DOCSLIB.ORG

Khalil Tumar.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Faculty of Graduate Studies Institute of Environmental and Water Studies M.Sc. Program in Water and Environmental Engineering M.SC. THESIS A STUDY ON THE AVAILABLE OPTIONS FOR MITIGATING WATER SCARCITY IN THE HEBRON DISTRICT, PALESTINE SUBMITTED BY: KHALIL TUMAR STUDENT NUMBER 1105479 SUPERVISOR DR. MAHER ABU-MADI This thesis was submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Masters in Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Graduate Studies at Birzeit University, Palestine. APRIL, 2016 TABLE OF CONTENT Summary………………………………………………………………………………. 5 6 .……………………………………………………………………………….. الخﻻصة Dedication ...………………………………………………………………………….. 7 Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………………... 8 List of Abbreviations ...……………………………………………………………….. 9 List of Figures ………………………………………………………………………... 10 List of Tables …………………………………………………………………………. 11 Chapter One: Introduction……………………………………………………………. 12 1.1 Overview ………………………………………………….. 12 1.2 Statement of the Problem …………………………………. 13 1.3 Research Questions………………………………………... 14 1.4 Aim and Objectives……………………………………….. 14 1.5 Significance of the Study………………………………….. 14 1.6 Approach and Methodology………………………………. 15 1.7 Hypothesis..……………………………………………….. 15 1.8 Thesis Outline ..…………………………………………... 16 Chapter Two: The Study Area: The Hebron District……..…………………...……… 17 2.1 Location …………………… …………………………….. 17 2.2 Climate ……………………………………………………. 19 2.3 Temperature ……………………………...……………….. 19 2.4 Land Use ………………………....……………………….. 19 2.5 Demography ………………………………………………. 19 2.6 Water situation in Hebron District ………………………... 20 2.6.1 Water resources …………………………………… 20 2.6.2 Water Supply ……………………………………… 26 2.6.3 Existing Water Supply Infrastructure in Hebron district …………………………………………………… 27 2.6.4 Water network coverage …………………………... 28 2.6.5 Water Demand …………………………………….. 28 2.6.6 Water leak …………………………………………. 30 2.6.7 Water thefts ………………………………………... 30 2.7 Wastewater Treatment and Reuse in Hebron district .......... 30 2.8 Rainwater Harvesting for Residential Use in Hebron district ………………………………………………………… 31 2.9 Assumptions Used in Determining Future Water Demand.. 32 2.9.1 Future Domestic Water Demand ………………….. 32 2.9.2 Future Industrial Water Demand ………………….. 33 2.9.3 Future Agricultural Water Demand ……………….. 33 2.9.4 Future Water right ……………………………….... 33 2.9.5 Future Rainwater Harvesting ……………………… 33 2.9.6 Future wastewater reuse …………………………... 33 2.9.7 Future water demand management ………………... 33 2.9.8 Projected Water Loss ……………………………… 33 Chapter Three: Literature Review ……………………………………………………. 34 3 3.1 Water scarcity …………………………………………….. 34 3.2 The water stress indicators …………..…………………… 34 3.2.1 The Falkenmark water stress indicator ……………. 34 3.2.2 The Water Resources Vulnerability Index ………... 34 3.2.3 Physical and economic scarcity indicators ……….. 35 3.2.4 Water Poverty Index ……………………………… 35 3.3 Water right …...…………………………………………… 35 3.4 Rainwater harvesting …..………………………………… 36 3.5 Treated wastewater reuse ...……………………………….. 40 3.6 Water demand management ………………………………. 42 3.7 Reduction of water leaks and thefts……………………….. 44 Chapter Four: Approach and Methodology …………………………………………. 46 4.1 Research Approach ……………………………………….. 46 4.2 Data Collection …………………………………………… 49 4.3 Analytical Procedures……………………………………... 49 Chapter Five: Results and Discussion ………………………………………………... 51 Chapter Six: Conclusions and Recommendations …………………………………… 64 6.1 Conclusions ……………………………………………….. 64 6.2 Recommendations ………………………………………… 64 6.3 Further Research ………………………………………….. 65 References …………………………………………………………………………..... 66 Appendix 1……………………………………………………………………………. 69 Appendix 2 …………………………………………………………………………… 72 Appendix 3 …………………………………………………………………………… 73 4 SUMMARY Water is the soul of life, and many communities will face the problem of water scarcity in the coming years. Water scarcity is the lack of available water resources, which lead to a gap in the coverage of demands in an area. Many countries are working continuously to reduce water scarcity. Palestine is one of the areas that suffer from water scarcity significantly in the Middle East. The Israeli occupation, is a major cause of the growing problem of water scarcity in Palestine. Hebron district suffers significantly from water scarcity compared to other districts in Palestine. This danger threatens Hebron entity from all aspects of life (domestic, agricultural and industrial). The main aim of this research is to study the available options of water resources covering both local resources and nonconventional sources in the Hebron District that can mitigate water scarcity in the district to create a state of balance between demand and supply based on scientific facts. The method that has been followed is by calculating the value of the Falkenmark index, based on the amount of water available, and