TRIALOG 104 a Journal for Planning and Building in the Third World

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TRIALOG 104 a Journal for Planning and Building in the Third World TRIALOG 104 A Journal for Planning and Building in the Third World 1 / 2010 Perspectives on Urban South Africa Editorial 2010 berichteten die Medien viel über Südafrika und auch mögliche Aus- South Africa was given a lot of media attention in 2010, and among other wirkungen der Fußballweltmeisterschaft auf die Stadtentwicklung wurden things that received attention was the potential impact of the Football dabei thematisiert. Fast zehn Jahre nach dem letzten Heft zu Südafrika World Cup on urban development. Almost ten years after the last issue on (Heft 69, Sommer 2001) nimmt TRIALOG dieses kurzzeitige Interesse für das South Africa (Issue 69, Summer 2001), TRIALOG takes this fleeting interest Land am Kap zum Anlass, den Blick nochmals auf die dortige Stadt- und for the country on the Cape as grounds for another look at the urban and Raumentwicklung zu lenken: welche Fragen werden hier – jenseits der regional developments there: beyond the attraction of the major event, Konjunktur des Großereignisses – derzeit aufgeworfen, welche Themen what questions are being raised, what subjects are touched upon, and angeschnitten, welche Herausforderungen gesehen? what challenges are being recognised? Alison Todes, Catherine Cross, Pieter Kok, Marie Wentzel und Jo- Alison Todes, Catherine Cross, Pieter Kok, Marie Wentzel and han van Zyl untersuchen die bislang ungebrochen dynamische Verstäd- Johan van Zyl examine the hitherto unbroken dynamic urbanisation of terung Südafrikas durch innerstädtischen Bevölkerungszuwachs und Zu- South Africa due to urban population growth and migration; large cities wanderung, mit deren Folgen Großstädte besser fertig zu werden scheinen seem better able to cope with the consequences and effects than small als Kleinstädte im ländlichen Raum. Vor dem Hintergrund zunehmender towns in rural areas. Within the context of increasing protest against Proteste gegen kommunale Misswirtschaft beleuchtet Gerhard Kienast municipal mismanagement, Gerhard Kienast casts light on the situa- die Situation der Kommunalverwaltungen und bezweifelt, dass derzeitige tion of local authorities and questions whether current reforms relating Reformen in Bezug auf kommunale Versorgung, Finanzmanagement und to municipal service provision, financial management and reallocation of Neuverteilung der Aufgaben zwischen den Regierungsebenen Erfolg haben tasks between the different levels of government can achieve any success können ohne eine transparente Rechenschaftslegung. Aus Sicht des Pla- when lacking transparent accountability. Stephen Berrisford describes, nungsrechts beschreibt Stephen Berrisford, wie widersprüchliche Inter- from the viewpoint of planning law, how contradictory interpretations of the pretationen des Eigentumsbegriffs sowie unklare Kompetenzen, die durch definition of property rights and opaque competencies that were created überhastete Dezentralisierungsprozesse entstanden sind, eine Reform der by rushed decentralisation hamper a reform of land-use and spatial-plan- noch aus der Apartheidzeit stammenden Raumplanungsgesetze verhin- ning laws that originated in the Apartheid era and thus contribute to further dern und somit zur weiteren sozialräumlichen Segregation beitragen. Für socio-spatial segregation. In pursuit of the ideal of a “competitive city”, das Ideal einer wettbewerbsfähigen Stadt werden informelle Siedlungen informal settlements are often razed or subjected to rigid controls. Marie oft abgerissen oder rigider Kontrolle unterworfen. Marie Huchzermeyer Huchzermeyer takes a critical look at this fatal paradigm of “competitive- kritisiert, dass trotz vieler Lippenbekenntnisse zum „Recht auf Stadt“ dieses ness” which, if not questioned, reduces the reference to the "right to the fatale Wettbewerbsparadigma oft nicht in Frage gestellt wird und weist auf city" to simple lip service. She points out that current concepts of city- den inhärenten Widerspruch zwischen solchen Stadtmarketingkonzepten marketing are inherently incompatible with a city reform in favour of the und einer Stadtreform zugunsten der Benachteiligten hin. Umut Duyar- disadvantaged. Umut Duyar-Kienast discusses the future role of small Kienast diskutiert die zukünftige Rolle von Kleinstädten in Südafrika am towns in South Africa using, as example, the municipalities of the Amathole Beispiel von Stadtverwaltungen des Amathole Distrikts im Ostkap sowie de- District on the Eastern Cape and their experiences with local economic and ren Erfahrungen mit lokalen Strategien zur Wirtschafts- und Raumentwick- regional development strategies. Joel Bolnick and Benjamin Bradlow lung. Joel Bolnick und Benjamin Bradlow schildern, wie dem Netzwerk describe how the grassroots groups