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Macedonian Kings, Egyptian Pharaohs the Ptolemaic Family In
Department of World Cultures University of Helsinki Helsinki Macedonian Kings, Egyptian Pharaohs The Ptolemaic Family in the Encomiastic Poems of Callimachus Iiro Laukola ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be publicly discussed, by due permission of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Helsinki in auditorium XV, University Main Building, on the 23rd of September, 2016 at 12 o’clock. Helsinki 2016 © Iiro Laukola 2016 ISBN 978-951-51-2383-1 (paperback.) ISBN 978-951-51-2384-8 (PDF) Unigrafia Helsinki 2016 Abstract The interaction between Greek and Egyptian cultural concepts has been an intense yet controversial topic in studies about Ptolemaic Egypt. The present study partakes in this discussion with an analysis of the encomiastic poems of Callimachus of Cyrene (c. 305 – c. 240 BC). The success of the Ptolemaic Dynasty is crystallized in the juxtaposing of the different roles of a Greek ǴdzȅǻǽǷȏȄ and of an Egyptian Pharaoh, and this study gives a glimpse of this political and ideological endeavour through the poetry of Callimachus. The contribution of the present work is to situate Callimachus in the core of the Ptolemaic court. Callimachus was a proponent of the Ptolemaic rule. By reappraising the traditional Greek beliefs, he examined the bicultural rule of the Ptolemies in his encomiastic poems. This work critically examines six Callimachean hymns, namely to Zeus, to Apollo, to Artemis, to Delos, to Athena and to Demeter together with the Victory of Berenice, the Lock of Berenice and the Ektheosis of Arsinoe. Characterized by ambiguous imagery, the hymns inspect the ruptures in Greek thought during the Hellenistic age. -
An Analysis of Egypt's Foreign Policy During the Saite Period
AN ANALYSIS OF EGYPT'S FOREIGN POLICY DURING THE SAITE PERIOD by JULIEN BOAST A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of MPHIL(B) in EGYPTOLOGY Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity School of Historical Studies The University of Birmingham September 2006 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract This study consists of an analysis of Egyptian foreign policy during the Saite period (including the reign of Necho I), and also briefly examines the actions of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty in order to establish the correct context. Despite the large gaps in the historical record during this period, judicious use of sources from a number of different cultures allows the historian to attempt to reconstruct the actions of the time, and to discuss possible motivations for them, seeking to identify concerns linking the foreign policy of all the Saite kings. Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to thank the Arts and Humanities Research Council, whose support has been vital in the undertaking of this study. I would also like to thank Dr. -
The Gift of the Nile Egypt
Egypt The Gift of the Nile Egypt Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Nubia Early History • Pre-Dynastic • Cultural development from at least 5000 BC. • First hieroglyphic scripts date to ca. 3400 • First Dynastic Period • 1st Dynasty 3150 – 2125 BC • 2nd Dynasty 2925 – 2700 BC • An homogenous, distinct, Egyptian culture. • Afro Asiatic is the parent language of Semitic. Old Kingdom 2700 – 1552 BC: 3rd to 12th Dynasties • 3rd Dynasty 2700 – 2625 • Pyramid of Djoser at saqqara Old Kingdom 4th Dynasty 2625 – 2510 Pyramids at Giza Established the nomes system Giza Giza Giza Khufu Khafre Sphinx Menkaure Old Kingdom • 5th – 8th Dynasties • 2510 - 2180 • 9th – 10th Dynasties • 2180 – 2040 • 9th and 10th Dynasties, capital at Herakleopolis • 11th Dynasty capital at Thebes (Luxor) • Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by Mentuhotep II: 2040. 10th and 11th Dynasties Sais Memphis 10th Dynasty capital at Herakleopolis Herakleopolis 11th Dynasty capital at Thebes Thebes (Luxor) Middle Kingdom • Middle Kingdom 2040 – 1991 • 12th Dynasty 1991 – 1783 • The Classical Period of Egyptian history • Ammenemes I 1991 – 1962 • Seized the throne from Mentuhotep IV. • Official court moved from Thebes to Memphis • Sesostris I 1971 – 1926 • Began construction of the temple complex at Karnak The 12th Dynasty ends in decades of internal competition such that the 13th and 14 Dynasties are lost to obscurity 12th Dynasty Sais Memphis 10th Dynasty capital at Herakleopolis Herakleopolis 11th Dynasty capital at Thebes Karnak Thebes Hyksos Period Sais Hyksos – Lower Egypt Memphis -
