Opportunities and Challenges of Palestinian Development Actions in Area C

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Opportunities and Challenges of Palestinian Development Actions in Area C Supported by: Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC This publication has been produced with the assistance of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC. The contents of the publication are the sole responsibility of the individual Opportunities and Challenges of organizations only, and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC. Palestinian Development actions in Area C :Supported by 2016 Prepared By Roubina Ghattas, Khaldoun Rishmawi, Jad Isaac, Issa Zboun, Jane Hilal, Ayman Abu Zahra, and Iyad Khalifeh. Applied Research Institute – Jerusalem (ARIJ) Karam Muamar Street, P. O. Box 860, Bethlehem – Palestine Tel: +970-2-2741889 Fax: +970-2-2776966 Website: http://www.arij.org Applied Research Institute – Jerusalem (ARIJ) Opportunities and Challenges of Palestinian Development actions in Area C Publications of the Applied Research Institute – Jerusalem (ARIJ) February 2016 ©All Rights reserved Prepared By Roubina Ghattas, Khaldoun Rishmawi, Jad Isaac, Issa Zboun, Jane Hilal, Ayman Abu Zahra, and Iyad Khalifeh. The Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem (ARIJ) welcomes any comments or suggestions regarding the material published herein and reserve all copyrights for this publication. Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem (ARIJ) Karam Muamar Street, P. O. Box 860, Bethlehem – Palestine Tel: +970-2-2741889 Fax: +970-2-2776966 Website: http://www.arij.org This publication has been produced with the assistance of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC. The contents of the publication are the sole responsibility of the individual organizations only, and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Applied Research Institute – Jerusalem (ARIJ) hereby expresses its deep gratitude to the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) for providing a grant to carry out the research study entitled “Opportunities and Challenges of Palestinian Development actions in Area C - 2016” Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ 4 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Population Densities in the West bank ................................................................................................. 8 1.3 Status of planning in Area C ...............................................................................................................10 1.4 Israeli violations in Area C .................................................................................................................12 1.5 Economic Potential of Area C .............................................................................................................20 1.5.1 Agricultural production in Area C ...............................................................................................20 1.5.2 Industrial production in Area C ...................................................................................................21 1.5.2.1 Quarries ................................................................................................................................21 1.5.2.2 Dead Sea salts and minerals .................................................................................................21 1.5.2 Services sectors in Area C ...........................................................................................................23 2. Challenges and Opportunities of Sustainable Socio-Economic Development in Area C .......................24 2.1 Socio-Economic Conditions in Area C ...............................................................................................24 2.2.1 Background ..................................................................................................................................24 2.2.2 Demographic and Household Characteristics ..............................................................................25 2.2.3 Economy and Labor Market ........................................................................................................30 2.2.4 Status of Education ......................................................................................................................32 2.2.5 Food Security Status ....................................................................................................................33 2.2.5.1 Challenges that face Bedouins in Area C .............................................................................37 2.2.5.2 Challenges that face Rural Communities in Area C .............................................................37 2.2.5.3 Challenges that face Jordan Valley communities in Area C .................................................38 2.2.5.4 Challenges that face Jerusalem Communities in Area C ......................................................38 2.2.6 Vulnerable Communities in Area C .............................................................................................38 2.3 Opportunities for Economic Development in Area C .........................................................................41 2.3.1 Solutions and Response Action for Bedouins: .............................................................................41 2.3.2 Solutions and Response Action for Rural Areas in Area C: ........................................................42 2.3.3 Solutions and Response Action for Jordan Valley communities in Area C: ................................42 