61288 Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 229 / Wednesday, November 28, 2018 / Proposed Rules

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MS: BPHC, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls What is the purpose of this rulemaking? Church, VA 22041–3803. Our purpose is to inform the public of Fish and Wildlife Service We request that you send comments the species protected by the MBTA and only by the methods described above. its implementing regulations. These 50 CFR Part 10 We will post all comments on http:// regulations are found in Title 50, Code www.regulations.gov. This generally [Docket No. FWS–HQ–MB–2018–0047; of Federal Regulations (CFR), parts 10, FXMB 12320900000//189//FF09M29000] means that we will post any personal 20, and 21. We regulate the taking, information you provide us (see Public possession, transportation, sale, RIN 1018–BC67 Comments, below, for more purchase, barter, exportation, and information). importation of migratory birds. An General Provisions; Revised List of FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: accurate and up-to-date list of species Migratory Birds Eric L. Kershner, Chief of the Branch of protected by the MBTA is essential for AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Conservation, Permits, and Regulations; notifying the public of regulatory Interior. Division of Migratory Bird Management; protections. ACTION: Proposed rule. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; MS: MB; Why is the amendment of the list of 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA migratory birds necessary? SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and 22041–3803; (703) 358–2376. The amendments we are proposing Wildlife Service (Service), propose to SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: revise the List of Migratory Birds are needed to: protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty What statutory authority does the (1) Add 17 species that qualify for Act (MBTA) by both adding and service have for this rulemaking? protection under the MBTA; (2) Correct the spelling of 3 species removing species. Reasons for the We have statutory authority and changes to the list include adding names on the alphabetized list; responsibility for enforcing the MBTA (3) Correct the spelling of 3 species species based on new taxonomy and (16 U.S.C. 703–712), the Fish and new evidence of natural occurrence in names on the taxonomic list; Wildlife Improvement Act of 1978 (16 (4) Add 22 species based on new the United States or U.S. territories, U.S.C. 742l), and the Fish and Wildlife removing species no longer known to distributional records documenting Act of 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742a–j). The their natural occurrence in the United occur within the United States or U.S. MBTA implements Conventions territories, and changing names to States or U.S. territories since 2010; between the United States and four (5) Add one species moved from a conform to accepted use. The net neighboring countries for the protection increase of 59 species (66 added and 7 family that was not protected to a family of migratory birds, as follows: now protected under the MBTA as a removed) would bring the total number (1) Canada: Convention between the of species protected by the MBTA to result of taxonomic changes; United States and Great Britain [on (6) Add 26 species newly recognized 1,085. We regulate the taking, behalf of Canada] for the Protection of possession, transportation, sale, as a result of recent taxonomic changes; Migratory Birds, August 16, 1916, 39 (7) Remove 7 species not known to purchase, barter, exportation, and Stat. 1702 (T.S. No. 628), as amended by importation of migratory birds. An occur within the boundaries of the Protocol between the Government of the United States or U.S. territories as a accurate and up-to-date list of species United States and the Government of protected by the MBTA is essential for result of recent taxonomic changes; Canada Amending the 1916 Convention (8) Change the common (English) public notification and regulatory between the United Kingdom and the purposes. names of 40 species to conform to United States of America for the accepted use; and DATES: We will accept comments Protection of Migratory Birds, Sen. (9) Change the scientific names of 114 received or postmarked on or before Treaty Doc. 104–28 (December 14, species to conform to accepted use. January 28, 2019. Comments submitted 1995); The List of Migratory Birds (50 CFR electronically using the Federal (2) Mexico: Convention between the 10.13) was last revised on November 1, eRulemaking Portal (see ADDRESSES, United States and Mexico for the 2013 (78 FR 65844). The amendments below) must be received by 11:59 p.m. Protection of Migratory Birds and Game proposed in this rule were necessitated Eastern Time on the closing date. Mammals, February 7, 1936, 50 Stat. by eight published supplements to the ADDRESSES: You may submit comments 1311 (T.S. No. 912), as amended by 7th (1998) edition of the American by one of the following methods: Protocol with Mexico amending Ornithologists’ Union (AOU, now (1) Electronically: Go to the Federal Convention for Protection of Migratory recognized as American Ornithological eRulemaking Portal: http:// Birds and Game Mammals, Sen. Treaty Society (AOS)) Check-list of North www.regulations.gov. In the Search box, Doc. 105–26 (May 5, 1997); American Birds (AOU 2011, AOU 2012, enter FWS–HQ–MB–2018–0047, which (3) Japan: Convention between the AOU 2013, AOU 2014, AOU 2015, AOU is the docket number for this Government of the United States of 2016, AOS 2017, and AOS 2018) and rulemaking. Then, click on the Search America and the Government of Japan the 2017 publication of the Clements button. On the resulting page, in the for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Checklist of Birds of the World Search panel on the left side of the Birds in Danger of Extinction, and Their (Clements et al. 2017). screen, under the Document Type Environment, March 4, 1972, 25 U.S.T. heading, click on the Proposed Rule box 3329 (T.I.A.S. No. 7990); and What scientific authorities are used to to locate this document. You may (4) Russia: Convention between the amend the list of migratory birds? submit a comment by clicking on United States of America and the Union Although bird names (common and ‘‘Comment Now!’’ of Soviet Socialist Republics Concerning scientific) are relatively stable, staying (2) By hard copy: Submit by U.S. mail the Conservation of Migratory Birds and current with standardized use is or hand-delivery to: Public Comments Their Environment (Russia), November necessary to avoid confusion in Processing, Attn: FWS–HQ–MB–2018– 19, 1976, 29 U.S.T. 4647 (T.I.A.S. No. communications. In making our 0047, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 9073). determinations, we primarily relied on

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the AOS’s Checklist of North American Clements checklist or peer-reviewed The Ptilogonatidae (silky-flycatchers) birds (AOU 1998), as amended annually literature), that species will still be was renamed to the Ptiliogonatidae. The (AOU 1999 through 2016, AOS 2017, included if either of the following Nesospingidae (Puerto Rican tanager) AOS 2018), on matters of taxonomy, criteria apply: and the Spindalidae (Spindalis genus) nomenclature, and the sequence of • The species resembles extant were split from the Thraupidae species and other higher taxonomic species included in the list that may be (tanagers). The yellow-breasted chat was categories (Orders, Families, affected by trade if the species is not split from the Parulidae (wood-warblers) Subfamilies) for species that occur in included; or and placed into Icteriidae (chats). North America. The AOS Checklist • Not including the species may Within the Scolopacidae (sandpipers, contains all bird species that have create difficulties implementing the phalaropes, and allies), new Subfamilies occurred in North America from the MBTA and its underlying Conventions. were created: The curlews were moved Arctic through Panama, including the (3) New evidence exists for its natural to Numeniinae; the godwits to West Indies and the Hawaiian Islands, occurrence in the United States or U.S. Limosinae; and small sandpipers to and includes distributional information territories resulting from new or natural Arenariinae and larger sandpipers to for each species, which specifies distributional changes and the species Tringinae, including phalaropes whose whether the species is known to occur occurs in a protected family. Records previous Subfamily Phalaropodinae was in the United States. For the species that must be documented, accepted, and removed. Within the Accipitridae occur outside the geographic area published by the AOS committee. For (hawks, eagles, and kites), new covered by the AOS Checklist, we relied the U.S. Pacific territories that fall Subfamilies were created: The white- on Clements et al. (2017) and peer- outside the geographic scope of the AOS tailed kite was move to Elaninae, hook- reviewed literature. Although we and for which there is no identified billed and swallow-tailed kite were primarily rely on the above sources, ornithological authority, new evidence moved to Gypaetinae, and all other when informed taxonomic opinion is of a species’ natural occurrence will be members of the family were moved to inconsistent or controversial, we based on the Clements checklist and Accipitrinae. Within the Icteridae evaluate available published and then published peer-reviewed literature, (blackbirds), new Subfamilies were unpublished information and come to in that order. created: Yellow-headed blackbird was our own conclusion regarding the In accordance with the Migratory Bird moved to Xanthocephalinae; bobolink validity of taxa. Treaty Reform Act of 2004 (MBTRA) was moved to Dolichonychinae; (Pub. L. 108–447, 118 Stat. 2809, 3071– meadowlarks were moved to What criteria are used to identify 72), we only include migratory bird Sturnellinae; orioles were moved to individual species protected by the species that are native to the United Icterinae; and blackbirds, cowbirds, and MBTA? States or U.S. territories. A native grackles were moved to Agelaiinae. In A species qualifies for protection migratory bird species is one that is the Falconidae (caracaras and falcons), under the MBTA by meeting one or present as a result of natural biological collared forest-falcon was moved into more of the following criteria: or ecological processes. The list at 50 the new Subfamily Herpetotherinae, and (1) It occurs in the United States or CFR 10.13 does not include nonnative the Subfamily Caracarinae was U.S. territories as the result of natural species that occur in the United States removed, with crested caracara moved biological or ecological processes and is or U.S. territories solely as a result of to the Subfamily Falconinae. In the currently, or was previously listed as, a intentional or unintentional human- Fringillidae (finches and allies), the species or part of a family protected by assisted introduction(s). Elsewhere in Hawaiian fringillids were moved from one of the four international treaties or today’s Federal Register, we publish a the Subfamily Drepanidinae to their amendments. Any species that notice of availability of the draft revised Carduelinae. The Old World flycatchers occurs in the United States or U.S. list of nonnative bird species that are in the Turdidae (thrushes) were moved territories solely as a result of not protected under the MBTA. to the Muscicapidae (Old World intentional or unintentional human- How would the proposed changes affect flycatchers). Bananaquit was moved assisted introduction does not qualify the list of migratory birds? from the Coerebidae (a family not for the MBTA list, regardless of whether protected by MBTA) to the Thraupidae the family the species belongs to is Several taxonomic changes were (tanagers and allies), which is a family listed in any of the treaties, unless: made at the Order and Family level by protected by the MBTA. All other the AOS since our 2013 publication of • tanagers were also moved from the It was native to the United States or its the list (78 FR 65844; November 1, territories and extant in 1918; Emberizidae (sparrows) to the • It was extirpated after 1918 throughout 2013). These changes affect the Thraupidae. Within Thraupidae, the its range in the United States and its inclusion and taxonomic order of seedeaters were moved into the territories; and species on this list. Specifically, the Subfamily Sporophilinae, and • After such extirpation, it was Order Cathartiformes (New World bananaquit, grassquits, and bullfinches reintroduced in the United States or its vultures) was split from the were moved into the Subfamily territories as part of a program carried out by Accipitriformes (diurnal birds of prey). Coerebinae. a Federal agency. Cathartiformes now includes the Family All species previously receiving (2) Revised taxonomy results in it Cathartidae (vultures and California protection under the MBTA that have being newly split from a species that condor). At the Family level, the been moved to newly created Families was previously on the list, and the new Oceanitidae (southern storm-petrels) continue to be protected under the species occurs in the United States or was split from the Hydrobatidae MBTA. U.S. territories as the result of natural (northern storm-petrels), the Tityridae The proposed amendments (66 biological or ecological processes. If a (becards and tityras) was split from the additions, 7 removals, and 154 name newly recognized native species is Tyrannidae (tyrant flycatchers), the changes) would affect a total of 204 considered extinct (following the Passerellidae (towhees, sparrows, and species and would result in a net classification of the American juncos) was split from the Emberizidae addition of 59 species to the List of Ornithological Society (AOS) or, for (buntings), the Megaluridae (Locustella Migratory Birds, increasing the number species not covered by the AOS, the warblers) was renamed to Locustellidae. of species on the list from 1,026 to

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1,085. Of the 66 species that we would documenting their occurrence in the they are known. In each case, we add to the list, 26 were previously United States or U.S. territories. These reference the AOS or relevant covered under the MBTA as members of species belong to families covered by at publication supporting the change: the same species (conspecific) of listed least one of the four international Ridgway’s Rail, Rallus obsoletus—formerly species. These proposed amendments conventions, and all are considered to considered conspecific with Clapper Rail, can be logically arranged in the be of accidental or casual occurrence. Rallus longirostris (AOU 2014); following nine categories: For each species, we list the State in Common Gallinule, Gallinula galeata— (1) Add 17 species that qualify for which it has been recorded plus the formerly considered conspecific with protection by the MBTA but have not relevant publication: Common Moorhen, Gallinula chloropus been added previously. The addition of (AOU 2011); Common Scoter, Melanitta nigra—California Scripps’s Murrelet, Synthliboramphus these species is the result of either and Oregon (AOS 2017); scrippsi—formerly considered conspecific accepting AOS taxonomic updates that Amethyst-throated Hummingbird, Lampornis with Xantus’s Murrelet, Synthliboramphus were previously excluded or amethystinus—Texas (AOS 2018); hypoleucus (AOU 2012); determinations of documented natural Rufous-necked Wood-Rail, Aramides Salvin’s Albatross, Thalassarche salvini— occurrence in the United States or U.S. axillaris—New Mexico (AOU 2016); formerly considered conspecific with Shy territories. The species and relevant Solitary Snipe, Gallinago solitaria—Alaska Albatross, Thalassarche cauta (AOU 2014); publication(s) are: (AOU 2011); Trindade Petrel, Pterodroma arminjoniana Chatham Albatross, Thalassarche eremita— —formerly considered conspecific with Pink-footed Goose, Anser brachyrhynchus California (AOS 2017); Herald Petrel, Pterodroma heraldica (AOU (AOU 1983); Providence Petrel, Pterodroma solandri— 2015); Cackling Goose, Branta hutchinsii (AOU Alaska (AOU 2013); Newell’s Shearwater, Puffinus newelli— 2003); Fea’s Petrel, Pterodroma feae—North formerly considered conspecific with European Turtle-Dove, Streptopelia turtur Carolina, Georgia, Virginia (AOU 2013); Townsend’s Shearwater, Puffinus (AOU 2007); Zino’s Petrel, Pterodroma madeira—North auricularis (AOU 2015); Long-tailed Koel, Urodynamis taitensis Carolina, (AOU 2015); Barolo Shearwater, Puffinus baroli—formerly (Wiles 2005); White-chinned Petrel, Procellaria considered conspecific with Little White-tailed Nightjar, Hydropsalis aequinoctialis—Texas, California, Maine Shearwater, Puffinus assimilis (AOU 2013); cayennensis (AOU 1983); (AOU 2011); Townsend’s Storm-Petrel, Oceanodroma Vervain Hummingbird, Mellisuga minima Bryan’s Shearwater, Puffinus bryani—Hawaii socorroensis—formerly considered (AOU 1983); (AOU 2012); conspecific with Leach’s Storm-Petrel, Kentish Plover, Charadrius alexandrinus Bare-throated Tiger-Heron, Tigrisoma Oceanodroma leucorhoa (AOU 2016); (Enbring and Owen 1981); mexicanum—Texas (AOU 2011); Northern Boobook, Ninox japonica— Common Redshank, Tringa totanus (Wiles Double-toothed Kite, Harpagus bidentatus— formerly considered conspecific with 2005); Texas (AOU 2013); Brown Hawk-Owl, Ninox scutulata (AOU Nazca Booby, Sula granti (AOU 2000); Amazon Kingfisher, Chloroceryle amazona— 2014); Abbott’s Booby, Papasula abbotti (Pratt et al. Texas (AOU 2011); Pacific Kingfisher, Todiramphus sacer— 2009); Gray-collared Becard, Pachyramphus formerly considered conspecific with Rufous Night-Heron, Nycticorax caledonicus major—Arizona (AOU 2011); Collared Kingfisher, Todiramphus chloris (Glass et al. 1990); Pine Flycatcher, Empidonax affinis—Arizona (Clements et al. 2015); Gray-faced Buzzard, Butastur indicus (AOS 2018); Mariana Kingfisher, Todiramphus albicilla— (Stinson et al. 1997); Cuban Vireo, Vireo gundlachii—Florida formerly considered conspecific with Eastern Marsh-Harrier, Circus spilonotus (AOS 2018); Collared Kingfisher, Todiramphus chloris (Wiles et al. 2000); Common Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita— (Clements et al. 2015); Amur Falcon, Falco amurensis (Stinson et al. Alaska (AOU 2014); Woodhouse’s Scrub-Jay, Aphelocoma 1991); Blyth’s Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus woodhouseii—formerly considered Eurasian Jackdaw, Corvus monedula (AOU dumetorum—Alaska (AOU 2017); conspecific with Western Scrub-Jay, 1998); Common Redstart, Phoenicurus Aphelocoma californica (AOU 2016); Redwing, Turdus iliacus (AOU 1983); phoenicurus—Alaska (AOU 2015); Kamchatka Leaf Warbler, Phylloscopus Common Kingfisher, Alcedo atthis (Wiles et Brown-backed Solitaire, Myadestes examinandus—formerly considered al. 1993). occidentalis—Arizona (AOU 2011); conspecific with Arctic Warbler, Asian Rosy-Finch, Leucosticte arctoa— Phylloscopus borealis (AOU 2014); (2) Correct the spelling of three Saipan Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus hiwae— common or scientific names on the Alaska (AOU 2013); Red-legged Honeycreeper, Cyanerpes formerly considered conspecific with Nightingale Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus alphabetized list: cyaneus—Texas (AOS 2017). Eared Quetzel, Euptilotis neoxenus, luscinius (Clements et al. 2013); becomes Eared Quetzal (5) Add one species because of recent Aguiguan Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus Red-footed falcon, Flaco vespertinus, taxonomic changes transferring a nijoi—formerly considered conspecific becomes Falco vespertinus species in a Family formerly not with Nightingale Reed Warbler, Piratic Flycatcher, Legatus leucophalus protected by the MBTA (Coerebidae) Acrocephalus luscinius (Clements et al. into a Family protected under the 2013); becomes Legatus leucophaius Pagan Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus (3) Correct the spelling of three MBTA (Thraupidae). We reference the yamashinae—formerly considered common or scientific names on the AOU publication supporting the change: conspecific with Nightingale Reed Warbler, taxonomic list: Bananaquit, Coereba flaveola, (AOU Acrocephalus luscinius (Clements et al. Eared Quetzel, Euptilotis neoxenus, 2015). 2013); becomes Eared Quetzal (6) Add 26 species because of recent Laysan Honeycreeper, Himatione fraithii— White-crested Eleania, Elaenia albiceps taxonomic changes in which taxa formerly considered conspecific with becomes White-crested Elaenia formerly treated as conspecific have Apapane, Himatione sanguinea (AOU Piratic Flycatcher, Legatus leucophalus been determined to be distinct species. 2015) Kauai Nukupu1u, Hemignathus hanapepe— becomes Legatus leucophaius Given that each of these species was formerly considered conspecific with (4) Add 22 species based on review formerly treated as conspecific with a Nukupuu, Hemignathus lucidus (AOU and acceptance by the AOS (since 2010) listed species, these additions would 2015); or by other appropriate ornithological not change the protective status of any Maui Nukupu1u, Hemignathus affins— authorities of new distributional records of these taxa, only the names by which formerly considered conspecific with