the amount needed for domestic, agricultural and industrial water use, at the current situation and the future situation at 2035. It was found that the current total water required to satisfy a person’s needs for domestic, agricultural and industrial sectors is (42.42 Mcm/yr), and the current renewable water resources in Hebron District per person for domestic, agricultural and industrial sectors is (10.97 Mcm/yr). Generally, it was found that Hebron district experience absolute scarcity. And it was found that the available options to mitigate water scarcity in the Hebron District were: water right, water demand management, rainwater harvesting, reduction of water leaks and thefts and treated wastewater reuse. And it was found that when integrated these available options all together will create a state of balance between demand and supply. The result showed that the total water required to satisfy a person’s needs for domestic, agricultural and industrial sectors at 2035 will be (48.22 Mcm/yr), and the Future renewable water resources in Hebron District due to integrated available options all together will be (86.10 Mcm/yr). The results show a lack of management for water sector in Hebron District. This research has shown that the political situation resulting from the Israeli occupation, is the main problem that impede applying of these options. 5 الخﻻصة الماء هو روح الحياة. وندرة المياه هي من بين المشاكل الرئيسية التي يواجهها العديد من المجتمعات والعالم في السنوات المقبلة. ندرة المياه هي عدم وجود موارد المائية المتاحة، مما يؤدي إلى وجود فجوة في تغطية مطالب في المنطقة. تعمل دول كثيرة بشكل مستمر للحد من ندرة المياه. فلسطين من المناطق التي تعاني من شح المياه بشكل كبير في منطقة الشرق اﻷوسط. اﻻحتﻻل اﻹسارئيلي، سببا رئيسيا في تفاقم مشكلة ندرة المياه في فلسطين. محافظة الخليل تعاني بشكل كبير من ندرة المياه بالمقارنة مع مناطق أخرى في فلسطين. هذا الخطر يهدد كيان الخليل من كافة جوانب الحياة )المنزلية والزارعية والصناعية(. الهدف الرئيسي من هذا البحث هو دارسة الخياارت المتاحة للموارد المائية التي تشمل كﻻ من الموارد المحلية ومصادر غير تقليدية في محافظة الخليل التي يمكن أن تخفف ندرة المياه في المنطقة، لخلق حالة من التوازن بين العرض والطلب على أساس الحقائق العلمية. الطريقة التي اتبعت هي عن طريق حساب قيمة المؤشر فالكينمارك، استنادا إلى كمية المياه المتاحة، وكمية المياه الﻻزمة لﻻستخدام المنزلي والزارعي والصناعي، عن الوضع الحالي والوضع المستقبلي في عام 5302. وقد تبين أن إجمالي المياه الحالية الﻻزمة لتلبية احتياجات الفرد للقطاعات المنزلية والزارعية والصناعية هي )25.25 مليون متر مكعب / سنة(، والموارد المائية المتجددة الحالية في منطقة الخليل للشخص الواحد للقطاعات المنزلية والزارعية والصناعية هي )73.01 مليون متر مكعب / سنة(. بشكل عام، وجد أن محافظة الخليل تعاني ندرة مطلقة. وتبين أن الخياارت المتاحة للتخفيف من ندرة المياه في منطقة الخليل هي: الحق في المياه، وادارة الطلب على المياه، وتجميع مياه اﻷمطار، والحد من تسرب المياه والسرقات، واعادة استخدام مياه الصرف الصحي المعالجة. وتبين أنه عندما تدمج هذه الخياارت المتاحه جميعا سيخلق حالة من التوازن بين العرض والطلب. وأظهرت النتائج بأن مجموع كميات المياه الﻻزمة لتلبية احتياجات الفرد للقطاعات المنزلية والزارعية والصناعية في 5302 ستكون )24.55 مليون متر مكعب / سنة(، والموارد المائية المتجددة المستقبلية في منطقة الخليل بسبب تكامل الخياارت المتاحة جميعا ستكون )48.73 مليون متر مكعب / سنة(. أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود إدارة لقطاع المياه في محافظة الخليل. وقد أظهرت هذه الدارسة أن الوضع السياسي الناتج عن اﻻحتﻻل اﻹسارئيلي، هو المشكلة الرئيسية التي تعيق تطبيق هذه الخياارت. 6 DEDICATION To my parents, To my lovely wife, To my heart “Kareem”, To soul of my daughter "Roqia", To my family, To my friends, 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My greatest thanks for my supervisor Dr. Maher Abu-Madi, for his continued follow and guidance. My thanks to my family for their assistance and support. My Special thanks to the West Bank Water Department, Palestinian Water Authority, Water Sector Regulatory Council, the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of National Economy, Ministry of Local Government, Action Against Hunger, American Near East Refugee Aid, Palestinian Hydrology Group, all Municipalities of the district. I would like to thank my thesis examination committee Dr. Rashed Al-Sa`ed and Dr. Nidal Mahmoud. 8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACF Action Against Hunger ANERA American Near East Refugee Aid EQA Environmental Quality Authority HG Hydrology Group ICA Israeli Civil Administration JWC Joint Water Committee JWU Jerusalem Water Undertaking L. Liters L/C/D Liters per capita per day Mcm Million cubic meters MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoH Ministry of Health MoLG Ministry of Local Government MoNE Ministry of National Economy MWH Montgomery Watson Harza Engineering Company PAI Population Action International PCBS Palestinian Central Bureau of
Recommended publications
  • FINAL REPORT: Evaluation of the Local Governance and Infrastructure Program