2.3.4 Solutions and Response Action for Jerusalem Communities in Area C: .....................................42 3. Challenges and Opportunities of sustainable management of Palestinian Nature Reserves ...................44 3.1 Background: ........................................................................................................................................44 3.2 Existing Nature Reserves System .......................................................................................................47 3.3 Typology and Biodiversity ..................................................................................................................50 3.4 Nature Reserves Legislation, Policies and Institutional set up ............................................................52 3.5 Guiding Principles for the selection and management of nature reserves ...........................................53 2 | P a g e 3.6 Designated Nature Reserves in the Geo-political Area C in the West Bank Region ..........................54 3.7 Constraints related to Palestinian NR system development ................................................................59 3.8 Opportunities for Effective NR System Development ........................................................................64 3.9 Concluding ..........................................................................................................................................71 3 | P a g e Abstract In recent years, Area C has emerged as a key priority for both the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) and for the international actors in the development sectors. The Palestinian development of Area C is critical to empower existing Palestinian communities to preserve their assets, way of life, and most importantly their continued presence on the land. Furthermore, Area C connects the patchwork of the isolated and densely populated urban and rural communities located in Areas A and B. A contiguous and socioeconomically viable Palestinian State can thus only be achieved by opening Area C for Palestinian development and for the critical realization of a contiguous Palestinian State. To advocate for Palestinian control in Area C and to stress the priority actions and development plans in Area C, this report: (1) Analyses Palestinian and Israeli Settlers population distributions in Area C; (2) analyses the status or urban planning of the Palestinian communities in Area C; (3) assesses the economic potential of developing the natural resources in Area C; (4) assess socio-economic conditions in Area C; (5) identify challenges the communities face in Area C; (6) identify most vulnerable communities; and (7) recommend development actions that respond to communities' needs. It was found that the Palestinian population densities in Area C built up area or within the proposed outline (master) plans exceeds the equivalent average population densities in Areas A and B. Furthermore, the Palestinian population density within the Palestinian Ministry of Local Government (MoLG) proposed master plans in Area C is almost 600% higher than the population density of Israeli's in the settlements master plan. Only 3 communities out of 291 communities in Area C have approved master plans. Any development outside the area of the approved master plans (with a total area of 5.7 ha) is at risk of demolition by the Israelis (unless the Israeli authorities grant special permits for development). In 2015 alone, Israel demolished 482 homes and structures in area C, uprooted some 13,000 trees, and attached Palestinians and their properties on 898 separate occasions. The geographic distribution of these attacks, demolitions, and tree uprooting suggest an Israeli purpose behind these actions that is perhaps imposing pressures on the Palestinian population to drive outmigration from certain
Recommended publications
  • Hebron Governorate
    Hebron Governorate: The Governorate of Hebron is located in the southern part of the West Bank. It is the largest Governorate in the West Bank in terms of size and population. Its area before the 1948 Nakba (disaster) was 2076 km2 while its current area is about 1060 km2. This means that Hebron has lost 51 % of its original size due to the events of Nakba. The population of the Governorate is now half million according to the estimates of the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (2005). The population density of the Governorate is 500 individuals per km2. Hebron Governorate ARAB STUDIES SOCIETY - Land Research Center (LRC) - Jerusalem , Halhul - Main Road 1 Tele / fax : 02 - 2217239, P.O.Box :35 Email: [email protected] URL : www.Ircj.org The number of Palestinian communities in the Governorate is 145, the largest of which is the city of Hebron. It has a built up area of 79.8 km2 (about 7.5 % of the total area of the Governorate). The Governorate of Hebron contains many religious, historical and archeological sites, the most important of which are: the Ibrahimi mosque, the Tel Arumaida area of ancient Hebron which started in the Bronze age – 3500 BC- the biblical site of Mamreh where Abraham pitched his tent and dug a well after his journey from Mesopotamia in 1850 BC, Al Ma’mudiay spring (probable baptismal site of Saint John the Baptist in the village of Taffuh), Saint Philip’s spring in Halhul where Saint Philip baptized the Ethiopian eunuch. Hebron Governorate Israeli Settlements in Hebron Governorate There are 22 Israeli settlements in Hebron Governorate with a built up area of 3.7 km2 (about 0.4% of the total area of Hebron Governorate) as illustrated by the attached map.
