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Mmrv Vaccine
VACCINE INFORMATION STATEMENT (Measles, Mumps, Many Vaccine Information Statements are available in Spanish and other languages. MMRV Vaccine Rubella and See www.immunize.org/vis Varicella) Hojas de información sobre vacunas están disponibles en español y en muchos otros What You Need to Know idiomas. Visite www.immunize.org/vis These are recommended ages. But children can get the Measles, Mumps, Rubella and second dose up through 12 years as long as it is at least 1 Varicella 3 months after the first dose. Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella (chickenpox) can be serious diseases: Children may also get these vaccines as 2 separate shots: MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) and Measles varicella vaccines. • Causes rash, cough, runny nose, eye irritation, fever. • Can lead to ear infection, pneumonia, seizures, brain 1 Shot (MMRV) or 2 Shots (MMR & Varicella)? damage, and death. • Both options give the same protection. Mumps • One less shot with MMRV. • Causes fever, headache, swollen glands. • Children who got the first dose as MMRV have • Can lead to deafness, meningitis (infection of the brain had more fevers and fever-related seizures (about and spinal cord covering), infection of the pancreas, 1 in 1,250) than children who got the first dose as painful swelling of the testicles or ovaries, and, rarely, separate shots of MMR and varicella vaccines on death. the same day (about 1 in 2,500). Rubella (German Measles) Your doctor can give you more information, • Causes rash and mild fever; and can cause arthritis, including the Vaccine Information Statements for (mostly in women). MMR and Varicella vaccines. -
Adult Vaccines
What do flu, whooping cough, measles, shingles and pneumonia have in common? 1 They’re viruses that can make you very sick. 2 Vaccines can help prevent them. Protect yourself and those you care about. Get vaccinated at a network pharmacy near you. • Ask your pharmacist which vaccines are right for you. • Find out if your pharmacist can administer the recommended vaccinations. • Many vaccinations are covered by your plan at participating retail pharmacies. • Don’t forget to present your member ID card to the pharmacist at the time of service! The following vaccines are available and can be administered by pharmacists at participating network pharmacies: • Flu (seasonal influenza) • Meningitis • Travel Vaccines (typhoid, yellow • Tetanus/Diphtheria/Pertussis • Pneumonia fever, etc.) • Hepatitis • Rabies • Childhood Vaccines (MMR, etc.) • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) • Shingles/Zoster See other side for recommended adult vaccinations. The vaccinations you need ALL adults should get vaccinated for1: • Flu, every year. It’s especially important for pregnant women, older adults and people with chronic health conditions. • Tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis (whooping cough). Adults should get a one-time dose of the Tdap vaccine. It’s different from the tetanus vaccine (Td), which is given every 10 years. You may need additional vaccinations depending on your age1: Young adults not yet vaccinated need: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series (3 doses) if you are: • Female age 26 or younger • Male age 21 or younger • Male age 26 or younger who has sex with men, who is immunocompromised or who has HIV Adults born in the U.S. in 1957 or after need: Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine2 Adults should get at least one dose of MMR vaccine, unless they’ve already gotten this vaccine or have immunity to measles, mumps and rubella Adults born in the U.S. -
The Clinical Features of Smallpox
CHAPTER 1 THE CLINICAL FEATURES OF SMALLPOX Contents Page Introduction 2 Varieties of smallpox 3 The classification of clinical types of variola major 4 Ordinary-type smallpox 5 The incubation period 5 Symptoms of the pre-eruptive stage 5 The eruptive stage 19 Clinical course 22 Grades of severity 22 Modified-type smallpox 22 Variola sine eruptione 27 Subclinical infection with variola major virus 30 Evidence from viral isolations 30 Evidence from serological studies 30 Flat-type smallpox 31 The rash 31 Clinical course 32 Haemorrhagic-type smallpox 32 General features 32 Early haemorrhagic-type smallpox 37 Late haemorrhagic-type smallpox 38 Variola minor 38 Clinical course 38 Variola sine eruptione and subclinical infection 40 Smallpox acquired by unusual routes of infection 40 Inoculation variola and variolation 40 Congenital smallpox 42 Effects of vaccination on the clinical course of smallpox 42 Effects of vaccination on toxaemia 43 Effects of vaccination on the number of lesions 43 Effects of vaccination on the character and evolution of the rash 43 Effects of vaccination in variola minor 44 Laboratory findings 44 Virological observations 44 Serological observations 45 Haematological observations 46 1 2 SMALLPOX AND ITS ERADICATION Page Complications 47 The skin 47 Ocular system 47 Joints and bones 47 Respiratory system 48 Gastrointestinal system 48 Genitourinary system 49 Central nervous system 49 Sequelae 49 Pockmarks 49 Blindness 50 Limb deformities 50 Prognosis of variola major 50 Calculation of case-fatality rates 50 Effects -
