology ctilon.. 23bOm long @Engilgeerorigexcavntion adopted In designm possibleto equllibrntecuts and netxts needs Dlis. Spll shoulidbe ouctieniriitly cst Into 10m' of agully, while buildingdrainage Incililes or whrl. Slone Prefecturalor formilg ctup fields. armoUr WaIls Municipal ®l3:arthtanid clol feticeplaed around wm be Transports- eirtb - dorng fields and mixing stations 24640m long tion Shaanxl Provincial Water lws beforerainy sen (Jul. -Sep.)to decreasse Buresu and Survey and Design and soil waterloss and soil erosion. 113000m of Environmen- Institute of Erosion ®Tntereeptingdithebs shiould be dug tail Highways Section out In largCarea of hill cutting for protec- and cloth Protection contractors. and cloth Bra n tlon of cut slope. blkha w Burau nd @ Retaining walls and anti - plcs be wiii Engineering plncedat lowerpart of slidehills bcsidethe lono sndSupervisors. and atone bhgbway.The hills should bo gradedand oulkeW tanped. Cracksfilled to preventruning off on h3 from penctrating. Meanwhie, BO and stonle bushesand broadleaftrees can he plinted bulkhead on slopes. Excavation for buiding sub- 11.72m grade should avoid rniny season(Jul. - on Sep.). t At borrow areas, rainwater diversion channelandsettling basinsmust be placed In order to reduceIts watererecon.

19Take up waste land and no ftam Setion contractors landas posible. (41) Temporary fly tokir- ®Detcrminethe constructionares and pqes for rnaterinl fly taking passgesformatria prevent mcehanicalequipmcnts from de- transport mnust be up land or supervisors. stroying farm lnd. lowsenedand vegetat- crop feudsi ® After cnstruction, rcowverthe cd after the construe- fIrm landand loosenthe soil whenrolled. tion

- 97 - ulble S-I-b

QJviruitniclta EnviornmentauMacturno | uP vors 1sxers

(I) Excrementnad dtomoostic stwage Dlvii trgo nrcadischarged uattr simply bandledIn S4p PNlt suporVIs- Ur~~tlio c tank. ob iloailltic (2) During overflow bridgeconrtruC- Lut envi- Secilw onutraut "Wilha til., the domicallu sawago an't be Septictank, I ronnielitnl pro- unita. frunm the dischargedInto wnterdirectly. tnale"g deprt- (rumthett ( 3) salemt a Plac to Wconcenltrate oteeijdeot wurtorst garbiaegIn order to dispoasof It conveani- met. witlty. (JM LImo-soIl miting stintionsbould be sot up down-wind, 200 mnaway fron residentialqunrters. Operalerssbould dros protectivetool smuchas ganuzemnsks nnd goggles.,oovs rjc (2) Sprinkla water in time on the Projet suptris Ion Dust transport and constructionsettions to o.. Local envi- Sectlin contract flit unionous duesrising duset. sprinkleirs rconnientAlpro- units. fog (3~~C)l4eaursm should be takento the lcli eat (oS vehicles conveying soil ind fuel as to rcduae tecting depart- powderydutf (4I) Bliumen miixing statlon muMt be bet tip 500ni frum resotenilal quarters ur villages at lecword. or at acmeoisolated

(I) Ear plugsare sentout to machhie opraters . Project super vi (2)Enchanai maitenance, Guarantse sow. Construe- the transportingvechiules and constructive Local eavl- Sectioncontractors tlon noite mnaiinesIn goodcondition. ronmantal pro- (3)Stop work froin 22, 00 to 6100 a. tecting depart- n. Comnult with the ashoob when nimat. txistrum lng bealde

The ProvincialSenior Build sideworks In time. Dredgothe traf. traffic oh- Loceal traffic Highway Admlnis. fic to ensure traffic of tbe aren unblock- struction able- police trtiobn Bureau. Sec- tion contract units. (1) Dredgeriver channelsIn time be- furo rainy season(Jul. -Sep. ) to etsture flouddiscbarge of channecl. (2) Donlt destroythe protectingdarn of rivers to ensurcflood dischargecapacky of channels. Bridgelsasnd The Provincila Bu- (3) Try not to coverriver channel,. culvcrts Diversionchannel, wl be buit In Changed Projectsupervis- mau of Highways. construc- channel. I ors Section conrnct season and river channels should be tion units changed if necessary. (4) When constructingsections where river channeb need to be changed, the -:ver channelsshould be firSt changecdac- cordingto design.Then, the subgradecan

b_checostructed.

- 98- table 5-1-c

Envronmentli EnviommnentalMeaures Engtined Supervibor Exeeutort ProblemsQunio

(1) lnform the relicsprotecting do- The Proincil Senior panrtmentin time snd pteteetthem in o- L relic pro- Hlgtway Adminla- Historical riginal lookoutwhen findingout bitorical toeetng depart- tratlonBureau. rrlls ralis duringconstruction. te Sttnon contrac (2) Excavatehbtotimal reeis sisted tnonts SectlonContret by historicalreics department. ut.

(1) Prohibitcutting down trees out of construction sitca Vegetations (2oson Rpc sothser nt sIdts Projectsupervis- Section contract u. and animals construction, Prohibit constructionstat o-s nits from hunting.

Pay attention to constructionsafty provide safty poat on duty on the acetionsbcsdcs Safety villages. When construction blasting after criy stafr: Section contractunits the ske ckarance, places must be Slited and mnm-workera are allwed nside.

Pay attention to protecting the water su-r The Traffic vice pipes, drainage pipes and flood-con- T-cTa trul dams . If affceted, they should be The Urcau The Provincial Bu- Othes removedor protected or rebuilt befee c ueUtion rea toni onrhwaysc construction. Heavy tracksfor construe- stion Section entnect tions - l damagethe existirg roads when The By- UnkS. te hlighway Is completed. repaing or e- drc Bureau conomiccompensaUon will be taken.

_ 99g table 5 - 2a Environrmental Protection Measures during Service

Envl- The engineering ronvetu Envomcntl icaura of Problenm Envosmentnl Meum environmental Executors Supors protection

(1) For sone multi-floor buidinps within 20 - 30m anay from the road In Chuankou. TongehLua, the clsedt fronkttOM- dos wMl be built or other manures will be taken. (2) The schioolssad hospitals In the area from Wangjla. to mineral well NO. I sheuld be fiXcd The P with doable sealed- winows or the 8hilCm3 closed Senior Highway The Provincial route bypon . tra corror Admristraton. Tranportadon Adm- Traffic (3) For village schooLs besie fromnt cbscd Admii straio TranstatIon A the highway. high-enclosure- wil 0C'c- h rfi iitaia Nosc be but windows 2000 environmenul The local cmvi- (4) No whistles of veWixas at e high-enclo- protectinh adrn- miental protecting night. ~~~~sure Inistrathu, admlinistration (5) Set up vChicle noise mci- Traffic polie taring staions at toll station. Pro!,- ibit Vehices below national stan- dand on to the road. (6) The closetd front corridor will be ste up for teadhing-bulding o! the Yichl Middle Scicol by which the buot Yao-Tong hal- eras highway pasts

(l)Set up cxbaun monitoring stations to prohibit the vehicks with too much exhaust from entering the toad. The Provincia (2) No morm sensitive district Senir Highway The Provincia sudb as residential quarter, scbool, Adinalstrntlon, Transportation Adm- hospitals and so an. built within mit oga- The Traffic inistatlon. The local Eshmstiway SOm&= the ro;ld. tionitodg sta- Environmecntal envioanmental pro- (3) Combine planting tTeS and tion: I Protecting Adr- tecting administra- border plantation to refsh alr. InIstration, tion. (4) No permanent buckil;s Traffic polie audi as hospitals. schools. cwmnu- nities,etc. whthin 300m away from entrances of tunnels

-100- table 5-2b

Envi-. The engineering ronmentil Enviernmental Mesures quntitles of Excuton Supervisor. Pn,olems environmental~~~~~~~~~~protection

(1) According to loal topogrnphy gradient, drainage channels should be bulk at the upstream of Xbe Reservoir that the tighway pmes. by. Through the drainage channel, The Provindcl the runoff on pavement are divided Senior Highway into two parts which respectively f1- Admlnlstration,

Run - off ow Into two-oil insuiating sand The Provincil The local envi- Run- oU Catchen. it Is discharged after Four sand Higb way Survey ronrnntal protecting paLvement ::tttment. Intercepting channels catchers and Design In aodrinIstratIon, The should be built on the cut bill to stitute, locl water company drain the runoff into the reservoir to Construction u- keep catcbment quantity . nits, The local (2) According to the concrete water plant conditions of sections, long channe- Is and odI-insulatIng sand catchers are built to drain out the unoff on pavement.

(I) Compete the protecting Water Loss engineeting e , e slopcs The Provindal The Provindal and Soil (2) Take advantage of the veg- Senior Hifgway Transportation Adi- Erwion etatkons to green shouldcrs and cut Admnistration ministration slopes

(1) Recover the vgetation de- The Provincial stroed during onsti etion. , Higbway Survey Vegetation (2) Plant busbes and arbors on and D Thign To- Vcgetation both sides of the highway. stitute The The Provil TCCowfl, (3) Staffs appointed by the Two forestry Provincial Transportation Adm- and plan- forestry admirdstration monitor the suprvsr seniors inistration tation situation of insects beside the Highway Adm- highway to control the pest diaster inistratlon, The local forestry administration

Build the bidesbr te dr Tivers. Water of thc wiverhefor the draindge Tbh.Proia The locaLl hydraulic bitelving by eu should be geared to flood and Dsign In the rte a. dis harge of river channels and hy- stitute draulic facilities

-101- table5-2c . ._. ..

En"l-- The engineering ronmental Enviommentnl Measures quantitlis of Exewtors Supcnbon Problem environmental EeutrSprvss protecton

(1) Place swage dIsposl equl- patent and discharge after treat- The cavE- Wmte ment athered. ronmntal pro- The Senir Highway drainage of (2) Clearaway pollutants such Water dWposcal re dental admInitratIn bu- service ds- s garbage In thie In the service equipment3 I ment of senior reau ttlet was HigShway t3) Prevent oIl Btationsfrom catcing fir and laking out

(I) Plac the pasage. for roads under rank ploughing and for rest- Plouging denu on both sides of the road to in the filds exchnge In ca and to discharge In Section concrac- Residents along and the te trs rout.. trafic to (2) Place the new passages ac- and fro cordingto thc requirement of the most resiants on the both sides of the road.

(I) Build the percdation wel in village which lIe In the remote mountains area and take stream The Provinc}l (river) as drinking water Burcu of (2) Bu&lIthe stone faling plat- BHurhwea form If the unfavourable. Place The The local en- Safety guacrdltlY Percolation pitn Provincial vivonmental protect- § Place(3) thickened isulation t0 Senior ing admtntration fener at villages and schools. (4) Highway Adm- Connect with the pubUe Ity nistration Bu- and control carrie. with dangerous reau goods, educate drivers of the trans, port safety and ski training for .1 cnnemergecy

(1) Prohibit strictly the oil vchlcl pouring oil along the escape The ProvincialT Highway cannligwa admi- Senior Highway ThensP roatinciul Man- (2) Prohibit strictly the vehicle Fnistrat ad Administratin Tr4bspcWation Bu- anement overloading coala dta n resu. (3) Prohibit strictly the vehicle Bureau from overspeeding

(3) Banjiegou prinary school (K116), cement piles'on fly-over bridges, long x high 100 x 1 m2 (4) Lianjiahe primnaryschool (K129), heighten a 50-meter-long school wall, 3 meter high (5) Yarao primary school (K 135), heighten enclosure, long x high = 50 x 3 (6) Yangjiaping primary school (K136), to heighten a 60- meter- long school wall, 3 meters high , or to remove (7) Dongjiahe primary school (K 82), to heighten a 100- meter- long school wall . 4

-102- meters high. (8) Yichi middle school (K89), to build 'a closed front corridor (2000m2 ) on the side facing the highway. By water environmental analysis in 4. 3, the water environment along the route will be mainly impacted by pavement runoff which can be drained into oil insulation sand catchers. After being handled, it can be given off. This-wi}l effectively reduce the impact from the project on water environment. The sand catchers should be placed on the following sections: (1) Xihe reservoir area: Place a catcher at upstream of the reservoir. The run-off wi be disposed of by sections and then drained out. Both catchment sections will be lOkm in between, and the ditch about 5km long. The distance between the sand catchers and the reservoir must be more than 6 kilometers. (2) Banjiegou River : Place a sand catcher at Jinsuoguan 0(113) . the catchment section is 5 km long. (3) Wangjiahe: Place a sand catcher at Zhoujahe (KI003). The catchmentsection wi be about 5km long. Such measures as placing long ditches, sand catchers etc. should be silmiutaneouslvfinis- hed with the construction. The locations and the structures of sand catchers should be specially designed. 3. Designed Rainwater Discharge on Pavement The pavement water at upper rivers is diversed by surface water, discharged by "Desi- gnation Standards for 1-HighwayBridges and Culverts" The designed rainfall flow on pavement is shown at table E- Table E. Designed Rainfall Discharge on Pavement at Upper River Source Route length _ __ Rotelegt 1. 0 2. 0 3. 0 4. 0 5. 0 DeignedFlow(km) 1020304050 (IIit Fbw 1 256. 7 513. 5 770. 3 1027. 3 1283. 7 Note: The rainall flow is calculated out by recurrence interval of 5 year.