Aegyptiannamesfemale.Pdf
Aahotep Fareeza Kesi Mukantagara OJufemi Sobkneferu Aat Fayrouz Khamaat Mukarramma Olabisi Sopdu Abana Femi Khamereernebty Muminah Olufemi Sotepenre Abar Fukayna Khamerernebty Mut Omorose Sponnesis Acenath Gehane Khasnebu Mutemhab Oni Sslama Adjedaa Gilukhepa Khedebneithireretbeneret Mutemwia Oseye Stateira Afshan Habibah Khenemet Mutemwiya Pakhet Subira Ahhotep Hafsah Khensa Mutneferu Panya Suma Ahhotpe Halima Khent Mutnefret Pasht Sutailja Ahmose- Meryetamun Hapu Khenteyetka Mutnodjme Pebatma Tabes Ahmose-Nefertiri Haqikah Khentkaues Mutnodjmet Peksater Tabesheribet Ahmose Hasina Khentkawes Muttuy Peshet Tabesheritbet Ahwere Hathor Khepri Muyet Phoenix Tabia Ain Hatnofer Khnemetamun Nabirye Pili Tabiry Ajalae Hatshepsut Khnumet Naeemah Pipuy Tabubu Akila Hebeny Khonsu Nailah Ptolema Taheret Alexandria Hehenhit Khutenptah Nait Ptolemais Tahirah Amanishakheto Hehet Kissa Nakht Qalhata Tahpenes Amenemopet Henetmire Kiya Nakhtsebastetru Qemanub Taimhotep Amenia Henhenet Koss Naneferher Quibilah Tairetdjeret Amenirdis Hentempet Kthyopia Nany Rabiah Tais Amenkhenwast Hentmira Lapis Nathifa Rai Taiuhery Amenti Henttawy Layla Naunakht Ramla Takhaaenbbastet Amessis Henttimehu Lotus Naunakhte Rashida Takharu Amosis Hentutwedjebu Maahorneferure Naunet Raziya Takhat Amunet Henut Maalana Nebefer Reddjedet Takheredeneset Amunnefret Henutdemit Maat Nebet Rehema Tale Anat Henutmehyt Maatkare Nebetawy Renenet Talibah Anhai Henutmire Maatneferure Nebethetepet Renenutet Tamin Anhay Henutnofret Maetkare Nebethut Reonet Tamutnefret Anippe Henutsen Mafuane -
Clarity Chronology: Egypt's Chronology in Sync with the Holy Bible Eve Clarity, P1
Clarity Chronology: Egypt's chronology in sync with the Holy Bible Eve Clarity, p1 Clarity Chronology This Egyptian chronology is based upon the historically accurate facts in the Holy Bible which are supported by archaeological evidence and challenge many assumptions. A major breakthrough was recognizing Joseph and Moses lived during the reigns of several pharaohs, not just one. During the 18th dynasty in which Joseph and Moses lived, the average reign was about 15 years; and Joseph lived 110 years and Moses lived 120 years. The last third of Moses' life was during the 19th dynasty. Though Rameses II had a reign of 66 years, the average reign of the other pharaohs was only seven years. Biblical chronology is superior to traditional Egyptian chronology Joseph was born in 1745 BC during the reign of Tao II. Joseph was 17 when he was sold into slavery (1728 BC), which was during the reign of Ahmose I, for the historically accurate amount of 20 pieces of silver.1 Moses (1571-1451 BC) was born 250 years after the death of the Hebrew patriarch, Abraham. Moses lived in Egypt and wrote extensively about his conversations and interactions with the pharaoh of the Hebrews' exodus from Egypt; thus providing a primary source. The history of the Hebrews continued to be written by contemporaries for the next thousand years. These books (scrolls) were accurately copied and widely disseminated. The Dead Sea Scrolls contained 2,000 year old copies of every book of the Bible, except Esther, and the high accuracy of these copies to today's copies in original languages is truly astonishing. -
Cipro Publication