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Nukupuu, Hemignathus lucidus (AOU classification of the AOS or, for species 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, AOS 2015); not covered by the AOS, the Clements 2017, AOS 2018, and Clements et al. Kauai 1Akialoa, Akialoa stejnegeri—formerly checklist or peer-reviewed literature) (2017). Hawaiian species names are considered conspecific with Greater Akialoa, Hemignathus ellisianus (AOU unless any of the following criteria modified to official Hawaiian spelling, 2015); apply: It is protected under the following the Pukui-Elbert Hawaiian Maui Nui 1Akialoa, Akialoa lanaiensis— Endangered Species Act of 1973, as Dictionary, adding the diacritical marks formerly considered conspecific with amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), to the common names where applicable. Greater Akialoa, Hemignathus ellisianus or the Convention on International The Government Publishing Office Style (AOU 2015); Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Manual requires the words Hawaii and O1ahu 1Akepa, Loxops wolstenholmei— Fauna and Flora (CITES; 27 U.S.T. Kauai to be spelled without the formerly considered conspecific with 1087); it resembles extant species Akepa, Loxops coccineus (AOU 2015); diacritical mark. These revisions do not Maui 1Akepa, Loxops ochraceus—formerly included in the list that may be affected change the protective status of any of considered conspecific with Akepa, Loxops by its removal; or its removal would these taxa, only the names by which coccineus (AOU 2015); create difficulties implementing the they are known. In each case, the update Cassia Crossbill, Loxia sinesciuris—formerly MBTA and its underlying Conventions. is described in the table, below. considered conspecific with Red Crossbill, In each case, we reference the Loxia curvirostra (AOS 2017); publication supporting these changes: (9) Revise the scientific names of 114 Sagebrush Sparrow, Artemisiospiza species to conform to the most recent nevadensis—formerly considered Thayer’s Gull, Larus thayeri, now a nomenclatural treatment as described in conspecific with Sage Sparrow, subspecies of Iceland Gull, Larus AOU publications 2011, 2012, 2013, glaucoides (AOS 2017); Amphispiza belli (AOU 2013); 2014, 2015, 2016, AOS 2017, AOS 2018, Morelet’s Seedeater, Sporophila morelleti— Townsend’s Shearwater, Puffinus auricularis formerly considered conspecific with (AOU 2015); and Clements et al. (2017). These White-collared Seedeater, Sporophila Little Shearwater, Puffinus assimilis (AOU revisions do not change the protective torqueola (AOS 2018). 2015); status of any of these taxa, only the Brown Hawk-Owl, Ninox scutulata (AOU (7) Remove seven species based on names by which they are known. In 2014); each case, the update is described in the revised taxonomic treatments, either Caribbean Coot, Fulica caribaea (AOU 2016); because a species is taxonomically Collared Kingfisher, Todiramphus chloris table, below. merged with another species, either on (Clements et al. 2015); Table of Proposed Name Changes, as or off the list; a species previously on White-collared Seedeater, Sporophila described in categories 8 and 9, above. the list is taxonomically split into torqueola (AOS 2018). Table is organized following AOS (2017) multiple species and the new species is (8) Revise the common (English) taxonomic order. The relevant AOS not known to occur within the United names of 40 species to conform to the publication is provided. Hawaiian States or U.S. territories; or the species most recent nomenclatural treatment as common name changes are indicated is considered extinct (following the described in AOU publications 2011, with a (—).

Publication source and year Previous common name Current common name

AOU 2004...... Canada Goose (including Branta hutchinsii), Branta Canada Goose, Branta canadensis. canadensis. AOU 2016 ...... Green Violetear, Colibri thalassinus ...... Mexican Violetear, Colibri thalassinus. AOS 2017 ...... Magnificent hummingbird, Eugenes fulgens ...... Rivoli’s Hummingbird, Eugenes fulgens. AOU 2012 ...... Xantus’s Murrelet, Synthliboramphus hypoleucus ...... Guadalupe Murrelet, Synthliboramphus hypoleucus. AOU 2014 ...... Shy Albatross, Thalassarche cauta ...... White-capped Albatross, Thalassarche cauta. AOU 2015 ...... Herald Petrel, Pterodroma arminjoniana ...... Trindade Petrel, Pterodroma arminjoniana. Clements et al. 2000 Pacific Reef-Egret, Egretta sacra ...... Pacific Reef-Heron, Egretta sacra. AOU 2012 ...... Gray Frog-Hawk, Accipiter soloensis ...... Chinese Sparrowhawk, Accipiter soloensis. AOU 2014 ...... Common Black-Hawk, Buteogallus anthracinus ...... Common Black Hawk, Buteogallus anthracinus. AOS 2018 ...... Gray Jay, Perisoreus canadensis ...... Canada Jay, Perisoreus canadensis. AOU 2016 ...... Western Scrub-Jay, Aphelocoma californica ...... California Scrub-Jay, Aphelocoma californica. AOU 2016 ...... Eurasian Sky Lark, Alauda arvensis ...... Eurasian Skylark, Alauda arvensis. AOU 2014 ...... Pallas’s Leaf-Warbler, Phylloscopus proregulus ...... Pallas’s Leaf Warbler, Phylloscopus proregulus. — ...... Kamao, Myadestes myadestinus ...... Ka˜ma‘o, Myadestes myadestinus. — ...... Olomao, Myadestes lanaiensis ...... Oloma‘o, Myadestes lanaiensis. — ...... Omao, Myadestes obscurus ...... ‘O˜ ma’o, Myadestes obscurus. AOS 2017 ...... Le Conte’s Thrasher, Toxostoma lecontei ...... LeConte’s Thrasher, Toxostoma lecontei. AOU 2015 ...... Nukupuu, Hemignathus lucidus ...... O‘ahu Nukupu‘u, Hemignathus lucidus. — ...... Poo-uli, Melamprosops phaeosoma ...... Po‘ouli, Melamprosops phaeosoma. — ...... Akikiki, Oreomystis bairdi ...... ‘Akikiki, Oreomystis bairdi. — ...... Oahu Alauahio, Paroreomyza maculata ...... O‘ahu ‘Alauahio, Paroreomyza maculata. — ...... Kakawahie, Paroreomyza flammea ...... Ka˜ka˜wahie, Paroreomyza flammea. — ...... Maui Alauahio, Paroreomyza montana ...... Maui ‘Alauahio, Paroreomyza montana. — ...... Akohekohe, Palmeria dolei ...... ‘Akohekohe, Palmeria dolei. — ...... Apapane, Himatione sanguinea ...... ‘Apapane, Himatione sanguinea. — ...... Iiwi, Drepanis coccinea ...... ‘I‘iwi, Drepanis coccinea. — ...... Ou, Psittirostra psittacea ...... ‘O˜ ‘u˜, Psittirostra psittacea. — ...... Anianiau, Magumma parva ...... ‘Anianiau, Magumma parva. — ...... Akekee, Loxops caeruleirostris ...... ‘Akeke‘e, Loxops caeruleirostris. AOU 2015 ...... Akepa, Loxops coccineus ...... Hawaii ‘Akepa, Loxops coccineus. AOS 2017 ...... Le Conte’s Sparrow, Ammodramus leconteii ...... LeConte’s Sparrow, Ammodramus leconteii. AOS 2017 ...... Emperor Goose, Chen canagica ...... Emperor Goose, Anser canagicus. AOS 2017 ...... Snow Goose, Chen caerulescens ...... Snow Goose, Anser caerulescens.

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Publication source and year Previous common name Current common name

AOS 2017 ...... Ross’s Goose, Chen rossii ...... Ross’s Goose, Anser rossii. AOS 2017 ...... Baikal Teal, Anas formosa ...... Baikal Teal, Sibirionetta formosa. AOS 2017 ...... Garganey, Anas querquedula ...... Garganey, Spatula querquedula. AOS 2017 ...... Blue-winged Teal, Anas discors ...... Blue-winged Teal, Spatula discors. AOS 2017 ...... Cinnamon Teal, Anas cyanoptera ...... Cinnamon Teal, Spatula cyanoptera. AOS 2017 ...... Northern Shoveler, Anas clypeata ...... Northern Shoveler, Spatula clypeata. AOS 2017 ...... Gadwall, Anas strepera ...... Gadwall, Mareca strepera. AOS 2017 ...... Falcated Duck, Anas falcata ...... Falcated Duck, Mareca falcata. AOS 2017 ...... Eurasian Wigeon, Anas penelope ...... Eurasian Wigeon, Mareca penelope. AOS 2017 ...... American Wigeon, Anas americana ...... American Wigeon, Mareca americana. Clements et al. 2017 White-throated Ground-Dove, Gallicolumba xanthonura ...... White-throated Ground-Dove, Alopecoenas xanthonura. Clements et al. 2010 Hodgson’s Hawk-Cuckoo, Cuculus fugax ...... Hodgson’s Hawk-Cuckoo, Hierococcyx nisicolor. AOU 2012 ...... Chuck-will’s-widow, Caprimulgus carolinensis ...... Chuck-will’s-widow, Antrostomus carolinensis. AOU 2012 ...... Buff-collared Nightjar, Caprimulgus ridgwayi ...... Buff-collared Nightjar, Antrostomus ridgwayi. AOU 2012 ...... Eastern Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus vociferus ...... Eastern Whip-poor-will, Antrostomus vociferus. AOU 2012 ...... Mexican Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus arizonae ...... Mexican Whip-poor-will, Antrostomus arizonae. AOU 2012 ...... Puerto Rican Nightjar, Caprimulgus noctitherus ...... Puerto Rican Nightjar, Antrostomus noctitherus. AOS 2018 ...... Gray Nightjar, Caprimulgus indicus ...... Gray Nightjar, Caprimulgus jotaka. AOU 2012 ...... Calliope Hummingbird, Stellula calliope ...... Calliope Hummingbird, Selasphorus calliope. AOU 2014 ...... Clapper Rail, Rallus longirostris ...... Clapper Rail, Rallus crepitans. AOU 2016 ...... Yellow-breasted Crake, Porzana flaviventer ...... Yellow-breasted Crake, Hapalocrex flaviventer. AOU 2012 ...... Purple Gallinule, Porphyrio martinica ...... Purple Gallinule, Porphyrio martinicus. AOU 2016 ...... Sandhill Crane, Grus canadensis ...... Sandhill Crane, Antigone canadensis. AOU 2011 ...... Snowy Plover, Charadrius alexandrinus ...... Snowy Plover, Charadrius nivosus. AOU 2013 ...... Surfbird, Aphriza virgata ...... Surfbird, Calidris virgata. AOU 2013 ...... Ruff, Philomachus pugnax ...... Ruff, Calidris pugnax. AOU 2013 ...... Broad-billed Sandpiper, Limicola falcinellus ...... Broad-billed Sandpiper, Calidris falcinellus. AOU 2013 ...... Spoon-billed Sandpiper, Eurynorhynchus pygmeus ...... Spoon-billed Sandpiper, Calidris pygmea. AOU 2013 ...... Buff-breasted Sandpiper, Tryngites subruficollis ...... Buff-breasted Sandpiper, Calidris subruficollis. AOS 2017 ...... Blue-gray Noddy, Procelsterna cerulea ...... Blue-gray Noddy, Anous ceruleus. AOU 2003 ...... Whiskered Tern, Chlidonias hybridus ...... Whiskered Tern, Chlidonias hybrida. AOS 2018 ...... Tahiti Petrel, Pterodroma rostrata ...... Tahiti Petrel, Pseudobulweria rostrata. AOU 2016 ...... Wedge-tailed Shearwater, Puffinus pacificus ...... Wedge-tailed Shearwater, Ardenna pacifica. AOU 2016 ...... Buller’s Shearwater, Puffinus bulleri ...... Buller’s Shearwater, Ardenna bulleri. AOU 2016 ...... Short-tailed Shearwater, Puffinus tenuirostris ...... Short-tailed Shearwater, Ardenna tenuirostris. AOU 2016 ...... Sooty Shearwater, Puffinus griseus ...... Sooty Shearwater, Ardenna grisea. AOU 2016 ...... Great Shearwater, Puffinus gravis ...... Great Shearwater, Ardenna gravis. AOU 2016 ...... Pink-footed Shearwater, Puffinus creatopus ...... Pink-footed Shearwater, Ardenna creatopus. AOU 2016 ...... Flesh-footed Shearwater, Puffinus carneipes ...... Flesh-footed Shearwater, Ardenna carneipes. AOS 2017 ...... Intermediate Egret, Mesophoyx intermedia ...... Intermediate Egret, Ardea intermedia. AOS 2017 ...... Northern Harrier, Circus cyaneus ...... Northern Harrier, Circus hudsonius. AOU 2015 ...... Roadside Hawk, Buteo magnirostris ...... Roadside Hawk, Rupornis magnirostris. AOU 2015 ...... White-tailed Hawk, Buteo albicaudatus ...... White-tailed Hawk, Geranoaetus albicaudatus. AOS 2018 ...... Downy Woodpecker, Picoides pubescens ...... Downy Woodpecker, Dryobates pubescens. AOS 2018 ...... Nuttall’s Woodpecker, Picoides nuttallii ...... Nuttall’s Woodpecker, Dryobates nuttallii. AOS 2018 ...... Ladder-backed Woodpecker, Picoides scalaris ...... Ladder-backed Woodpecker, Dryobates scalaris. AOS 2018 ...... Red-cockaded Woodpecker, Picoides borealis ...... Red-cockaded Woodpecker, Dryobates borealis. AOS 2018 ...... Hairy Woodpecker, Picoides villosus ...... Hairy Woodpecker, Dryobates villosus. AOS 2018 ...... White-headed Woodpecker, Picoides albolarvatus ...... White-headed Woodpecker, Dryobates albolarvatus. AOS 2018 ...... Arizona Woodpecker, Picoides arizonae ...... Arizona Woodpecker, Dryobates arizonae. AOU 2013 ...... Flammulated Owl, Otus flammeolus ...... Flammulated Owl, Psiloscops flammeolus. AOS 2017 ...... Northern Shrike, Lanius excubitor ...... Northern Shrike, Lanius borealis. AOU 2011 ...... Mexican Jay, Aphelocoma ultramarina ...... Mexican Jay, Aphelocoma wollweberi. AOU 2012 ...... Sinaloa Wren, Thryothorus sinaloa ...... Sinaloa Wren, Thryophilus sinaloa. AOS 2018 ...... Siberian Blue Robin, Luscinia cyane ...... Siberian Blue Robin, Larvivora cyane. AOS 2018 ...... Rufous-tailed Robin, Luscinia sibilans ...... Rufous-tailed Robin, Larvivora sibilans. AOS 2018 ...... Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica ...... Bluethroat, Cyanecula svecica. AOS 2018 ...... Siberian Rubythroat, Luscinia calliope ...... Siberian Rubythroat, Calliope calliope. Clements et al. 2015 Chestnut-cheeked Starling, Sturnus phillippensis ...... Chestnut-cheeked Starling, Agropsar philippensis. Clements et al. 2015 White-cheeked Starling, Sturnus cineraceus ...... White-cheeked Starling, Spodiopsar cineraceus. AOU 2013 ...... Gray Silky-flycatcher, Ptilogonys cinereus ...... Gray Silky-flycatcher, Ptiliogonys cinereus. AOU 2012 ...... House Finch, Carpodacus mexicanus ...... House Finch, Haemorhous mexicanus. AOU 2012 ...... Purple Finch, Carpodacus purpureus ...... Purple Finch, Haemorhous purpureus. AOU 2012 ...... Cassin’s Finch, Carpodacus cassinii ...... Cassin’s Finch, Haemorhous cassinii. AOU 2015 ...... American Tree Sparrow, Spizella arborea ...... American Tree Sparrow, Spizelloides arborea. AOS 2018 ...... Baird’s Sparrow, Ammodramus bairdii ...... Baird’s Sparrow, Centronyx bairdii. AOS 2018 ...... Henslow’s Sparrow, Ammodramus henslowii ...... Henslow’s Sparrow, Centronyx henslowii. AOS 2018 ...... LeConte’s Sparrow, Ammodramus leconteii ...... LeConte’s Sparrow, Ammospiza leconteii. AOS 2018 ...... Seaside Sparrow, Ammodramus maritima ...... Seaside Sparrow, Ammospiza maritima. AOS 2018 ...... Nelson’s Sparrow, Ammodramus nelsoni ...... Nelson’s Sparrow, Ammospiza nelsoni. AOS 2018 ...... Saltmarsh Sparrow, Ammodramus caudacuta ...... Saltmarsh Sparrow, Ammospiza caudacuta. AOU 2011 ...... MacGillivray’s Warbler, Oporornis tolmiei ...... MacGillivray’s Warbler, Geothlypis tolmiei. AOU 2011 ...... Mourning Warbler, Oporornis philadelphia ...... Mourning Warbler, Geothlypis philadelphia.