5. 4 Suggestions

1. Removal and Resettlement The residental resettlement wil be difficult due to less farm land. It is suggested for the construction units to consult with the impacted residents, whose demands should be met as possible under the principle of not impacting the construction and the investment uses. An available plan of removal and resettlement can be made to keep the living standard of the residents beside the highway higher or at least unchangable. Special attention should be paid to solving the problems of rural surplus labour.

2. Prevention of Slide (1) Slide hills beside the highway should be prevented in advance to resist slide before

- 103 - construction. The concrete method is as follows. Stick -like drainage system and runoff roundabout intercepting ditches should be buit to collet and drain out runoff on hills in order to prevent the runoff from penetrating or ponding. (2) Retaining walls or anti-skid walls should be built at lower part of slide hills. Fully cutting are not needed and by-sections cutting with skid goove bracing can be adopted when building retaining walls. After cutting a part, it should be back-filled and recovered at once to avoid slide, part collapse or whole shift. Such water keeping plants as little crowns etc. Should be planted on slide hills to combine with mortar rubble masonry. This will not only protect the hill and conserve soil and water, but also form a scene along the route. (3) Small slide hills should be unloaded in advance. Soil of upper part can be used as subgrade sol.

3. Soil and Water Conservation Construction unit should make a plan to stabill7e cutting areas and get side slopes fieled in time. The people who will lose their fileds are to be given jobs because the subgrade at upstream of the Xihe Reservoir will wholely or partly take up their fields, otherwise hills will have to be opened up causing water loss and soil erosion and the reservoir wi be silted up.

4. Public Utilities Along the Route It is suggested that the construction unit consult with the related deparatrnents to do well the work of protection and removal in order to avoid bad impacts on acilities of hydraulic, electric power, communication and drainage etc, and to deal with its destruction along the route.

5. Atmospheric and Noise Pollution It is suggested to shift the road direction in Wangjiahe town area to reduce bothrering the primarv school. Primary schools beside the route in monutain areas should be removed to avoid traffic noise and exhaust. As all of teaching buildings of primary schools in the mountain areas are of poor quality, the removal work will be less. and rebuilding these schools will benefit the local people. The number of toll stations should be as less as possible to prevent from both bad running conditions and pollutant density.

6. Protection of Water Resources It is suggested to locate the Yijun interchange at downstream of Xihe reservoir to prevent the water pollution from traffic accidents- It is better to locate the service district at Kangyan- di.

7. Traffic Mangagement and Environmental Monitoring An environmental monitoring station can be set up beside a toll station to either examine

- 104-

I e.xhaust and sound conditions of vehicles by samples, or to limit the vehicles exceeding criterion on road and to supervise and control the enviromnentalquality along the route. The station to build up can inform the highway administration department easily and suggest relevant measures if there are any problems.

8. Transportation of Dangerous Goods An unified admistration agency which consists of the public security department and environmental department etc. should be set up to supervise and control in terms of certifi- cates the transportation of dangerous goods. A well trained and equipped group under the Provincial Senior Highway Administration Bureau should be set up to handle transport ac- dents of dangerous goods on senior highways in the province.

9. Environmental Protection Agency Shaanxi Provincial Senior Highway Administration Bureau sets up an enviormmental protection agencyw ith 3- 5 staff members to be in charge of environmental mangagement on high - class highways in the province. This agency vill be also directed bv the Provincial Enivornental Protection Bureau.

10. Portection of Cultural Relics It is suggested to do cultural relics survey on Yao- Chunang section and Wangjiahe section before construction , to work out a detailed report on cultural relics and tw,mnaake up a cultural relic protecting plan for this project. A special park will be sited at Yaozhou Kiln Remains , where a relevant sculpture can be built up to provide a new sightseeing. That wil make it easy to archaeological study and visit.

11. Landscape It is suggested to build a great statue at the place in H-unagling Where the future highway wiU pass by. Outlook of the statue should go with the general plan of Huangling.

12. It is suggested to work out detailed rules and regulations of carrying out environmental protection for this project as quickly as possible in order to ensure the resposibilities of execution. supervision and management on environmental protection measures in different per- od.

13. Planuing It is suggested for Chuangkou area of Tongehuan city to adiust fmctions of the land beside the highway according to the traffic noise figures of the future highway, Streets can be paved and markets buidings for business can be set up wihin 20- 30 meters to take place of residental buildings for a suitable living conditions. In other areas, the respective developing plans can also be adjusted according to the traffic noise figures.

-105 - 6 ALTERNATES

6. 1 Alternates Comparison of Engineering Factors

Two schemes have been put forward to both the future THCOH and YTHCCHin the project feasibility study (see Fig. 2-2). Work quantities in schemes and the comparisons of traffic enviromnent are seen in table 6-1 and table 6-2. By comparison, Scheme II of THCOH and Scheme I of YTHCH can be adopted.

6.2 Scheme Comparison of Environrmental Impacts

The environmental inpact comparison of the schemes are soen in table 6-3. From table 6-I. scheme 11on THCOH and scheme I of YTCOH will take up more fields as well and investment for land requisition- By the analysis on agricultural production value of land and on the number of impacted people, the two schemes I will have mnoreloss than the corresponding two schems I. The removal of noise-impacting residents in both schemes HIwill be larger because of the larger population in Wangiahe mining area and in Huangbao town. If the scheme I would be adopted for the YTHCH. vehicles between Tongchuan and Huangbao -vould detour from Wangjiahe to go first on the National Road No. 210 and then onto the fu- tUre class-one highway at Yaoxian town. Therefore, the acoustic environment and the atmospheric environment between Chuankou and Yaoxian will go bad. Meanwhile, the increasing residents beside the new road will be also ill-impacted - From the point of both traffic conveni- ence and economic benefit . scheme I will be much better than the scheme II. In addition . the ill-impact on relics of scheme II will be much less than that of scheme 1. In a word, it is convinoed that both schemes II will respectively be much better than both schemes 1. It is suggested to choose both the schemes II as recommended. The constsruction units should fully consider the impact on relics and do relic survey weil so as to work out a protecting plan before construction.

6. 3 Route Industrial Layout and Development Plan

According to scheme II, the route closes to Yaoxian, Huangbao, Tongchuang and the mining area, which will correspond to the regional industry and the developrent planning of local relics and tourism- This will greatly encourage the regional economy and tourism. And acoording to scheme 1, the route wil be farther away from industrial areas and tourism spots, playing little role in the regional economy and tourism.

-106- 6. 4 Suggestions of Local Governments and the Mass

The Provincial Survey and Design Instsitute of Highway has consulted local governments and relevant departments about the route location while locating. The local governments prefer Scheme nI. The appraisal group has also consulted the local governments at levels along the highway and experts concerned with the same answer. Few in Yijun county are wlling to choose scheme I considering the population distnbution of Yjun county but they understand and approve scheme n from the general point of whole area.

6. 5 Conclusion

By comparing the schemes , it is recommended that the two schemes fl be selected for THCOH and the YTRCH respectively. At the same time, it is suggested to survey in detail the relics distribution along the route when designing locations in order to keep the route away from them. It is necessary to survey and protect the relics together with relics the protecting department. when the road passes through inevitably. The local relics can be exploited under protection to create a favorable condition for far sightseeing. table 6-la Comparisonof Schemesof THCOH Ordinal °lurntm, Unit I() Diffeence

I mue length km 87. 02 83. 48 +3. 55

2 Length of eras- km/r S. 12/4. 0 -5. 12/-4- 0 mountain section 3 Average mubgrade 10Om' 8=22 92 8420. 79 -197- 87 earthwork

4 RetEininB & pro - 551278. 28 401380. 93 149897 +149397. 75 tecting engineering

Pavement 1000m 1403. 177 1432. 418 -29241

6 His bridge rn/set 5374. 94/22 4897. 72/20 +422. 22/+2

7 med-sied bridge m/set 2224. 41139 175 4137 +349. 0/+2

8 j Smallbridge mitt 245. 3/13 270/30 -22 3/-17

9 Cuvern 204 236 -32

-107 - tabl 6-lB

__d_in Unit ( _ _ Diffrat Numbems

to Tunnel M/Vt 7255/6 6105/II +11501-4

II Occupied lnd mu 6498 57 6419 -+79.57

12 Intercange 7 -e -I

13 grade pematn -4 8 -4

1-4 Fma_ _ 62 70 -8

15 Over0s 1 7 21 -4

Llieda5 road C cbs_ 16 nasoa 6.3 20 -13.7

7 Capital tbousand yuan 203099. 11 209364.93 -6265.2

Sdn=e I Seme I AdvantaUIssC .Rol shorler in length Advantages 1. s. Clan away from Hungtkng, veehi- 2. Sbnrer tunne lmgh 3. 12 km away dls from HuanUling county nm i and rfrin Huang Un1gCnervatdn Zone out easiy. lea to no lntrflernm In between. 2?To pm by the border of HIuangling Dadvantagu: 1. Ik Is no covienc

CIuevan Zone wil inr- mend to for visitom to pay hoa and Rour be- tbe rtbilding of Huaigl Toit b mse of law dis-tan 1wen Hug- a Ict cle to Yljun Town and dli Tomb and t hhavy. (121cm) Yuhuaumn DevelopingZone,and ca- 2 ITe rod doc re good to the cx- Advantages nl with the nnciil roads. AU of noac development of Ykun. as it sa and disadvan- wtzkh wi be bepul to economic devel- 20km away from rjun Town. tages opment. 3. Vehils from [te mine area ad the 4. Problems of passing though Huan- developing zone arennot wringly to cn- glng Town to and fro aU dixctdons ter the highway. will be completely solvd. 4. The exicing road and the the new 5. FEqgmwaengginlo condItion Is bet- blghtuywiU inter-fAr each ther- Tlra- ter. and there are few big bridges, ic ams wil be sious durs con-true- Disadvantages ton. 1. 3. 55km longcr in comparison S. Sction at Tangui Riva (Cikm in 2. lenqgoth tnnlds is 1.15 km longer lmgtb)mnaces vwithhydroloial and ed- 4 than that of the schemeL offo conditrin bad. rcsmlt in difficult

Ecdons Thet ncmmendai T I

-108- table 6-2 The Schemes ' Comparison of YTHCH Locations

Scheme I Scheme I1

Length: 31. 639 km Length: 26. 69 km

Advangtages :1. Few towns and residential quarters and low-productive land close to the route. The engineer-ing quantities of bridges and culverts will be small. 2. The route is far away Advantages from the built half-cross I. The route road, with no impact on tI¶Ltf- 2. It is convenient to connect with the fics against the existing road. ~~~~~existingroads. road. . 3. It closes to Huangbap and Tongchuan 3. it will be far away from HuangWillbao fan Tongchuan city, and favourable for development of e- Huangbao and Tongchuan cnm n ors city and will not dis;turb the yadtuim city and wff not disturb the 4. It aligns the future THCOH and connects it at Chuankou , Tongchuan. Disadvantages :1 It wi be too far away Disadvantages 1. The bridge and culvert frim the existing half- en - gneering as well as cross road, no lnking in between. Mines and enter- tepo-tcin n between.Mines and enter- gineering will be dif-ficu- prises mostly loaes along it with great amount of re the existing half-cross -moval. road, vehicle will be 2- The construction inter- difcult to enter it. 2.fficultheomente ist4. 96fers the traffic of the guilt half - cross road. Mea- longer than than of sures must be taken. schleme3.hemr 11- away from 3. It passes through and H Fargbaaandy T ronhn iinpact probably the relics Huangbao and Tsonchuarto azobo of Yaozhoubao. industrial district. It wil be unfavorable for the development of economy and tourism. 4. Its vertical fluctuation results in low technical index.

comparison scheme Recommended scheme

-109- table 6-3 Comparison of Environmental Impact of Schemes

Ordinal THCOH1 YTHtCCON Envitonment Index Remarks nunbers Scheme I Seabme I Scheme I Steame I

I The vintity of occupied - + 79. - +38. 7 fields (mu) 6

2 Occupied frmlarnd (mu) +199 - +247. 8

The value of agricultuTal

3 producton of Eeld. (ten +11. 34 - +5. 78 - tbousand yuan) _ _ On tho base of

4Number of people affected schome 1 . tho out- 4 by nd requisiton +300 +230 put valua of the good fields Is counted by 570 Yuan/mu. yr. The number of The output val-

a households affected by -360 - +320 - ue of the low pruduc- rctneval and rbctikniclt. __ _ __-tive fields Is counted

The number of people by 280 Yuanni/u.