    [Show full text]
  • Idhna City Profile
    Idhna City Profile Prepared by The Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem Funded by Spanish Cooperation Azahar program March 2007 Palestinian Localities Study Hebron Governorate Table of Content Location and Physical Characteristics _________________________2 History___________________________________________________3 Demography and Population _________________________________4 Economy _________________________________________________5 Education ________________________________________________7 Health Status _____________________________________________9 Religious and Archaeological Sites ____________________________9 Institutions and Services ___________________________________10 Infrastructure and Natural Resources_________________________11 Agricultural Sector ________________________________________12 Impact of the Israeli Occupation ____________________________15 Development Plans and Projects _____________________________16 Locality Development Priorities and Needs_____________________16 1 Palestinian Localities Study Hebron Governorate Idhna City Profile Location and Physical Characteristics Idhna is a Palestinian city in Hebron Governorate located 15 km southwest of Hebron City in the southern part of the West Bank. Idhna is bordered by Tarqumiya city to the north, Taffuh village and Hebron city to the east, Al Kum villages to the south and the 1949 Armistice Line (the Green Line) to the west (See map 1). Map 1: Idhna location and borders According to Ministry of Local Authority classification, the municipal area of Idhna includes
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Attacks of the Israeli Occupation Forces and Settlers on the Palestinian Agricultural Sector in the West Bank and Gaza Strip
    Report on the Attacks of the Israeli Occupation Forces and Settlers on the Palestinian Agricultural Sector in the West Bank and Gaza Strip December \ 2020 The attacks of the occupation forces and settlers during the month of December in the Palestinian territories led to dozens of shooting cases on farmers, fishermen and agricultural lands in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. In addition to the confiscation and eviction of farmers from their lands: this included uprooting and destroying trees and agricultural properties. In this report, the Union of Agricultural Work Committees (UAWC) and its agricultural committees monitored the attacks during December 2020. The legal, humanitarian, and human rights aspects of this report are constructed on international declarations, conventions, and covenants of human rights, in specific; the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the Fourth Geneva Convention (GCIV) Related to the Protection of Civilian Person in the Time of War, the Third, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the Fourth, International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), the fifth, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas (UNDROP) and related articles of the Palestinian Basic Law.1 Source: UAWC Agricultural Committees December 2020, Occupation forces close the Sakout spring in the Jordan Valley with an iron gate A: Peaceful assembly and bodily integrity rights : 1 Basic legal articles in relation to peasants’ and frames’ rights:
    [Show full text]
  • Developing a Community Safety Plan for Hebron
    Developing a Community Safety Plan for Hebron a centre for security, development and the rule of law Human Rights & Democracy Media Center “Shams” Hebron Governorate Developing a Community Safety Plan for Hebron a centre for security, development and the rule of law About DCAF Editorial Board The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Fareed A’mer Armed Forces (DCAF) promotes good governance Roland Friedrich and reform of the security sector. The Centre Peter Homel conducts research on good practices, encourages Fatima Itawi the development of appropriate norms at the Ibrahim Jaradat national and international levels, makes policy Regula Kaufmann recommendations and provides in-country advice Arnold Luethold and assistance programmes. DCAF’s partners Nicolas Masson include governments, parliaments, civil society, Omar Rahhal international organisations and the core security Haitham Al-Sharif and justice providers such as police, judiciary, Mayada Zeidani intelligence agencies, border security services and the military. Design and Layout DCAF has worked in the Palestinian Territories Wael Dwaik since 2005. It assists a wide range of Palestinian actors such as ministries, the Palestinian Legislative Council, civil society organisations Translation support and the media in their efforts to make Palestinian Yassin Al-Sayyed security sector governance democratic, transparent and accountable. Publisher About SHAMS Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) The Human Rights & Democracy Media Center Rue de Chantepoulet 11 (SHAMS) is an independent, non-profit, non- P.O. Box 1360 governmental organisation. It was established 1211 Geneva 1 in 2003 in Ramallah, Palestine, by a group of Switzerland Palestinian academics, teachers, journalists, lawyers and human rights activists.