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Publication source and year Previous common name Current common name

AOU 2011 ...... Kentucky Warbler, Oporornis formosus ...... Kentucky Warbler, Geothlypis formosa. AOU 2011 ...... Elfin-woods Warbler, Dendroica angelae ...... Elfin-woods Warbler, Setophaga angelae. AOU 2011 ...... Hooded Warbler, Wilsonia citrina ...... Hooded Warbler, Setophaga citrina. AOU 2011 ...... Kirtland’s Warbler, Dendroica kirtlandii ...... Kirtland’s Warbler, Setophaga kirtlandii. AOU 2011 ...... Cape May Warbler, Dendroica tigrina ...... Cape May Warbler, Setophaga tigrina. AOU 2011 ...... Cerulean Warbler, Dendroica cerulea ...... Cerulean Warbler, Setophaga cerulea. AOU 2011 ...... Northern Parula, Parula americana ...... Northern Parula, Setophaga americana. AOU 2011 ...... Tropical Parula, Parula pitiayumi ...... Tropical Parula, Setophaga pitiayumi. AOU 2011 ...... Magnolia Warbler, Dendroica magnolia ...... Magnolia Warbler, Setophaga magnolia. AOU 2011 ...... Bay-breasted Warbler, Dendroica castanea ...... Bay-breasted Warbler, Setophaga castanea. AOU 2011 ...... Blackburnian Warbler, Dendroica fusca ...... Blackburnian Warbler, Setophaga fusca. AOU 2011 ...... Yellow Warbler, Dendroica petechia ...... Yellow Warbler, Setophaga petechia. AOU 2011 ...... Chestnut-sided Warbler, Dendroica pensylvanica ...... Chestnut-sided Warbler, Setophaga pensylvanica. AOU 2011 ...... Blackpoll Warbler, Dendroica striata ...... Blackpoll Warbler, Setophaga striata. AOU 2011 ...... Black-throated Blue Warbler, Dendroica caerulescens ...... Black-throated Blue Warbler, Setophaga caerulescens. AOU 2011 ...... Palm Warbler, Dendroica palmarum ...... Palm Warbler, Setophaga palmarum. AOU 2011 ...... Pine Warbler, Dendroica pinus ...... Pine Warbler, Setophaga pinus. AOU 2011 ...... Yellow-rumped Warbler, Dendroica coronata ...... Yellow-rumped Warbler, Setophaga coronata. AOU 2011 ...... Yellow-throated Warbler, Dendroica dominica ...... Yellow-throated Warbler, Setophaga dominica. AOU 2011 ...... Prairie Warbler, Dendroica discolor ...... Prairie Warbler, Setophaga discolor. AOU 2011 ...... Adelaide’s Warbler, Dendroica adelaidae ...... Adelaide’s Warbler, Setophaga adelaidae. AOU 2011 ...... Grace’s Warbler, Dendroica graciae ...... Grace’s Warbler, Setophaga graciae. AOU 2011 ...... Black-throated Gray Warbler, Dendroica nigrescens ...... Black-throated Gray Warbler, Setophaga nigrescens. AOU 2011 ...... Townsend’s Warbler, Dendroica townsendi ...... Townsend’s Warbler, Setophaga townsendi. AOU 2011 ...... Hermit Warbler, Dendroica occidentalis ...... Hermit Warbler, Setophaga occidentalis. AOU 2011 ...... Golden-cheeked Warbler, Dendroica chrysoparia ...... Golden-cheeked Warbler, Setophaga chrysoparia. AOU 2011 ...... Black-throated Green Warbler, Dendroica virens ...... Black-throated Green Warbler, Setophaga virens. AOU 2011 ...... Fan-tailed Warbler, Euthlypis lachrymosa ...... Fan-tailed Warbler, Basileuterus lachrymosus. AOU 2011 ...... Canada Warbler, Wilsonia canadensis ...... Canada Warbler, Cardellina canadensis. AOU 2011 ...... Wilson’s Warbler, Wilsonia pusilla ...... Wilson’s Warbler, Cardellina pusilla. Clements et al. 2017 Friendly Ground-Dove, Gallicolumba stairi ...... Shy Ground-Dove, Alopecoenas stairi. Clements et al. 2006 Micronesian Kingfisher, Todirhamphus cinnamominus ...... Guam Kingfisher, Todiramphus cinnamominus. Clements et al. Nightingale Reed-Warbler, Acrocephalus luscinia ...... Nightingale Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus luscinius. 2006, 2017. AOU 2015 ...... Akiapolaau, Hemignathus munroi ...... ‘Akiapola‘au, Hemignathus wilsoni. AOU 2015 ...... Greater Akialoa, Hemignathus ellisianus ...... O‘ahu ‘Akialoa, Akialoa ellisiana. AOU 2015 ...... Hawaii Amakihi, Hemignathus virens ...... Hawaii ‘Amakihi, Chlorodrepanis virens. AOU 2015 ...... Oahu Amakihi, Hemignathus flavus ...... O‘ahu ‘Amakihi, Chlorodrepanis flava. AOU 2015 ...... Kauai Amakihi, Hemignathus kauaiensis ...... Kauai ‘Amakihi, Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri. AOU 2012, 2013 ..... Sage Sparrow, Amphispiza belli ...... Bell’s Sparrow, Artemisiospiza belli.

How is the list of migratory birds (1) Nonnative species introduced into turkeys), Pteroclidae (sandgrouse), organized? the United States or U.S. territories by Heliornithidae (finfoots), Burhinidae The species are listed in two formats means of intentional or unintentional (thick-knees), Glareolidae (pratincoles), to suit the needs of different segments human assistance that belong to families Todidae (todies), Psittacidae (parrots), of the public: alphabetically in 50 CFR or groups covered by the Canadian, Psittaculidae (Old World parrots), 10.13(c)(1) and taxonomically in 50 CFR Mexican, or Russian Conventions. Meliphagidae (honeyeaters), Dicruridae 10.13(c)(2). In the alphabetical listing, Elsewhere in today’s Federal Register, (drongos), Monarchidae (monarchs), species are listed by common (English) we publish a notice of availability of the Pycnonotidae (bulbuls), Scotocercidae group names, with the scientific name draft revised list of nonnative bird (bush warblers and allies), Zosteropidae of each species following the English species that are not protected under the (white-eyes), Sturnidae (starlings, group name. This format, similar to that MBTA. Note, though, that native species except as listed in Japanese treaty), used in modern telephone directories, is that are introduced into parts of the Ploceidae (weavers), Estrildidae most useful to members of the lay United States where they are not native (estrildid finches), and Passeridae (Old public. In the taxonomic listing, species are still protected under the MBTA World sparrows, including house or are listed in phylogenetic sequence by regardless of where they occur in the English sparrow), as well as numerous scientific name, with the English name United States or U.S. territories. other families not represented in the following the scientific name. To help (2) Species native or nonnative to the United States or U.S. territories. clarify species relationships, we also list United States or U.S. territories that Public Comments the higher-level taxonomic categories of either belong to families or groups not Order, Family, and Subfamily. This referred to in the Canada, Mexico, and Any final action resulting from this format follows the sequence adopted by Russia Conventions or are not included proposed rule must be based on the best the AOS (1998, 2017) and is most useful by species name in the Japan scientific and commercial data available to ornithologists and other scientists. Convention. This includes the and be as accurate and as effective as Tinamidae (tinamous), Megapodiidae possible. We request comments or What species are not protected by the (megapodes), Cracidae (chachalacas), information from other concerned Migratory Bird Treaty Act? Odontophoridae (New World quail), governmental agencies, the scientific The MBTA does not apply to: Phasianidae (grouse, ptarmigan, and community, industry, or any other

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interested parties concerning this this proposed rule in a manner competition, employment, investment, proposed rule. consistent with these requirements. productivity, innovation, or the ability of U.S.-based enterprises to compete Please include sufficient information Executive Order 13771—Reducing with foreign-based enterprises. with your submission (such as Regulation and Controlling Regulatory electronic copies of scientific journal Costs Unfunded Mandates Reform Act articles or other publications, preferably in English) to allow us to verify any This proposed rule is not an In accordance with the Unfunded scientific or commercial information Executive Order (E.O.) 13771 (82 FR Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501 et you include. 9339, February 3, 2017) regulatory seq.), we have determined the following: action because this proposed rule is not You may submit your comments and significant under E.O. 12866. a. This proposed rule would not materials concerning this proposed rule ‘‘significantly or uniquely’’ affect small by one of the methods listed in Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 governments. A small government ADDRESSES. We request that you send et seq.) agency plan is not required. This comments only by the methods Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act proposed rule is an administrative described in ADDRESSES. (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., as amended by the action to update the list of migratory If you submit information via http:// Small Business Regulatory Enforcement bird species protected under the www.regulations.gov, your entire Fairness Act (SBREFA) of 1996 (5 U.S.C. Conventions; it would not affect small submission—including any personal 804(2)), whenever an agency is required government activities in any significant identifying information—will be posted to publish a notice of rulemaking for way. on the website. If your submission is any proposed or final rule, it must b. This proposed rule would not made via a hardcopy that includes prepare and make available for public produce a Federal mandate of $100 personal identifying information, you comment a regulatory flexibility million or greater in any year; i.e., it is may request at the top of your document analysis that describes the effect of the not a ‘‘significant regulatory action’’ that we withhold this information from rule on small entities (i.e., small under the Unfunded Mandates Reform public review. However, we cannot businesses, small organizations, and Act. guarantee that we will be able to do so. small government jurisdictions). Takings We will post all hardcopy submissions However, no regulatory flexibility on http://www.regulations.gov. analysis is required if the head of an In accordance with Executive Order Comments and materials we receive, agency certifies the rule does not have 12630, this proposed rule does not have as well as supporting documentation we a significant economic impact on a significant takings implications. This used in preparing this proposed rule, substantial number of small entities. proposed rule does not contain a will be available for public inspection SBREFA amended the Regulatory provision for taking of private property. on http://www.regulations.gov, or by Flexibility Act to require Federal Therefore, a takings implication appointment, during normal business agencies to provide the statement of the assessment is not required. hours, at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife factual basis for certifying that a rule Service, Division of Migratory Bird will not have a significant economic Federalism Management (see FOR FURTHER impact on a substantial number of small This proposed rule does not have INFORMATION CONTACT). entities. We have examined this sufficient Federalism effects to warrant proposed rule’s potential effects on Required Determinations preparation of a federalism summary small entities as required by the impact statement under Executive Order Regulatory Planning and Review Regulatory Flexibility Act, and have 13132. It does not interfere with the determined that, if adopted as proposed, States’ ability to manage themselves or Executive Order (E.O.) 12866 provides this action would not have a significant that the Office of Information and their funds. No significant economic economic impact on a substantial impacts are expected to result from the Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in the Office number of small entities. This rule is an of Management and Budget will review updating of the list of migratory bird administrative action to update the list species. all significant rules. OIRA has of migratory bird species protected determined that this proposed rule is under the Conventions. Consequently, Civil Justice Reform not significant. we certify that, if adopted as proposed, In accordance with Executive Order E.O. 13563 reaffirms the principles of this rule would not have a significant 12988, the Office of the Solicitor has E.O. 12866, while calling for economic impact on a substantial determined that this proposed rule does improvements in the nation’s regulatory number of small entities; therefore, a not unduly burden the judicial system system to promote predictability, to regulatory flexibility analysis is not and meets the requirements of sections reduce uncertainty, and to use the best, required. most innovative, and least burdensome This proposed rule is not a major rule 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of the Order. tools for achieving regulatory ends. E.O. under SBREFA (5 U.S.C. 804(2)). It Paperwork Reduction Act 13563 directs agencies to consider would not have a significant impact on regulatory approaches that reduce a substantial number of small entities. This proposed rule does not contain burdens and maintain flexibility and a. This proposed rule would not have information collection requirements, freedom of choice for the public where an annual effect on the economy of $100 and a submission to the Office of these approaches are relevant, feasible, million or more. Management and Budget (OMB) under and consistent with regulatory b. This proposed rule would not cause the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 objectives. E.O. 13563 emphasizes a major increase in costs or prices for (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.) is not required. further that regulations must be based consumers, individual industries, We may not conduct or sponsor and you on the best available science and that Federal, State, or local government are not required to respond to a the rulemaking process must allow for agencies, or geographic regions. collection of information unless it public participation and an open c. This proposed rule would not have displays a currently valid OMB control exchange of ideas. We have developed significant adverse effects on number.

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National Environmental Policy Act language. This means that each rule we follow Clements Checklist of Birds of (NEPA) publish must: the World (Clements et al. 2017). (1) Be logically organized; (1) Alphabetical listing. Species are Given that the proposed revision of 50 (2) Use the active voice to address listed alphabetically by common CFR 10.13 is strictly administrative in readers directly; (English) group names, with the nature and will have no or minor (3) Use clear language rather than scientific name of each species environmental effects, it is categorically jargon; following the common name. excluded from further NEPA (4) Be divided into short sections and requirements (43 CFR 46.210(i)). ACCENTOR, Siberian, Prunella montanella sentences; and ‘AKEKE‘E, Loxops caeruleirostris Endangered Species Act (ESA) (5) Use lists and tables wherever ‘AKEPA, Hawaii, Loxops coccineus possible. Maui, Loxops ochraceus Of the species on the List of Migratory If you feel that we have not met these O‘ahu, Loxops wolstenholmei Birds, 84 species, subspecies, or distinct requirements, send us comments by one ‘AKIALOA, Kauai, Akialoa stejnegeri population segments are also listed as of the methods listed in ADDRESSES. To Maui Nui, Akialoa lanaiensis endangered or threatened under section better help us revise the rule, your O‘ahu, Akialoa ellisiana 4 of the ESA of 1973, as amended (16 comments should be as specific as ‘AKIAPOLA‘AU, Hemignathus wilsoni U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). No legal ‘AKIKIKI, Oreomystis bairdi possible. For example, you should tell ‘AKOHEKOHE, Palmeria dolei complications arise from the dual listing us the numbers of the sections or as the two lists are developed under ‘ALAUAHIO, Maui, Paroreomyza montana paragraphs that are unclearly written, O‘ahu, Paroreomyza maculata separate authorities and for different which sections or sentences are too ALBATROSS, Black-browed, Thalassarche purposes. Because this proposed rule is long, the sections where you feel lists or melanophris strictly administrative in nature, it has tables would be useful, etc. Black-footed, Phoebastria nigripes no effect on endangered or threatened Chatham, Thalassarche eremita species. Thus, it does not require References Cited Laysan, Phoebastria immutabilis consultation under section 7 of the ESA. A complete list of all references cited Light-mantled, Phoebetria palpebrata Salvin’s, Thalassarche salvini Government-to-Government is available on http:// Short-tailed, Phoebastria albatrus Relationship With Tribes www.regulations.gov under Docket No. Wandering, Diomedea exulans FWS–HQ–MB–2018–0047, and upon White-capped, Thalassarche cauta In accordance with the President’s request (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION Yellow-nosed, Thalassarche memorandum of April 29, 1994, CONTACT, above). chlororhynchos ‘‘Government-to-Government Relations ‘AMAKIHI, Hawaii, Chlorodrepanis virens with Native American tribal List of Subjects in Part 10 Kauai, Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri Governments’’ (59 FR 22951), Executive Exports, Fish, Imports, Law O‘ahu, Chlorodrepanis flava Order 13175, and 512 DM 2, we have enforcement, Plants, Transportation, ANHINGA, Anhinga anhinga ANI, Groove-billed, Crotophaga sulcirostris evaluated potential effects on federally Wildlife. recognized Indian tribes and have Smooth-billed, Crotophaga ani Proposed Regulation Promulgation ‘ANIANIAU, Magumma parva determined that there are no potential ‘APAPANE, Himatione sanguinea effects. The proposed revisions to For the reasons discussed in the AUKLET, Cassin’s, Ptychoramphus aleuticus existing regulations in this rule are preamble, we propose to amend title 50, Crested, Aethia cristatella purely administrative in nature and do chapter I, subchapter B, part 10 of the Least, Aethia pusilla not interfere with the tribes’ ability to Code of Federal Regulations, as follows: Parakeet, Aethia psittacula manage themselves or their funds or to Rhinoceros, Cerorhinca monocerata regulate migratory bird activities on PART 10—GENERAL PROVISIONS Whiskered, Aethia pygmaea tribal lands. AVOCET, American, Recurvirostra ■ 1. The authority citation for part 10 americana Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use continues to read as follows: BANANAQUIT, Coereba flaveola (Executive Order 13211) BEAN–GOOSE, Taiga, Anser fabalis Authority: 16 U.S.C. 668a–d, 703–712, Tundra, Anser serrirostris On May 18, 2001, the President issued 742a–j–l, 1361–1384, 1401–1407, 1531–1543, BEARDLESS–TYRANNULET, Northern, Executive Order 13211 addressing 3371–3378; 18 U.S.C. 42; 19 U.S.C. 1202. Camptostoma imberbe regulations that significantly affect ■ 2. Amend § 10.13 by revising BECARD, Gray-collared, Pachyramphus energy supply, distribution, and use. paragraph (c) to read as follows: major Executive Order 13211 requires agencies Rose-throated, Pachyramphus aglaiae to prepare Statements of Energy Effects § 10.13 List of Migratory Birds. BITTERN, American, Botaurus lentiginosus when undertaking certain actions. * * * * * Black, Ixobrychus flavicollis Because this proposed rule would only (c) What species are protected as Least, Ixobrychus exilis Schrenck’s, Ixobrychus eurhythmus affect the listing of protected species in migratory birds? Species protected as Yellow, Ixobrychus sinensis the United States, it is not a significant migratory birds are listed in two formats BLACKBIRD, Brewer’s, Euphagus regulatory action under Executive Order to suit the varying needs of the user: cyanocephalus 12866, and does not significantly affect Alphabetically in paragraph (c)(1) of Red-winged, Agelaius phoeniceus energy supplies, distribution, or use. this section and taxonomically in Rusty, Euphagus carolinus Therefore, this action is not a significant paragraph (c)(2) of this section. Tawny-shouldered, Agelaius humeralis energy action and no Statement of Taxonomy and nomenclature generally Tricolored, Agelaius tricolor Energy Effects is required. follow the 7th edition of the American Yellow-headed, Xanthocephalus Ornithologists’ Union’s (AOU, now xanthocephalus Clarity of the Proposed Rule Yellow-shouldered, Agelaius xanthomus recognized as American Ornithological BLUEBIRD, Eastern, Sialia sialis We are required by Executive Orders Society (AOS)) Check-list of North Mountain, Sialia currucoides 12866 and 12988 and by the American birds (1998, as amended Western, Sialia mexicana Presidential Memorandum of June 1, through 2018). For species not treated BLUETAIL, Red-flanked, Tarsiger cyanurus 1998, to write all rules in plain by the AOS Check-list, we generally BLUETHROAT, Cyanecula svecica