6 affccted by air and noise -900 _ +800 - yr. Moat of the data polution are cstinmted.

No No 7 Ttaffic convenencke conveni- conveni-ocannel. eat eat cot ent

a The degree of impact on stnibr Gnater SmaLr Greater hIstorical relics

-110- 7 ANALYSIS ON LOSS AND GAINS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMY

7. 1 Investment Estimation of Environmental Protection

7. 1. 1 Single Paying Investment Estimation of Environmental Protection MAeasures The sigle paying investment of environmental protection for this project estimated to be 50. 594 million yuan based on the environmental sitaution along the future highway and the environmenal prjotecting measures proposed by this appraisal report. In it, 45. 699 million yuan needed by the project itself has been included by the total investment. Additional investment for environmental potection will be 4. 895million yuan (see in table 7-1). The total cost wvilltake up 2. 6% of the total investment of this project ( 1949. 6265 million Yuan) . The additional investment for environmental protection will take up 2. 5%0 of the total investmnent (19'19. 6265 million yuan). The annually average investment for environmental protection will be 0. 213 million yuan according to its 23 years of the service period.

table 7 -la Estimation of the Single Payment Investment

Unit coat (ten Amount (ten Ordinal Items Unit Quantity thouand thousand Remarks ynua) yuan)

_ Planintlon km 88. 516 3. 5 309. =

The requlrenent hf 2 Bad gcology bandling krn 6 20. 0 120. 0 environmental pro- tcstiun

3 Spoil disposal km 1107. 33 1. 5 1660. 9

Protection en- Protecting an. 4- gineering Cby 5/ km 88. 516 79. 7 423. 2 glneering needed by the projet

5- Vegetation recovery km 43. 5 1. 0 43. 5 40. 6

Protection of public 4 20. 2 0. 0 utilties

- 111 - table 7-lb

Unit ait (lcn Amount (ion Ord Innl llam U nil Qunnilly Ihumnnd Ihowand Roemrks numbsr? ywn) yun)

7 CluKoJfront turrWor m' 8000 0. 02 10. 0a

8 Sealedwindow mn 1000 0. 015 IS. 0

9 Soundproofwall m' 2000 0. 0S 60. 0

Becausoof the noisy 10 Removal and 4 5. 0 20. 0 and atmosphericli- Ucment pi

11' Vinduct 2 1000. 0 2000. 0 Uwed for protecting historicalrolis

Lu'ugside-ditches (by iinstallside-ditches to 122 OO km 30 6. 4 96. 0driwae 50_ _ drainwnate

|13 Swage disposal in 1 50. 0 50. 0 the scrvico dbtrlct

Peolation well for 0 2 2. 0 drinking

15 OJI sad 4mulain4 _ 1. 0 4. 0 catchers Vehicle for handllng 16 urgetit accidents(by 2 15. 0 15. 0 UsedfTor all toads

50/o) .______. _...______

Aniong thcmr, the totnl Invesiment of the project accounatto Total 5059. 4 45. 699million yuan, the total inveatment for protecting cnvl- ronment wlU be 4. 89SmUilon yuan

Remarks: During constructlon, the constructionexpense Includingsprinklers. dust climinatingequipmcnts for mixing stations. gcotextile aid septicpit arenot Isted here. thc lsted icrns(*) have boonin thetotal project investment.

-112- 7. 1. 2 Annual Cost for Environmenutal Protection The annual cost for environmental protection after completing this project is in table 7- 2. The NPPV calculated according to operation for 23 years and the discount of 12% is 2. 4467 million yuan.

7. 2 Investment Benefit for Environmental Protection

7. 2. 1 Direct Benefit The annual direct economic benefit from implemention the environmental protecting measures wilUlbe 0. 445 million yuan ( seen in table 7-3). The NPV calculated according to its operation for 23 years and the discount of 12% is 3. 435 milion Yuan.

7. 2. 2 Indirut" Benefit Executing these environmental protection measures wiU obtain a lot of indirect benefit. The teaching quality of the impacted area wiMlbe improved. People in the area subsist in good situation and are able to normally engage in all kinds of work. The environment for living wil becomebetter to keep the local people healthy. The indirect benefit is clear but difficult to calculate. In a word, better social benefit win be obtained from the investment for environmental protection.

7. 3 Brief Analysis on Environmental Loss and Beneit The environmental impact factors of the future highway has been economi- cally estimated calculation of tracing , land worthing and compensation receiv- ing, and the results are shown in table 7- 4. Although the quantification analysis is difficult as factors are difficult to be quanlified and measured in terms of money, the results can be still taken as the inportant basis of overall appraisal. The environmental benefit analysis shows that the environmental benefit of the project will be much more than its environmental loss. That is. the project is feasible.

-113- Annual Expense Estimations for table 7-2 Environmentl Protection

Ordinal Annual expence Remarks numbers (10000 yuan)

Equipment operation and main- 3. 0 W diosin facilities tentanCe

Two vehicles will be needed. Vehiclc5 operation and main- 2 6. 0 Each of them wim cost thirty tenance thousand yuan

Included in maintentance expens- 3 Planting maintanence es of the road

Included in maintentance expens- 41 Maintenance of side ditches es of the road

Twenty staff will be needed, E- 5 Environmental protection staff' 7. 2 veryone wiil be paid 3. 6 thousand wages yuan a year

6 Staff training 0. 5

Added environrent protecting 5. 0 Highten temporary walls and expense build soundproof walls, etc.

a Monitoring expense 2. 0

9 Office expense 8. 0

Total 31. 7

-114- table 7-3 Direct BenefitEstimation of EnvironmentalMeasures Annual economic Ordinal Items beneft (ten thou. Remarks Bnd vun)

Plantingl,and vcgetation 1 Planting and vqetlon Oxygen produetion. laiscape forestry econmy

2 Slide reduction twice a year an deease 0. 05 2 Bad geoloy bundling 10 .- mllion yun at one time.

Soil crosion and reservior WUckads to 180 mu of f0- 3 Spoil disposall 3. 2 ccid, Output value wiM bc 0. 18 thousand yuan.

4 Protection enginecring 3. 0 Scll ersion and Teservor silt can be prevented.

Acednts can be reduced twice In 23 years. saving -5 Utmicils proetimg 2. 8 0. I mMion yuan at a tkne

Noise wl be reduced and teaching in better cond- 6 Antdsound screen I 0 ltions . Increasing of students and reduction of sup- plementay rate for students.

Noise wil be reduced and better teaching cond- 7 Removal and resettlement 0. 5 ith

Protecting msures for a TourIt number will ceas and enhance the val- bistoical rlcs ue of historical relics.

The pavemcnt runoff Regular watcr supply wil be guaranteed. The out- 9 draiage disposal . 2. 0 put value wil be raked twernty tb sand yuan sewage disposal of xsevi-ce district vcey year.

10 Percolation well 10. 0 Reduction of mcdial treatment expense in impacted arca

Five aeddenns will be rcduced by ten thousand 11 U rgent accidents handling 56 D yuan at a time.

Total 44. 5

Noete: feasums whdt can not be ascsd in terms of money are not listed in the table.

- 115 - table 7-4a The Environmental Benefit Analysis

Enviroinen- Impacts, Treatmenl and Investent cs -) (+X Remarks tat bat 1000)

To buid water diposing fcildties c 0. 5 millo yuan Water in the eram district, to place long sid ditches andsnd- -54. a quaitey tcwcu to bandle the runoff an pavement at uptrmem +15.4 NPV coals forty thousnd yuan. The nonnal water spply wilt have an anual hrcment of twenty tbousand yun.

Wter e bridge and culven enginc urngcost 14. 22039 conservany milloln yun. The channel changing and the longwtudla -14836. 39 engandafl drainage engineering wil cost 6. 16 mmBm yuan.

Bcngreedn sround No obvious il-hnpact.

Rar plants and p- No obv ill-impact diots ant-. mals

6ineral No obviuts il-ipctp_

Historical Increment by developing wi be 0. 386 milon yuant s +38. 6 The NPV i o_ relics difficult to quanlify the impact on relis by pofit. -. 12% ibr 23 years.

The :and taken up by the projct Wil be 3789. 9 mu. Angri- WhVbiccasta 0. 9117 million yuan according to the output -91. 17 culture value of 240 yuan per mu. The land tempoarily occupied -_ by cnstruction wil cost f.

Health Of No obv}as badImpact people I

Water and The protection engineering wil cant 102 826 nmillon soil csa- TbcIman.The saving on dearing rcservoir silt will be 0. 232 +10259. 4 mllion yuan- The benefit of reducing water tos and soil vation erosion wil be +.

Back bThecost of treatinS unavourable geolog wL be 5. 64 gnund mmion yuan. The benefit of reducing side wild be 0. 771 -207. 0 gandg. million yuan. The benefit of reducing water lcss and soil

Hyadrolgy erosin will be +A.

Venture of The cost of purchasing accident bandling vechies. -30. 0 accidents

-116- table 7-4b

Enviromn- Impacs, Treatment and Investment Cost C-) (X RemerkB tal faetos 1000)

aend tesa- The compensationfor fida and the resettlement wl be 2814 6 tl.ement 28. 146 mMioLnyuan. -84

Value of There will be little value of the land besidethe highway. land o ltheland prim Increamentof 3. 85 mIllin yua along the +3850 NPV kend border of Tongschuan(annually( millin yuan)

Direct so-. c3al beneEt The direct benefit for road use (mileageshortage, time +193699. 85 NPV of en- sving and set 8

Irmprovcment for environment of Investment - En- ndp eent muragement of exploiting mineral resoure a the tourism

On both sides of the futtmehihway the quality of atmosphere and aostic environmentwill drop (-). Atmo- Crowded residents arri towns an both sides of the cexting sphere and road acosti After the completionof the road, the atmospheric envi- -235. 0 environment on both sides of cxiting road will become bet- ronment ter. (+) The prevention xpenseof the noise willbe 2- 35 malin yruan-

Under- ground wa- There wil be no bad impact ter

Vegetation. thereAfter wilcompletion be no obvious of theimpact. highway it can be recovered,

Annual cnvi- 0. 317 milIon yuan per year wM be needed, the total will -2, 4467 ronmcntal be -2. 4467 milon yan aemrding to operation for 23 mmbin NPV protecing years. yuan cxpense

Benefit: 19765-0385 milion yuan Total Expense -7. 72233 mMilonyuan Benefit/Expen: 6. 87