CIPRO PUBLICATION 31 December 2009 Publication No. 201007 Notice No. 23 ( REGISTRATIONS ) Page : 1 : 201007 DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY NOTICE IN TERMS OF SECTION 26 (3) OF THE CLOSE CORPORATIONS ACT, 1984 (ACT 69 OF 1984) THAT THE NAMES OF THE CLOSE CORPORATIONS MENTIONED BELOW, HAVE BEEN STRUCK OFF THE REGISTER OF CLOSE CORPORATIONS AND THE REGISTRATION OF THEIR FOUNDING STATEMENTS HAVE BEEN CANCELLED WITH EFFECT FROM THE DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THIS NOTICE. R.J.MATHEKGA REGISTRAR OF CLOSE CORPORATIONS DEPARTEMENT VAN HANDEL EN NYWERHEID KENNISGEWING INGEVOLGE VAN ARTIKEL 26 (3) VAN DIE WET OP BESLOTE KORPORASIES, 1984 (WET 69 VAN 1984), DAT DIE NAME VAN DIE BESLOTE KORPORASIES HIERONDER GENOEM VAN DIE REGISTER VAN BESLOTE KORPORASIES GESKRAP IS EN REGISTRASIE VAN HUL STIGTINGSVERKLARINGS GEKANSELLEER IS MET INGANG VAN DIE DATUM VAN PUBLIKASIE VAN HIERDIE KENNISGEWING R.J.MATHEKGA REGISTRATEUR VAN BESLOTE KORPORASIES Page : 2 : 201007 Incorporation and Registration of Close Corporations • Inlywing en Registrasie van Beslote Korporasies ENTERPRISE No. ENTERPRISE NAME DATE B2009219170 A AND M BED AND BREAKFAST 01/12/2009 B2009219171 GUJA FUNERAL UNDERTAKERS 01/12/2009 B2009219172 MBENYANE CONSTRUCTION 01/12/2009 B2009219173 SIKHOSANA METAL WORK AND WELDING 01/12/2009 B2009219174 UYANDA PAVING SERVICES 01/12/2009 B2009219175 HOUSE OF WEARNERS 01/12/2009 B2009219176 FALATSA TRADING ENTERPRISE 01/12/2009 B2009219177 SHAALIAH FASHIONS 01/12/2009 B2009219178 SITHUNGA NGENYAMEKO GENERAL TRADING 01/12/2009 B2009219179 CUPID'S SPICE SHOP -
The History of Female Empowerment I: Regna
The History of Female Empowerment I: Regna December 7, 2019 Category: History Download as PDF One of the most significant neolithic societies of south-eastern Europe (in what would later be Dacia / Transnistria) is now known to archeologists as the Cucuteni-Trypillian civilization, which subsisted from the 6th to early 3rd millennium B.C. Their culture was overtly matriarchal; and their godhead was a female. The next major civilization (from c. 2600 B.C. to c. 1100 B.C.) was that of the Minoans, primarily located on Crete. That was also a predominantly matriarchal culture. The Minoans worshipped only goddesses (a precursor to Rhe[i]a–inspiration for the mythical princess, Ariadne). The enfranchisement of women goes back to the Bronze Age. Notable were the Sumerian “naditu”: women who owned and managed their own businesses. This is a reminder that mankind is a work-in- progress, making advancements in fits and starts. Such cultural saltations often occur pursuant to revolutionary movements; but sometimes civility is–as it were–baked into the cultural fabric by some serendipitous accident of history. To assay the empowerment of women across history and geography, let’s begin by surveying five ancient societies. Ancient Bharat[a] (India): Even as it was addled by the precedent of “varna” (a de facto caste system), the majority of women had a right to an education. Indeed, literacy was encouraged amongst both men and women; and it was even common for women to become “acharyas” (teachers). In the Cullavagga section of the “Vinaya Pitaka” (ref. the Pali Canon), Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) declared that women are every bit as capable of achieving enlightenment as are men. -
Terminology and Chronology
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48208-0 — The Archaeology of Egypt in the Third Intermediate Period James Edward Bennett Excerpt More Information CHAPTER ONE TERMINOLOGY AND CHRONOLOGY he period 1078/6–664 bce is commonly known as the ‘Third TIntermediate Period’ (the Twenty-First to Twenty-Fifth Dynasty). The once unified government in the preceding Ramesside Period (Nineteenth to Twentieth Dynasty, 1295–1078/6 bce) was replaced by considerable political fragmentation in the Twenty-First Dynasty. The pharaohs now ruled from the north at Tanis, and a line of Theban High Priests of Amun (HPA) and army commanders controlled the south from Thebes. Alongside this shift of power was the re-emergence of local centres under the control of quasi-pharaohs and local Libyan, or warrior-class, chiefs, starting in the Twenty-Second Dynasty, and concurrently ruling from the mid-Twenty-Second Dynasty onwards. The warrior-chiefs were of the Meshwesh and Libu tribes that had gradually entered Egypt during the reigns of Ramesses II and Ramesses