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BOBOLINK, Dolichonyx oryzivorus Whooping, Grus americana Peregrine, Falco peregrinus BOOBOOK, Northern, Ninox japonica CREEPER, Brown, Certhia americana Prairie, Falco mexicanus BOOBY, Abbott’s, Papasula abbotti Hawaii, Loxops mana Red-footed, Falco vespertinus Blue-footed, Sula nebouxii CROSSBILL, Cassia, Loxia sinesciuris FIELDFARE, Turdus pilaris Brown, Sula leucogaster Red, Loxia curvirostra FINCH, Cassin’s, Haemorhous cassinii Masked, Sula dactylatra White-winged, Loxia leucoptera House, Haemorhous mexicanus Nazca, Sula granti CROW, American, Corvus brachyrhynchos Laysan, Telespiza cantans Red-footed, Sula sula Fish, Corvus ossifragus Nihoa, Telespiza ultima BRAMBLING, Fringilla montifringilla Hawaiian, Corvus hawaiiensis Purple, Haemorhous purpureus BRANT, Branta bernicla Mariana, Corvus kubaryi FLAMINGO, American, Phoenicopterus BUFFLEHEAD, Bucephala albeola Northwestern, Corvus caurinus ruber BULLFINCH, Eurasian, Pyrrhula pyrrhula Tamaulipas, Corvus imparatus FLICKER, Gilded, Colaptes chrysoides Puerto Rican, Melopyrrha portoricensis White-necked, Corvus leucognaphalus Northern, Colaptes auratus BUNTING, Blue, Cyanocompsa parellina CUCKOO, Black-billed, Coccyzus FLYCATCHER, Acadian, Empidonax Gray, Emberiza variabilis erythropthalmus virescens Indigo, Passerina cyanea Common, Cuculus canorus Alder, Empidonax alnorum Lark, Calamospiza melanocorys Mangrove, Coccyzus minor Ash-throated, Myiarchus cinerascens Lazuli, Passerina amoena Oriental, Cuculus optatus Asian Brown, Muscicapa dauurica Little, Emberiza pusilla Yellow-billed, Coccyzus americanus Brown-crested, Myiarchus tyrannulus McKay’s, Plectrophenax hyperboreus CURLEW, Bristle-thighed, Numenius Buff-breasted, Empidonax fulvifrons Painted, Passerina ciris tahitiensis Cordilleran, Empidonax occidentalis Pallas’s, Emberiza pallasi Eskimo, Numenius borealis Crowned Slaty, Empidonomus Pine, Emberiza leucocephalos Eurasian, Numenius arquata aurantioatrocristatus Reed, Emberiza schoeniclus Far Eastern, Numenius madagascariensis Dark-sided, Muscicapa sibirica Rustic, Emberiza rustica Little, Numenius minutus Dusky, Empidonax oberholseri Snow, Plectrophenax nivalis Long-billed, Numenius americanus Dusky-capped, Myiarchus tuberculifer Varied, Passerina versicolor DICKCISSEL, Spiza americana Fork-tailed, Tyrannus savana Yellow-breasted, Emberiza aureola DIPPER, American, Cinclus mexicanus Gray, Empidonax wrightii Yellow-browed, Emberiza chrysophrys DOTTEREL, Eurasian, Charadrius morinellus Gray-streaked, Muscicapa griseisticta Yellow-throated, Emberiza elegans DOVE, Inca, Columbina inca Great Crested, Myiarchus crinitus BUSHTIT, Psaltriparus minimus Mourning, Zenaida macroura Hammond’s, Empidonax hammondii BUZZARD, Gray-faced, Butastur indicus White-tipped, Leptotila verreauxi La Sagra’s, Myiarchus sagrae CANVASBACK, Aythya valisineria White-winged, Zenaida asiatica Least, Empidonax minimus CARACARA, Crested, Caracara cheriway Zenaida, Zenaida aurita Mugimaki, Ficedula mugimaki CARDINAL, Northern, Cardinalis cardinalis DOVEKIE, Alle alle Narcissus, Ficedula narcissina CARIB, Green-throated, Eulampis DOWITCHER, Long-billed, Limnodromus Nutting’s, Myiarchus nuttingi holosericeus scolopaceus Olive-sided, Contopus cooperi Purple-throated, Eulampis jugularis Short-billed, Limnodromus griseus Pacific-slope, Empidonax difficilis CATBIRD, Black, Melanoptila glabrirostris DUCK, American Black, Anas rubripes Pine, Empidonax affinis Gray, Dumetella carolinensis Eastern Spot-billed, Anas zonorhyncha Piratic, Legatus leucophaius CHAFFINCH, Common, Fringilla coelebs Falcated, Mareca falcata Puerto Rican, Myiarchus antillarum CHAT, Yellow-breasted, Icteria virens Harlequin, Histrionicus histrionicus Scissor-tailed, Tyrannus forficatus CHICKADEE, Black-capped, Poecile Hawaiian, Anas wyvilliana Social, Myiozetetes similis atricapillus Laysan, Anas laysanensis Spotted, Muscicapa striata Boreal, Poecile hudsonicus Long-tailed, Clangula hyemalis Sulphur-bellied, Myiodynastes luteiventris Carolina, Poecile carolinensis Masked, Nomonyx dominicus Taiga, Ficedula albicilla Chestnut-backed, Poecile rufescens Mottled, Anas fulvigula Tufted, Mitrephanes phaeocercus Gray-headed, Poecile cinctus Muscovy, Cairina moschata Variegated, Empidonomus varius Mexican, Poecile sclateri Pacific Black, Anas superciliosa Vermilion, Pyrocephalus rubinus Mountain, Poecile gambeli Ring-necked, Aythya collaris Willow, Empidonax traillii CHIFFCHAFF, Common, Phylloscopus Ruddy, Oxyura jamaicensis Yellow-bellied, Empidonax flaviventris collybita Tufted, Aythya fuligula FOREST-FALCON, Collared, Micrastur CHUCK-WILL’S-WIDOW, Antrostomus Wood, Aix sponsa semitorquatus carolinensis DUNLIN, Calidris alpina FRIGATEBIRD, Great, Fregata minor CONDOR, California, Gymnogyps EAGLE, Bald, Haliaeetus leucocephalus Lesser, Fregata ariel californianus Golden, Aquila chrysaetos Magnificent, Fregata magnificens COOT, American, Fulica americana White-tailed, Haliaeetus albicilla FRUIT-DOVE, Crimson-crowned, Ptilinopus Eurasian, Fulica atra EGRET, Cattle, Bubulcus ibis porphyraceus Hawaiian, Fulica alai Chinese, Egretta eulophotes Many-colored, Ptilinopus perousii CORMORANT, Brandt’s, Phalacrocorax Great, Ardea alba Mariana, Ptilinopus roseicapilla penicillatus Intermediate, Ardea intermedia FULMAR, Northern, Fulmarus glacialis Double-crested, Phalacrocorax auritus Little, Egretta garzetta GADWALL, Mareca strepera Great, Phalacrocorax carbo Reddish, Egretta rufescens GALLINULE, Azure, Porphyrio flavirostris Little Pied, Phalacrocorax melanoleucos Snowy, Egretta thula Common, Gallinula galeata Neotropic, Phalacrocorax brasilianus EIDER, Common, Somateria mollissima Purple, Porphyrio martinicus Pelagic, Phalacrocorax pelagicus King, Somateria spectabilis GANNET, Northern, Morus bassanus Red-faced, Phalacrocorax urile Spectacled, Somateria fischeri GARGANEY, Spatula querquedula COWBIRD, Bronzed, Molothrus aeneus Steller’s, Polysticta stelleri GNATCATCHER, Black-capped, Polioptila Brown-headed, Molothrus ater ELAENIA, Caribbean, Elaenia martinica nigriceps Shiny, Molothrus bonariensis Greenish, Myiopagis viridicata Black-tailed, Polioptila melanura CRAKE, Corn, Crex crex White-crested, Elaenia albiceps Blue-Gray, Polioptila caerulea Paint-billed, Neocrex erythrops EMERALD, Puerto Rican, Chlorostilbon California, Polioptila californica Spotless, Porzana tabuensis maugaeus GODWIT, Bar-tailed, Limosa lapponica Yellow-breasted, Hapalocrex flaviventer EUPHONIA, Antillean, Euphonia musica Black-tailed, Limosa limosa CRANE, Common, Grus grus FALCON, Amur, Falco amurensis Hudsonian, Limosa haemastica Sandhill, Antigone canadensis Aplomado, Falco femoralis Marbled, Limosa fedoa

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GOLDENEYE, Barrow’s, Bucephala islandica Slaty-backed, Larus schistisagus Canada, Perisoreus canadensis Common, Bucephala clangula Swallow-tailed, Creagrus furcatus Green, Cyanocorax yncas GOLDEN-PLOVER, American, Pluvialis Western, Larus occidentalis Mexican, Aphelocoma wollweberi dominica Yellow-footed, Larus livens Pinyon, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus European, Pluvialis apricaria Yellow-legged, Larus michahellis Steller’s, Cyanocitta stelleri Pacific, Pluvialis fulva GYRFALCON, Falco rusticolus JUNCO, Dark-eyed, Junco hyemalis GOLDFINCH, American, Spinus tristis HARRIER, Northern, Circus hudsonius Yellow-eyed, Junco phaeonotus Lawrence’s, Spinus lawrencei HAWFINCH, Coccothraustes coccothraustes KA¯ KA¯ WAHIE, Paroreomyza flammea Lesser, Spinus psaltria HAWK, Broad-winged, Buteo platypterus KA¯ MA‘O, Myadestes myadestinus GOOSE, Barnacle, Branta leucopsis Common Black, Buteogallus anthracinus KESTREL, American, Falco sparverius Cackling, Branta hutchinsii Cooper’s, Accipiter cooperii Eurasian, Falco tinnunculus Canada, Branta canadensis Crane, Geranospiza caerulescens KILLDEER, Charadrius vociferus Emperor, Anser canagicus Ferruginous, Buteo regalis KINGBIRD, Cassin’s, Tyrannus vociferans Greater White-fronted, Anser albifrons Gray, Buteo plagiatus Couch’s, Tyrannus couchii Hawaiian, Branta sandvicensis Harris’s, Parabuteo unicinctus Eastern, Tyrannus tyrannus Lesser White-fronted, Anser erythropus Hawaiian, Buteo solitarius Gray, Tyrannus dominicensis Pink-footed, Anser brachyrhynchus Red-shouldered, Buteo lineatus Loggerhead, Tyrannus caudifasciatus Ross’s, Anser rossii Red-tailed, Buteo jamaicensis Thick-billed, Tyrannus crassirostris Snow, Anser caerulescens Roadside, Rupornis magnirostris Tropical, Tyrannus melancholicus GOSHAWK, Northern, Accipiter gentilis Rough-legged, Buteo lagopus Western, Tyrannus verticalis GRACKLE, Boat-tailed, Quiscalus major Sharp-shinned, Accipiter striatus KINGFISHER, Amazon, Chloroceryle Common, Quiscalus quiscula Short-tailed, Buteo brachyurus amazona Greater Antillean, Quiscalus niger Swainson’s, Buteo swainsoni Belted, Megaceryle alcyon Great-tailed, Quiscalus mexicanus White-tailed, Geranoaetus albicaudatus Common, Alcedo atthis GRASSHOPPER-WARBLER, Middendorff’s, Zone-tailed, Buteo albonotatus Green, Chloroceryle americana Locustella ochotensis HAWK-CUCKOO, Hodgson’s, Hierococcyx Guam, Todiramphus cinnamominus GRASSQUIT, Black-faced, Tiaris bicolor nisicolor Mariana, Todiramphus albicilla Yellow-faced, Tiaris olivaceus HERON, Gray, Ardea cinerea Pacific, Todiramphus sacer GREBE, Clark’s, Aechmophorus clarkii Great Blue, Ardea herodias Ringed, Megaceryle torquata Eared, Podiceps nigricollis Green, Butorides virescens KINGLET, Golden-crowned, Regulus satrapa Horned, Podiceps auritus Little Blue, Egretta caerulea Ruby-crowned, Regulus calendula Least, Tachybaptus dominicus Tricolored, Egretta tricolor KISKADEE, Great, Pitangus sulphuratus Pied-billed, Podilymbus podiceps HOBBY, Eurasian, Falco subbuteo KITE, Black, Milvus migrans Red-necked, Podiceps grisegena HONEYCREEPER, Laysan, Himatione fraithii Double-toothed, Harpagus bidentatus Western, Aechmophorus occidentalis Red-legged, Cyanerpes cyaneus Hook-billed, Chondrohierax uncinatus GREENFINCH, Oriental, Chloris sinica HOOPOE, Eurasian, Upupa epops Mississippi, Ictinia mississippiensis GREENSHANK, Common, Tringa nebularia HOUSE-MARTIN, Common, Delichon Snail, Rostrhamus sociabilis Nordmann’s, Tringa guttifer urbicum Swallow-tailed, Elanoides forficatus GROSBEAK, Black-headed, Pheucticus HUMMINGBIRD, Allen’s, Selasphorus sasin White-tailed, Elanus leucurus melanocephalus Amethyst-throated, Lampornis KITTIWAKE, Black-legged, Rissa tridactyla Blue, Passerina caerulea amethystinus Red-legged, Rissa brevirostris Crimson-collared, Rhodothraupis celaeno Anna’s, Calypte anna KNOT, Great, Calidris tenuirostris Evening, Coccothraustes vespertinus Antillean Crested, Orthorhyncus cristatus Red, Calidris canutus Pine, Pinicola enucleator Berylline, Amazilia beryllina KOEL, Long-tailed, Urodynamis taitensis Rose-breasted, Pheucticus ludovicianus Black-chinned, Archilochus alexandri LAPWING, Northern, Vanellus vanellus Yellow, Pheucticus chrysopeplus Blue-throated, Lampornis clemenciae LARK, Horned, Eremophila alpestris GROUND-DOVE, Common, Columbina Broad-billed, Cynanthus latirostris LIMPKIN, Aramus guarauna passerina Broad-tailed, Selasphorus platycercus LIZARD-CUCKOO, Puerto Rican, Coccyzus Ruddy, Columbina talpacoti Buff-bellied, Amazilia yucatanensis vieilloti Shy, Alopecoenas stairi Bumblebee, Atthis heloisa LONGSPUR, Chestnut-collared, Calcarius White-throated, Alopecoenas xanthonura Calliope, Selasphorus calliope ornatus GUILLEMOT, Black, Cepphus grylle Cinnamon, Amazilia rutila Lapland, Calcarius lapponicus Pigeon, Cepphus columba Costa’s, Calypte costae McCown’s, Rhynchophanes mccownii GULL, Belcher’s, Larus belcheri Lucifer, Calothorax lucifer Smith’s, Calcarius pictus Black-headed, Chroicocephalus ridibundus Rivoli’s, Eugenes fulgens LOON, Arctic, Gavia arctica Black-tailed, Larus crassirostris Ruby-throated, Archilochus colubris Common, Gavia immer Bonaparte’s, Chroicocephalus philadelphia Rufous, Selasphorus rufus Pacific, Gavia pacifica California, Larus californicus Vervain, Mellisuga minima Red-throated, Gavia stellata Franklin’s, Leucophaeus pipixcan Violet-crowned, Amazilia violiceps Yellow-billed, Gavia adamsii Glaucous, Larus hyperboreus White-eared, Hylocharis leucotis MAGPIE, Black-billed, Pica hudsonia Glaucous-winged, Larus glaucescens Xantus’s, Hylocharis xantusii Yellow-billed, Pica nuttalli Gray-hooded, Chroicocephalus IBIS, Glossy, Plegadis falcinellus MALLARD, Anas platyrhynchos cirrocephalus Scarlet, Eudocimus ruber MANGO, Antillean, Anthracothorax Great Black-backed, Larus marinus White, Eudocimus albus dominicus Heermann’s, Larus heermanni White-faced, Plegadis chihi Green, Anthracothorax viridis Herring, Larus argentatus ‘I‘IWI, Drepanis coccinea Green-breasted, Anthracothorax prevostii Iceland, Larus glaucoides IMPERIAL-PIGEON, Pacific, Ducula pacifica MARSH-HARRIER, Eastern, Circus Ivory, Pagophila eburnea JABIRU, Jabiru mycteria spilonotus Kelp, Larus dominicanus JACANA, Northern, Jacana spinosa MARTIN, Brown-chested, Progne tapera Laughing, Leucophaeus atricilla JACKDAW, Eurasian, Corvus monedula Caribbean, Progne dominicensis Lesser Black-backed, Larus fuscus JAEGER, Long-tailed, Stercorarius Cuban, Progne cryptoleuca Little, Hydrocoloeus minutus longicaudus Gray-breasted, Progne chalybea Mew, Larus canus Parasitic, Stercorarius parasiticus Purple, Progne subis Ring-billed, Larus delawarensis Pomarine, Stercorarius pomarinus Southern, Progne elegans Ross’s, Rhodostethia rosea JAY, Blue, Cyanocitta cristata MEADOWLARK, Eastern, Sturnella magna Sabine’s, Xema sabini Brown, Psilorhinus morio Western, Sturnella neglecta

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MERGANSER, Common, Mergus merganser Northern Hawk, Surnia ulula Mountain, Charadrius montanus Hooded, Lophodytes cucullatus Northern Saw-whet, Aegolius acadicus Piping, Charadrius melodus Red-breasted, Mergus serrator Short-eared, Asio flammeus Semipalmated, Charadrius semipalmatus MERLIN, Falco columbarius Snowy, Bubo scandiacus Snowy, Charadrius nivosus MILLERBIRD, Acrocephalus familiaris Spotted, Strix occidentalis Wilson’s, Charadrius wilsonia MOCKINGBIRD, Bahama, Mimus gundlachii Stygian, Asio stygius POCHARD, Baer’s, Aythya baeri Blue, Melanotis caerulescens OYSTERCATCHER, American, Haematopus Common, Aythya ferina Northern, Mimus polyglottos palliatus POND-HERON, Chinese, Ardeola bacchus MOORHEN, Common, Gallinula chloropus Black, Haematopus bachmani POORWILL, Common, Phalaenoptilus MURRE, Common, Uria aalge Eurasian, Haematopus ostralegus nuttallii Thick-billed, Uria lomvia PALILA, Loxioides bailleui PO‘OULI, Melamprosops phaeosoma MURRELET, Ancient, Synthliboramphus PALM-SWIFT, Antillean, Tachornis PUAIOHI, Myadestes palmeri antiquus phoenicobia PUFFIN, Atlantic, Fratercula arctica Craveri’s, Synthliboramphus craveri PARROTBILL, Maui, Pseudonestor Horned, Fratercula corniculata Guadalupe, Synthliboramphus hypoleucus xanthophrys Tufted, Fratercula cirrhata Kittlitz’s, Brachyramphus brevirostris PARULA, Northern, Setophaga americana PYGMY-OWL, Ferruginous, Glaucidium Long-billed, Brachyramphus perdix Tropical, Setophaga pitiayumi brasilianum Marbled, Brachyramphus marmoratus PAURAQUE, Common, Nyctidromus Northern, Glaucidium gnoma Scripps’s, Synthliboramphus scrippsi albicollis PYRRHULOXIA, Cardinalis sinuatus NEEDLETAIL, White-throated, Hirundapus PELICAN, American White, Pelecanus QUAIL-DOVE, Bridled, Geotrygon mystacea caudacutus erythrorhynchos Key West, Geotrygon chrysia NIGHTHAWK, Antillean, Chordeiles Brown, Pelecanus occidentalis Ruddy, Geotrygon montana gundlachii PETREL, Bermuda, Pterodroma cahow QUETZAL, Eared, Euptilotis neoxenus Common, Chordeiles minor Black-capped, Pterodroma hasitata RAIL, Black, Laterallus jamaicensis Lesser, Chordeiles acutipennis Black-winged, Pterodroma nigripennis Buff-banded, Gallirallus philippensis NIGHT-HERON, Black-crowned, Nycticorax Bonin, Pterodroma hypoleuca Clapper, Rallus crepitans nycticorax Bulwer’s, Bulweria bulwerii Guam, Gallirallus owstoni Japanese, Gorsachius goisagi Cook’s, Pterodroma cookii King, Rallus elegans Malayan, Gorsachius melanolophus Fea’s, Pterodroma feae Ridgway’s, Rallus obsoletus Rufous, Nycticorax caledonicus Gould’s, Pterodroma leucoptera Spotted, Pardirallus maculatus Yellow-crowned, Nyctanassa violacea Great-winged, Pterodroma macroptera Virginia, Rallus limicola NIGHTINGALE-THRUSH, Black-headed, Hawaiian, Pterodroma sandwichensis Yellow, Coturnicops noveboracensis Catharus mexicanus Herald, Pterodroma heraldica RAVEN, Chihuahuan, Corvus cryptoleucus Orange-billed, Catharus aurantiirostris Jouanin’s, Bulweria fallax Common, Corvus corax NIGHTJAR, Buff-collared, Antrostomus Juan Fernandez, Pterodroma externa RAZORBILL, Alca torda ridgwayi Kermadec, Pterodroma neglecta REDHEAD, Aythya americana Gray, Caprimulgus jotaka Mottled, Pterodroma inexpectata REDPOLL, Common, Acanthis flammea Puerto Rican, Antrostomus noctitherus Murphy’s, Pterodroma ultima Hoary, Acanthis hornemanni White-tailed, Hydropsalis cayennensis Parkinson’s, Procellaria parkinsoni REDSHANK, Common, Tringa totanus NODDY, Black, Anous minutus Phoenix, Pterodroma alba Spotted, Tringa erythropus Blue-gray, Anous ceruleus Providence, Pterodroma solandri REDSTART, American, Setophaga ruticilla Brown, Anous stolidus Stejneger’s, Pterodroma longirostris Common, Phoenicurus phoenicurus NUKUPU‘U, Kauai, Hemignathus hanapepe Tahiti, Pseudobulweria rostrata Painted, Myioborus pictus Maui, Hemignathus affinis Trindade, Pterodroma arminjoniana Slate-throated, Myioborus miniatus O‘ahu, Hemignathus lucidus White-chinned, Procellaria aequinoctialis REDWING, Turdus iliacus NUTCRACKER, Clark’s, Nucifraga White-necked, Pterodroma cervicalis REEF-HERON, Pacific, Egretta sacra columbiana Zino’s, Pterodroma madeira Western, Egretta gularis NUTHATCH, Brown-headed, Sitta pusilla PEWEE, Cuban, Contopus caribaeus ROADRUNNER, Greater, Geococcyx Pygmy, Sitta pygmaea Greater, Contopus pertinax californianus Red-breasted, Sitta canadensis Hispaniolan, Contopus hispaniolensis ROBIN, American, Turdus migratorius White-breasted, Sitta carolinensis Lesser Antillean, Contopus latirostris Rufous-backed, Turdus rufopalliatus OLOMA‘O, Myadestes lanaiensis PHAINOPEPLA, Phainopepla nitens Rufous-tailed, Larvivora sibilans ‘O˜ MA’O, Myadestes obscurus PHALAROPE, Red, Phalaropus fulicarius Siberian Blue, Larvivora cyane ORIOLE, Altamira, Icterus gularis Red-necked, Phalaropus lobatus ROCK-THRUSH, Blue, Monticola solitarius Audubon’s, Icterus graduacauda Wilson’s, Phalaropus tricolor ROSEFINCH, Common, Carpodacus Baltimore, Icterus galbula PHOEBE, Black, Sayornis nigricans erythrinus Black-vented, Icterus wagleri Eastern, Sayornis phoebe ROSY-FINCH, Asian, Leucosticte arctoa Bullock’s, Icterus bullockii Say’s, Sayornis saya Black, Leucosticte atrata Hooded, Icterus cucullatus PIGEON, Band-tailed, Patagioenas fasciata Brown-capped, Leucosticte australis Orchard, Icterus spurius Plain, Patagioenas inornata Gray-crowned, Leucosticte tephrocotis Puerto Rican, Icterus portoricensis Red-billed, Patagioenas flavirostris RUBYTHROAT, Siberian, Calliope calliope Scott’s, Icterus parisorum Scaly-naped, Patagioenas squamosa RUFF, Calidris pugnax Streak-backed, Icterus pustulatus White-crowned, Patagioenas leucocephala SANDERLING, Calidris alba OSPREY, Pandion haliaetus PINTAIL, Northern, Anas acuta SANDPIPER, Baird’s, Calidris bairdii ‘O˜ ‘U˜ , Psittirostra psittacea White-cheeked, Anas bahamensis Broad-billed, Calidris falcinellus OVENBIRD, Seiurus aurocapilla PIPIT, American, Anthus rubescens Buff-breasted, Calidris subruficollis OWL, Barn, Tyto alba Olive-backed, Anthus hodgsoni Common, Actitis hypoleucos Barred, Strix varia Pechora, Anthus gustavi Curlew, Calidris ferruginea Boreal, Aegolius funereus Red-throated, Anthus cervinus Green, Tringa ochropus Burrowing, Athene cunicularia Sprague’s, Anthus spragueii Least, Calidris minutilla Elf, Micrathene whitneyi Tree, Anthus trivialis Marsh, Tringa stagnatilis Flammulated, Psiloscops flammeolus PLOVER, Black-bellied, Pluvialis squatarola Pectoral, Calidris melanotos Great Gray, Strix nebulosa Collared, Charadrius collaris Purple, Calidris maritima Great Horned, Bubo virginianus Common Ringed, Charadrius hiaticula Rock, Calidris ptilocnemis Long-eared, Asio otus Kentish, Charadrius alexandrinus Semipalmated, Calidris pusilla Mottled, Ciccaba virgata Little Ringed, Charadrius dubius Sharp-tailed, Calidris acuminata