- 117-- 8 PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND SUPERVISION

8.1 Management Plan of Environment

8. 1. 1 Agency System The organization and agencies of environmental protection of this projeit are shown in Fig. 8-1. The Envirumental Protection Office of the Ministry of Communications is in charge of coordinating the management of environmental protecting work in trnasportation field. The Shaanx-iProvincial Transportation Bureau has set up a management agency of environmental protection(part of Construction Office) which is in charge as following: 1. Carry out all kinds of environmental ptotction policies, rules and regulations of the nation or the Ministrv of Communicationsand work out environmental protection methods, rules and regulations of this field- 2- Organize to compilethe enrvironmentalprotection plans of this field and supervise the execution of them and also perform environmental proection statistics. 3. &ein charge of the environmental protection management for capital constructions in its own field. 4. Supervise and administer subordinate units execution on pollution treatment and organie to work out and execute the plans on urgent pollution accidents. 5. Organize the environment monitoring, science researching and information collecting and spreading of the advanced technology of evnironmental protection. 6. Urge subordinate units to implement and to maintain environmental protection facilities. The Project Department of Shaanxi ProvincialTransportation Bureau will be in charge of the environmental protection work during the highway planning and designing. Shaanxi Provincial High-Class Highway Administration Bureau is the execator of the Project's envi- 4 ronmental protecting measures and plans. It is necessary to set up a special agency for environmental protection and supervision - According to present environmental protecting , Shaanxi Provincial High-Class Hlhgway Administratin Bureau should set up an environmental protecting department with two staff members who are specially in charge of environmental 4 protecting management of this project. After completion of this project (THCOH) , the THCOH administration department under Shaanxi Provincial senior Highway Bureau will set up an environmental protecting section with 3 or 5 staff members who should be specially in charge of the environmental protecting operation of THCOH. At this tirne, the environunen- 4 tal protecting department will be in charge of environmental protecting management of all the

- 118 - t. h Dab Wid theINatlenoel Envlroementi g Thesummit th ofWould otectlngAdmnl rietretlOft the EnrilronnienialProtcetin rri o1 itmrutine Biter lnr le n ronm pn l The summ ro i nce Commea nlcgi2o A tr oio Enh |ihof Wel114 Pttcilng Adimimltleofoeo ,,t¢ 8 { li~~~~~~~fh- Feprieeld Commnunij4fart&Adminbtirllen|r gosgtin Admlotreuen .uer'@eos iptule obeprowelrfaticling DIPOCIMIM Departmeno of lhi' ihe Pooli Regionalor MutteiplI Thenuliceoprlelnn P0r | Esivronmenieleti n or he ProncIalAssit ||te j' I theProject tlo3tcImtn ggeg Admintrtlorti3n EnrironmefesalProtecting ilt | ott;unklbal lPeovincial CommunitutionsAdminlustrilton Illghway

* I , I , . ~~~~ _ =/ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I

|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ciiel_ l tleitoini wltgllC

11I t1 ' I I TalicAstinionof Pubuit5ztrut IF] I'li | | ~~~~~~tb,E.an-ionmtAl Protzecting Dtpartm th -----

RejectGroup heToegi-Huenglfigbwor Admunsrstisrron aviletdeotetteTufe

| e -i- ihe SupenvionlAocl o - Andthe Admln Ag-entATaeion +-. th Eiecution the E:niEonmmntalProtectitng Agencle p }6 ~i 'l8Orgiltia;irof high-class roads in the province. There on the sections of THCOH wMlbe 20 environmental protecting workers,who belong to Shaanxi Provincial High-Class Highway Administration Bureau to keep waste-water- disposing equipments and to monitor exhaust and transportation of dangerous goods. A unified agency which consists of highway administsration departments, public security departments, fire fighting departments, highway transportation administration departments and environmenal protecting departments will be organized to strengthen the management of dangerous goods transportation. The highway administration department should be equipped with three fire engines and several professionalsto check up and to enroll vehilcles transporting dangerous goods and, if possible,to monitor dynamically. The public security department will check up the technical conditions of vehicles and traffic safety training. The fire fighting departement will educatig the training of fighters and spreading of fire-fighting knowledge to the staff. The highway transportatin administration department will be in charge of the qual- ification check-up. The environmental protecting department wil be in charge of the overaU supervision and also direction of environmental protection for other projects in this area. Shaanxi Provincial High-Class Highway Administration Bureau will set up two environmental monitoring stations on the route. For the environmental sensibility on this route, it will be available to built up 2 environmenal monitoring spots and to consign the work to local environmental monitoring stations. It is suggested to send two or three staff members to developed countries for training and acquainting the current development because of the lack of experiences in highway environmental management in China. All of the new employee should be trained for posts. The tentative training expense will be about 0. 1 million yuan.

8.1. 2 Plan of Enviromeutal Supervision and Environmental Management

The plans of environmental supervision and managemenat are seen in table 8-l,table 8 -2 respectively.

-119- table 8-la The Environmental Supervision Plan

Srages Agency Supab-on cntent Supervion ams The National Envi- 1. Esure that the aliround c- ronmental Proecating t@it .speclal subjectand uinpha- Buralu 1. Examin and vai te the ass- ala obiu. The EnvIonmental ement outine. 2. Ensure that al the possible, Protecting Offie of The Zash- 2. Thamine and verifiate the serios and pertental probleu The Ministryr of ilitt study environmcntal impact report. dealt with Communltlons, the 3. Examine and veriflare the 3. Ensre that the concrete and Proindal Envi- EAP of this project. available execuatlon phn worked roemental Protecting out for the environmental pro- Bureau tctadng TeaomeWr Thc Bank of World

TbioBank of World, The Natinal Envi- ronmental Prteing Exin th pmExet the prcedig thre of environmental protection and Bureau. The Provin- EA items ano EAP stricty EAP del Environmental Protecting Bureau

The Bank of World. cckthu -'-'tre! of the in- The National Envi- Ensure the Investruent on eme- vestrment for prutection envi- ronmnental Protecting ronmentaL protection renment Bureau

1. Esre qualfied envionment 1. Check If the lcaton of materi- of material yads and mixing sta- D:sign and al sites and mixing staions are tion coBtnion suiable. 2 Reduce construction impact on Shanxi Provindal 2. Examine the pollution dust and backround environment and cxe- Environmental Pro- noise of construction cute the conecrned laws and stan- tcting Administra- 3- Exanine the trcatment and dards of enviromental protection tion. The local cnvi- drainage of sewage in construc- 3. Ensure that runoff on earth ronmental protecting tion fields wil not be pollUted. administration 4. ExamInI the treatment and re- 4. Ensure that landscape and hlnd covery of spoiled elds rsources wil not be badly do- 5. Examine the heap of spol and stroyed. clearance of river channels. S. Ensure the flod discarge ca- paciry O chanrns. 4

The Provincial Envi-

nExamine if the envilronentad Administration * the ChedL and accept the envi- Natonal Envi- romnental protecting facities. roomnmtalronunentalprotecting% ~standard. Administration

-120-

': table 8-lb

Stanes Agency SpervisIon content Supervision alms

1. Cbeck the executin of EAP plan during operation. The Provindal Envi- 2. Check the exccution of super- 1. Cary outcAP. ronmental Protecting vision plan. 2. Crry out supervision plan. Bureau. 3. Check thc necesilty to take 3.Protect earnestly envirnment. further environmental protcting measuw-

The Provincil Envi- ronmental Protecting I. Chak the envlvonmeal quill- 1. Ensure earnestly people In BUreaU ty In sesitive ares. eth. The local env- 2 Check the sewagc disposal In Servkce ronmntal protecting setrice r 2. Ensure sewage discharge in perlod administration 3. Check the execution of en- surd. 3. Ensure that the source of dui- The Provincial ginearing measures for pavement nking water unpoliuted. Transportation Adm- runoff.

inistration

The Prov_ncki EnvIt Reinoe supervision to prevent The Proica Envi ronmental Protecting urgent accidents and elminate Bureae. the htent peril of accidents. Elminate the latent peril of *cd- The pubLic security Work out the plan to handlWurg- dents and avoid srious acidents and fime fibting de- ent accidcnts. of polluting environment. Check the abity of handling partenent. urgent accidents.

table 8 -2a Environmental Management Plan of the Project

Potential unfavourable Implemen- Agences in Supervi'ion age- Reducaingmeasurms tation agcid- age i Ses impacts es charge ncics

The Envi-

ronmental 1. Properly select loation to Monitoring De- I .Te Preceming iem oecupy less favourable farm Design units, The project partment of the and woods, The Provin- department of tI Farm and woods occa-nis pation 2. WVork out fair and a- cidal Senior the provincial sonable resettling p-u and Administrk- transportation 2-Residential removal and Administra- to make up the economic tion, adminis- resettlemecnt tion, less. Local tration, Local 3.Occupationsof channels The Provincial 3. Work out the plan of government govemncnt Environmental changing channels. Protecting Ad- ministration.

-121- table 8-2b

Potent lia unfavoiruble _mplntn- Agoeks In Suporwlsoinage- Impacts Redudng measure cation agond- charge n*k as

I .The contructlon perid 1. SpoIl wM Increase the 1. Concentrate spoN and quantity of water lea and complte guard engIneerlng. soil erosion. Z. Mechanical constaetling 2. Exploons wMI efect avoid explosion. the stabhty of the hIll- 3. DIscharge the coneentrat- body. ed wate water I discharged 3. ConstructIon waste and after making floaing oil Constrlction The eni- lfe waste. sedimentary and dealt wIth units ronmental pro 4. Dust and noise of In eptic tanks. tecting adilnia- construction. 4. SprInkle water on time Cruracdon tntlon of the S. Utilities along the route and install deaenrs for equ- supervision of provincal trtm- will be disturbed. lpment. the Provincial pwrtation adml- 6. Driving conditios of 5. Consult with related do. Senior ntistaion the existing highway wiii partmcnts before utliY Highway he impaired. demolition Adtninktra- 7. Embankment and cut- 6. Dredge the highways In tin ting bilh for bridge bulkd- time. Dcsign units Traffic rna,- ing will dampen channels 7. Dredge the river channel asrment dcpar- tf rivers. In tijmc. Construaction mentd S. Cutstmetun staffs' I. Prohibit workers from unitse hunting wii harm wild being burt. animats. 9. take physical exatination 9. InfectIos diseaes a- of workers on time. mong the workers and the 10. Build retaining,covering local residents. and intercepDting ditches and 10. SlMic colapse on the so on to deal with sUde. highway cross-setIms.

1. Place sound barrier. wn- trol the technkal Index of -he vehicle on the road and The Provincial E.Scrvzce period tedueeair pollution. Transportation 1. Atmosphere and noise 2. Place thickened insulating Bureau pollution frnm running fence at vilages and schools. The Provin The provincial vehicles. 3. Plant and rwover vegeta- Thal Se.r Environmental 2. The accidents occur. tion. Highway Ad- Protecting Bu- when children go onto the 4. Prevent runoff on ministration The Provin- tcau road.. pavement from flowing into Burau. cia Senior 3. Landscape protection. crop or soume of drinking Contractunit- Highway Ad- 4. The pollution of water. s. Higway The ProvincIal pavemcnt runoff. 5. Use the sewNW disiposal The Highway BUreaU Envi nt 5. Sewage in service dMs- equiprent . Admingutra- Protctio Bu- triet. 6. Work out aseis of pians rdoTan 6. Accidents of transport- to handle the urgent acci- ing doangerou goos dents, supervise and centrl department The public secu- pollute surroundings dynamily the vehices rity and fire probably- transporting dangerous go- fighting depart- ods,and set up a teamwith ment. all -round skills to handle the urgent accidents_

- 122 table 8-3 Environmental Monitoring Plan during Construction

Environment Monitoring Monitoring Monlioringtime Excution Surpervhtio factor spot Item nudfrequency agency agency Tbe Provin- cial Senior Mixing statIons. a year, threedays at Hishway Atmo- at The vi$llMgeatns ths TSP mominga tntc, and onceanother in theIn monitoringAppointed tbin sphere readpasse by. the afteroon during uit. Bureau. Constructionspot. conutrution. Thevuit iocmi

______~~bu reau . The Proin-

Residentialquaters or ciaT SePr aensitive units Higw Ad- (sch1ols) ISO meters One at a place, 20 Higwany Ad- Naise awayfrom construction a time, MonitorigB Burauminuteurau. spots units (schools) Nose twine a dty duting unit oreing within 150meters. construction envirenmental Sensitive units ttail *ronmcng ruadpassing by. bprcau.