    FINAL REPORT: Evaluation of the Local Governance and Infrastructure Program

    FINAL REPORT: Evaluation of the Local Governance and Infrastructure Program An evaluation of the effect of LGI's local government initiatives on institutional development and participatory governance Pablo Beramendi, Soomin Oh, Erik Wibbels July 24, 2018 AAID Research LabDATA at William & Mary Author Information Pablo Beramendi Professor of Political Science and DevLab@Duke Soomin Oh PhD Student and DevLab@Duke Erik Wibbels Professor of Political Science and DevLab@Duke The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and should not be attributed to AidData or funders of AidData’s work, nor do they necessarily reflect the views of any of the many institutions or individuals acknowledged here. Citation Beramendi, P., Soomin, O, & Wibbels, E. (2018). LGI Final Report. Williamsburg, VA: AidData at William & Mary. Acknowledgments This evaluation was funded by USAID/West Bank and Gaza through a buy-in to a cooperative agreement (AID-OAA-A-12-00096) between USAID's Global Development Lab and AidData at the College of William and Mary under the Higher Education Solutions Network (HESN) Program. The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Tayseer Edeas, Reem Jafari, and their colleagues at USAID/West Bank and Gaza, and of Manal Warrad, Safa Noreen, Samar Ala' El-Deen, and all of the excellent people at Jerusalem Media and Communication Centre. Contents 1 Executive Summary 1 1.1 Key Findings . .1 1.2 Policy Recommendations . .2 2 Introduction 3 3 Background 4 4 Research design 5 4.1 Matching . .6 4.1.1 Survey Design and Sampling . .8 4.1.2 World Bank/USAID LPGA Surveys .
  • Hebron 1 Cluster Al Jab'a Jenin ¬Ç Checkpointç ¬ D ## Tulkarm Prior to 2000, Socio-Economic Life of These Villager's Earthmound Lives Gravitated Around Beit Awwa

    Hebron 1 Cluster Al Jab'a Jenin ¬Ç Checkpointç ¬ D ## Tulkarm Prior to 2000, Socio-Economic Life of These Villager's Earthmound Lives Gravitated Around Beit Awwa

    UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs October 2005 Closed Villages Project - Villages isolated from their natural centers Palestinians without permits (the large majority of the population) Closures Hebron 1 cluster Al Jab'a Jenin ¬Ç CheckpointÇ ¬ D ## Tulkarm Prior to 2000, socio-economic life of these villager's Earthmound lives gravitated around Beit Awwa. In 2005, all ¬Ç Partial Checkpoint Nablus palestinian traffic is prohibited across Beit Awwa Qalqiliya checkpoint, modifying the socio-economic patterns D Road Gate of these villages. Salfit /" Roadblock Village Population º¹P Under / Overpass Ramallah/Al Bireh Tawas 136 Jericho Al Majd 1699 Constructed Barrier Jerusalem Deir al 'Asal at Tahta 570 Khirbet Abu Hamid 0 Projected Barrier Bethlehem Deir al 'Asal al Fauqa 1895 Under Construction Iskeik 171 Beit ar Rush at Tahta 570 Prohibited Roads Hebron Abu Suhweila 34 Partially Prohibited Beit Mirsim 269 Beit ar Rush al FauqaÇTarqumiya 901 Restricted Use Al Burj¬D 2300 Juwai & Kafr Jul 0 Totally Prohibited Comparing situations Pre-Intifada and August 2005 SomaraFT l D 27 A na D Localities As SikkaR ter y 50 65 Al BirehD In nl 291 Closed Villages r o Idhna ## Year 2000 Jad Allah/ Familyo 36 º¹P## ## F #### August 2005 e #####D Palestinian localities us Total Population: 8949 Natural center Access routes Road used today Road prior to Intifada Hebron 20 Beit 'Awwa Beit Awwa 341 ÇD ¬D # # # As Sikka Jad Allah # As Sikka D Tawas Fawwar## ÇD###### ## ¬D Travel Time (min) ## Al Majd #/"# Closed village cluster ## Deir al 'Asal at Tahta Beit Awwa Khirbet Abu Hamid ## Deir al 'Asal al Fauqa Iskeik ## Beit ar Rush at Tahta D Beit ar Rush al Fauqa ## Beit Mirsim Juwai & Kafr Jul Ya D/" the of part the Al Burj Al Bira delimitation the concerning Somara Somara ## #### Somara ## Closure mapping is a work in progress.
  • Hebron Governorate

    Hebron Governorate

    Hebron Governorate: The Governorate of Hebron is located in the southern part of the West Bank. It is the largest Governorate in the West Bank in terms of size and population. Its area before the 1948 Nakba (disaster) was 2076 km2 while its current area is about 1060 km2. This means that Hebron has lost 51 % of its original size due to the events of Nakba. The population of the Governorate is now half million according to the estimates of the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (2005). The population density of the Governorate is 500 individuals per km2. Hebron Governorate ARAB STUDIES SOCIETY - Land Research Center (LRC) - Jerusalem , Halhul - Main Road 1 Tele / fax : 02 - 2217239, P.O.Box :35 Email: [email protected] URL : www.Ircj.org The number of Palestinian communities in the Governorate is 145, the largest of which is the city of Hebron. It has a built up area of 79.8 km2 (about 7.5 % of the total area of the Governorate). The Governorate of Hebron contains many religious, historical and archeological sites, the most important of which are: the Ibrahimi mosque, the Tel Arumaida area of ancient Hebron which started in the Bronze age – 3500 BC- the biblical site of Mamreh where Abraham pitched his tent and dug a well after his journey from Mesopotamia in 1850 BC, Al Ma’mudiay spring (probable baptismal site of Saint John the Baptist in the village of Taffuh), Saint Philip’s spring in Halhul where Saint Philip baptized the Ethiopian eunuch. Hebron Governorate Israeli Settlements in Hebron Governorate There are 22 Israeli settlements in Hebron Governorate with a built up area of 3.7 km2 (about 0.4% of the total area of Hebron Governorate) as illustrated by the attached map.
  • November 2014 Al-Malih Shaqed Kh