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Solitary, Tringa solitaria SPARROW, American Tree, Spizelloides SWALLOW, Bahama, Tachycineta Spoon-billed, Calidris pygmea arborea cyaneoviridis Spotted, Actitis macularius Bachman’s, Peucaea aestivalis Bank, Riparia riparia Stilt, Calidris himantopus Baird’s, Centronyx bairdii Barn, Hirundo rustica Terek, Xenus cinereus Bell’s, Artemisiospiza belli Cave, Petrochelidon fulva Upland, Bartramia longicauda Black-chinned, Spizella atrogularis Cliff, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Western, Calidris mauri Black-throated, Amphispiza bilineata Mangrove, Tachycineta albilinea White-rumped, Calidris fuscicollis Botteri’s, Peucaea botterii Northern Rough-winged, Stelgidopteryx Wood, Tringa glareola Brewer’s, Spizella breweri serripennis SAND-PLOVER, Greater, Charadrius Cassin’s, Peucaea cassinii Tree, Tachycineta bicolor leschenaultii Chipping, Spizella passerina Violet-green, Tachycineta thalassina Lesser, Charadrius mongolus Clay-colored, Spizella pallida SWAMPHEN, Purple, Porphyrio porphyrio SAPSUCKER, Red-breasted, Sphyrapicus Field, Spizella pusilla SWAN, Trumpeter, Cygnus buccinator ruber Five-striped, Amphispiza quinquestriata Tundra, Cygnus columbianus Red-naped, Sphyrapicus nuchalis Fox, Passerella iliaca Whooper, Cygnus cygnus Williamson’s, Sphyrapicus thyroideus Golden-crowned, Zonotrichia atricapilla SWIFT, Alpine, Apus melba Yellow-bellied, Sphyrapicus varius Grasshopper, Ammodramus savannarum Black, Cypseloides niger SCAUP, Greater, Aythya marila Harris’s, Zonotrichia querula Chimney, Chaetura pelagica Lesser, Aythya affinis Henslow’s, Centronyx henslowii Common, Apus apus SCOPS-OWL, Oriental, Otus sunia Lark, Chondestes grammacus Fork-tailed, Apus pacificus SCOTER, Black, Melanitta americana LeConte’s, Ammospiza leconteii Short-tailed, Chaetura brachyura Common, Melanitta nigra Lincoln’s, Melospiza lincolnii Vaux’s, Chaetura vauxi Surf, Melanitta perspicillata Nelson’s, Ammospiza nelsoni White-collared, Streptoprocne zonaris White-winged, Melanitta fusca Olive, Arremonops rufivirgatus White-throated, Aeronautes saxatalis SCREECH-OWL, Eastern, Megascops asio Rufous-crowned, Aimophila ruficeps SWIFTLET, Mariana, Aerodramus bartschi Puerto Rican, Megascops nudipes Rufous-winged, Peucaea carpalis White-rumped, Aerodramus spodiopygius Western, Megascops kennicottii Sagebrush, Artemisiospiza nevadensis TANAGER, Flame-colored, Piranga bidentata Whiskered, Megascops trichopsis Saltmarsh, Ammospiza caudacuta Hepatic, Piranga flava SCRUB-JAY, California, Aphelocoma Savannah, Passerculus sandwichensis Puerto Rican, Nesospingus speculiferus californica Seaside, Ammospiza maritima Scarlet, Piranga olivacea Florida, Aphelocoma coerulescens Song, Melospiza melodia Summer, Piranga rubra Island, Aphelocoma insularis Swamp, Melospiza georgiana Western, Piranga ludoviciana Woodhouse’s, Aphelocoma woodhouseii Vesper, Pooecetes gramineus TATTLER, Gray-tailed, Tringa brevipes SEA-EAGLE, Steller’s, Haliaeetus pelagicus White-crowned, Zonotrichia leucophrys Wandering, Tringa incana SEEDEATER, Morelet’s, Sporophila morelleti White-throated, Zonotrichia albicollis TEAL, Baikal, Sibirionetta formosa SHEARWATER, Audubon’s, Puffinus Worthen’s, Spizella wortheni Blue-winged, Spatula discors lherminieri SPARROWHAWK, Chinese, Accipiter Cinnamon, Spatula cyanoptera Barolo, Puffinus baroli soloensis Green-winged, Anas crecca Black-vented, Puffinus opisthomelas Japanese, Accipiter gularis TERN, Aleutian, Onychoprion aleuticus Bryan’s, Puffinus bryani SPINDALIS, Puerto Rican, Spindalis Arctic, Sterna paradisaea Buller’s, Ardenna bulleri portoricensis Black, Chlidonias niger Cape Verde, Calonectris edwardsii Western, Spindalis zena Black-naped, Sterna sumatrana Christmas, Puffinus nativitatis SPOONBILL, Roseate, Platalea ajaja Bridled, Onychoprion anaethetus Cory’s, Calonectris diomedea STARLING, Chestnut-cheeked, Agropsar Caspian, Hydroprogne caspia Flesh-footed, Ardenna carneipes philippensis Common, Sterna hirundo Great, Ardenna gravis White-cheeked, Spodiopsar cineraceus Elegant, Thalasseus elegans Manx, Puffinus puffinus STARTHROAT, Plain-capped, Heliomaster Forster’s, Sterna forsteri Newell’s, Puffinus newelli constantii Gray-backed, Onychoprion lunatus Pink-footed, Ardenna creatopus STILT, Black-necked, Himantopus Great Crested, Thalasseus bergii Short-tailed, Ardenna tenuirostris mexicanus Gull-billed, Gelochelidon nilotica Sooty, Ardenna grisea Black-winged, Himantopus himantopus Large-billed, Phaetusa simplex Streaked, Calonectris leucomelas STINT, Little, Calidris minuta Least, Sternula antillarum Wedge-tailed, Ardenna pacifica Long-toed, Calidris subminuta Little, Sternula albifrons SHOVELER, Northern, Spatula clypeata Red-necked, Calidris ruficollis Roseate, Sterna dougallii SHRIKE, Brown, Lanius cristatus Temminck’s, Calidris temminckii Royal, Thalasseus maximus Loggerhead, Lanius ludovicianus STONECHAT, Saxicola torquatus Sandwich, Thalasseus sandvicensis Northern, Lanius borealis STORK, Wood, Mycteria americana Sooty, Onychoprion fuscatus SILKY-FLYCATCHER, Gray, Ptiliogonys STORM-PETREL, Ashy, Oceanodroma Whiskered, Chlidonias hybrida cinereus homochroa White, Gygis alba SISKIN, Eurasian, Spinus spinus Band-rumped, Oceanodroma castro White-winged, Chlidonias leucopterus Pine, Spinus pinus Black, Oceanodroma melania THRASHER, Bendire’s, Toxostoma bendirei SKIMMER, Black, Rynchops niger Black-bellied, Fregetta tropica Brown, Toxostoma rufum SKUA, Great, Stercorarius skua Fork-tailed, Oceanodroma furcata California, Toxostoma redivivum South Polar, Stercorarius maccormicki Leach’s, Oceanodroma leucorhoa Crissal, Toxostoma crissale SKYLARK, Eurasian, Alauda arvensis Least, Oceanodroma microsoma Curve-billed, Toxostoma curvirostre SMEW, Mergellus albellus Matsudaira’s, Oceanodroma matsudairae LeConte’s, Toxostoma lecontei SNIPE, Common, Gallinago gallinago Polynesian, Nesofregetta fuliginosa Long-billed, Toxostoma longirostre Jack, Lymnocryptes minimus Ringed, Oceanodroma hornbyi Pearly-eyed, Margarops fuscatus Pin-tailed, Gallinago stenura Swinhoe’s, Oceanodroma monorhis Sage, Oreoscoptes montanus Solitary, Gallinago solitaria Townsend’s, Oceanodroma socorroensis THRUSH, Aztec, Ridgwayia pinicola Swinhoe’s, Gallinago megala Tristram’s, Oceanodroma tristrami Bicknell’s, Catharus bicknelli Wilson’s, Gallinago delicata Wedge-rumped, Oceanodroma tethys Clay-colored, Turdus grayi SOLITAIRE, Brown-backed, Myadestes White-bellied, Fregetta grallaria Dusky, Turdus naumanni occidentalis White-faced, Pelagodroma marina Eyebrowed, Turdus obscurus Townsend’s, Myadestes townsendi Wilson’s, Oceanites oceanicus Gray-cheeked, Catharus minimus SORA, Porzana carolina SURFBIRD, Calidris virgata Hermit, Catharus guttatus

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Red-legged, Turdus plumbeus Colima, Oreothlypis crissalis Hairy, Dryobates villosus Swainson’s, Catharus ustulatus Connecticut, Oporornis agilis Ivory-billed, Campephilus principalis Varied, Ixoreus naevius Crescent-chested, Oreothlypis superciliosa Ladder-backed, Dryobates scalaris White-throated, Turdus assimilis Dusky, Phylloscopus fuscatus Lewis’s, Melanerpes lewis Wood, Hylocichla mustelina Elfin-woods, Setophaga angelae Nuttall’s, Dryobates nuttallii TIGER-HERON, Bare-throated, Tigrisoma Fan-tailed, Basileuterus lachrymosus Pileated, Dryocopus pileatus mexicanum Golden-cheeked, Setophaga chrysoparia Puerto Rican, Melanerpes portoricensis TITMOUSE, Black-crested, Baeolophus Golden-crowned, Basileuterus culicivorus Red-bellied, Melanerpes carolinus atricristatus Golden-winged, Vermivora chrysoptera Red-cockaded, Dryobates borealis Bridled, Baeolophus wollweberi Grace’s, Setophaga graciae Red-headed, Melanerpes erythrocephalus Juniper, Baeolophus ridgwayi Hermit, Setophaga occidentalis White-headed, Dryobates albolarvatus Oak, Baeolophus inornatus Hooded, Setophaga citrina WOOD-PEWEE, Eastern, Contopus virens Tufted, Baeolophus bicolor Kamchatka Leaf, Phylloscopus Western, Contopus sordidulus TITYRA, Masked, Tityra semifasciata examinandus WOOD-RAIL, Rufous-necked, Aramides TOWHEE, Abert’s, Melozone aberti Kentucky, Geothlypis formosa axillaris California, Melozone crissalis Kirtland’s, Setophaga kirtlandii WOODSTAR, Bahama, Calliphlox evelynae Canyon, Melozone fusca Lanceolated, Locustella lanceolata WREN, Bewick’s, Thryomanes bewickii Eastern, Pipilo erythrophthalmus Lucy’s, Oreothlypis luciae Cactus, Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus Green-tailed, Pipilo chlorurus MacGillivray’s, Geothlypis tolmiei Canyon, Catherpes mexicanus Spotted, Pipilo maculatus Magnolia, Setophaga magnolia Carolina, Thryothorus ludovicianus TROGON, Elegant, Trogon elegans Mourning, Geothlypis philadelphia House, Troglodytes aedon TROPICBIRD, Red-billed, Phaethon Nashville, Oreothlypis ruficapilla Marsh, Cistothorus palustris aethereus Nightingale Reed, Acrocephalus luscinius Pacific, Troglodytes pacificus Red-tailed, Phaethon rubricauda Olive, Peucedramus taeniatus Rock, Salpinctes obsoletus White-tailed, Phaethon lepturus Orange-crowned, Oreothlypis celata Sedge, Cistothorus platensis TURNSTONE, Black, Arenaria Pagan Reed, Acrocephalus yamashinae Sinaloa, Thryophilus sinaloa melanocephala Pallas’s Leaf, Phylloscopus proregulus Winter, Troglodytes hiemalis Ruddy, Arenaria interpres Palm, Setophaga palmarum WRENTIT, Chamaea fasciata TURTLE-DOVE, European, Streptopelia Pine, Setophaga pinus WRYNECK, Eurasian, Jynx torquilla turtur Prairie, Setophaga discolor YELLOWLEGS, Greater, Tringa melanoleuca Oriental, Streptopelia orientalis Prothonotary, Protonotaria citrea Lesser, Tringa flavipes VEERY, Catharus fuscescens Red-faced, Cardellina rubrifrons YELLOWTHROAT, Common, Geothlypis VERDIN, Auriparus flaviceps Rufous-capped, Basileuterus rufifrons trichas VIOLETEAR, Mexican, Colibri thalassinus Saipan Reed, Acrocephalus hiwae Gray-crowned, Geothlypis poliocephala VIREO, Bell’s, Vireo bellii Sedge, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (2) Taxonomic listing. Species are listed in Black-capped, Vireo atricapilla Swainson’s, Limnothlypis swainsonii phylogenetic sequence by scientific name, Black-whiskered, Vireo altiloquus Tennessee, Oreothlypis peregrina with the common (English) name following Blue-headed, Vireo solitarius Townsend’s, Setophaga townsendi the scientific name. To help clarify species Cassin’s, Vireo cassinii Virginia’s, Oreothlypis virginiae relationships, we also list the higher-level Cuban, Vireo gundlachii Willow, Phylloscopus trochilus taxonomic categories of Order, Family, and Gray, Vireo vicinior Wilson’s, Cardellina pusilla Subfamily. Hutton’s, Vireo huttoni Wood, Phylloscopus sibilatrix Order ANSERIFORMES Philadelphia, Vireo philadelphicus Worm-eating, Helmitheros vermivorum Family ANATIDAE Plumbeous, Vireo plumbeus Yellow, Setophaga petechia Subfamily DENDROCYGNINAE Puerto Rican, Vireo latimeri Yellow-browed, Phylloscopus inornatus Dendrocygna autumnalis, Black-bellied Red-eyed, Vireo olivaceus Yellow-rumped, Setophaga coronata Whistling-Duck Thick-billed, Vireo crassirostris Yellow-throated, Setophaga dominica Dendrocygna arborea, West Indian Warbling, Vireo gilvus WATERTHRUSH, Louisiana, Parkesia Whistling-Duck White-eyed, Vireo griseus motacilla Dendrocygna bicolor, Fulvous Whistling- Yellow-green, Vireo flavoviridis Northern, Parkesia noveboracensis Duck Yellow-throated, Vireo flavifrons WAXWING, Bohemian, Bombycilla garrulus Subfamily ANSERINAE Yucatan, Vireo magister Cedar, Bombycilla cedrorum Anser canagicus, Emperor Goose VULTURE, Black, Coragyps atratus WHEATEAR, Northern, Oenanthe oenanthe Anser caerulescens, Snow Goose Turkey, Cathartes aura WHIMBREL, Numenius phaeopus Anser rossii, Ross’s Goose WAGTAIL, Citrine, Motacilla citreola WHIP-POOR-WILL, Eastern, Antrostomus Anser albifrons, Greater White-fronted Eastern Yellow, Motacilla tschutschensis vociferus Goose Gray, Motacilla cinerea Mexican, Antrostomus arizonae Anser erythropus, Lesser White-fronted White, Motacilla alba WHISTLING-DUCK, Black-bellied, Goose WARBLER, Adelaide’s, Setophaga adelaidae Dendrocygna autumnalis Anser fabalis, Taiga Bean-Goose Aguiguan Reed, Acrocephalus nijoi Fulvous, Dendrocygna bicolor Anser serrirostris, Tundra Bean-Goose Arctic, Phylloscopus borealis West Indian, Dendrocygna arborea Anser brachyrhynchus, Pink-footed Goose Bachman’s, Vermivora bachmanii WHITETHROAT, Lesser, Sylvia curruca Branta bernicla, Brant Bay-breasted, Setophaga castanea WIGEON, American, Mareca americana Branta leucopsis, Barnacle Goose Black-and-white, Mniotilta varia Eurasian, Mareca penelope Branta hutchinsii, Cackling Goose Blackburnian, Setophaga fusca WILLET, Tringa semipalmata Branta canadensis, Canada Goose Blackpoll, Setophaga striata WOODCOCK, American, Scolopax minor Branta sandvicensis, Hawaiian Goose Black-throated Blue, Setophaga Eurasian, Scolopax rusticola Cygnus buccinator, Trumpeter Swan caerulescens WOODPECKER, Acorn, Melanerpes Cygnus columbianus, Tundra Swan Black-throated Gray, Setophaga nigrescens formicivorus Cygnus cygnus, Whooper Swan Black-throated Green, Setophaga virens American Three-toed, Picoides dorsalis Subfamily ANATINAE Blue-winged, Vermivora cyanoptera Arizona, Dryobates arizonae Cairina moschata, Muscovy Duck Blyth’s Reed, Acrocephalus dumetorum Black-backed, Picoides arcticus Aix sponsa, Wood Duck Canada, Cardellina canadensis Downy, Dryobates pubescens Sibirionetta formosa, Baikal Teal Cape May, Setophaga tigrina Gila, Melanerpes uropygialis Spatula querquedula, Garganey Cerulean, Setophaga cerulea Golden-fronted, Melanerpes aurifrons Spatula discors, Blue-winged Teal Chestnut-sided, Setophaga pensylvanica Great Spotted, Dendrocopos major Spatula cyanoptera, Cinnamon Teal