Viability of B. Typhosus in Stored Shell Oysters
PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS VOL. 40 APRIL 24, 1925 No. 17 VIABILITY OF B. TYPHOSUS IN STORED SHELL OYSTERS By CONRAD KINYOuN, Assistant Bacteriologist, hlygienic Laboratory, United Stztes Ptiblic Ilealti Serviee The object of this work was to determine whether oysters con- taminated with B. typhosuis and then stored unider uisual market conditions woul(l remain potentially infectious over a length of time sufficient to allow them to reach the consumer. Conflicting opinions are now current as to the length of time the causative agent of typhoid fever can remain viable in the oyster, and even as to whether the oyster can harbor the organisms at all. Obviouisly an oyster which harbors typhoidl organismns for as short a time as 24 hours becomes a potential infecting, agent for thlat time. Practi- cally it is of interest to know whether the time elapsing between the remov-al of the oyster from the bed and( actual consumption after passing through customary commercial channels is sufficient for oysters to rid themselves of possible infection. As early as 1603, oysters were incriminate(d in intestinal disor(lers, when suspicion was directed toward them by an illness of Henry IV of France (7). It was not uIntil the close of the nineteenth century, however, that oysters and shellfislh as agents of (lisease transmission receive(d particular attention. In October, 1894, Conn focused attention on the oyster by his investigation of the now famous Wesleyan outbreak, an(d thoughl only thlree outbreaks of typhoid fever were definitely traced to the oyster before 19,25, these stimulated wide interest and consequent study, with atten(lant epidemiological and bacteriological investigations. -
Measles: Chapter 7.1 Chapter 7: Measles Paul A
VPD Surveillance Manual 7 Measles: Chapter 7.1 Chapter 7: Measles Paul A. Gastanaduy, MD, MPH; Susan B. Redd; Nakia S. Clemmons, MPH; Adria D. Lee, MSPH; Carole J. Hickman, PhD; Paul A. Rota, PhD; Manisha Patel, MD, MS I. Disease Description Measles is an acute viral illness caused by a virus in the family paramyxovirus, genus Morbillivirus. Measles is characterized by a prodrome of fever (as high as 105°F) and malaise, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, followed by a maculopapular rash.1 The rash spreads from head to trunk to lower extremities. Measles is usually a mild or moderately severe illness. However, measles can result in complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and death. Approximately one case of encephalitis2 and two to three deaths may occur for every 1,000 reported measles cases.3 One rare long-term sequelae of measles virus infection is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a fatal disease of the central nervous system that generally develops 7–10 years after infection. Among persons who contracted measles during the resurgence in the United States (U.S.) in 1989–1991, the risk of SSPE was estimated to be 7–11 cases/100,000 cases of measles.4 The risk of developing SSPE may be higher when measles occurs prior to the second year of life.4 The average incubation period for measles is 11–12 days,5 and the average interval between exposure and rash onset is 14 days, with a range of 7–21 days.1, 6 Persons with measles are usually considered infectious from four days before until four days after onset of rash with the rash onset being considered as day zero. -
Measles Diagnostic Tool
Measles Prodrome and Clinical evolution E Fever (mild to moderate) E Cough E Coryza E Conjunctivitis E Fever spikes as high as 105ºF Koplik’s spots Koplik’s Spots E E Viral enanthem of measles Rash E Erythematous, maculopapular rash which begins on typically starting 1-2 days before the face (often at hairline and behind ears) then spreads to neck/ the rash. Appearance is similar to “grains of salt on a wet background” upper trunk and then to lower trunk and extremities. Evolution and may become less visible as the of rash 1-3 days. Palms and soles rarely involved. maculopapular rash develops. Rash INCUBATION PERIOD Fever, STARTS on face (hairline & cough/coryza/conjunctivitis behind ears), spreads to trunk, Average 8-12 days from exposure to onset (sensitivity to light) and then to thighs/ feet of prodrome symptoms 0 (average interval between exposure to onset rash 14 day [range 7-21 days]) -4 -3 -2 -1 1234 NOT INFECTIOUS higher fever (103°-104°) during this period rash fades in same sequence it appears INFECTIOUS 4 days before rash and 4 days after rash Not Measles Rubella Varicella cervical lymphadenopathy. Highly variable but (Aka German Measles) (Aka Chickenpox) Rash E often maculopapular with Clinical manifestations E Clinical manifestations E Generally mild illness with low- Mild prodrome of fever and malaise multiforme-like lesions and grade fever, malaise, and lymph- may occur one to two days before may resemble scarlet fever. adenopathy (commonly post- rash. Possible low-grade fever. Rash often associated with painful edema hands and feet. auricular and sub-occipital). -
Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Uals Were 2 to 16 Times More Likely to Develop Kaposi Sarcoma Than Were Uninfected Individuals
Report on Carcinogens, Fourteenth Edition For Table of Contents, see home page: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus uals were 2 to 16 times more likely to develop Kaposi sarcoma than were uninfected individuals. In some studies, the risk of Kaposi sar- CAS No.: none assigned coma increased with increasing viral load of KSHV (Sitas et al. 1999, Known to be a human carcinogen Newton et al. 2003a,b, 2006, Albrecht et al. 2004). Most KSHV-infected patients who develop Kaposi sarcoma have Also known as KSHV or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) immune systems compromised either by HIV-1 infection or as a re- Carcinogenicity sult of drug treatments after organ or tissue transplants. The timing of infection with HIV-1 may also play a role in development of Ka- Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is known to be a posi sarcoma. Acquiring HIV-1 infection prior to KSHV infection human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence from studies in hu- may increase the risk of epidemic Kaposi sarcoma by 50% to 100%, mans. This conclusion is based on evidence from epidemiological compared with acquiring HIV-1 infection at the same time as or after and molecular studies, which show that KSHV causes Kaposi sar- KSHV infection. Nevertheless, patients with the classic or endemic coma, primary effusion lymphoma, and a plasmablastic variant of forms of Kaposi sarcoma are not suspected of having suppressed im- multicentric Castleman disease, and on supporting mechanistic data. mune systems, suggesting that immunosuppression is not required KSHV causes cancer, primarily but not exclusively in people with for development of Kaposi sarcoma. -
HIV Infection and AIDS
G Maartens 12 HIV infection and AIDS Clinical examination in HIV disease 306 Prevention of opportunistic infections 323 Epidemiology 308 Preventing exposure 323 Global and regional epidemics 308 Chemoprophylaxis 323 Modes of transmission 308 Immunisation 324 Virology and immunology 309 Antiretroviral therapy 324 ART complications 325 Diagnosis and investigations 310 ART in special situations 326 Diagnosing HIV infection 310 Prevention of HIV 327 Viral load and CD4 counts 311 Clinical manifestations of HIV 311 Presenting problems in HIV infection 312 Lymphadenopathy 313 Weight loss 313 Fever 313 Mucocutaneous disease 314 Gastrointestinal disease 316 Hepatobiliary disease 317 Respiratory disease 318 Nervous system and eye disease 319 Rheumatological disease 321 Haematological abnormalities 322 Renal disease 322 Cardiac disease 322 HIV-related cancers 322 306 • HIV INFECTION AND AIDS Clinical examination in HIV disease 2 Oropharynx 34Neck Eyes Mucous membranes Lymph node enlargement Retina Tuberculosis Toxoplasmosis Lymphoma HIV retinopathy Kaposi’s sarcoma Progressive outer retinal Persistent generalised necrosis lymphadenopathy Parotidomegaly Oropharyngeal candidiasis Cytomegalovirus retinitis Cervical lymphadenopathy 3 Oral hairy leucoplakia 5 Central nervous system Herpes simplex Higher mental function Aphthous ulcers 4 HIV dementia Kaposi’s sarcoma Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy Teeth Focal signs 5 Toxoplasmosis Primary CNS lymphoma Neck stiffness Cryptococcal meningitis 2 Tuberculous meningitis Pneumococcal meningitis 6 -
Rubella (German Measles)
Rubella (German Measles) Frequently Asked Questions What is rubella? Rubella is a common childhood disease caused by a virus. It can last one to five days and is generally a mild disease. Who gets rubella? Rubella can affect anyone of any age. Once you have had the infection you are usually immune and cannot catch it again. There are still cases of rubella around the world where populations are not vaccinated against the disease. How do people get rubella? When an infected person coughs or sneezes, the virus is released into the air and enters another person’s body through the nose or throat. Rubella is contagious seven days before and seven days after the rash appears. The rubella virus may also be found in the blood, urine, and stool of people who have the illness. What are the symptoms of rubella? Symptoms of rubella show up 14 to 21 days after exposure. Symptoms are often mild, and up to half of people infected with rubella virus have no symptoms at all. Symptoms include: • Low-grade fever • Swollen glands or lymph nodes • Rash • Small red bumps on the roof of the mouth (known as Forchheimer’s sign) • Dry, flaking skin • Swollen or bloodshot eyes • Stuffy nose • Joint pain and swelling (arthritis) • Loss of appetite • Headache Are there complications with a rubella virus infection? Rubella is usually a mild disease in children; adults tend to have more complications. The most serious danger of rubella is to pregnant women and the developing fetus. A miscarriage or premature delivery may occur in pregnant women. -
Varicella (Chickenpox): Questions and Answers Q&A Information About the Disease and Vaccines