    November 2014 Al-Malih Shaqed Kh

    Salem Zabubah Ram-Onn Rummanah The West Bank Ta'nak Ga-Taybah Um al-Fahm Jalameh / Mqeibleh G Silat 'Arabunah Settlements and the Separation Barrier al-Harithiya al-Jalameh 'Anin a-Sa'aidah Bet She'an 'Arrana G 66 Deir Ghazala Faqqu'a Kh. Suruj 6 kh. Abu 'Anqar G Um a-Rihan al-Yamun ! Dahiyat Sabah Hinnanit al-Kheir Kh. 'Abdallah Dhaher Shahak I.Z Kfar Dan Mashru' Beit Qad Barghasha al-Yunis G November 2014 al-Malih Shaqed Kh. a-Sheikh al-'Araqah Barta'ah Sa'eed Tura / Dhaher al-Jamilat Um Qabub Turah al-Malih Beit Qad a-Sharqiyah Rehan al-Gharbiyah al-Hashimiyah Turah Arab al-Hamdun Kh. al-Muntar a-Sharqiyah Jenin a-Sharqiyah Nazlat a-Tarem Jalbun Kh. al-Muntar Kh. Mas'ud a-Sheikh Jenin R.C. A'ba al-Gharbiyah Um Dar Zeid Kafr Qud 'Wadi a-Dabi Deir Abu Da'if al-Khuljan Birqin Lebanon Dhaher G G Zabdah לבנון al-'Abed Zabdah/ QeiqisU Ya'bad G Akkabah Barta'ah/ Arab a-Suweitat The Rihan Kufeirit רמת Golan n 60 הגולן Heights Hadera Qaffin Kh. Sab'ein Um a-Tut n Imreihah Ya'bad/ a-Shuhada a a G e Mevo Dotan (Ganzour) n Maoz Zvi ! Jalqamus a Baka al-Gharbiyah r Hermesh Bir al-Basha al-Mutilla r e Mevo Dotan al-Mughayir e t GNazlat 'Isa Tannin i a-Nazlah G d Baqah al-Hafira e The a-Sharqiya Baka al-Gharbiyah/ a-Sharqiyah M n a-Nazlah Araba Nazlat ‘Isa Nazlat Qabatiya הגדה Westהמערבית e al-Wusta Kh.
  • Idhna City Profile

    Idhna City Profile

    Idhna City Profile Prepared by The Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem Funded by Spanish Cooperation Azahar program March 2007 Palestinian Localities Study Hebron Governorate Table of Content Location and Physical Characteristics _________________________2 History___________________________________________________3 Demography and Population _________________________________4 Economy _________________________________________________5 Education ________________________________________________7 Health Status _____________________________________________9 Religious and Archaeological Sites ____________________________9 Institutions and Services ___________________________________10 Infrastructure and Natural Resources_________________________11 Agricultural Sector ________________________________________12 Impact of the Israeli Occupation ____________________________15 Development Plans and Projects _____________________________16 Locality Development Priorities and Needs_____________________16 1 Palestinian Localities Study Hebron Governorate Idhna City Profile Location and Physical Characteristics Idhna is a Palestinian city in Hebron Governorate located 15 km southwest of Hebron City in the southern part of the West Bank. Idhna is bordered by Tarqumiya city to the north, Taffuh village and Hebron city to the east, Al Kum villages to the south and the 1949 Armistice Line (the Green Line) to the west (See map 1). Map 1: Idhna location and borders According to Ministry of Local Authority classification, the municipal area of Idhna includes
  • Fourth Phase

    Fourth Phase

    ___ ____ ______ ______ ______ _______ __________ Palestinian National Authority ______ ______ __________ Higher Commission for Local Elections _______ Fourth Phase Constituency Eligible Government No Constituency Category Population member team voters Jerusalem 1. Arab Al-Jahalin Projects 1240 9 committee Total 1 1240 9 Constituency Eligible Government No Constituency Category Population member team voters Jenin 1. Jenin Municipality 36813 15 2. Misliya Village council 2318 9 3. Anza Village council 2065 9 4. Muthalath Al- Village council 1790 9 Shuhada 5. Dahiyat Sabah Village council 1500 9 Al- Kheir 6. Tura Al- Village council 1142 9 Gharbiya 7. Barta a Village council 3709 9 8. Jalqamus Village council 1922 9 9. Mirka Village council 1601 9 10. Raba Village council 3128 9 11. Al-Attara Village council 1104 9 12. Umm At Tut Projects 1032 9 committee 13. Wadi Birqin Projects 1030 9 Committee Total 13 59154 123 Constituency Eligible Government No Constituency Category Population member team voters Tulkarm 1. Tulkarm Municipality 55975 15 2. Saffarin Village council 1067 9 Total 2 57042 24 1 ___ ____ ______- — ____ ______ _: 2402098_ ____: 2402095 _._: Al-Bireh-Al-Shrafa St. Tel: 2402098 Fax: 2402095 P.O. Box: 3730 ___- ______ _______- ____ _______.____ _: 2825422-08 , ____: - Gaza-AlReemal- AlJanoby- — Madhat whadyAl- St Tel: 08-2825422 Fax: 08-2825655 ___ ____ ______ ______ ______ _______ __________ Palestinian National Authority ______ ______ __________ Higher Commission for Local Elections _______ Constituency Eligible Government No Constituency Category Population member team voters Tubas 1. Wad Al-Far a Village council 2405 9 2.
  • Arcview Print