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Spatula clypeata, Northern Shoveler Geotrygon chrysia, Key West Quail-Dove Tachornis phoenicobia, Antillean Palm- Mareca strepera, Gadwall Geotrygon mystacea, Bridled Quail-Dove Swift Mareca falcata, Falcated Duck Leptotila verreauxi, White-tipped Dove Family TROCHILIDAE Mareca penelope, Eurasian Wigeon Zenaida asiatica, White-winged Dove Subfamily TROCHILINAE Mareca americana, American Wigeon Zenaida aurita, Zenaida Dove Colibri thalassinus, Mexican Violetear Anas laysanensis, Laysan Duck Zenaida macroura, Mourning Dove Anthracothorax prevostii, Green-breasted Anas wyvilliana, Hawaiian Duck Ptilinopus perousii, Many-colored Fruit- Mango Anas zonorhyncha, Eastern Spot-billed Dove Anthracothorax dominicus, Antillean Duck Ptilinopus porphyraceus, Crimson- Mango Anas platyrhynchos, Mallard crowned Fruit-Dove Anthracothorax viridis, Green Mango Anas rubripes, American Black Duck Ptilinopus roseicapilla, Mariana Fruit-Dove Eulampis jugularis, Purple-throated Carib Anas fulvigula, Mottled Duck Ducula pacifica, Pacific Imperial-Pigeon Eulampis holosericeus, Green-throated Anas superciliosa, Pacific Black Duck Order CUCULIFORMES Carib Anas bahamensis, White-cheeked Pintail Family CUCULIDAE Eugenes fulgens, Rivoli’s Hummingbird Anas acuta, Northern Pintail Subfamily CUCULINAE Heliomaster constantii, Plain-capped Anas crecca, Green-winged Teal Urodynamis taitensis, Long-tailed Koel Starthroat Aythya valisineria, Canvasback Hierococcyx nisicolor, Hodgson’s Hawk- Lampornis amethystinus, Amethyst- Aythya americana, Redhead Cuckoo throated Hummingbird Aythya ferina, Common Pochard Cuculus canorus, Common Cuckoo Lampornis clemenciae, Blue-throated Aythya baeri, Baer’s Pochard Cuculus optatus, Oriental Cuckoo Hummingbird Aythya collaris, Ring-necked Duck Coccyzus americanus, Yellow-billed Calliphlox evelynae, Bahama Woodstar Aythya fuligula, Tufted Duck Cuckoo Calothorax lucifer, Lucifer Hummingbird Aythya marila, Greater Scaup Coccyzus minor, Mangrove Cuckoo Archilochus colubris, Ruby-throated Aythya affinis, Lesser Scaup Coccyzus erythropthalmus, Black-billed Hummingbird Polysticta stelleri, Steller’s Eider Cuckoo Archilochus alexandri, Black-chinned Somateria fischeri, Spectacled Eider Coccyzus vieilloti, Puerto Rican Lizard- Hummingbird Somateria spectabilis, King Eider Cuckoo Mellisuga minima, Vervain Hummingbird Somateria mollissima, Common Eider Subfamily NEOMORPHINAE Calypte anna, Anna’s Hummingbird Histrionicus histrionicus, Harlequin Duck Geococcyx californianus, Greater Calypte costae, Costa’s Hummingbird Melanitta perspicillata, Surf Scoter Roadrunner Atthis heloisa, Bumblebee Hummingbird Melanitta fusca, White-winged Scoter Subfamily CROTOPHAGINAE Selasphorus platycercus, Broad-tailed Melanitta nigra, Common Scoter Crotophaga ani, Smooth-billed Ani Hummingbird Melanitta americana, Black Scoter Crotophaga sulcirostris, Groove-billed Ani Selasphorus rufus, Rufous Hummingbird Clangula hyemalis, Long-tailed Duck Order CAPRIMULGIFORMES Selasphorus sasin, Allen’s Hummingbird Bucephala albeola, Bufflehead Family CAPRIMULGIDAE Selasphorus calliope, Calliope Bucephala clangula, Common Goldeneye Subfamily CHORDEILINAE Hummingbird Bucephala islandica, Barrow’s Goldeneye Chordeiles acutipennis, Lesser Nighthawk Chlorostilbon maugaeus, Puerto Rican Mergellus albellus, Smew Chordeiles minor, Common Nighthawk Emerald Lophodytes cucullatus, Hooded Merganser Chordeiles gundlachii, Antillean Cynanthus latirostris, Broad-billed Mergus merganser, Common Merganser Nighthawk Hummingbird Mergus serrator, Red-breasted Merganser Subfamily CAPRIMULGINAE Orthorhyncus cristatus, Antillean Crested Nomonyx dominicus, Masked Duck Nyctidromus albicollis, Common Pauraque Hummingbird Oxyura jamaicensis, Ruddy Duck Phalaenoptilus nuttallii, Common Poorwill Amazilia beryllina, Berylline Order PHOENICOPTERIFORMES Antrostomus carolinensis, Chuck-will’s- Hummingbird Family PHOENICOPTERIDAE widow Amazilia yucatanensis, Buff-bellied Phoenicopterus ruber, American Flamingo Antrostomus ridgwayi, Buff-collared Hummingbird Order PODICIPEDIFORMES Nightjar Amazilia rutila, Cinnamon Hummingbird Family PODICIPEDIDAE Antrostomus vociferus, Eastern Whip-poor- Amazilia violiceps, Violet-crowned Tachybaptus dominicus, Least Grebe will Hummingbird Podilymbus podiceps, Pied-billed Grebe Antrostomus arizonae, Mexican Whip- Hylocharis leucotis, White-eared Podiceps auritus, Horned Grebe poor-will Hummingbird Podiceps grisegena, Red-necked Grebe Antrostomus noctitherus, Puerto Rican Hylocharis xantusii, Xantus’s Podiceps nigricollis, Eared Grebe Nightjar Hummingbird Aechmophorus occidentalis, Western Hydropsalis cayennensis, White-tailed Order GRUIFORMES Grebe Nightjar Family RALLIDAE Aechmophorus clarkii, Clark’s Grebe Caprimulgus jotaka, Gray Nightjar Coturnicops noveboracensis, Yellow Rail Order COLUMBIFORMES Order APODIFORMES Laterallus jamaicensis, Black Rail Family COLUMBIDAE Family APODIDAE Gallirallus philippensis, Buff-banded Rail Patagioenas squamosa, Scaly-naped Subfamily CYPSELOIDINAE Gallirallus owstoni, Guam Rail Pigeon Cypseloides niger, Black Swift Crex crex, Corn Crake Patagioenas leucocephala, White-crowned Streptoprocne zonaris, White-collared Rallus obsoletus, Ridgway’s Rail Pigeon Swift Rallus crepitans, Clapper Rail Patagioenas flavirostris, Red-billed Pigeon Subfamily CHAETURINAE Rallus elegans, King Rail Patagioenas inornata, Plain Pigeon Chaetura pelagica, Chimney Swift Rallus limicola, Virginia Rail Patagioenas fasciata, Band-tailed Pigeon Chaetura vauxi, Vaux’s Swift Aramides axillaris, Rufous-necked Wood- Streptopelia orientalis, Oriental Turtle- Chaetura brachyura, Short-tailed Swift Rail Dove Hirundapus caudacutus, White-throated Porzana carolina, Sora Alopecoenas xanthonura, White-throated Needletail Porzana tabuensis, Spotless Crake Ground-Dove Aerodramus spodiopygius, White-rumped Hapalocrex flaviventer, Yellow-breasted Alopecoenas stairi, Shy Ground-Dove Swiftlet Crake Streptopelia turtur, European Turtle-Dove Aerodramus bartschi, Mariana Swiftlet Neocrex erythrops, Paint-billed Crake Columbina inca, Inca Dove Subfamily APODINAE Pardirallus maculatus, Spotted Rail Columbina passerina, Common Ground- Apus apus, Common Swift Porphyrio martinicus, Purple Gallinule Dove Apus pacificus, Fork-tailed Swift Porphyrio flavirostris, Azure Gallinule Columbina talpacoti, Ruddy Ground-Dove Apus melba, Alpine Swift Porphyrio porphyrio, Purple Swamphen Geotrygon montana, Ruddy Quail-Dove Aeronautes saxatalis, White-throated Swift Gallinula galeata, Common Gallinule

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Gallinula chloropus, Common Moorhen Calidris falcinellus, Broad-billed Brachyramphus brevirostris, Kittlitz’s Fulica atra, Eurasian Coot Sandpiper Murrelet Fulica alai, Hawaiian Coot Calidris acuminata, Sharp-tailed Synthliboramphus scrippsi, Scripps’s Fulica americana, American Coot Sandpiper Murrelet Family ARAMIDAE Calidris himantopus, Stilt Sandpiper Synthliboramphus hypoleucus, Guadalupe Aramus guarauna, Limpkin Calidris ferruginea, Curlew Sandpiper Murrelet Family GRUIDAE Calidris temminckii, Temminck’s Stint Synthliboramphus craveri, Craveri’s Subfamily GRUINAE Calidris subminuta, Long-toed Stint Murrelet Antigone canadensis, Sandhill Crane Calidris pygmea, Spoon-billed Sandpiper Synthliboramphus antiquus, Ancient Grus grus, Common Crane Calidris ruficollis, Red-necked Stint Murrelet Grus americana, Whooping Crane Calidris alba, Sanderling Ptychoramphus aleuticus, Cassin’s Auklet Order CHARADRIIFORMES Calidris alpina, Dunlin Aethia psittacula, Parakeet Auklet Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE Calidris ptilocnemis, Rock Sandpiper Aethia pusilla, Least Auklet Himantopus himantopus, Black-winged Calidris maritima, Purple Sandpiper Aethia pygmaea, Whiskered Auklet Stilt Calidris bairdii, Baird’s Sandpiper Aethia cristatella, Crested Auklet Himantopus mexicanus, Black-necked Stilt Calidris minuta, Little Stint Cerorhinca monocerata, Rhinoceros Auklet Recurvirostra americana, American Avocet Calidris minutilla, Least Sandpiper Fratercula arctica, Atlantic Puffin Family HAEMATOPODIDAE Calidris fuscicollis, White-rumped Fratercula corniculata, Horned Puffin Haematopus ostralegus, Eurasian Sandpiper Fratercula cirrhata, Tufted Puffin Oystercatcher Calidris subruficollis, Buff-breasted Family LARIDAE Haematopus palliatus, American Sandpiper Subfamily LARINAE Oystercatcher Calidris melanotos, Pectoral Sandpiper Creagrus furcatus, Swallow-tailed Gull Haematopus bachmani, Black Calidris pusilla, Semipalmated Sandpiper Rissa tridactyla, Black-legged Kittiwake Oystercatcher Calidris mauri, Western Sandpiper Rissa brevirostris, Red-legged Kittiwake Family CHARADRIIDAE Subfamily SCOLOPACINAE Pagophila eburnea, Ivory Gull Subfamily VANELLINAE Limnodromus griseus, Short-billed Xema sabini, Sabine’s Gull Vanellus vanellus, Northern Lapwing Dowitcher Chroicocephalus philadelphia, Bonaparte’s Subfamily CHARADRIINAE Limnodromus scolopaceus, Long-billed Gull Pluvialis squatarola, Black-bellied Plover Dowitcher Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus, Gray- Pluvialis apricaria, European Golden- Lymnocryptes minimus, Jack Snipe hooded Gull Plover Scolopax rusticola, Eurasian Woodcock Chroicocephalus ridibundus, Black-headed Pluvialis dominica, American Golden- Scolopax minor, American Woodcock Gull Plover Gallinago solitaria, Solitary Snipe Hydrocoloeus minutus, Little Gull Pluvialis fulva, Pacific Golden-Plover Gallinago stenura, Pin-tailed Snipe Rhodostethia rosea, Ross’s Gull Charadrius mongolus, Lesser Sand-Plover Gallinago megala, Swinhoe’s Snipe Leucophaeus atricilla, Laughing Gull Charadrius leschenaultii, Greater Sand- Gallinago gallinago, Common Snipe Leucophaeus pipixcan, Franklin’s Gull Plover Gallinago delicata, Wilson’s Snipe Larus belcheri, Belcher’s Gull Charadrius collaris, Collared Plover Subfamily TRINGINAE Larus crassirostris, Black-tailed Gull Charadrius alexandrinus, Kentish Plover Xenus cinereus, Terek Sandpiper Larus heermanni, Heermann’s Gull Charadrius nivosus, Snowy Plover Actitis hypoleucos, Common Sandpiper Larus canus, Mew Gull Charadrius wilsonia, Wilson’s Plover Actitis macularius, Spotted Sandpiper Larus delawarensis, Ring-billed Gull Charadrius hiaticula, Common Ringed Tringa ochropus, Green Sandpiper Larus occidentalis, Western Gull Plover Tringa solitaria, Solitary Sandpiper Larus livens, Yellow-footed Gull Charadrius semipalmatus, Semipalmated Tringa brevipes, Gray-tailed Tattler Larus californicus, California Gull Plover Tringa incana, Wandering Tattler Larus argentatus, Herring Gull Charadrius melodus, Piping Plover Tringa flavipes, Lesser Yellowlegs Larus michahellis, Yellow-legged Gull Charadrius dubius, Little Ringed Plover Tringa semipalmata, Willet Larus glaucoides, Iceland Gull Charadrius vociferus, Killdeer Tringa erythropus, Spotted Redshank Larus fuscus, Lesser Black-backed Gull Charadrius montanus, Mountain Plover Tringa nebularia, Common Greenshank Larus schistisagus, Slaty-backed Gull Charadrius morinellus, Eurasian Dotterel Tringa guttifer, Nordmann’s Greenshank Larus glaucescens, Glaucous-winged Gull Family JACANIDAE Tringa melanoleuca, Greater Yellowlegs Larus hyperboreus, Glaucous Gull Jacana spinosa, Northern Jacana Tringa totanus, Common Redshank Larus marinus, Great Black-backed Gull Family SCOLOPACIDAE Tringa glareola, Wood Sandpiper Larus dominicanus, Kelp Gull Subfamily NUMENIINAE Tringa stagnatilis, Marsh Sandpiper Subfamily STERNINAE Bartramia longicauda, Upland Sandpiper Phalaropus tricolor, Wilson’s Phalarope Anous stolidus, Brown Noddy Numenius tahitiensis, Bristle-thighed Phalaropus lobatus, Red-necked Phalarope Anous minutus, Black Noddy Curlew Phalaropus fulicarius, Red Phalarope Anous ceruleus, Blue-gray Noddy Numenius phaeopus, Whimbrel Family STERCORARIIDAE Gygis alba, White Tern Numenius minutus, Little Curlew Stercorarius skua, Great Skua Onychoprion fuscatus, Sooty Tern Numenius borealis, Eskimo Curlew Stercorarius maccormicki, South Polar Onychoprion lunatus, Gray-backed Tern Numenius americanus, Long-billed Curlew Skua Onychoprion anaethetus, Bridled Tern Numenius madagascariensis, Far Eastern Stercorarius pomarinus, Pomarine Jaeger Onychoprion aleuticus, Aleutian Tern Curlew Stercorarius parasiticus, Parasitic Jaeger Sternula albifrons, Little Tern Numenius arquata, Eurasian Curlew Stercorarius longicaudus, Long-tailed Sternula antillarum, Least Tern Subfamily LIMOSINAE Jaeger Phaetusa simplex, Large-billed Tern Limosa lapponica, Bar-tailed Godwit Family ALCIDAE Gelochelidon nilotica, Gull-billed Tern Limosa limosa, Black-tailed Godwit Alle alle, Dovekie Hydroprogne caspia, Caspian Tern Limosa haemastica, Hudsonian Godwit Uria aalge, Common Murre Chlidonias niger, Black Tern Limosa fedoa, Marbled Godwit Uria lomvia, Thick-billed Murre Chlidonias leucopterus, White-winged Subfamily ARENARIINAE Alca torda, Razorbill Tern Arenaria interpres, Ruddy Turnstone Cepphus grylle, Black Guillemot Chlidonias hybrida, Whiskered Tern Arenaria melanocephala, Black Turnstone Cepphus columba, Pigeon Guillemot Sterna dougallii, Roseate Tern Calidris tenuirostris, Great Knot Brachyramphus perdix, Long-billed Sterna sumatrana, Black-naped Tern Calidris canutus, Red Knot Murrelet Sterna hirundo, Common Tern Calidris virgata, Surfbird Brachyramphus marmoratus, Marbled Sterna paradisaea, Arctic Tern Calidris pugnax, Ruff Murrelet Sterna forsteri, Forster’s Tern