Varicella (Chickenpox): Questions and Answers Q&A information about the disease and vaccines What causes chickenpox? more common in infants, adults, and people with Chickenpox is caused by a virus, the varicella-zoster weakened immune systems. virus. How do I know if my child has chickenpox? How does chickenpox spread? Usually chickenpox can be diagnosed by disease his- Chickenpox spreads from person to person by direct tory and appearance alone. Adults who need to contact or through the air by coughing or sneezing. know if they’ve had chickenpox in the past can have It is highly contagious. It can also be spread through this determined by a laboratory test. Chickenpox is direct contact with the fluid from a blister of a per- much less common now than it was before a vaccine son infected with chickenpox, or from direct contact became available, so parents, doctors, and nurses with a sore from a person with shingles. are less familiar with it. It may be necessary to perform laboratory testing for children to confirm chickenpox. How long does it take to show signs of chickenpox after being exposed? How long is a person with chickenpox contagious? It takes from 10 to 21 days to develop symptoms after Patients with chickenpox are contagious for 1–2 days being exposed to a person infected with chickenpox. before the rash appears and continue to be conta- The usual time period is 14–16 days. gious through the first 4–5 days or until all the blisters are crusted over. What are the symptoms of chickenpox? Is there a treatment for chickenpox? The most common symptoms of chickenpox are rash, fever, coughing, fussiness, headache, and loss of appe- Most cases of chickenpox in otherwise healthy children tite. -
Nih Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant Or Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules (Nih Guidelines)
NIH GUIDELINES FOR RESEARCH INVOLVING RECOMBINANT OR SYNTHETIC NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULES (NIH GUIDELINES) APRIL 2019 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health ************************************************************************************************************************ Visit the NIH OSP Web site at: https://osp.od.nih.gov NIH OFFICE OF SCIENCE POLICY CONTACT INFORMATION: Office of Science Policy, National Institutes of Health, 6705 Rockledge Drive, Suite 750, MSC 7985, Bethesda, MD 20892-7985 (20817 for non-USPS mail), (301) 496-9838; (301) 496-9839 (fax). For inquiries, information requests, and report submissions: [email protected] These NIH Guidelines shall supersede all earlier versions until further notice. ************************************************************************************************************************ Page 2 - NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant or Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules (April 2019) FEDERAL REGISTER NOTICES Effective June 24, 1994, Published in Federal Register, July 5, 1994 (59 FR 34472) Amendment Effective July 28, 1994, Federal Register, August 5, 1994 (59 FR 40170) Amendment Effective April 17, 1995, Federal Register, April 27, 1995 (60 FR 20726) Amendment Effective December 14, 1995, Federal Register, January 19, 1996 (61 FR 1482) Amendment Effective March 1, 1996, Federal Register, March 12, 1996 (61 FR 10004) Amendment Effective January 23, 1997, Federal Register, January 31, 1997 (62 FR 4782) Amendment Effective September 30, 1997, -
Vaccine Information Statement
VACCINE INFORMATION STATEMENT Many Vaccine Information Statements are available in Spanish and other languages. MMRV (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and See www.immunize.org/vis Hojas de información sobre vacunas están Varicella) Vaccine: What You Need to Know disponibles en español y en muchos otros idiomas. Visite www.immunize.org/vis 1 Why get vaccinated? 2 MMRV Vaccine Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella are viral diseases that can MMRV vaccine may be given to children 12 months through 12 have serious consequences. Before vaccines, these diseases were years of age. Two doses are usually recommended: very common in the United States, especially among children. First dose: 12 through 15 months of age They are still common in many parts of the world. Second dose: 4 through 6 years of age Measles A third dose of MMR might be recommended in certain mumps Measles virus causes symptoms that can include fever, cough, outbreak situations. runny nose, and red, watery eyes, commonly followed by a rash There are no known risks to getting MMRV vaccine at the same that covers the whole body. time as other vaccines. Measles can lead to ear infections, diarrhea, and infection of the lungs (pneumonia). Rarely, measles can cause brain damage or Instead of MMRV, some children 12 months death. through 12 years of age might get 2 separate Mumps shots: MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) and Mumps virus causes fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, chickenpox (varicella). MMRV is not licensed for loss of appetite, and swollen and tender salivary glands under the people 13 years of age or older.