    Arcview Print

    UNRWA hospitals and PHC centers in the West Bank Zububa Rummana At Tayba (Jenin)Ti'innik As Sa'aida 'Arrabuna Silat al Harithiya Al Jalama 'Anin ÚÊ 'Arrana Deir Ghazala Faqqu'a Khirbet SuruAjl Yamun Dahiyat Sabah al Kheir Umm ar Rihan Barghasha Kafr Dan Khirbet 'Abdallah aDl hYauhneisr al Malih Mashru' Beit Qad Barta'a ash SharqiyaTura al Gharbiya Al 'Araqa Al Jameela Beit Qad Khirbet al Muntar al Gharbiya Al Hashimiya ÚÊ Umm Qabub At Tarem Jenin Camp Jalbun Khirbet MUasm'umd Dar Kafr Qud Jenin 'Aba Birqin Wad ad DaDbei'ir Abu Da'if 'Akkaba QeiqisZabda ÚÊ Ya'bad Kufeirit 'Arab as Suweitat Khirbet Sab'ein Qaffin Imreiha Ash Shuhada Umm at Tut Jalqamus Bir al Basha Al Mughayyir (Jenin) Nazlat 'Isa Tannin Baqa Ash ShAanr qNiyaazla ash Sharqiya Arraba Ad Damayra Qabatiya Khirbet Marah ar Raha An Nazla al Gharbiya Telfit Wadi Du'oq Khirbet Kharruba Al MansMuiraka Fahma al Jadida Zeita Seida Al Jarba Misliya Az Zababida Raba Bardala Fahma Kardala Kafr Ra'i Az Zawiya (Jenin) Ibziq Al Kufeir Ein el Beida 'Attil 'Illar 'Ajja Sir 'Anza Sanur Deir al Ghusun Ar Rama Mantiqat al Heish Salhab N Meithalun 'Aqqaba Al Farisiya Al Jarushiya Tayasir Al 'Aqaba Masqufet al Hajj Mas'ud Al Jadida Bal'a Al 'Asa'asa Ath Thaghra Al Malih Al 'Attara Siris Iktaba ÚÊ Jaba' (Jenin) ÚÊ CaÚÊmp Tulkarm Kafr Rumman Silat adh Dhahr Dhinnaba Tubas 'Izbat Abu Khameis Kashda 'Anabta Bizzariya Khirbet Yarza Tulkarm 'Izbat al Khilal Khirbet at Tayyah Burqa (Nablus) Kafr al Labad Yasid ÚÊ Kafa Al Hafasa Beit Imrin El Far'a Camp Far'un'Izbat Shufa Ramin Al Mas'udiya Nisf Jubeil
  • Bethlehem 1 Cluster

    Bethlehem 1 Cluster

    º¹DP UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs October 2005 Qalandiya Camp Closed Villages Project - Villages isolated fromÇ theirQalandiya natural centers º¹ ¬Palestinians without permits (the large majority of the population) village cluster Beit Duqqu P 144 Atarot ### ¬Ç usalem 3 170 Al Judeira Al Jib Closures ## Bir Nabala Beit 'Anan Jenin BethlehemAl Jib 1 cluster Ç Beit Ijza Closed village cluster ¬ Checkpoint ## ## AL Ram CP ## m al Lahim In 2000, villagers would access Bethlehem Ç#along# Earthmound Tulkarm Jerusalem 2 #¬# Al Qubeiba road 60 for their services. In 2005, road 60 and 367 Ç Qatanna Biddu 150 ¬ Partial Checkpoint Nablus 151 are closed to palestinian traffic making these villages Qalqiliya /" # Hizmah CP D inaccessible by car.ramot In ordercp Beit# Hanina to cope,# al#### Balad a local school Ç # ### ¬Ç D Road Gate Salfit has been created¬ and villagers walk to Beit Fajar for Beit Surik health services. /" Roadblock These villages are inaccessible by car Ramallah/Al Bireh Beit Surik º¹P Under / Overpass 152## Ç##Shu'fat Camp 'Anata Jericho Village Population¬ Constructed Barrier Jerusalem Khallet Zakariya 80 173 Projected Barrier Bethlehem Khallet Afana 40 /" Al 'Isawiya /" Under Construction Total Population: 120 Az Za'ayyemProhibited Roads Hebron ## º¹AzP Za'ayyem Zayem CP ¬Ç 174 Partially Prohibited Restricted Use Al 'Eizariya Comparing situations Pre-Intifada /" Totally Prohibited and August 2005 Closed village cluster Year 2000 Localities Abu Dis Jerusalem 1 August 2005 Closed Villages 'Arab al Jahalin
  • Ground to a Halt, Denial of Palestinians' Freedom Of