    [Show full text]
  • Hebron Deir Samittarusa Kureise
    Wadi Rahhal Hindaza Al Jab'a Za'tara (Bethlehem) Al Beida Beit FalouhAl 'Asakira Khallet al Balluta Rakhme Khallet Sakariya Ath ThabraAbu Nujeim Jubbet adh Dhib Marah Ma'alla Harmala Al Fureidis Khirbet ad Deir Wadi an NisAl Ma'saraKhallet al Haddad Surif Khallet 'Afana Jurat ash Sham'a Khirbet ad Deir Al Halqum Umm Salamuna Tuqu' Safa Al Manshiya Khirbet al Mantara Marah RabahWadi Muhammad Khirbet Tuqu' Khirbet Jamrura Khirbet Mushrif Al 'Arrub CampBeit Fajjar Hitta Jala Beit Ummar Hamrush Al Maniya Shuyukh al 'Arrub Kharas Qila Nuba Kisan Ras al Jora 'Irqan Turad Beit Ula Al Baqqar Kuziba Shamaliyyat al Hawa Sa'ir Halhul Ash Shuyukh Tarqumiya Bir Musallam Beit Kahil Qafan al Khamis 'Arab ar Rashayida Khirbet al Hasaka Ras at Tawil Idhna Beit 'EinunAd Duwwara Al 'Azazima Al 'Uddeisa Jurun al Louz Wadi ar Rim Al Khamajat Ar Rawa'in Suba Taffuh Beit Maqdum Al KumAl Muwarraq As Samiya Hebron Deir SamitTarusa Kureise Bani Na'im Rafada Wadi 'Ubeid Beit 'Awwa Dura Ar Rawa'in Wadih At Tabaqa Qalqas As Sikka Tawas Fuqeiqis Al Hijra Khirbet Salama Birin Kharsa Zif Al Majd Turrama Al Fawwar Camp Marah al Baqqar Hadab al Fawwar Wadi as Sada Hureiz Deir al 'Asal at Tahta Al Heila Imreish Wadi ash Shajina Deir al 'Asal al Fauqa As Sura 'AbdaDeir Razih Ar Rihiya Beir ar Rush at TahtaIskeik Khirbet Bism Al Buweib Al 'Alaqa al Fauqa Biyar al 'Arus Ad Duweir Hadab al 'Alaqa Beit Mirsim Qinan an Najma Beit ar Rush al Fauqa Karma Beit 'Amra Khurisa Ar Rifa'iyya Juwai & Kafr Jul Khallet 'Arabi Yatta Khallet al MaiyyaAd Deirat Al Burj Wadi al Kilab Kurza Al Bira Abu Al Ghuzlan Umm Lasafa Khallet Salih Rabud Al Muntar Abu al 'Urqan Az Zuweidin I'zeiz Al Karmil An Najada Somara Qinan Jaber Adh Dhahiriya At Tuwani Khirbet Deir Shams Ma'in Khashem al Karem Khirbet Sarura Khirbet Shuweika Qawawis 'Anab al Kabir As Samu' Khirbet Asafi Maghayir al 'AbeedKhirbet al Maq'ura Khirbet Bir al 'Idd Khirbet al Fakheit Khirbet Tawil ash Shih Khirbet al Majaz Ar Ramadin Haribat an Nabi Khirbet Zanuta Imneizil Khirbet al Kharaba Khirbet ar Rahwa Khirbet Ghuwein al Fauqa 'Arab al Fureijat.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 162 January 2012
    Applied Research Institute ‐ Jerusalem (ARIJ) P.O Box 860, Caritas Street – Bethlehem, Phone: (+972) 2 2741889, Fax: (+972) 2 2776966. [email protected] | http://www.arij.org Volume 162, January 2012 Issue http://www.arij.org The Monthly overview report gives a list of the Israeli Violations in the Occupied Palestinian Territory which are The text is not quoted directly based on reports provided by field workers and\or by one or from the sources but is edited more of the following news sources: Al‐Ayyam daily for clarity. newspaper, Al‐Quds daily newspaper, Haaretz Daily Newspaper, Israel National News, The Jerusalem Post ‐ The daily report does not English‐language daily newspaper, Paltoday news‐website, necessarily reflect ARIJ’s Palpress news website, Palestine News