III as prisoners of war,1 and had subsequently been settled in the Delta and Middle Egypt.2 The demographic structure of Egypt also changed at this time as the incoming peoples integrated with the native Egyptian population. Egypt itself became a more politically inward-looking country, while its power hold over the Levant and Nubia was reduced.3 These factors had consequences for the structure of Egyptian society.4 This chapter begins by discussing how we have come to view relative chronological phases relating to the period after the New Kingdom, the origin of the term ‘Third Intermediate Period’, and the political and cultural climate in which the term was devised. -
THE ARCHAEOLOGY of ACHAEMENID RULE in EGYPT by Henry Preater Colburn a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requ
THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF ACHAEMENID RULE IN EGYPT by Henry Preater Colburn A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Classical Art and Archaeology) in the University of Michigan 2014 Doctoral Committee: Professor Margaret C. Root, Chair Associate Professor Elspeth R. M. Dusinberre, University of Colorado Professor Sharon C. Herbert Associate Professor Ian S. Moyer Professor Janet E. Richards Professor Terry G. Wilfong © Henry Preater Colburn All rights reserved 2014 For my family: Allison and Dick, Sam and Gabe, and Abbie ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation was written under the auspices of the University of Michigan’s Interdepartmental Program in Classical Art and Archaeology (IPCAA), my academic home for the past seven years. I could not imagine writing it in any other intellectual setting. I am especially grateful to the members of my dissertation committee for their guidance, assistance, and enthusiasm throughout my graduate career. Since I first came to Michigan Margaret Root has been my mentor, advocate, and friend. Without her I could not have written this dissertation, or indeed anything worth reading. Beth Dusinberre, another friend and mentor, believed in my potential as a scholar well before any such belief was warranted. I am grateful to her for her unwavering support and advice. Ian Moyer put his broad historical and theoretical knowledge at my disposal, and he has helped me to understand the real potential of my work. Terry Wilfong answered innumerable questions about Egyptian religion and language, always with genuine interest and good humor. Janet Richards introduced me to Egyptian archaeology, both its study and its practice, and provided me with important opportunities for firsthand experience in Egypt. -
Political Memory in and After the Persian Empire Persian the After and Memory in Political
POLITICAL IN MEMORY AND AFTER THE PERSIAN EMPIRE At its height, the Persian Empire stretched from India to Libya, uniting the entire Near East under the rule of a single Great King for the rst time in history. Many groups in the area had long-lived traditions of indigenous kingship, but these were either abolished or adapted to t the new frame of universal Persian rule. is book explores the ways in which people from Rome, Egypt, Babylonia, Israel, and Iran interacted with kingship in the Persian Empire and how they remembered and reshaped their own indigenous traditions in response to these experiences. e contributors are Björn Anderson, Seth A. Bledsoe, Henry P. Colburn, Geert POLITICAL MEMORY De Breucker, Benedikt Eckhardt, Kiyan Foroutan, Lisbeth S. Fried, Olaf E. Kaper, Alesandr V. Makhlaiuk, Christine Mitchell, John P. Nielsen, Eduard Rung, Jason M. Silverman, Květa Smoláriková, R. J. van der Spek, Caroline Waerzeggers, IN AND AFTER THE Melanie Wasmuth, and Ian Douglas Wilson. JASON M. SILVERMAN is a postdoctoral researcher in the Faculty of eology PERSIAN EMPIRE at the University of Helsinki. He is the author of Persepolis and Jerusalem: Iranian In uence on the Apocalyptic Hermeneutic (T&T Clark) and the editor of Opening Heaven’s Floodgates: e Genesis Flood Narrative, Its Context and Reception (Gorgias). CAROLINE WAERZEGGERS is Associate Professor of Assyriology at Leiden University. She is the author of Marduk-rēmanni: Local Networks and Imperial Politics in Achaemenid Babylonia (Peeters) and e Ezida Temple of Borsippa: Priesthood, Cult, Archives (Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten). Ancient Near East Monographs Monografías sobre el Antiguo Cercano Oriente Society of Biblical Literature Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente (UCA) Edited by Waerzeggers Electronic open access edition (ISBN 978-0-88414-089-4) available at Silverman Jason M. -