Mechanical Pile striking spotsS0m vibration. The Provin- away from existing Obcrvation Strea"l= by monitor hik Scnlor Vibration buildings, of the stab- trainbt the nain Contractu- HighwayAd- The sectionwlth unfav- iHty of minittonnimWstration erablegeology buldings Bureau. and bills. in Loal Envi- construe- XbeResrvelr COD Sus- Once in 2 days In a Monitoring ronmentPro- ton pcnsion quarter unit tectan Bu- Water _ rcaus

-123- table 8-4 The MonitoringEnvironment Plan DuringServicoe Period Envi. lm- 10111r- otoh me pen The monitoringposition rng Monitoringtime plmn- SupervWionagencis tad ae andfreqency tatIon helen ______agencieS

The hopitall .f Chuankou Twiceper year one MineralAdintrfs tration In Jan,andanother WangjiaheMineral Adninsm~fieTe Poincia trationmiddle school In Jul latin fve The Provinclt FPngjiabePrinmary School NO.,CO daysechi time. TranTportationAdm- Atmo B Sanipleam 7i 00, inlatrutlonnotie BanjelgoPrimanr School TSP, mica m lo- sphere Qnjae PrimaryScol THC 11,00,U0,19 cal environmontal 00 everyday. protecting admins- realdentallquarter Pdtpo ampling tmtlon ICensyndiTowvnship Kangy"l TfjwnaWp~In beld weather The Yawhuoyo Museum (rain, sBnow) The HuangbaoTextile MMil

The hospital of Chuan - kou Mineral Administratiun WangjinhePrimary schoo The Environmental The primary School of Twke peryear Protccting Adminhs WangJiabeMineral Adminis- It lasts tbreedays tratin of city and tnation Back- at a timne Supervl- theProvincial Trans- Nobe BunjelgoPrimary School ground Twice everyday. sion u- portation Adminb- QhniiabePrimary School noise Oncein day time nits tration notify the lo- Kangyardi interebang and another at cal anvinonmental The YawAuoyao WMuseum night. protecing adninis- The HuangbaoTextile Mll tration- The Yichi Middle school, _Huangbao The manage mentde- lnspca ment de, ~~The Provincial Trnfic conditin The vcbkles on paortmem Transportation Adm- and Chuankou of ex- the higbwavy are ovin inistratlon notify the andex- uankou bhust checked up by col local cvIronmnental heit and sample w protecting adminis- baust sourld b~~~~~~~~~~caiercation.n administration

In twice a year Soannx senior once in summer mcni,- Scr- COD oils highway Administra- Xihc Reservoir once In winter toring u- vice: Pb tion Bueu, locil EP Water ce in a paer nit units I oncein 3 days

-124-

I table 8-5 The Bill of Monitoring Devices unit rlwe Monar Ordinal Nantoof Devices Type (CIb tbouI Number Unit (10000 numbers aendi Yuan)

I COIntrared ray analyser OSHOHi 3.50 I gol 3.s0 2 Ultraviolet ry apectrututolmeter 0.80 1 sen 0. 0 3 liC analyser helelectron 7. Is I met 7. Ii 4 Analysibbaltice 1/10000 0.3 2 set 0.6 5 Meteorspectrometer L 0 I met 5 00 6 Atmosphereampler 0. 35 6 get 2. 10 7 Atmosphericsarnplins ptmp KB-120E 0.90 6 gt 5.40 a Soundlevelnieter Bd&K2221 2.16 4 st a.64 9 Viblcatlonanialyr fl&KZG. 76 I eat 7. 65 0 _ Monitorinjcr 20.0 _ web 20.00 i 1 Cuniputer 2.0 I sec 2.0 12 All kind. uf gims apparatus and 5.0 ToutT 67.74

8. 2 Environmental Monitoring Plan

8. 2. 1 Monitoring Agency Based on the economic analysis on self-built and appointed monitoring stations, it is suggested to consign the route monitoring to related local units, which can omit the investment on setting up traffic environmental monitoring stations. Shaanxi Provincial Senior Highway Administration Bureau should sign the consignatin contracts on environmental monitoring with the monitoring units before construction. These constracts should not only include responsibilities of both sides but also specify monitoring locations, monitoring items, monitoring time, monitoring frequency and the time for reporting monitoring data etc. The monitoring units should guarantee the monitoring qualilty, discover and report timely unusual phe- nomena of environment and find out the cuses and solutions quickly. It is suggested that Shaanxi ProvincialSenior Highway Admidnistration Bureau purchase a monitoring vehicle equipped with all kinds of monitorng devices, and with three or four pro- fessionals in order to master the situatin of atmospheric and noise pollution of all sections in time during service and to monitor pollution extent of dangerous goods leak in tine.

8 2. 2 Monitoring Plan The sensitive areas should be emphatically monitored by the envirdnmental features along the future highway. The monitoring items during construction will be TSP, noise and vibration and the monitoring items during service will be NOx,CO,TSP.,THC and noise.

- 125 - ,- ;l - -. I,'irgE

The environmental monitoring plan has two parts: construction period and service period. See respectivley in table 8-3 and in table 8-4.

8. 2. 3 Monitoring equipment and Cost The monitoring equipment needed in plan are seen in table 8-5. The total monitoring cost will be 0. 7584 mlllion yuan, of which 50 thousand yuan will be used for the monitorng during construction and 0. 7084 million yuan will be used for monitoring during service.

8. 2. 4 Staff Training and Monitoring Reporting System For execution of the monitoring plan, the monitoring stations should consult with consigned units about monitoring methods, monitoring aims and the staff training needed during construction and during service. The monitoring units should carry out the monitoring plan under contract. The reporting system is seen in Fig. 8-2-

8. 3 Traffic Accidents and Measures During Service

On high-class roads, traffic is heavy and vehicle speed is high. Abrupt accidents will badly impact road traffic and environment, especially the accidents of vehicles transporting dangerous goods will cause unestimated harm to surroundings. Therefore, to decrease and handle traffic accidents in time needs the following measures in this project. 1. Reinforce the management of vehicles and ensure vehicles in good conditions. 2. Strengthen drivers training. Prohibit after - drinking driving, fatigue driving and overtaking driving by force. 3. Vehicles transporting dangerous goods must get permission from the public security department, the fire fighting department and the transportation administration. These vehicles must be fixed with obvious signs to be monitored by highway administration staff dynamically. 4. Limit speed and prohibit dangerous goods in bad weather such as snow, fog or freezing on pavement. 5. Reinfoce the dynamic management and strengthen the effective dynamic monitoring. Handle unusual problems on sections in time. 6. Shannxi Provincial High-Class Highway Administration Bureau should organize a wel-trained accident-handle group with complete equipments to scientifically and tinely deal with the accidents of dangerous goods transportation on high-class highways in the province. 7. Once transportation accidents of dangerous goods occurs, handle as quickly as possible and contact the local public security department and the local environmental protecting department to deal with both the imnpactedarea and impacted people.

-126- nWold NationulEnvironmental EEnvinonmentil Protection Deprtew n ProtectionBureau of Comnunietion Minipiry

ProvincialEnvinonmental j EnvinomnentalPmtectin Deprtpnnt of ProtectionDawere. PJinIa ConmnuuiationDuetu

EnvinonmenalProtection P H IDepartment of city. county DProvncil SeniorHighway Adistration

Fig. 8-2 Sketch Map of The Monitoring Report Programe

127- 9 Public Participation

At the stages of prefeasibility and engineering studies for THCOH, Shaanxi Highway Reconnaissance Institute collected opinions from the local governments and their units along the highway, made a careful comparison and optimization for the route direction and put forward its recommended plan (Pian I ). In march, 1993. Shaanxi Plannig Commission held a meeting for preexamination of THCOR engineering feasibility study. Pre=amination of THCOH engineering feasibility study, present at the meeting were officials from the provincial government, Shaanxi Planning Commission, the provincial Huangling office, Shaanxi Water Conservancy Department, Shaanxi Nation-land Department, Shaanxi Forestry Depart- ment and others from the units along the highway. The meeting approved "The Engineering Feasibility Study Report for THCOH by Shaanxi Highway Reconnaissance Institute" and confirmed the recommended plan as the future practising one. In Sept. 1993, the Ministry of Communications invited some experts to discuss prelimin- arily the EA Outline in Beijing (The representatives and their opinions are in Appendix 4). In oct. 1993. the EA Group held a series of meetings for the project El among the residents from two sides of the highway, made investigations in local governments and units along the highway and conducted sampling investigation among the residents who will suffer from the highway traffic.

9. 1 Sampling Investigation among the Residents along the Highway The EA Group made a sampling investigation among the residents along the highway by delivering questionaires for their suggestions about the present highway traffic situation, the environmental and economic impact and their removal and resettlement, and also collected their suggestions for the highway construction. The group delivered 320 questionaires to the residents and got 286 valid ones (the statistical results are in table 9-1). The result shows that 86 % of the residents along this route agreed to build the highway. They think that the highway wil do a lot of good to the local economic development and hope that it will be built as soon as possible. As the highway direction can not be determined at persent, 96% of the investigated residents agree to remove according to the engineering requirment but most of them hope to be resettled locaily. The EA group investigated the schools along the Yao -Tong half-cross highway, which is in service now. The teaching environment was greatly influenced because there were no environmental protection measures. The teachers and students complained a lot and poured out a lot of objections. It is suggested that the construction unit actively take environmental protection measures to eliminate the bad imnpacton the schools.

-127- table. 9-1 Statistics of Public Suggestions about the Future Tong-Huang Highway

Percentage of vLrieties of Content of InuUgtimIetn (dp)

Macitb 6 Undertanding extent of the bighway a little 86 no

Stntlsfactln degree of the present lo .l bask4r Isatsid 6 1 trffi situntion .-

Unfawourable impact on resiential livng great 2B environment envkonment~~~~ no idea 101

c xpect to bc racstlgd In tbelr own vDabsc 51 Attitude to removal and resettlement

bvoumble 84 Rclation between the higwvay cost tuetbn . _ and lcal econonik development . _

Yes 86 Whether agree to the highway sekction no 6 no idea 4 start so a possible 88 Attitude to this highway construction poStpon the work 8

___ _. ______cance1 3 I Note : The total numnberof investigated peiaaus 286. Among them. ma,l: 189, female: 96 percentage a the person wkb diffrecnt educaion: pesons wh collge education of 16%, perns with high sthool eduction of 16%, persons with junior middle school deucation of 42%, psons with technixcalshoot educaton of 11%. person with primary school dencation or below of 23X- Perentage of the perso with different oceepations: carers of 13Y, workers of 8%. ramen of 68%.

This investigation also shows that a small part of residents investigated don't understand the removal compensation policy verv much and worried about their life after their duty fields are requisitioned. The constuction unit should do a good job in explaining removal and resettlement policy and the economic compensation policy among the local people. Questions from the local residents should be answered and their reasonable suggestions of should be adopted as much as possible.

9. 2 The Environment Consultation Activities The EA group held 3 environmental impact discussion meetings respectively in Tongehuan, Yijun and Huangling from the 12th to 14th in Oct-, 1993 with help of the local transportation administraticn. Local people's representitives and experts from the local environmental protection department, water conservancy department forestry department,

-128- transprotation department, the relics department, the urban construction departments and the local meteorological stations, totally 35 attendants, took part in the meeting. The EA group and the local transportation department introduced the route direction and the plan in details. The attendants seriously discussed the envirornmentalimpact by the project and pointed out sensitive environmental problems along the route. The main recorded points of the meeting are in table. 9-2, table 9-3, table 9-4. The following suggestions are from the disusson results of the meeting. 1. All the attedants think that this project wil greatly benefit the local economic development and the local tourism. They all support this project. 2. All the attendants think that Plan I Is a more available choice. 3. The cultural relics and historical sites should be handled cautiously. In the important areas, survey, clearance and protection should go before construction. 4. Water sources are rare in the area through which the highway wl pass. The environmental protection measures for water source of-these areas should be earnestly taken. 5. The earthwork of the project will be great. The work of spoil disposal and vegetation recovery should be done well. The channels occupied during construction should be cleared i6- fore rainy season to smooth the channels

9. 3 Suggestions from Local Governments and Concerned Units

The EA group called on local governments and some concerned units along this route in Oct., 1933, and collected their suggestions about the new highway construction (see Ap- pendix 5). The investigation results are as follows: 1. This investigation dealt with 3 municipal or county governments and 12 rural dibtrict governments. All the governments supported this project and expected it to be started as soon as possiLble. 2- All the local governments promised that they should help do the work of removal and resettlement but hoped that the famnerswould be compensated much for the removal and resettlement. They also hoped that the less farm land would be occupied as little as possible of farm land. 3. All of the concerned units supported this project and expected an early route selection so that they could take necessary measures and work out the corresponding construction plan in order to reduce the unfavourable impact on their departments to the greatest extent: 4. Ten school and hospilals along this route were investigated. They all supported the project construction but hoped that necessary noise control measures would be taken if the highway location is too closed to them.