    Ground to a Halt, Denial of Palestinians' Freedom Of

    Since the beginning of the second intifada, in September 2000, Israel has imposed restrictions on the movement of Palestinians in the West Bank that are unprecedented in scope and duration. As a result, Palestinian freedom of movement, which was limited in any event, has turned from a fundamental human right to a privilege that Israel grants or withholds as it deems fit. The restrictions have made traveling from one section to another an exceptional occurrence, subject to various conditions and a showing of justification for the journey. Almost every trip in the West Bank entails a great loss of time, much uncertainty, friction with soldiers, and often substantial additional expense. The restrictions on movement that Israel has imposed on Palestinians in the West Bank have split the West Bank into six major geographical units: North, Central, South, the Jordan Valley and northern Dead Sea, the enclaves resulting from the Separation Barrier, and East Jerusalem. In addition to the restrictions on movement from area to area, Israel also severely restricts movement within each area by splitting them up into subsections, and by controlling and limiting movement between them. This geographic division of the West Bank greatly affects every aspect of Palestinian life. B’TSELEM - The Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories Ground to a Halt 8 Hata’asiya St., Talpiot P.O. Box 53132 Jerusalem 91531 Denial of Palestinians’ Freedom Tel. (972) 2-6735599 Fax. (972) 2-6749111 of Movement in the West Bank www.btselem.org • [email protected] August 2007 Ground to a Halt Denial of Palestinians’ Freedom of Movement in the West Bank August 2007 Stolen land is concrete, so here and there calls are heard to stop the building in settlements and not to expropriate land.
  • Hebron Deir Samittarusa Kureise

    Hebron Deir Samittarusa Kureise

    Wadi Rahhal Hindaza Al Jab'a Za'tara (Bethlehem) Al Beida Beit FalouhAl 'Asakira Khallet al Balluta Rakhme Khallet Sakariya Ath ThabraAbu Nujeim Jubbet adh Dhib Marah Ma'alla Harmala Al Fureidis Khirbet ad Deir Wadi an NisAl Ma'saraKhallet al Haddad Surif Khallet 'Afana Jurat ash Sham'a Khirbet ad Deir Al Halqum Umm Salamuna Tuqu' Safa Al Manshiya Khirbet al Mantara Marah RabahWadi Muhammad Khirbet Tuqu' Khirbet Jamrura Khirbet Mushrif Al 'Arrub CampBeit Fajjar Hitta Jala Beit Ummar Hamrush Al Maniya Shuyukh al 'Arrub Kharas Qila Nuba Kisan Ras al Jora 'Irqan Turad Beit Ula Al Baqqar Kuziba Shamaliyyat al Hawa Sa'ir Halhul Ash Shuyukh Tarqumiya Bir Musallam Beit Kahil Qafan al Khamis 'Arab ar Rashayida Khirbet al Hasaka Ras at Tawil Idhna Beit 'EinunAd Duwwara Al 'Azazima Al 'Uddeisa Jurun al Louz Wadi ar Rim Al Khamajat Ar Rawa'in Suba Taffuh Beit Maqdum Al KumAl Muwarraq As Samiya Hebron Deir SamitTarusa Kureise Bani Na'im Rafada Wadi 'Ubeid Beit 'Awwa Dura Ar Rawa'in Wadih At Tabaqa Qalqas As Sikka Tawas Fuqeiqis Al Hijra Khirbet Salama Birin Kharsa Zif Al Majd Turrama Al Fawwar Camp Marah al Baqqar Hadab al Fawwar Wadi as Sada Hureiz Deir al 'Asal at Tahta Al Heila Imreish Wadi ash Shajina Deir al 'Asal al Fauqa As Sura 'AbdaDeir Razih Ar Rihiya Beir ar Rush at TahtaIskeik Khirbet Bism Al Buweib Al 'Alaqa al Fauqa Biyar al 'Arus Ad Duweir Hadab al 'Alaqa Beit Mirsim Qinan an Najma Beit ar Rush al Fauqa Karma Beit 'Amra Khurisa Ar Rifa'iyya Juwai & Kafr Jul Khallet 'Arabi Yatta Khallet al MaiyyaAd Deirat Al Burj Wadi al Kilab Kurza Al Bira Abu Al Ghuzlan Umm Lasafa Khallet Salih Rabud Al Muntar Abu al 'Urqan Az Zuweidin I'zeiz Al Karmil An Najada Somara Qinan Jaber Adh Dhahiriya At Tuwani Khirbet Deir Shams Ma'in Khashem al Karem Khirbet Sarura Khirbet Shuweika Qawawis 'Anab al Kabir As Samu' Khirbet Asafi Maghayir al 'AbeedKhirbet al Maq'ura Khirbet Bir al 'Idd Khirbet al Fakheit Khirbet Tawil ash Shih Khirbet al Majaz Ar Ramadin Haribat an Nabi Khirbet Zanuta Imneizil Khirbet al Kharaba Khirbet ar Rahwa Khirbet Ghuwein al Fauqa 'Arab al Fureijat.
  • Volume 162 January 2012