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Thalasseus maximus, Royal Tern Pterodroma neglecta, Kermadec Petrel Phalacrocorax auritus, Double-crested Thalasseus bergii, Great Crested Tern Pterodroma arminjoniana, Trindade Petrel Cormorant Thalasseus sandvicensis, Sandwich Tern Pterodroma heraldica, Herald Petrel Phalacrocorax carbo, Great Cormorant Thalasseus elegans, Elegant Tern Pterodroma ultima, Murphy’s Petrel Phalacrocorax urile, Red-faced Cormorant Subfamily RYNCHOPINAE Pterodroma inexpectata, Mottled Petrel Phalacrocorax pelagicus, Pelagic Rynchops niger, Black Skimmer Pterodroma cahow, Bermuda Petrel Cormorant Order PHAETHONTIFORMES Pterodroma hasitata, Black-capped Petrel Family ANHINGIDAE Family PHAETHONTIDAE Pterodroma externa, Juan Fernandez Petrel Anhinga anhinga, Anhinga Phaethon lepturus, White-tailed Tropicbird Pterodroma sandwichensis, Hawaiian Order PELECANIFORMES Phaethon aethereus, Red-billed Tropicbird Petrel Family PELECANIDAE Phaethon rubricauda, Red-tailed Pterodroma cervicalis, White-necked Petrel Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, American Tropicbird Pterodroma hypoleuca, Bonin Petrel White Pelican Order GAVIIFORMES Pterodroma nigripennis, Black-winged Pelecanus occidentalis, Brown Pelican Family GAVIIDAE Petrel Family ARDEIDAE Gavia stellata, Red-throated Loon Pterodroma feae, Fea’s Petrel Botaurus lentiginosus, American Bittern Gavia arctica, Arctic Loon Pterodroma madeira, Zino’s Petrel Ixobrychus sinensis, Yellow Bittern Gavia pacifica, Pacific Loon Pterodroma cookii, Cook’s Petrel Ixobrychus exilis, Least Bittern Gavia immer, Common Loon Pterodroma longirostris, Stejneger’s Petrel Ixobrychus eurhythmus, Schrenck’s Bittern Gavia adamsii, Yellow-billed Loon Pterodroma alba, Phoenix Petrel Ixobrychus flavicollis, Black Bittern Order PROCELLARIIFORMES Pterodroma leucoptera, Gould’s Petrel Tigrisoma mexicanum, Bare-throated Family DIOMEDEIDAE Pseudobulweria rostrata, Tahiti Petrel Tiger-Heron Thalassarche chlororhynchos, Yellow- Bulweria bulwerii, Bulwer’s Petrel Ardea herodias, Great Blue Heron nosed Albatross Bulweria fallax, Jouanin’s Petrel Ardea cinerea, Gray Heron Thalassarche cauta, White-capped Procellaria aequinoctialis, White-chinned Ardea alba, Great Egret Albatross Petrel Ardea intermedia, Intermediate Egret Thalassarche eremita, Chatham Albatross Procellaria parkinsoni, Parkinson’s Petrel Egretta eulophotes, Chinese Egret Thalassarche salvini, Salvin’s Albatross Calonectris leucomelas, Streaked Egretta garzetta, Little Egret Thalassarche melanophris, Black-browed Shearwater Egretta sacra, Pacific Reef-Heron Albatross Calonectris diomedea, Cory’s Shearwater Egretta gularis, Western Reef-Heron Phoebetria palpebrata, Light-mantled Calonectris edwardsii, Cape Verde Egretta thula, Snowy Egret Albatross Shearwater Egretta caerulea, Little Blue Heron Diomedea exulans, Wandering Albatross Ardenna pacifica, Wedge-tailed Egretta tricolor, Tricolored Heron Phoebastria immutabilis, Laysan Albatross Shearwater Egretta rufescens, Reddish Egret Phoebastria nigripes, Black-footed Ardenna bulleri, Buller’s Shearwater Bubulcus ibis, Cattle Egret Albatross Ardenna tenuirostris, Short-tailed Ardeola bacchus, Chinese Pond-Heron Phoebastria albatrus, Short-tailed Shearwater Butorides virescens, Green Heron Albatross Ardenna grisea, Sooty Shearwater Nycticorax nycticorax, Black-crowned Family OCEANITIDAE Ardenna gravis, Great Shearwater Night-Heron Oceanites oceanicus, Wilson’s Storm- Ardenna creatopus, Pink-footed Nycticorax caledonicus, Rufous Night- Petrel Shearwater Heron Pelagodroma marina, White-faced Storm- Ardenna carneipes, Flesh-footed Nyctanassa violacea, Yellow-crowned Petrel Shearwater Night-Heron Fregetta tropica, Black-bellied Storm-Petrel Puffinus nativitatis, Christmas Shearwater Gorsachius goisagi, Japanese Night-Heron Family HYDROBATIDAE Puffinus puffinus, Manx Shearwater Gorsachius melanolophus, Malayan Night- Fregetta grallaria, White-bellied Storm- Puffinus newelli, Newell’s Shearwater Heron Petrel Puffinus bryani, Bryan’s Shearwater Family THRESKIORNITHIDAE Nesofregetta fuliginosa, Polynesian Storm- Puffinus opisthomelas, Black-vented Subfamily THRESKIORNITHINAE Petrel Shearwater Eudocimus albus, White Ibis Oceanodroma furcata, Fork-tailed Storm- Puffinus lherminieri, Audubon’s Eudocimus ruber, Scarlet Ibis Petrel Shearwater Plegadis falcinellus, Glossy Ibis Oceanodroma hornbyi, Ringed Storm- Puffinus baroli, Barolo Shearwater Plegadis chihi, White-faced Ibis Petrel Order CICONIIFORMES Subfamily PLATALEINAE Oceanodroma monorhis, Swinhoe’s Storm- Family CICONIIDAE Platalea ajaja, Roseate Spoonbill Petrel Jabiru mycteria, Jabiru Order CARTHARTIFORMES Oceanodroma leucorhoa, Leach’s Storm- Mycteria americana, Wood Stork Family CATHARTIDAE Petrel Order SULIFORMES Coragyps atratus, Black Vulture Oceanodroma socorroensis, Townsend’s Family FREGATIDAE Cathartes aura, Turkey Vulture Storm-Petrel Fregata magnificens, Magnificent Gymnogyps californianus, California Oceanodroma homochroa, Ashy Storm- Frigatebird Condor Petrel Fregata minor, Great Frigatebird Order ACCIPITRIFORMES Oceanodroma castro, Band-rumped Storm- Fregata ariel, Lesser Frigatebird Family PANDIONIDAE Petrel Family SULIDAE Pandion haliaetus, Osprey Oceanodroma tethys, Wedge-rumped Sula dactylatra, Masked Booby Family ACCIPITRIDAE Storm-Petrel Sula granti, Nazca Booby Subfamily ELANINAE Oceanodroma matsudairae, Matsudaira’s Sula nebouxii, Blue-footed Booby Elanus leucurus, White-tailed Kite Storm-Petrel Sula leucogaster, Brown Booby Subfamily GYPAETINAE Oceanodroma melania, Black Storm-Petrel Sula sula, Red-footed Booby Chondrohierax uncinatus, Hook-billed Kite Oceanodroma tristrami, Tristram’s Storm- Papasula abbotti, Abbott’s Booby Elanoides forficatus, Swallow-tailed Kite Petrel Morus bassanus, Northern Gannet Subfamily ACCIPITRINAE Oceanodroma microsoma, Least Storm- Family PHALACROCORACIDAE Aquila chrysaetos, Golden Eagle Petrel Phalacrocorax melanoleucos, Little Pied Harpagus bidentatus, Double-toothed Kite Family PROCELLARIIDAE Cormorant Circus spilonotus, Eastern Marsh-Harrier Fulmarus glacialis, Northern Fulmar Phalacrocorax penicillatus, Brandt’s Circus hudsonius, Northern Harrier Pterodroma macroptera, Great-winged Cormorant Accipiter soloensis, Chinese Sparrowhawk Petrel Phalacrocorax brasilianus, Neotropic Accipiter gularis, Japanese Sparrowhawk Pterodroma solandri, Providence Petrel Cormorant Accipiter striatus, Sharp-shinned Hawk

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Accipiter cooperii, Cooper’s Hawk Megaceryle torquata, Ringed Kingfisher Myiopagis viridicata, Greenish Elaenia Accipiter gentilis, Northern Goshawk Megaceryle alcyon, Belted Kingfisher Elaenia martinica, Caribbean Elaenia Milvus migrans, Black Kite Chloroceryle amazona, Amazon Kingfisher Elaenia albiceps, White-crested Elaenia Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Bald Eagle Chloroceryle americana, Green Kingfisher Subfamily FLUVICOLINAE Haliaeetus albicilla, White-tailed Eagle Order PICIFORMES Mitrephanes phaeocercus, Tufted Haliaeetus pelagicus, Steller’s Sea-Eagle Family PICIDAE Flycatcher Ictinia mississippiensis, Mississippi Kite Subfamily JYNGINAE Contopus cooperi, Olive-sided Flycatcher Butastur indicus, Gray-faced Buzzard Jynx torquilla, Eurasian Wryneck Contopus pertinax, Greater Pewee Geranospiza caerulescens, Crane Hawk Subfamily PICINAE Contopus sordidulus, Western Wood- Rostrhamus sociabilis, Snail Kite Melanerpes lewis, Lewis’s Woodpecker Pewee Buteogallus anthracinus, Common Black Melanerpes portoricensis, Puerto Rican Contopus virens, Eastern Wood-Pewee Hawk Woodpecker Contopus caribaeus, Cuban Pewee Rupornis magnirostris, Roadside Hawk Melanerpes erythrocephalus, Red-headed Contopus hispaniolensis, Hispaniolan Parabuteo unicinctus, Harris’s Hawk Woodpecker Pewee Geranoaetus albicaudatus, White-tailed Melanerpes formicivorus, Acorn Contopus latirostris, Lesser Antillean Hawk Woodpecker Pewee Buteo plagiatus, Gray Hawk Melanerpes uropygialis, Gila Woodpecker Empidonax flaviventris, Yellow-bellied Buteo lineatus, Red-shouldered Hawk Melanerpes aurifrons, Golden-fronted Flycatcher Buteo platypterus, Broad-winged Hawk Woodpecker Empidonax virescens, Acadian Flycatcher Buteo solitarius, Hawaiian Hawk Melanerpes carolinus, Red-bellied Empidonax alnorum, Alder Flycatcher Buteo brachyurus, Short-tailed Hawk Woodpecker Empidonax traillii, Willow Flycatcher Buteo swainsoni, Swainson’s Hawk Sphyrapicus thyroideus, Williamson’s Empidonax minimus, Least Flycatcher Buteo albonotatus, Zone-tailed Hawk Sapsucker Empidonax hammondii, Hammond’s Buteo jamaicensis, Red-tailed Hawk Sphyrapicus varius, Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Buteo lagopus, Rough-legged Hawk Sapsucker Empidonax wrightii, Gray Flycatcher Buteo regalis, Ferruginous Hawk Sphyrapicus nuchalis, Red-naped Empidonax oberholseri, Dusky Flycatcher Order STRIGIFORMES Sapsucker Empidonax affinis, Pine Flycatcher Family TYTONIDAE Sphyrapicus ruber, Red-breasted Sapsucker Empidonax difficilis, Pacific-slope Tyto alba, Barn Owl Picoides dorsalis, American Three-toed Flycatcher Family STRIGIDAE Woodpecker Empidonax occidentalis, Cordilleran Otus sunia, Oriental Scops-Owl Picoides arcticus, Black-backed Flycatcher Woodpecker Psiloscops flammeolus, Flammulated Owl Empidonax fulvifrons, Buff-breasted Dendrocopos major, Great Spotted Megascops kennicottii, Western Screech- Flycatcher Woodpecker Owl Sayornis nigricans, Black Phoebe Dryobates pubescens, Downy Woodpecker Megascops asio, Eastern Screech-Owl Sayornis phoebe, Eastern Phoebe Dryobates nuttallii, Nuttall’s Woodpecker Sayornis saya, Say’s Phoebe Megascops trichopsis, Whiskered Screech- Dryobates scalaris, Ladder-backed Pyrocephalus rubinus, Vermilion Owl Woodpecker Flycatcher Megascops nudipes, Puerto Rican Screech- Dryobates borealis, Red-cockaded Owl Woodpecker Subfamily TYRANNINAE Bubo virginianus, Great Horned Owl Dryobates villosus, Hairy Woodpecker Myiarchus tuberculifer, Dusky-capped Bubo scandiacus, Snowy Owl Dryobates albolarvatus, White-headed Flycatcher Surnia ulula, Northern Hawk Owl Woodpecker Myiarchus cinerascens, Ash-throated Glaucidium gnoma, Northern Pygmy-Owl Dryobates arizonae, Arizona Woodpecker Flycatcher Glaucidium brasilianum, Ferruginous Colaptes auratus, Northern Flicker Myiarchus nuttingi, Nutting’s Flycatcher Pygmy-Owl Colaptes chrysoides, Gilded Flicker Myiarchus crinitus, Great Crested Micrathene whitneyi, Elf Owl Dryocopus pileatus, Pileated Woodpecker Flycatcher Athene cunicularia, Burrowing Owl Campephilus principalis, Ivory-billed Myiarchus tyrannulus, Brown-crested Ciccaba virgata, Mottled Owl Woodpecker Flycatcher Strix occidentalis, Spotted Owl Order FALCONIFORMES Myiarchus sagrae, La Sagra’s Flycatcher Strix varia, Barred Owl Family FALCONIDAE Myiarchus antillarum, Puerto Rican Strix nebulosa, Great Gray Owl Subfamily HERPETOTHERINAE Flycatcher Asio otus, Long-eared Owl Micrastur semitorquatus, Collared Forest- Pitangus sulphuratus, Great Kiskadee Asio stygius, Stygian Owl Falcon Myiozetetes similis, Social Flycatcher Asio flammeus, Short-eared Owl Subfamily FALCONINAE Myiodynastes luteiventris, Sulphur-bellied Aegolius funereus, Boreal Owl Caracara cheriway, Crested Caracara Flycatcher Aegolius acadicus, Northern Saw-whet Falco tinnunculus, Eurasian Kestrel Legatus leucophaius, Piratic Flycatcher Owl Falco sparverius, American Kestrel Empidonomus varius, Variegated Ninox japonica, Northern Boobook Falco vespertinus, Red-footed Falcon Flycatcher Order TROGONIFORMES Falco amurensis, Amur Falcon Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus, Family TROGONIDAE Falco columbarius, Merlin Crowned Slaty Flycatcher Subfamily TROGONINAE Falco subbuteo, Eurasian Hobby Tyrannus melancholicus, Tropical Trogon elegans, Elegant Trogon Falco femoralis, Aplomado Falcon Kingbird Euptilotis neoxenus, Eared Quetzal Falco rusticolus, Gyrfalcon Tyrannus couchii, Couch’s Kingbird Order UPUPIFORMES Falco peregrinus, Peregrine Falcon Tyrannus vociferans, Cassin’s Kingbird Family UPUPIDAE Falco mexicanus, Prairie Falcon Tyrannus crassirostris, Thick-billed Upupa epops, Eurasian Hoopoe Order PASSERIFORMES Kingbird Order CORACIIFORMES Family TITYRIDAE Tyrannus verticalis, Western Kingbird Family ALCEDINIDAE Tityra semifasciata, Masked Tityra Tyrannus tyrannus, Eastern Kingbird Subfamily ALCEDININAE Pachyramphus major, Gray-collared Tyrannus dominicensis, Gray Kingbird Alcedo atthis, Common Kingfisher Becard Tyrannus caudifasciatus, Loggerhead Subfamily HALCYONINAE Pachyramphus aglaiae, Rose-throated Kingbird Todiramphus sacer, Pacific Kingfisher Becard Tyrannus forficatus, Scissor-tailed Todiramphus cinnamominus, Guam Family TYRANNIDAE Flycatcher Kingfisher Subfamily ELAENIINAE Tyrannus savana, Fork-tailed Flycatcher Todiramphus albicilla, Mariana Kingfisher Camptostoma imberbe, Northern Family LANIIDAE Subfamily CERYLINAE Beardless-Tyrannulet Lanius cristatus, Brown Shrike