-129- The Discussion.Meeting about Environmental table 9-2 Impact from the THCOH ( I)

Name Unit Post and rank SpedialU

JlsNiDnCall The Meteorooml Breau of Tiinear Metoorolegleial monitoring Jjao4inCal Tongehuan city

AnilE) The Environment Prtection dhctor of the Institute. En- Eu mt d Institute of Tonghuan city gsEnr.

The Environment Monitoring dector of the station Enginer Enviment. Scation of Tong tun c ety

Jixnqi The Trc Bureau of diretor of the bureu Traffic engnering

LfTngchmn The Traffc Bureau of Eg Highway engineering man- Tongchan city agement

The water conservancy Bmu Engn Water Consvancy of Tongehuin dty

Yanxiongxi- The Suburln Traffic Bureru of director of the bureau Highway Managcment no Tongdhuan city

W%VangZhl The orestory Bureau of chbuz chuanTongChuanTongChm city.. ~directorof the bureau Forsr menagetet

Zhangxhi- The Urban Traffic Bureau of Msing Tongehuan city

Ihwqai The Running water Compay of Asistant manager Provdling vater eng flhlUigil Tongehuan city

D-gYijun The His mical Relic. and director of the bureau Hisoricat elkcs protection DongYajun Tourism Bureau of Tongehuam.

The prsider: Xian Highway Tranmportatio University, The Traffic Bureau of Tong-churn City. Mcating spot: Tongehuan Guesthouse Date: Oct 14, 1993 Summary of ring: 1. Building THCOH is a projet benefitting generations, mad will be good to developing Tongehuan economy. 2. At prsent , air poRution is srious In Tongehuan city, the Tong-Huang highway wil kad the main traffic stream the remote plac It will benefit environmental protection of Tongchuan city. 3. The water source is rare in Tongehuan district. The area which the rod wil pm by lies at the upstrem. So attention mus be paled to protecting the water sounces. 4. Tbem are mnny historical relics in the area that Tong-Huang highway wIU pass by; and the value of the historical relks is very high, so much attenrion must be paid to exploration, clearing and protection. 5. Pay atention to cklarig away the river channeis in time during construction to present flod ds- inter. 6. Cear away the construction waste In time after the completion of the project and its experne Is included mnproject investment.

- 130 - Discussion meeting about Environmental *table 9-3 Impact from THCOH (I)

Name Unit PoKrand Rank Speciallty

Tianiunfa The bandBureau of Yijun The vicedirecter of the bureau Agriculture

HaangYulin The Traffic Bureauof Y3jn diector of the bureau Highway

MaJinmin The WaterProtection Bureau of vicedire_ ur of the buru Hydralim County

2henzhuqln The PublicSecrity and Traffc vicedireeror of the offic T-draicmanagement Police Office of county

Zhao- The Governmcntof Yijun coca- v de county Managemen Dongchnng ty

JilalHtning The Ofice of County Go- Cadre Administration vernmlent

uanrnsn8 ForestryBureau of Yjuancounty vke directorof the bureau Forestryadministratlmn

Guorize Peoples CongrSs of Yijun vke director Administation county

Xecyarning The Trffic Bureau of YJn vedirectof dthe buru Hghway

The Government of Blan qlao RongHeshan Townshi V| director of the two|ihip Traffic Administration

Hongxhenquo Tn s f B qiao vkevrnent director of the twonahip Traffic AdmWnistration

ZhangShenli The Traffic Bureau of county Driver Driver

HcJingy-uan The Cha6gguan Town vice scretay Party affais

The prcsider: Xib n Highway Tranportation Unvcrsity, The TrafEic Bureau of Yljn Conty. Meeting spot: The meeting hbl of Yijun county governmcnt

Summry of mteting2 t. Building Tong-Haung read hs an obvious effect on improving Y*un eoGnomy. Soat will be suppoted. 2. 'rhe route will pass by the Xbhc enaervor region. The Xibe rservior is the water resource of Yl,un town. so protection measures tnust be taken and spoil should be well chared away to prevent silt 3. The region that the route wilt pass by is ricb in rainfal and vegetation can bc esl recovered. 4. Geology s*p in the region where the route wil pas through, mnust be cautionsly handied. The blasting must be avoided when cxecavatling bilk. The hails should be digged with mccbanial equi- pcments.

-131- Discussion meeting about Environmental table 9-4 Impact from THCOH (J)

Namc Unit Poet and rank Speclity

LuaZankdu Foresy Bureau of Huangling director of the bureu Forestry magemaent

SunHonpren Cultual and Hbtorkml Relic v.: direaor of the bureau Hbtorkal relics protection

LiRiilang Hbterk ReDcs AdminIiWtion diecor of the imkstirc Historka setics protection butitutre

LinTioanmng Puble Scty and Traffic The vwiedirector of the office Traffic management Police Offic

Z bmng2hixinThe Agriculture Bureau of dhector the buan Agriatural management Muanginag -nty

CouDeUang The water conservancy Bureau leadre Hydr of Huangling county

Dangwenyi Congress of Huangling county vice director The pcpleps Reprsentiie

Lluzhongxiao The urban Construction Bu- The ic dretor of th buMu Urban enmction reart of HuangLing County

Wa|galhin XI'an Highway Transportation Einn Wangxjgn unilversity Ev mtlega-rntalennr

ZhaoMlelxn |lan Highway Transportation Envrmment enBlncainB

Meezing spot: The guestbaeeu of Huangling The Presider: Xi an Highway Transpnation University- The Traffic Bureau of Huangling County.

Meeting time2 Oct. 12, 1993. Summary of the meeting: I - The project will do good to exploiting tourism and developing economy- Thcse are all of the highway construction. 2. Highway wiMbypass Huangiing Conservative Zone. It wiU have obvious effea on the improvement of environment in the ann. 3- The traffic in the nrea wil be greatly improved and the number of the trac accidents wil be obviously reduced after project is finished- 4. The project will be harmless to HuWngling Protected Zone, but attention will be paid to the stack of spoil and the recov- cry of vegetation. 5. The Xibe River acrw andthc Qinghe River wbkh the rote win pms by rc bnchecs of Jube Rivcr. The Jobe River is the water source of Huanglng Coutnty. At present . as the Dian-tou and Yuaatou Mine ares, they are polluted. much attention uhoukd be paid to protectinB the water quality of the Xihe River and the Qinghe River. Neassry measur should be taken to prevent the watcr bom being polluted-

9. 4 Suggestions from Experts The EA group has collected suggestions from the local experts about environmental im- - 132 - * pact of this project (see Appendix 2). The experts think that this project will have some unfavourable impacts on relics, water environment, water and soil conservation and that the nin- pacts can be reduced efkctively if environumentalprotection measures are executed and reinforced.

9. 5 Summary The local governments and the local people active support this project and are willingly to cooperate in removal and resettlement. They also hope that the construction unit wil make economic compensation for the removal and resettlement according by states policy and do a good job in the environnental protection.

1 ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 13 10 Assessment Conclusion 10. I1 AssessmentConclusion The following conclusions can be made on the basis of the assessment results of en- vironmertal impact: 1. The present environmental situation in the impacted area of the project has close relation .o the distribution of industrual enterprises and mines. Man's enterprises and mines exist along the Yao-Tong section. Most of them are located beside vital communication lire. Noise pollution, atmospheric pollution and water pollution exiost to some extent. Along the section from the Mine No. 1L Wangjahe, Tongchuan to Huangling, there are industrial pollution sources but better vegetation. fresh air. and good quality w.vae:. 2. The mnainenvironmental problems during construction will be water loss and soil e.osi.n. TSP pollution and construction noise. These will be controlled and will not cause se:nus environmental problems if measures are taken. ±ne mair. environmental problems during service will be traffic noise pollution ac a de: a-e ir. environmental quality in the sensitive districts along this route. The impact e:cten: of traffic noise and tail gas will be reduced after the engineering environmental p.ntection measures are taken. = iter completion of the construction runoff on the pavement will impact the water sourc-s a!cng this route to a certain extent. This impact will be controlled after the measures are taken. Then, the degree ofthe sources of water pollution will be obviously reduced. 3. This project will have little impact on health of the local people during both construction and service. 6. There is no distribution of rare animals or plants in the assessmnentarea. Building this highw.ay will destroy the vegetation strip along this route to some extent. There- fore. the recetation will have to be recovered as soon as possible to reduce water loss and soil trosion. . There are two important relics in the area through which the future highway will pass. Building the highway will have great significance on the clearance and protection of the elics and on tourism. 8. This project was supported by the local governments during the location and plan making period. The problems of land requisition, removal. resettlement and employment etc. have been properly resolved. 9. Flood control capacity of the rivers which the highway will pass by or across will be impacted to some extent during construction. It will be necessary to clear the channels in time. Then. the flood discharge capacity of these channels will be not impacted after completion of construction. This project will have little impact on the existing agri- -134- cultural and hydraulic facilities. 10. Plan I will be better than Plan I through the comprehensive analysis of road selection . construction difficulties9 suggestions of local goverments, attitude of the local people, local industrial lay-out and developing planning. The recommended feasibility study of the project is reasonable from the environmental protection point of view. In a word. this project will have great effect on development of the local economy, improvement of the present transportation situations, improvement of the investment environment, as well as the developmentof the local tourism. Although this project can result in loss of land resources, damageof to vegetation and a decrease in environmental quality etc. at the same time, these unfavourable impacts will be reduced or even elimi- nated by relevant measures and then be accepted by the environment. As a result. this appraisal has made such a conclusionthat the project of the THCOH will be feasible.

10. 2 Environmental Sensitive Areas and Environmental Protection Measures Bv prediction analysis. the Environmentalsituation annually at sensitive spots along THCOH. and the practical measures for environmental protection show in table 10-1 and in Sketch 2. 10dB can be reduced in table 10-1 by the measures taken, which can basically meet the standards for schols and hospitals.

-135 - Table 10-la Environment Situation and measures at Sensitive Spots along THCOH

Unit RoadSide NO. Env-nmont Itemn Pile No. situation Measure (tilpage) Cm) (peson) ( 2020)

Nolbe,day73. 5dB,wer- standardnight 60. dB, Seal the baleong Cbuankou ovaratandar cm the send Dr I K95+K57 area 20 AIre CO 3. 31mg/mr our rsIdentIal

NO. 0. 07mg/nm bulgding at the first water, tap water drinking

Nolet day 60. 2dB,ovet- standard might55. 0dB, overtan- Kuangwuju 150 0 dard row nelbouringthe 2 1(95+000 150 400 dard Hospital Air: COD3. 31mg/m' highway

NO. 0. 7mg/rn' Waterstap water drinking

NoQIe,day 67. 8 dB night 54. 9dB 3 K97+500 80 800 Air: C03. 31 mg/m' work are NO.0. 07mg/rn' Water 2 tap water duing Noise,day 72. 2dB, over- standard WanLiahe night 58. IdB, o*cstan- Heighten the 4 K97+800 primary 30 dard schol wall 2m school Air. Co4. O0mgOm more- NO.: 0. 11 mg/mr

______WVater2tap water drinking

Noise: day 6S5 3dB

5 K98+K99 Wanl80ahe night 51. 4 dB township Air: C03. 33mg/mr Water: tap water drinking

Wangjhhe Noiobe:day 60. 4dB K101 Mining abe night 4ae 4dB 6 +M102 Kuangwa 200 4000 Air: c02. 82 mg/rn +1(102dKuaScwoou NO. 0. 02 mg/ran MkldleSchoolt Water: tap water drinking

- '36- Table 10-lb Environment Situation and measures at Sensitive Spots along THCOH Environment Unit Road Side NO. Item Pile Nu. Unit Slde sItuatlonul) Memure (village) (in) Cenon) l(n2020)