Agency‐Wafa, opinion. Palestine News Network, Maʹan News Agency, Al Jazeera News Channel, Israel National News, and Yediot Ahronot – English website. Bethlehem • The Israeli occupation soldiers stormed several Palestinian houses in Beit Fajjar town south of Bethlehem city and messed with their contents. Al Quds (January 4, 2012). • The Israeli Occupation Army set up military checkpoint at the western entrance of Beit Jala city, at the DCO checkpoint area, and conducted military operations, checking the ID cards of Palestinians accessing the checkpoint and caused obstruction to the vehicular and pedestrian movements. Al Quds (January 5, 2012). • The Israeli occupation Authorities issued a second amendment and extension of validity to a previously issued military number 136/05/t which was issued back in 2005 and stated the confiscation of 115 dunums of lands of Khallet An Nahla and Wad Rahhal south of Bethlehem city for the construction of the Israeli Segregation wall.
    [Show full text]
  • Antiquities Sites and Their Incorporation in the Development of Palestinian Localities in Area C – the South Hebron Hills As a Test Case
    Antiquities Sites and their Incorporation in the Development of Palestinian Localities in Area C – the South Hebron Hills as a Test Case Content Background………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 1. Beit Mirsim……………………………………………………………………………….. ………….4 2. Al Burj……………………………………………………………………………………….. ………….6 3. At-Tuwani………………………………………………………………………………. ………….9 4. Khirbet Zanuta………………………………………………………………………….. …………11 Archaeological Sites in Villages in Area C and the Political Context.. ………….13 Summary and Conclusions……………………………………………………………. ………….15 December 2013 Written by Yonathan Mizrachi Research: Yonathan Mizrachi, Gideon Sulymani Editing: Ayala Sussman Translation: Jessica Bonn Maps: Shai Efrati © Emek Shaveh (cc) | Email [email protected] | Website www.alt-arch.org 1 Background The planning and development of localities in the West Bank requires dealing with antiquities sites and archaeological areas. Often, under such circumstances, the question arises: is it possible for construction to be combined with the welfare of the residents, while also preserving and safeguarding the historical remains? Below, we focus on four villages in Area C in the South Hebron Hills that are built on antiquities sites, examining the manner in which the authorities conduct themselves in this realm. The mountain south of the city of Hebron is characterized by a scattered rural settlement. The largest locality in the South Hebron Hills is the village of Yatta, which is under complete Palestinian rule (Area A). Yatta is surrounded by many villages, with populations ranging from the dozens to the thousands. Almost all of the Palestinian localities are built on antiquities sites. In most of the cases, the ancient part of the village is the heart of the antiquities site, and the village itself developed in various directions which are less saturated with antiquities.