in South Africa connected to the Shack/Slum Dwellers International (SDI) angeschlossene Basisgruppen in network Shack/Slum Dwellers International (SDI) "informally" improve their Südafrika ihre Wohnsituation in Selbsthilfe und ‚informell‘ verbessern, um housing situation through self-help so as not to have to forever wait for nicht ewig auf ein Haus des nationalen Wohnbauprogramms zu warten. a house from the national housing programme. Nonetheless, they seek – Trotzdem suchen sie – vor allem bei Siedlungsverbesserungen – den engen particularly when it comes to settlement upgrading – close contacts to the Kontakt zur staatlichen Verwaltung. Moegsien Hendricks, Sabrina Lee state administration. Moegsien Hendricks, Sabrina Lee and Anzabeth und Anzabeth Tonkin kritisieren, dass steigende Grundstückspreise in Tonkin argue that rising land prices in lucrative areas are leading to a lukrativen Lagen zu einer Verdrängung von sozialen Wohnnutzungen und displacement of social housing and thus to an increase in socio-spatial somit zu einer Verstärkung der sozialräumlichen Segregation beitragen. segregation. This could be remedied through a taxing and redistribution of Dem könnte durch eine steuerliche Abschöpfung und Umverteilung des Bo- the land value increases. Richard Pithouse complains that the question denwertzuwachses entgegengewirkt werden. Richard Pithouse bemän- of a democratic, socially just urban development in South Africa is reduced gelt, dass die Frage nach einer demokratischen, sozial gerechten Stadtent- almost entirely to the technical aspects of housing and infrastructure “deliv- wicklung in Südafrika fast nur auf die technischen Fragen des Hausbaus ery”, and is thus depoliticised. His contribution is complemented with an und der Infrastruktur reduziert und damit entpolitisiert wird. Der Beitrag appeal from S’bu Zikode, the President of the social movement Abahlali wird ergänzt von einem eindringlichen Appell von S’bu Zikode, Präsident baseMjondolo, who stresses that the issue of land remains a political is- der Sozialbewegung Abahlali baseMjondolo, der betont, dass die Landfrage sue, particularly in the city. Kate Tissington examines the tensions and gerade auch in der Stadt eine politische Frage bleibt. frustrations found in the co-operations between (legal aid) NGOs and social Kate Tissington untersucht die Spannungen und Enttäuschungen in der movements and points out – despite all the criticism of the dominant role Zusammenarbeit zwischen (Rechtshilfe-)NROs und sozialen Bewegungen of NGOs – the numerous opportunities innate to the continually changing und weist – trotz aller Kritik an der dominanten Rolle von NROs – auf die relationships of these players. zahlreichen Potenziale in der sich stetig verändernden Beziehungen dieser Akteure hin. The biggest challenge faced by an increasingly urban South Africa is the persistent social divisions that give Cape Town and Johannesburg the Die größte Herausforderung für ein zunehmend urbanes Südafrika ist unfortunate position of being the most extremely socially divided cities die fortbestehende soziale Spaltung, die Kapstadt und Johannesburg das in the world. Under these conditions, new social movements and new unglückliche Prädikat der Städte mit der extremsten sozialen Kluft weltweit constellations between actors seek approaches for strengthening social einbringt. Unter diesen Rahmenbedingungen versuchen neue Sozialbe- equality and the realisation of the right to the city. It is not about a gradual wegungen und neue Akteursgeflechte Ansätze zum sozialen Ausgleich zu improvement, but rather about a substantial reduction of the social divide stärken und zur Verwirklichung des Rechts auf Stadt beizutragen. Dabei and socio-spatial segregation. geht es nicht um graduelle Verbesserungen sondern um eine substanzielle Verringerung der sozialen Kluft und der sozialräumlichen Segregation. Umut Duyar-Kienast, Gerhard Kienast, Astrid Ley, Klaus Teschner 2 TRIALOG 104 1/2010 TRIALOG 104 Zeitschrift für das Planen und Bauen in der Dritten Welt 1 / 2010 Perspectives on Urban South Africa Volume Editors: Umut Duyar-Kienast, Gerhard Kienast, Astrid Ley, Klaus Teschner Inhalt / Table of contents 4 South African Urbanisation after Apartheid Alison Todes, Catherine Cross, Pieter Kok, Marie Wentzel and Johan van Zyl 9 The Crisis of Local Governance – Can South Africa’s Municipalities Turn Things Around? Gerhard Kienast 18 Unravelling Apartheid Spatial Planning Legislation in South Africa: A Case Study Stephen Berrisford 25 The Policy Context for Informal Settlements: Competitiveness, Slum Eradication and a Right to the City? Marie Huchzermeyer 29 The Role of Small Towns in South Africa and their Regeneration: The Case of the Amathole District in the Eastern Cape Umut Duyar-Kienast 35 “Rather a Better Shack now than Wait Twenty Years for a Formal
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