NHset day 65. 3 dB

7 X104+300 Cuojlre 104+300 ti87 night 61. OdB Air: C03. 2mg/M' Watewrtap water drinking

FengUiahe Noeles day 61. edB PeX105Fcngjiahe 160 575 night 47. 7dB 8 K(105 PemujIahe 160 100 Air, C02. 82mg/n Set up alliter weil prLkawyschool sWaterg rivulet drinking Neose: day 69. 2dB Banjlegon niht 54. MB. vecr tan- 9 K1116 village 30 g0 dard Heighten the +200 Bangegau 30 Air: C03. 28mg/m' schoolwill Primary school NO.0. 08img/rn Water, tap water drinkinst

Nobe: day 67. CdB, over- standard nIght 51. 8 dB. Kiujiahe pWanp7 s0 380 ovetandard Heighten the

s1heol 50 30 AMr: C02. 94mg/mn schoolwaii N0.60 04mg/tn" Water: Rivulet drinking

Noise: day 61. 2dB nIht Shiou vilagc 46. 3dB 11 Ki2 ShilouShilon 160 3 Air: C02. 96mg/m' Set up a lter well PrimmySchool NO., 0. 03mg/m' Water: Rivult drinking

Noise: day 63. 8dB night2 48. 8dB 12 K134 Qinjahe vmage 100 463 m Set up a filter weUl Air CO 2. 96mg/m' Water. River drinking Noise: day 69. 2dB, over- standard night 54. 3dB, overvtan- 13 K1135 Yarmeovge 30 409 dard Air: C02. 94tmg/M' NO. 0. 04mg/m'

. ______W ater: Riverdrinking

-137- Table I 0-Ic Environment Situation and measuresat SensitiveSpots along THCOH

Unit Red dbtnneD NO. Environnl Item ?Pile No. pUedistante situalon Mamure _C(vililige)(m) inon) (in 2020) _Nellkday OIL ddB,ever- stuandard YangJlaplng 14villnge K3 30 0 niBt* 53. 4dB, everutan- leighten the 14 K 133 Yangjlllpne 30 279 daud School waU Yangjlaping so307 Airs COt 94mg/m' Set up a filter weol primaryuwbool NO. D. 04mg/m'

Water, River drinking

Water, COI. 7mg/L 15 K 139 IOC OIl,01L3mg/L. Roaeroir Pb 0. 02mg/L

NoIse, day 60. IdB Shanjisbo Shanjinbe ~~~~night43. 2dB 16 K 141 vllage 200 606 AWr C03. 8Img/lm Setup a ilter weU Slianjiabo 200 43 PrimatySehool Waters Rnverdrinking

Noahe,day 67. OdB 336 Air, cot3 77mg/mr 17 K153 Xlanniaquvilag 40 82 Airs Cot 77mg/m' Set up a filtet woU NO.O. 08mg1/ Water, River drkiking Neboetday 72. 4dBover- standard night 60. 0 dB, overstan- 18 ;75-K77 30 dard county Air: COt 00mg/rn'

NO.O. 07mg/rn2

_ Water, tap water driiking

Nose, day 67. ndB Fengjiaoqiao night 54. 3dB, ovastan- 19 K31 vIllge 80 dud Fengjlqlao 100 Air C02. 91mg/m' Primary NO. 0. 06mg//m` - Water, tap waterdrinking

-138- Table 10-ic Environment Situation and measures at Sensitive Spots along THCOH

Unit Rusd Side NO. Envbement Item Pile No. situation Measure (villagc) (.)0 (person) (in 2020)

Nolmi day 72. 4doB or- standard Dan gjlab vlavginght 30 S0. 0deDovertan- 20 K82 Dougjabe primary dad Set up a filter well school Air, C03. 00Mg/m3 NO. 0. 07mg/mrs

______Water, tap water drinking Noieo day 73. 2dB, over-

nIght 61. fdB, oventan- 21 K85-Kgg Huangbu Town 20 dard Airg CO 2. 95mg/rmn NO. 0. 07mg/rm ______Walerstap water drinking Noise: day 71. deB.over- standard Cenment factery night lL 7dB, avermtan- Asv uter or- so e~~~~~~~~~~~'tn between the 22 K141 quarer ylchl 40 240 dard f an the middle school Akrt C03. 08mg/m" hool adt NOX 0. 08mg/m' highway

______Water, ta water drnking

-139- Appendix I.

The Main Reference Materials 1. "the Engineering Feasibility Study of Tongchuan-Huangling First-class High- way"by the Highway Survey and Design Institute of Shaanxi Province in Nov. 1993. 2. 'the Environmental Impact Report of Sanyuan Tongehuan First-class Highway' by Xi'an Transportation University in Oct. 1989. 3. "the State Land Resources of Tongchuan " by the Planning Committee of Tongchuan City in May, 1989. 4. "the Annual of Tongchuan City-1992"by the Tongchuan Municipal Statistical Bureau in May,1993. 5. "the Annual of Yijun County-1992M by the Statistical Bureau of Yijun County in Mar. .1993. 6. "the Annual of Huangling County-1999'by the statistical Bureau of Hluangling County in Mar. , 1993. 7. "the Four Decades of Tongchuan"by the Statistics Publishing House of China in Sep.- 1989. 8. -the Agriculture Regional Division of Tongchuan City"by the Agriculture Region- al Division Cormnittee of Tongchuan city in 1990. 9. "the Agricultural Resources Investigation and Agriculture Regional Division Re- port of Yijun County"by the Agricultural Area Planning Committee of Yijun County in Mar. .1987. 10. "the Regional DivisionReport of Water and Soil Conservation of Yiiun County by the Hydraulic Administration of Yijun County. 11. 'the Land Resources of Huangling County"by the Agriculture Regional Division Committee of Huangling County. 12. "the Forestry Regional Division of Yan'an Administrative Area"by the Regional Division office of Yan'an Forestry Administration in Mar. .1987. 13. "The Regional Division Design of Tongehuan Forestry"by the Tongchuan Mu- nicipal Forestry Administration in Oct. .1986. 14. "the Repairing planning and Design of Huang Di MausoleumXby Xi'an Metallur- gical Architecture Institute in Jul. ,1993. 15. "the Agricultural Resources Investigation and Agriculture RegionalDivision Col- lection of Huangling County"by the Agriculture Regional Division Committee of Huan- gling County in Sep. 1989. 16. "the Rules and Regul:.tions of Relics"by the Law Sporead Leading Group office of Shaanxi Province in Oct. .1992. 17. "the Soil Element Background value of China"by the Environmental Science Publishing House of China in 1990.

-140- Appendix 2. The Impacts on the mausoleum of the yellow Emperor because of the Construction of Tong - Huang First - class Highway and the Measures to be Taken.

The mausoleum of HuangDi. located in the Huangling county in Shaanxi province, is the mausoleum of Xuanyuan. founder of the Chinese nation. Since ancient- times, it has been an important place for past dynasties and masses to offer sacrifices to their ancestor and pay homage to Huangdi. With the extending and deepening of open reform, the number of our compatriots from home and broad to pay homage to Huangdi have increased steadily. But bicause of the narrowness of the sacrifical place, the simplicity of the buildings and the inconvenience of the traffic, a strong reaction has been erovked a- mong the people from home and abroad. Under the initiatioa and care of leaders of the control authorities, a systematic and over all general program has been made from 1990 directed by the reluted provincial departments and the specialists all over the country. Presently. the planning and designing outline of building Huangdi Mausoleum and The Gerneral planning as the directory documents for the rivised outline of Huangling Town construction in Huangling area have been approved and carried out. The engineering of rebuilding the mausoleum of Huangdi is being prepared and has retained general attention and support. As comrade Li Ruihuan pointed out that rebuilding and protecting the mausoleum of Huangdi have practical and historic significance to the dissemination of the old-age historic culture of Chinese nation and the inspiration of the nations unity. The construction of TongHuang first-class highway will play an important role in improving the traffic conditions,developing the economy,cultural and tourist undertaking, extending the influeace of Huangling county and it will also provide conveniences for the compatriots from ho me and abroad to pay homage to Huangli,and have an active role in the u- mfication of China. Since the mausoleum of Huangdi has so great a historical position and practical significance. definite rules and reg ilations for protecting the mausoleum of Huangdi have been made for many times by the related departments in the country and the provincial government- The major task in the general programme is to preserve the cultural relics and to improve the environmental conditions in the mousoleum and it has stipulated the limits of the mausoleum of Huangdi conservative zone and detailed measures for protecting cultural relics and improving environment conditions have been made out. And spe- cific requirements of building the mausoleum area have been stipulated. All these are to create an atmosphere of grand, solemn, respectful.simple and unsophisticated in the sacred place of miiausoleumof Huangdi. The major suppose and requirements to organize the traffic, and improve the traffic conditions outside the mausoleum are as follows: 1. the frontiers around Huangling County will be built outside the mausoleum conva- - 141 - tive zone and the roads at present in mausoleumarea except the road section which connect the frontiers will all become tourism routes. 2; Vehicles with heavy pollutants can not enter into the Huangling mausoleum conservative zone except those needed in Huangling County. 3. Specialtraffic regulations will be made and inspection spots will be set up to control various pollution brought by trains porfatry In 1993, the incident of Majiashan road section which "-roughtgreat damage to the whole landscape in the mousoleum of Huangdi was dealt with sternly by the provincial government. The provincialgovernment took every possible measure to recover and shelter the Yintaishan road section which has been destroyed. but it has brought about millions of yuan's loss. At present. because of unchecked development of Construction and the irrational distribution of industry in the towans, the landscape and ecologicalenviromnent in Huan- gling County and the mausoleum of Huangdi have aggrivated greatly and had a tendency of extendig and developing. 1. Atmosphere pollution: According to the monitor result in the county, the mausoleum of Huangdi and Xuongyuan temple. the TSP values exceed the national criterion. of which county area exceed as much as 2. 8 times; the mausoleum of Huangdi exceed 1. 4 times and X':an Yuan temple area exceed 2. 47 times. The main causion of pollution as that the amount of dust and smoke is too much. And the increasig of traffic is one of the major factors. 2. Water quality pollution :Juhe river is a main part in the mauloleum area. Accord- ing to the monitor report, COD value which have heavy impacts on the water quality in Juhe river much exceeding the criterion at the upstream of the river, of which from the section, west of the county of Hujiawan ,exceedsthe criteton for as much as 2 times. The content of phenol, lead and copper in Jianshan section exceed the criterion and the volatiliziay phenol even exceed criterion 5. 4 times. The main reason is that the waste water from Diantoumine area and more than ten coalminesand factories are drained into the river without being disposed. The ground water is also a little polluted. 3. Noise pollution Noise in the mausoleum is from visitors, pedlers and highway and railway traffic, all of which exceed the admited criterion in mausleum area. Especially, the noise from transportation vehicles is serious and it lasts day and night in the towns. The pollution factors above have heavy impacts on the environment and the people's life in mausoleum area. espeically on the growth of millions of ancient trees. Because of atmosphere pollution. the pinetrees have been covered with dust and harmful substances which make the trees yellow and many ancient trees with thousands of years died;because of water pollution and the decrease of water sources in the mousoleum area, many kinds of disease have occured on the pinetrees;because of atmosphere and noise pollution, the original 38 kinds of wild animal have decreasedrapidly. Especially. 22 kinds of birds have almost become extinct and thus the harmful insects in the pinetrees have lost - 142- their natural enemies so that the insect pests are serious and large-scale of plague of insects happens almost every year in recent years. Therefore. the factors above which have impacts on the ecologial situations should be fully considered in the construction of TongHuang first-class highway and measures should be taken to control and reduce pollution environment in Huangdi mausoleum conservative area and other unfavourable impacts because of high speed traffic. I a. According to the requirements of the general planning of Huangdi mausoleum rebuilding, the tocation of Tong-Huang first-class highway must be away from the Huangdi mausoleum conservative zone. And according to the requirements of 'The Gen- eral planning rivised outline in Huangli Town', it should be fully considered that the town and industrial areas will be moved westward gradually and then scheme comparison should come out. Presently. the location scheme is appropriate in the Tiger Tail - Kangyandi better than in ZhangZhai,which is not far enough frrom the Huanli Town. The Northern route should be located outside the mausoleum area, at least 1-2 km away from conservative zone (South of Meryjayuan). I . Efficient measures should be taken to reduce the pollution at upstream of Juhe river by the Construction and life waste in the construction of Tong-Huang first-class highway. And the need to prevent flood in river course should be also considered in building viaducts. - . Dust, harmful gas and noise should be reduced as possible after the highway is completed. At the road sections near mausoleum area, the control of traffics , the whistles of vihicles cover the substances flowing and drifting easily. People who violate the rules should be punished. N . Set up traffic and environmental pollution monitor spots in the mausoleum area and report the pollution condition to the administration department the mausoleum on time. V . The management, service and life buildings along the highway should be coordi- nated with the whole environment in the mausoleum area. UI. The grade of the road which connects Huangling town, mausoleum area and ex- pressway should not below the criterion of second-class highway. The construction of Tong-Huang first-Class highway has significant importance, so taking measures to reduce the pollution in Huangdi mausolemu conservation is a great event throughout the years. Provincial Huangdi mausoleum rebuilding administration office is a special organization for coordinating rebuilding work deposed by provincial government and it will be of great help and support in the construction of Tong-Huang first-class highway. Jan,29,1994.