250406281.Pdf
Trabajo de Fin de Grado Facultad de Filosofía y Letras ARQUITECTURA FUNERARIA Y RELIGIOSA EN LA ANTIGUA NUBIA Y EL REINO DE KUSH Autor: JAIME ALONSO LORENZO Tutor: D. JAVIER CASTÁN LANASPA Titulación: Grado en Historia del Arte Valladolid, 2019 Resumen El presente trabajo propone un recorrido por la arquitectura funeraria y religiosa desarrollada por las diferentes culturas que habitaron Nubia en la Antigüedad. Por ello, se aborda de manera necesaria la evolución artística, histórica, política, religiosa y cultural de Nubia. Se pretende ilustrar de la manera más clara y precisa posible cómo los modelos egipcios se difundieron por todo el valle del Nilo. Del mismo modo, se muestran los pasos seguidos por la propia cultura nubia hasta desembocar en la construcción de pirámides y en la adopción de Amón como dios oficial. Para ello, se hace especial énfasis en las permanentes relaciones que Nubia y el Reino de Kush mantuvieron con Egipto, y que fueron determinantes en el desarrollo de la civilización y el arte nubio que se estudia en las siguientes páginas. Palabras clave Antiguo Egipto, Arquitectura, Nubia, Faraones, Sudán, Kush, Amón, Pirámides, Dinastía XXV, Imperio Nuevo, Tercer Periodo Intermedio, Napata, Meroe, El Kurru, Nuri, Gebel Barkal, Tebas, Karnak. Veo necesario, antes de empezar, agradecer la ayuda y el apoyo recibido tanto en la elaboración del trabajo como durante los últimos cuatro años. En primer lugar, quiero dar las gracias y dedicar este trabajo a mi amigo Miguel, por ser un ejemplo y por abrirme las puertas de África e invitarme a pasar. A mis padres, por hacer y por estar dispuestos a absolutamente todo por mí. -
Priestess, Queen, Goddess
Solange Ashby Priestess, queen, goddess 2 Priestess, queen, goddess The divine feminine in the kingdom of Kush Solange Ashby The symbol of the kandaka1 – “Nubian Queen” – has been used powerfully in present-day uprisings in Sudan, which toppled the military rule of Omar al-Bashir in 2019 and became a rallying point as the people of Sudan fought for #Sudaxit – a return to African traditions and rule and an ouster of Arab rule and cultural dominance.2 The figure of the kandake continues to reverberate powerfully in the modern Sudanese consciousness. Yet few people outside Sudan or the field of Egyptology are familiar with the figure of the kandake, a title held by some of the queens of Meroe, the final Kushite kingdom in ancient Sudan. When translated as “Nubian Queen,” this title provides an aspirational and descriptive symbol for African women in the diaspora, connoting a woman who is powerful, regal, African. This chapter will provide the historical background of the ruling queens of Kush, a land that many know only through the Bible. Africans appear in the Hebrew Bible, where they are fre- ”which is translated “Ethiopian , יִׁכוש quently referred to by the ethnically generic Hebrew term or “Cushite.” Kush refers to three successive kingdoms located in Nubia, each of which took the name of its capital city: Kerma (2700–1500 BCE), Napata (800–300 BCE), and Meroe (300 BCE–300 CE). Both terms, “Ethiopian” and “Cushite,” were used interchangeably to designate Nubians, Kushites, Ethiopians, or any person from Africa. In Numbers 12:1, Moses’ wife Zipporah is which is translated as either “Ethiopian” or “Cushite” in modern translations of the , יִׁכוש called Bible.3 The Kushite king Taharqo (690–664 BCE), who ruled Egypt as part of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty, is mentioned in the Bible as marching against enemies of Israel, the Assyrians (2Kings 19:9, Isa 37:9).