    [Show full text]
  • Demolition and Displacement Report for April 2018
    DEMOLITION AND DISPLACEMENT REPORT FOR APRIL 2018 This month, 30 structures were demolished in the occupied Palestinian Territories (including East Jerusalem) displacing 13 people - including five children - and affecting a staggering 527 people, including 326 children. Inside Israel, two structures were de molished in the town of Abu Ghosh, near Jerusalem, and in the Naqab desert the entire village of Al Araqib was demolished and another house in the village of Ash - Shahabi. (Photos: Israeli forces demolishing a house in Jenin, 23 April, 2018, photo by: IDF s pokesperson) All the demolitions and confiscations - but two - were claimed to be on the grounds of lacking an Israeli - issued building permit: a family house in Jenin was demolished on punitive grounds - the second punitive demolition since the start of 2018, displacing seven Palestinians - and a printing shop in East Jerusalem was demolished on the grounds of alleged incitement. Most of the demolished structures supported agricultural, herding and commercial livelihoods. The Israeli authorities issued doz ens of demolition and stop - work orders against structures in Area C in the West Bank for lacking an Israeli - issued building permit, as well as seizing and confiscating heavy machinery - both private and municipality owned. Page 1 of 8 Two schools were demolished this month: one in the Jabal al - Baba community in the Jerusalem periphery, affecting 151 children, and a primary school in the rural village of Khirbet Zanuta in South Hebron, was demolished twice; the first demolition occurred on 9 April, and the second, a few days later when Israeli forces returned and confiscated the makeshift tents that were erected for the children to continue their studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Khalil Tumar.Pdf
    Faculty of Graduate Studies Institute of Environmental and Water Studies M.Sc. Program in Water and Environmental Engineering M.SC. THESIS A STUDY ON THE AVAILABLE OPTIONS FOR MITIGATING WATER SCARCITY IN THE HEBRON DISTRICT, PALESTINE SUBMITTED BY: KHALIL TUMAR STUDENT NUMBER 1105479 SUPERVISOR DR. MAHER ABU-MADI This thesis was submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Masters in Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Graduate Studies at Birzeit University, Palestine. APRIL, 2016 TABLE OF CONTENT Summary………………………………………………………………………………. 5 6 .……………………………………………………………………………….. الخﻻصة Dedication ...………………………………………………………………………….. 7 Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………………... 8 List of Abbreviations ...……………………………………………………………….. 9 List of Figures ………………………………………………………………………... 10 List of Tables …………………………………………………………………………. 11 Chapter One: Introduction……………………………………………………………. 12 1.1 Overview ………………………………………………….. 12 1.2 Statement of the Problem …………………………………. 13 1.3 Research Questions………………………………………... 14 1.4 Aim and Objectives……………………………………….. 14 1.5 Significance of the Study………………………………….. 14 1.6 Approach and Methodology………………………………. 15 1.7 Hypothesis..……………………………………………….. 15 1.8 Thesis Outline ..…………………………………………... 16 Chapter Two: The Study Area: The Hebron District……..…………………...……… 17 2.1 Location …………………… …………………………….. 17 2.2 Climate ……………………………………………………. 19 2.3 Temperature ……………………………...……………….. 19 2.4 Land Use ………………………....……………………….. 19 2.5 Demography ………………………………………………. 19 2.6 Water situation in
    [Show full text]
  • PDF | 2.75 MB | Chapter 4: the Spatial Dimensions of Poverty
    CHAPTER 4 4. The Spatial Dimensions of Poverty in the West Bank: Geography or Checkpoints? “Where is Spain? Before the checkpoint, or after the checkpoint?”41 Based on a series of maps using geo-referenced data, this chapter presents a powerful visual depiction of spatial disparities in economic outcomes in the West Bank, in the unique context of man- made internal barriers to mobility in addition to external movement restrictions. In this context, the analysis validates our findings on the determinants of poverty: areas characterized by high rates of poverty also tend to be areas with severe mobility restrictions, poor access to markets, high rates of unemployment, a dominance of low-wage sectors, and a reliance on increasingly scarce employment opportunities in Israel. The West Bank defies the stylized facts of economic geography: the economic heart of the West Bank, Ramallah, is a mid-sized city while its most populous city, Hebron, is its poorest. Hebron also faces harsh restrictions in mobility, within the city, the governorate and in its limited access to the rest of the West Bank. Internal mobility restrictions in the form of checkpoints have far-reaching economic implications: the presence of checkpoints is associated with higher transaction costs and uncertainty that manifest in increases in price differentials and unemployment rates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to measure the size of the distortions brought on by the internal checkpoints, which is found to be comparable to the transaction costs incurred when crossing the U.S.- Canada border. The „immobile‟ agricultural sector is particularly vulnerable.