-143 - Suggestions about Tong-Huang Highways's Impacts on Cultural relics

The road sections from Yaoxian to Tongchuan along the future Tong- Huang first class highway will be built according to the present half-cross pavement. The sections from Tongchuan to Huuanglingwill pass through Wangiahe, Banjiegou and Xihegou. The major ruins along the route are Yangshugou remains, the ruins of middle school farmland in Jijian Company(the New Stone Age),Qianmao (3 ruins, Malian tafa ruins(jin- Suoxiang). Xiaohegou ruins, Tanchaogou ruins(Shang and Zbou Dynasties)Shigouliang runis. the periphery of yuhua Palace ruins. (Tang Dynasty), Jinsuoguan ruin(from song Dynasty Qing Dynasty) Rengzu tomb, Hejiachang tomb groups of Hang dynasty, Zoumaliary tomb groups of Han dynasty, Zhichang tomb groups of Hang dynasty. Pery cun Grottoes. Huashi ya (Song Dynasty), etc. Keep clear of relics during location if possible and if it can not be done, carry out the relics survey in Yaoxian zhouku section and Wangjiahe section before the construction and dear and protect the relics properly to avoid the impacts on relics.

Yao xtan Cultural Relics Cultural Bureau Liang yian, Yang jian nong May,9,1994.

-144 - Appendix 3

Documents from National Environmental Protection Bureau and department The reply letter of suggestions of Environmental Impacts Appraisal out line Investi- gation about Tongehuang HuangLi Frt- class h4ighwaythe World Bank Loan Shaanxi Provincial CommunicationsDepartment. We have received CommunicationProject Docu- ment 110(1993) of ShaanuxiProvince after consideration, the reply letter of investigation suggestions to the World Bank loan project "Tongehuan-Huangling Class-one High- way Environmental Impacts Appraisal Outline"(Abreviated as Appraisal outline in the following). is as follows: I :The Appraisal outline accords with the standard demands and the scheme made out according to the highway construction characteristics and local is basically practical and it is approved to carry out the work according to the World Bank Loan schedule arrangement. The reluted detailed demands will be determined after the on - the - spot survey by our bureau. I . The related appraisal scope and criterion should be carried out after being approved by local environmentalprotection bureau. it . In appraisal work, pollution control scheme in construction and the measures for reducing envirommental impacts in operation should be made out respectively according to their different environmentalimpacts, and investment estimate should be made out at the same time. IV.The demands of environmental appraisal in the loan project should be fully considered in determiningthe writing form and the related from contents of the report book. Do the work of letting public participating in properly. V . The Reported appraisal funds is approved. (Investigation cost is not included) Dec. 28,1993 There Words :traffic highway environmental impacts outline letter of reply Send a duplicate to: Communication Department Enviromment Office, Sbaanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau,Xi'an

145 - Apiendix 4 Opinions from MAsses along the Higkway

__I ______

I i1i . FTO.w

TOAw¢ I_____

~ I I______I_,' ______1ft9iiftJ

______IA .~ ._:'-----1~ ~~_____

- 146C- Appendix 4 Opinions from Massesalong the Hlighway

_ _ _ _ tt S r ----

______1 11uRE 1*

O~*l~&mtfa9sU~A _____

*~ ~ XSt11;*___t

I LrvmI

.M. 7 *M-

-147- Appendix 4 Opinions from MvIassesalong the Highway

____~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~_ r z~ 1 E3~~ ~~1

AM~~~~T XegElbtJ :ltlWTig

S I-- tR I A-

;IL _ _ _ _ _ --- JR 1 - m i i03li

qi / 7geS _ __ _ '7 l XwsBRett , 'FO

!~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - l*TPM - M1~~TO

§SeAsfl%"ffiW ut ,

148_ -_ -q. ? .. 4r-3 -- X

Appendix 4 Opinions from Masses along the Iligltway

3-L7-

*02

AWEN/Ait1I P-N. ;FMA

PIS~

| t~ 149~ ~~- . 19{

aTA49I ~~ 44~~' I_____L__

a A;3fl T I __ __RT Md I I x,E I______

T3 --CZ 144 tp41t9 WAbt

I TFT-m

_ _ _ _ _ ~ W. I v'

l ~ffI _

. V

. I MSI__ __

MER%25t"zA- l150 Appendix O.pinions !ror I.oczl Governmentnnd ConcernedUnit

t~ ~~I 4*Wi't# RTRtN3EA i ___

;:,L it

7VT*A3kRt *{k*RIVI _3A_ _ .. ,l /-t

ffnittr'vi J4A iik A4A iASf

~*fflMt .-& UŽltAY4 fR ' 'ft 'i4}1"

.. f *+i>-w0u£t1S UMhoal

b~~~ ~~ 151 -t tW Stw 61fA' Appendix S. Opinionsfrom I.ocal Government and Concerned Unit

%f. ~ ~ [ ______~A ^,, .

~~AP# ~ 1 JA0 ?±i,AA^SA

ME1 XR; v\*4a MM4 j14,-15 -0 _____ ,4VVJ& I_ _W .q _ . ., %.g. :.ki .nsak.a s>. V-*

Appenrdix3. Opininnsfrom lIocn)Government and Concerned I nit

/ t /L

x§SIA**"t .. 7)y %( tJLX.JUB8l1;8Ati±4

H14A-2g #3---/IV -

;ati~~~~~~153A>&§ U$t

mmmomon!£ X it * z l2. ijlW %tgX' tA3e mi-1;te-, --. 1 - -~ : ,

mm ,-- '-t .

1)a NO. SpilQo1ll(k.') D. NO. M. -...

(1 1.331 ETZ co

q4 549 T . ,bl 'f *'

qi 227 Ti -boy - w qi 229 TG cly -

q7 619 T7 cly 1 $01 n .~~~~~~~qi 423 @Ti . clyBorwSiea.spiV . a

qI2 299 T12 cly-z5.}

qIl 114 TN4 cly g,z - f - - y;

TI clay Graphical Symbol

-- … ~~~~~Dai_nRoto - ~ City Cooty ______-NRvc

- Sonic Highwyo Tawnip Tow Tronparaoao Dco c=_so Road to be Fin

- S-ro So-Sp.c A-e

Sktetc I 1 Borrow and Sp~eg Area Locations and Material Transportation Route alonig THCOH~ GmPhical *jnbol

AirrA.11itor Sp.t d SPr (9D:. !""'! O" 'tdQuur-iln',

(D lir M niI.r S;t Urfng: Water Quality Mm! JiRbl C.Intruct.1, E)SP.L during C.mtructi-I

N.&r Nfnlt.r SP.E V ibrati- Mniter Sp.t dulilg Se'Acc W during Cunstmctin N.i.- M.nitor SPW Oil Imulting all-d during Cmtructi-h DtWjting B-i.

T.,Hisht- will T. Set up Clsed

Crid, X

T. S.t up S..,W Pr-fl Fifte Wlnd,,

VI A-- RA >

MM.

Ls= 500 630

M Ix. n IVJ%,I% JE

f 51

I 1A

14'

VA') 90

1IF,V-.

f 6

,ImW MNr--- ~~~~~~~'~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~r

along THCOH (Tongehuan-HuangLing) and Environmental protection Measure Location Sketch 2 Environmeni Supervision Location C ,s~~~~~~~~gt49~ 91z,

Sketch2 Enironment Supernsion Location and Enviroan,entul ProtectionlMmasure Location along THCOH (Yaoxian-Tongchuan)] Graphilcal Symnbol

'-TCr--Day 70dB Noce IaoIItn(2020 year) T C uliH

0 -|4-Da$0ds oSoleleotlnet2 2O year) (D {U Iiig;hknI|bXg I~~T I fgiti

Li gL £ . .-- 55-- Night 55dDNotse rsouine? TSutt3 uprs /% g

2 0 . 5#-- NIght 60dB Noise Isailne( 02 year)

:ttl(fPu Location tChuankouArea) Skelch NoiseIsolijog JL[ustraton atSensitive I Spot and Antinoise)kasurc ~~~~~~~~~~~~~l d,

I I L I _W H_ , _

Sketchi3 Mi(I: !.i:~t1i~:..;l al Si,.'fl %tc,S1 ot andAntf{nols&Masurc Location (ClIuankou Area) -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-

kit

i .1 l s c00aSl unA o ar(n LV 3~~~!L1-i?N m-ii

CChuankoutArea) 3 ~o~u!EustaLi,n o.io a Scsflivc potan: AntinoiseMekasure 1.ocation ..; It~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

tiX::~~~~~~~~~~f

.UIl- ,G .-4 'I I *.1 Ian xI U. L

ChuankouArea) SensftiveSp6t and Antinoise!,easure Location L Sctch1 .Nisc15o0.ine Lttustration at ------'*- _____~~~-

0 :0

' :'

*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~_

1 *' I~

I T Spot and AntinoiseMeasureLocation (Wan9jialle!.iddle E W.'1 &-,hoo') 6kctcli3 No sr :~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~YAA!M!in,' ittwtraLion at Sensitive ._. . . i I

1,~~~~~~~~~~~-1 l.i. . Pt______: .__ ._._-,______

______N. I

.71 ..

Ad . . -

1- e*:

Sketch3 Nokosikulinn I Elin:traLioial SenslliveSpoU d AntLnoisellaSUreLocalion ~(Viaogjahe Area) .i.;

_'I. X ~~~! \~~~~~~~~~~~- ~ ~ ~ ~~:*

L!L~L ILdIj.:.~LL - '--

.r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*

e T ......

..... 1 *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...-..-.-.--.-±-.---I-.---~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... 11

octin(Tn urauAra tSniieSo1I.finrl an nio. Mesue Sktc 3 N 1is itoi.r !tistr41Don

clbngchuanMineral Bureau Area).iX Sketch3 Noise!so[inec Utuistrdianol al Scnsilive Spol and Anliroi~Sieasurc l.ocation sRctcIi3 NoiscIsobiic ILtistraLio at Sensitive Spot and,Atinoisc Measure LoatlIon Congehuan Mineral BGrcaiuArea) pg~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~p

~~~~~~~~~~~~~2F.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Sketch3 Noiso isotino Iltustration atSensitive Spotand AvtinoIse )~asurc Location (OuoJIabs Vitlage) 0

* V , 7~~~oo

3ktcNnisc IsolUne Illustration atSensltivo Spotand AntUnoise IWasure Location (Aibo Vitlage). -a ~~ ~ ~~ -

.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~~~~~~~~~~~

.r ,4. .=~~,

MSatchI3 Nniscisoline ILLustration atSensitive Spot and Antinoise1kasure Location (anjiegou) * * *_Z _ __- 14

-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5-

.~~~~~~

ii._ :~~~~~~ :

: Skei~h~ N Is sotineIl.tustration al SensiliveSpol and Antinoise ?kasurcLocation (Shitou village) I) V *. .%.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... -- g~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~N*.<~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~afQv~~~~~~~~~~y \ N ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ IN9

Ar~~~~~ . -

tz~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I

.-k-, .01 j" .ON -;- . 4 ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -

(QinjiaheVillage) L 3 NoiY2Isoline IlustrationLiSketc *LSens5itivc Spol and Antinolso leasure Locatlon Li~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i

'>2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... ~~~ ____k. ~~~~~-...

I.t. I- t

AnltinolOse;kasureLocationCinjaig Sket os 10.ucItisrainaLSnsLveStand .10~~~~~~~~~~~~~

f~~ '' t

reLoca tion oiaxiIu) tustration a t S ensiv oS po and A ntinoise 'lksu S1zctch'~ 'oi~O isot i z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ali