    Volume 162 January 2012

    Applied Research Institute ‐ Jerusalem (ARIJ) P.O Box 860, Caritas Street – Bethlehem, Phone: (+972) 2 2741889, Fax: (+972) 2 2776966. [email protected] | http://www.arij.org Volume 162, January 2012 Issue http://www.arij.org The Monthly overview report gives a list of the Israeli Violations in the Occupied Palestinian Territory which are The text is not quoted directly based on reports provided by field workers and\or by one or from the sources but is edited more of the following news sources: Al‐Ayyam daily for clarity. newspaper, Al‐Quds daily newspaper, Haaretz Daily Newspaper, Israel National News, The Jerusalem Post ‐ The daily report does not English‐language daily newspaper, Paltoday news‐website, necessarily reflect ARIJ’s Palpress news website, Palestine News Agency‐Wafa, opinion. Palestine News Network, Maʹan News Agency, Al Jazeera News Channel, Israel National News, and Yediot Ahronot – English website. Bethlehem • The Israeli occupation soldiers stormed several Palestinian houses in Beit Fajjar town south of Bethlehem city and messed with their contents. Al Quds (January 4, 2012). • The Israeli Occupation Army set up military checkpoint at the western entrance of Beit Jala city, at the DCO checkpoint area, and conducted military operations, checking the ID cards of Palestinians accessing the checkpoint and caused obstruction to the vehicular and pedestrian movements. Al Quds (January 5, 2012). • The Israeli occupation Authorities issued a second amendment and extension of validity to a previously issued military number 136/05/t which was issued back in 2005 and stated the confiscation of 115 dunums of lands of Khallet An Nahla and Wad Rahhal south of Bethlehem city for the construction of the Israeli Segregation wall.
  • The South Hebron Hills

    The South Hebron Hills

    THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS SOLDIERS TESTIMONIES 2010-2016 Breaking the Silence's activities are made possible through the generous support of individuals and foundations including: AECID, Bertha Foundation, Broederlijk Delen , CCFD , Dan Church Aid , Die Schwelle , the Delegation of the European Union to the State of Israel , Foundation for Middle East Peace , medico international , MISEREOR , The Moriah Fund , New Israel Fund , NGO Development Center (NDC), Open Society Foundations , OXFAM, Pro-Victimis Foundation, Rockefeller Brothers Fund , Sigrid Rausing Trust , SIVMO , Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs , Trócaire, ZIVIK and the countless private individuals who have made contributions to our work over the past year . This list represents a list of donors correct to the date of publication. The contents and opinions of this publication do not represent those of our donors or partners and are the sole responsibility of Breaking the Silence. THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS SOLDIERS TESTIMONIES 2010-2016 ISRAELI SOLDIERS TALK ABOUT THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES Introduction The South Hebron Hills is the southernmost part of the West Bank and includes the Palestinian towns of Yatta, Dura, Dhahiriyah, and the surrounding rural areas. The region includes approximately 122 Palestinian communities which together house close to 70,000 people, as well as roughly 8,500 settlers who live in settlements and unauthorized outposts affiliated with the Mount Hebron Regional Council.* The Palestinian population of the South Hebron Hills is primarily composed of Bedouin, as well as fellahin (farmers or agricultural laborers) cave dwellers, who lead a rural traditional lifestyle, earning their living primarily from agricultural work and sheep herding. Some are refugees who arrived in the West Bank after being expelled from Israel in 1948 and the years that followed, while others are descendants of families who have been living in the area for hundreds of years.