    [Show full text]
  • Eco Otouris Sm and D Cultu Ural La Andscap Pe Con Nservat Tion
    I FACULTY OF ENGINEERING Ecotourism and Cultural Landscape Conservation “Bani Na’im Wilderness/Hebron” اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ و اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﻬﺪ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ "ﺑﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻨﻲ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ- اﻟﺨﻠﻴﻞ" Submitted By: Nisreen Ajlouni (1075155) Supervisor: Dr. Samar Nazer This Thesis was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Urban Planning and Landscape Architecture from the Faculty of Enngineering at Birzeit University, Palestine. 2010- 2011 II Ecotourism and Cultural Landscape Conservation “Bani Na’im Wilderness/Hebron” Submitted by: Nisreen Ajlouni (1075155) This thesis was developed under the supervision of Dr. Samar Nazer, and has been approved by all members of the Examination Committee. Dr. Samar Nazer (Chairman of the Committee) ……………………………………. Dr. Ahmad Abu Hammad ……………………………………. (Member) Dr. Yazid Anani ……………………………………. (Member) Date of Defense: May 3, 2011 The author is solely responsible for the accuracy of the statements and interpretations contained in the publication. Such interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views of the Birzeit University. III Dedication To my parents, sisters and brothers, who are the best supporters ever …. To my friends and colleagues, who have encouraged me in so many ways…. To you all I dedicate this humble work…. IV Acknowledgement I owe thanks to many people for their support and encouragement along the whole journey of doing my thesis. Without their kind support, guidance, encouragement and assistance, I would not have been able to finish my thesis I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my thesis supervisor Dr. Samar Nazer for her guidance, encouragement, patience and critics. For her insightful and valued comments as well as her kindness during the whole process of doing my thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Applied Research Institute – Jerusalem
    Applied Research Institute ‐ Jerusalem (ARIJ) P.O Box 860, Caritas Street – Bethlehem, Phone: (+972) 2 2741889, Fax: (+972) 2 2776966. [email protected] | http://www.arij.org Applied Research Institute – Jerusalem Report on the Israeli Colonization Activities in the West Bank & the Gaza Strip Volume 157, August 2011 Issue http://www.arij.org Bethlehem • The Israeli occupation forces stormed Tqou’ town east of Bethlehem city and raided the houses of Jabril family and searched in its contents. Al Ayyam (August16, 2011). • The Israeli Bulldozers protected by the Israeli Army Forces razed 300 dunums of lands nearby the illegal Israeli outpost of Nevi Daniel North in attempt to expand it, which located 1.5 km north of the Nevi Dabiel settlement west of Al Khader town in the western parts of Bethlehem city. Palestine press News Agency (August16, 2011). • The Israeli settlers threw stones on the Abed Al Raham Shakarneh vehicles while passing through Khan Al Ahmar road between Jericho and Jerusalem caused damages to the cars of Adnan Mahmud Sobieh and Anwar Nasri Daʹdou from Al Khader town west of Bethlehem. Al Ayyam (August17, 2011). • The Israeli settlers threw stones and damaged Palestinian vehicle from Nahalin village west of Bethlehem city while passing near Beit ʹAyn settlement within what the Israeli call the Etzion settlements’ bloc southwest of Bethlehem city. The targeted vehicle owned by Abed Al Rahamn Shakarneh. Al Ayyam (August19, 2011). • The Israeli Occupation soldiers manning Al Container checkpoint closed the checkpoint in the face of Palestinians and started checking the IDs cards which caused obstructed the vehicular movements.
    [Show full text]