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Lanius ludovicianus, Loggerhead Shrike Poecile atricapillus, Black-capped Acrocephalus familiaris, Millerbird Lanius borealis, Northern Shrike Chickadee Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, Sedge Family VIREONIDAE Poecile gambeli, Mountain Chickadee Warbler Vireo atricapilla, Black-capped Vireo Poecile sclateri, Mexican Chickadee Acrocephalus dumetorum, Blyth’s Reed Vireo griseus, White-eyed Vireo Poecile rufescens, Chestnut-backed Warbler Vireo crassirostris, Thick-billed Vireo Chickadee Family LOCUSTELLIDAE Vireo latimeri, Puerto Rican Vireo Poecile hudsonicus, Boreal Chickadee Locustella ochotensis, Middendorff’s Vireo gundlachii, Cuban Vireo Poecile cinctus, Gray-headed Chickadee Grasshopper-Warbler Vireo bellii, Bell’s Vireo Baeolophus wollweberi, Bridled Titmouse Locustella lanceolata, Lanceolated Warbler Vireo vicinior, Gray Vireo Baeolophus inornatus, Oak Titmouse Family MUSCICAPIDAE Vireo huttoni, Hutton’s Vireo Baeolophus ridgwayi, Juniper Titmouse Muscicapa griseisticta, Gray-streaked Vireo flavifrons, Yellow-throated Vireo Baeolophus bicolor, Tufted Titmouse Flycatcher Vireo cassinii, Cassin’s Vireo Baeolophus atricristatus, Black-crested Muscicapa dauurica, Asian Brown Vireo solitarius, Blue-headed Vireo Titmouse Flycatcher Vireo plumbeus, Plumbeous Vireo Family REMIZIDAE Muscicapa striata, Spotted Flycatcher Vireo philadelphicus, Philadelphia Vireo Auriparus flaviceps, Verdin Muscicapa sibirica, Dark-sided Flycatcher Vireo gilvus, Warbling Vireo Family AEGITHALIDAE Larvivora cyane, Siberian Blue Robin Vireo olivaceus, Red-eyed Vireo Psaltriparus minimus, Bushtit Larvivora sibilans, Rufous-tailed Robin Vireo flavoviridis, Yellow-green Vireo Family SITTIDAE Cyanecula svecica, Bluethroat Vireo altiloquus, Black-whiskered Vireo Subfamily SITTINAE Calliope calliope, Siberian Rubythroat Vireo magister, Yucatan Vireo Sitta canadensis, Red-breasted Nuthatch Tarsiger cyanurus, Red-flanked Bluetail Family CORVIDAE Sitta carolinensis, White-breasted Ficedula narcissina, Narcissus Flycatcher Perisoreus canadensis, Canada Jay Nuthatch Ficedula mugimaki, Mugimaki Flycatcher Psilorhinus morio, Brown Jay Sitta pygmaea, Pygmy Nuthatch Ficedula albicilla, Taiga Flycatcher Cyanocorax yncas, Green Jay Sitta pusilla, Brown-headed Nuthatch Phoenicurus phoenicurus, Common Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus, Pinyon Jay Family CERTHIIDAE Redstart Cyanocitta stelleri, Steller’s Jay Subfamily CERTHIINAE Saxicola torquatus, Stonechat Cyanocitta cristata, Blue Jay Certhia americana, Brown Creeper Oenanthe oenanthe, Northern Wheatear Aphelocoma coerulescens, Florida Scrub- Family TROGLODYTIDAE Family TURDIDAE Jay Salpinctes obsoletus, Rock Wren Monticola solitarius, Blue Rock-Thrush Aphelocoma insularis, Island Scrub-Jay Catherpes mexicanus, Canyon Wren Sialia sialis, Eastern Bluebird Troglodytes aedon, House Wren Aphelocoma californica, California Scrub- Sialia mexicana, Western Bluebird Troglodytes pacificus, Pacific Wren Jay Sialia currucoides, Mountain Bluebird Troglodytes hiemalis, Winter Wren Aphelocoma woodhouseii, Woodhouse’s Myadestes townsendi, Townsend’s Cistothorus platensis, Sedge Wren Scrub-Jay Solitaire Cistothorus palustris, Marsh Wren Myadestes occidentalis, Brown-backed Aphelocoma wollweberi, Mexican Jay Thryothorus ludovicianus, Carolina Wren Solitaire Nucifraga columbiana, Clark’s Nutcracker Thryomanes bewickii, Bewick’s Wren Myadestes myadestinus, Kcma‘o Pica hudsonia, Black-billed Magpie Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus, Cactus ¸ Pica nuttalli, Yellow-billed Magpie Wren Myadestes lanaiensis, Oloma‘o Corvus monedula, Eurasian Jackdaw Thryophilus sinaloa, Sinaloa Wren Myadestes obscurus, ‘Oc¸ma’o Corvus kubaryi, Mariana Crow Family POLIOPTILIDAE Myadestes palmeri, Puaiohi Corvus brachyrhynchos, American Crow Polioptila caerulea, Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher Catharus aurantiirostris, Orange-billed Corvus caurinus, Northwestern Crow Polioptila californica, California Nightingale-Thrush Corvus leucognaphalus, White-necked Gnatcatcher Catharus mexicanus, Black-headed Crow Polioptila melanura, Black-tailed Nightingale-Thrush Corvus imparatus, Tamaulipas Crow Gnatcatcher Catharus fuscescens, Veery Corvus ossifragus, Fish Crow Polioptila nigriceps, Black-capped Catharus minimus, Gray-cheeked Thrush Corvus hawaiiensis, Hawaiian Crow Gnatcatcher Catharus bicknelli, Bicknell’s Thrush Corvus cryptoleucus, Chihuahuan Raven Family CINCLIDAE Catharus ustulatus, Swainson’s Thrush Corvus corax, Common Raven Cinclus mexicanus, American Dipper Catharus guttatus, Hermit Thrush Family ALAUDIDAE Family REGULIDAE Hylocichla mustelina, Wood Thrush Alauda arvensis, Eurasian Skylark Regulus satrapa, Golden-crowned Kinglet Turdus obscurus, Eyebrowed Thrush Eremophila alpestris, Horned Lark Regulus calendula, Ruby-crowned Kinglet Turdus naumanni, Dusky Thrush Family HIRUNDINIDAE Family PHYLLOSCOPIDAE Turdus pilaris, Fieldfare Subfamily HIRUNDININAE Phylloscopus trochilus, Willow Warbler Turdus iliacus, Redwing Progne subis, Purple Martin Phylloscopus collybita, Common Chiffchaff Turdus grayi, Clay-colored Thrush Progne cryptoleuca, Cuban Martin Phylloscopus sibilatrix, Wood Warbler Turdus assimilis, White-throated Thrush Progne dominicensis, Caribbean Martin Phylloscopus fuscatus, Dusky Warbler Turdus rufopalliatus, Rufous-backed Robin Progne chalybea, Gray-breasted Martin Phylloscopus proregulus, Pallas’s Leaf Turdus migratorius, American Robin Progne elegans, Southern Martin Warbler Turdus plumbeus, Red-legged Thrush Progne tapera, Brown-chested Martin Phylloscopus inornatus, Yellow-browed Ixoreus naevius, Varied Thrush Tachycineta bicolor, Tree Swallow Warbler Ridgwayia pinicola, Aztec Thrush Tachycineta albilinea, Mangrove Swallow Phylloscopus borealis, Arctic Warbler Family MIMIDAE Tachycineta thalassina, Violet-green Phylloscopus examinandus, Kamchatka Melanotis caerulescens, Blue Mockingbird Swallow Leaf Warbler Melanoptila glabrirostris, Black Catbird Tachycineta cyaneoviridis, Bahama Family SYLVIIDAE Dumetella carolinensis, Gray Catbird Swallow Sylvia curruca, Lesser Whitethroat Margarops fuscatus, Pearly-eyed Thrasher Stelgidopteryx serripennis, Northern Chamaea fasciata, Wrentit Toxostoma curvirostre, Curve-billed Rough-winged Swallow Family ACROCEPHALIDAE Thrasher Riparia riparia, Bank Swallow Acrocephalus luscinius, Nightingale Reed Toxostoma rufum, Brown Thrasher Petrochelidon pyrrhonota, Cliff Swallow Warbler Toxostoma longirostre, Long-billed Petrochelidon fulva, Cave Swallow Acrocephalus hiwae, Saipan Reed warbler Thrasher Hirundo rustica, Barn Swallow Acrocephalus nijoi, Aguiguan Reed Toxostoma bendirei, Bendire’s Thrasher Delichon urbicum, Common House-Martin Warbler Toxostoma redivivum, California Thrasher Family PARIDAE Acrocephalus yamashinae, Pagan Reed Toxostoma lecontei, LeConte’s Thrasher Poecile carolinensis, Carolina Chickadee Warbler Toxostoma crissale, Crissal Thrasher

VerDate Sep<11>2014 17:18 Nov 27, 2018 Jkt 247001 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\28NOP2.SGM 28NOP2 61306 Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 229 / Wednesday, November 28, 2018 / Proposed Rules

Oreoscoptes montanus, Sage Thrasher Leucosticte atrata, Black Rosy-Finch Centronyx bairdii, Baird’s Sparrow Mimus gundlachii, Bahama Mockingbird Leucosticte australis, Brown-capped Rosy- Centronyx henslowii, Henslow’s Sparrow Mimus polyglottos, Northern Mockingbird Finch Ammospiza leconteii, LeConte’s Sparrow Family STURNIDAE Haemorhous mexicanus, House Finch Ammospiza maritima, Seaside Sparrow Agropsar philippensis, Chestnut-cheeked Haemorhous purpureus, Purple Finch Ammospiza nelsoni, Nelson’s Sparrow Starling Haemorhous cassinii, Cassin’s Finch Ammospiza caudacuta, Saltmarsh Sparrow Spodiopsar cineraceus, White-cheeked Chloris sinica, Oriental Greenfinch Passerella iliaca, Fox Sparrow Starling Acanthis flammea, Common Redpoll Melospiza melodia, Song Sparrow Family BOMBYCILLIDAE Acanthis hornemanni, Hoary Redpoll Melospiza lincolnii, Lincoln’s Sparrow Bombycilla garrulus, Bohemian Waxwing Loxia curvirostra, Red Crossbill Melospiza georgiana, Swamp Sparrow Bombycilla cedrorum, Cedar Waxwing Loxia sinesciuris, Cassia Crossbill Zonotrichia albicollis, White-throated Family PTILIOGONATIDAE Loxia leucoptera, White-winged Crossbill Sparrow Ptiliogonys cinereus, Gray Silky-flycatcher Spinus spinus, Eurasian Siskin Zonotrichia querula, Harris’s Sparrow Phainopepla nitens, Phainopepla Spinus pinus, Pine Siskin Zonotrichia leucophrys, White-crowned Family PEUCEDRAMIDAE Spinus psaltria, Lesser Goldfinch Sparrow Peucedramus taeniatus, Olive Warbler Spinus lawrencei, Lawrence’s Goldfinch Zonotrichia atricapilla, Golden-crowned Family PRUNELLIDAE Spinus tristis, American Goldfinch Sparrow Prunella montanella, Siberian Accentor Family CALCARIIDAE Junco hyemalis, Dark-eyed Junco Family MOTACILLIDAE Calcarius lapponicus, Lapland Longspur Junco phaeonotus, Yellow-eyed Junco Motacilla tschutschensis, Eastern Yellow Calcarius ornatus, Chestnut-collared Family NESOSPINGIDAE Wagtail Longspur Nesospingus speculiferus, Puerto Rican Motacilla citreola, Citrine Wagtail Calcarius pictus, Smith’s Longspur Tanager Motacilla cinerea, Gray Wagtail Rhynchophanes mccownii, McCown’s Family SPINDALIDAE Motacilla alba, White Wagtail Longspur Spindalis zena, Western Spindalis Anthus trivialis, Tree Pipit Plectrophenax nivalis, Snow Bunting Spindalis portoricensis, Puerto Rican Anthus hodgsoni, Olive-backed Pipit Plectrophenax hyperboreus, McKay’s Spindalis Anthus gustavi, Pechora Pipit Bunting Family ICTERIIDAE Anthus cervinus, Red-throated Pipit Family EMBERIZIDAE Icteria virens, Yellow-breasted Chat Anthus rubescens, American Pipit Emberiza leucocephalos, Pine Bunting Family ICTERIDAE Anthus spragueii, Sprague’s Pipit Emberiza chrysophrys, Yellow-browed Subfamily XANTHOCEPHALINAE Family FRINGILLIDAE Bunting Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus, Yellow- Subfamily FRINGILLINAE Emberiza pusilla, Little Bunting headed Blackbird Fringilla coelebs, Common Chaffinch Emberiza rustica, Rustic Bunting Subfamily DOLICHONYCHINAE Fringilla montifringilla, Brambling Emberiza elegans, Yellow-throated Bunting Dolichonyx oryzivorus, Bobolink Subfamily EUPHONIINAE Emberiza aureola, Yellow-breasted Subfamily STURNELLINAE Euphonia musica, Antillean Euphonia Bunting Sturnella magna, Eastern Meadowlark Subfamily CARDUELINAE Emberiza variabilis, Gray Bunting Sturnella neglecta, Western Meadowlark Coccothraustes vespertinus, Evening Emberiza pallasi, Pallas’s Bunting Subfamily ICTERINAE Grosbeak Icterus portoricensis, Puerto Rican Oriole Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Hawfinch Emberiza schoeniclus, Reed Bunting Carpodacus erythrinus, Common Family PASSERELLIDAE Icterus wagleri, Black-vented Oriole Rosefinch Arremonops rufivirgatus, Olive Sparrow Icterus spurius, Orchard Oriole Melamprosops phaeosoma, Po‘ouli Pipilo chlorurus, Green-tailed Towhee Icterus cucullatus, Hooded Oriole Oreomystis bairdi, ‘Akikiki Pipilo maculatus, Spotted Towhee Icterus pustulatus, Streak-backed Oriole Paroreomyza maculata, O‘ahu ‘Alauahio Pipilo erythrophthalmus, Eastern Towhee Icterus bullockii, Bullock’s Oriole Paroreomyza flammea, Ka˜ka˜wahie Aimophila ruficeps, Rufous-crowned Icterus gularis, Altamira Oriole Paroreomyza montana, Maui ‘Alauahio Sparrow Icterus graduacauda, Audubon’s Oriole Loxioides bailleui, Palila Melozone fusca, Canyon Towhee Icterus galbula, Baltimore Oriole Telespiza cantans, Laysan Finch Melozone crissalis, California Towhee Icterus parisorum, Scott’s Oriole Telespiza ultima, Nihoa Finch Melozone aberti, Abert’s Towhee Subfamily AGELAIINAE Palmeria dolei, ‘Akohekohe Peucaea carpalis, Rufous-winged Sparrow Agelaius phoeniceus, Red-winged Himatione fraithii, Laysan Honeycreeper Peucaea botterii, Botteri’s Sparrow Blackbird Himatione sanguinea, ‘Apapane Peucaea cassinii, Cassin’s Sparrow Agelaius tricolor, Tricolored Blackbird Drepanis coccinea, ‘I‘iwi Peucaea aestivalis, Bachman’s Sparrow Agelaius humeralis, Tawny-shouldered Psittirostra psittacea, ‘O˜ ‘u˜ Spizelloides arborea, American Tree Blackbird Pseudonestor xanthophrys, Maui Parrotbill Sparrow Agelaius xanthomus, Yellow-shouldered Hemignathus hanapepe, Kauai Nukupu‘u Spizella passerina, Chipping Sparrow Blackbird Hemignathus lucidus, O‘ahu Nukupu‘u Spizella pallida, Clay-colored Sparrow Molothrus bonariensis, Shiny Cowbird Hemignathus affinis, Maui Nukupu‘u Spizella breweri, Brewer’s Sparrow Molothrus aeneus, Bronzed Cowbird Hemignathus wilsoni, ‘Akiapola‘au Spizella pusilla, Field Sparrow Molothrus ater, Brown-headed Cowbird Akialoa stejnegeri, Kauai ‘Akialoa Spizella wortheni, Worthen’s Sparrow Euphagus carolinus, Rusty Blackbird Akialoa ellisiana, O‘ahu ‘Akialoa Spizella atrogularis, Black-chinned Euphagus cyanocephalus, Brewer’s Akialoa lanaiensis, Maui Nui ‘Akialoa Sparrow Blackbird Magumma parva, ‘Anianiau Pooecetes gramineus, Vesper Sparrow Quiscalus quiscula, Common Grackle Chlorodrepanis virens, Hawaii ‘Amakihi Chondestes grammacus, Lark Sparrow Quiscalus major, Boat-tailed Grackle Chlorodrepanis flava, O‘ahu ‘Amakihi Amphispiza quinquestriata, Five-striped Quiscalus mexicanus, Great-tailed Grackle Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri, Kauai ‘Amakihi Sparrow Quiscalus niger, Greater Antillean Grackle Loxops mana, Hawaii Creeper Amphispiza bilineata, Black-throated Family PARULIDAE Loxops caeruleirostris, ‘Akeke‘e Sparrow Seiurus aurocapilla, Ovenbird Loxops wolstenholmei, O‘ahu ‘Akepa Artemisiospiza nevadensis, Sagebrush Helmitheros vermivorum, Worm-eating Loxops ochraceus, Maui ‘Akepa Sparrow Warbler Loxops coccineus, Hawaii ‘Akepa Artemisiospiza belli, Bell’s Sparrow Parkesia motacilla, Louisiana Waterthrush Pinicola enucleator, Pine Grosbeak Calamospiza melanocorys, Lark Bunting Parkesia noveboracensis, Northern Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Eurasian Bullfinch Passerculus sandwichensis, Savannah Waterthrush Leucosticte arctoa, Asian Rosy-Finch Sparrow Vermivora bachmanii, Bachman’s Warbler Leucosticte tephrocotis, Gray-crowned Ammodramus savannarum, Grasshopper Vermivora chrysoptera, Golden-winged Rosy-Finch Sparrow Warbler

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Vermivora cyanoptera, Blue-winged Setophaga caerulescens, Black-throated Cardinalis cardinalis, Northern Cardinal Warbler Blue Warbler Cardinalis sinuatus, Pyrrhuloxia Mniotilta varia, Black-and-white Warbler Setophaga palmarum, Palm Warbler Pheucticus chrysopeplus, Yellow Grosbeak Protonotaria citrea, Prothonotary Warbler Setophaga pinus, Pine Warbler Pheucticus ludovicianus, Rose-breasted Limnothlypis swainsonii, Swainson’s Setophaga coronata, Yellow-rumped Grosbeak Warbler Warbler Pheucticus melanocephalus, Black-headed Setophaga dominica, Yellow-throated Oreothlypis superciliosa, Crescent-chested Grosbeak Warbler Warbler Setophaga discolor, Prairie Warbler Cyanocompsa parellina, Blue Bunting Oreothlypis peregrina, Tennessee Warbler Passerina caerulea, Blue Grosbeak Oreothlypis celata, Orange-crowned Setophaga adelaidae, Adelaide’s Warbler Setophaga graciae, Grace’s Warbler Passerina amoena, Lazuli Bunting Warbler Passerina cyanea, Indigo Bunting Oreothlypis crissalis, Colima Warbler Setophaga nigrescens, Black-throated Gray Passerina versicolor, Varied Bunting Oreothlypis luciae, Lucy’s Warbler Warbler Passerina ciris, Painted Bunting Oreothlypis ruficapilla, Nashville Warbler Setophaga townsendi, Townsend’s Warbler Setophaga occidentalis, Hermit Warbler Spiza americana, Dickcissel Oreothlypis virginiae, Virginia’s Warbler Setophaga chrysoparia, Golden-cheeked Oporornis agilis, Connecticut Warbler Family THRAUPIDAE Warbler Geothlypis poliocephala, Gray-crowned Subfamily DACNINAE Setophaga virens, Black-throated Green Cyanerpes cyaneus, Red-legged Yellowthroat Warbler Geothlypis tolmiei, MacGillivray’s Warbler Honeycreeper Basileuterus lachrymosus, Fan-tailed Subfamily COEREBINAE Geothlypis philadelphia, Mourning Warbler Coereba flaveola, Bananaquit Warbler Basileuterus rufifrons, Rufous-capped Geothlypis formosa, Kentucky Warbler Warbler Tiaris olivaceus, Yellow-faced Grassquit Geothlypis trichas, Common Yellowthroat Basileuterus culicivorus, Golden-crowned Tiaris bicolor, Black-faced Grassquit Setophaga angelae, Elfin-woods Warbler Warbler Loxigilla portoricensis, Puerto Rican Setophaga citrina, Hooded Warbler Cardellina canadensis, Canada Warbler Bullfinch Setophaga ruticilla, American Redstart Cardellina pusilla, Wilson’s Warbler Subfamily SPOROPHILINAE Setophaga kirtlandii, Kirtland’s Warbler Cardellina rubrifrons, Red-faced Warbler Sporophila morelleti, Morelet’s Seedeater Setophaga tigrina, Cape May Warbler Myioborus pictus, Painted Redstart * * * * * Setophaga cerulea, Cerulean Warbler Myioborus miniatus, Slate-throated Setophaga americana, Northern Parula Redstart Dated: October 29, 2018. Setophaga pitiayumi, Tropical Parula Family CARDINALIDAE Andrea Travnicek, Setophaga magnolia, Magnolia Warbler Piranga flava, Hepatic Tanager Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary—Water Setophaga castanea, Bay-breasted Warbler Piranga rubra, Summer Tanager and Science, Exercising the Authority of the Setophaga fusca, Blackburnian Warbler Piranga olivacea, Scarlet Tanager Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Setophaga petechia, Yellow Warbler Piranga ludoviciana, Western Tanager Parks. Setophaga pensylvanica, Chestnut-sided Piranga bidentata, Flame-colored Tanager Warbler Rhodothraupis celaeno, Crimson-collared [FR Doc. 2018–25634 Filed 11–27–18; 8:45 am] Setophaga striata, Blackpoll Warbler Grosbeak BILLING CODE 4333–15–P

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