The Skeletal System Appendicular Skeleton
• Includes the pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle and
lower limbs What is the pectoral girdle? Pectoral girdle
• These are the bones that attach the upper limbs to the axial
skeleton. Clavicle
• Aka
collarbone • The most frequently
broken bone. • It is an S- shaped bone that connects the upper arm
to the trunk. • The medial end articulates with the sternum and the lateral end articulates with the
scapula. Scapula
• Aka shoulder
blade. • This is a large flat, triangular shaped bone located on the posterior thoracic
cage. Spine • a prominent ridge that runs diagonally across the
scapula. Body • The main flat portion of the
scapula. Acromion • The projection from the lateral end of the spine. Site of articulation
with clavicle Glenoid Cavity/fossa
• A depression inferior to the acromion where the head of the humerus fits
into. Coracoid Process
• An anterior projection that serves as a site of ligament and muscle
attachment. Upper Limb / Extremity • Includes 30 bones in each limb.
–Humerus (arm)
–8 carpals (wrist)
–5 metacarpals (hand)
–14 phalanges (fingers) Humerus
• The longest and largest bone of
the upper limb. • Articulates with the scapula proximally and radius and ulna
distally. Anatomical Neck
• Constricted region distal
to the head. • Site of growth
plate. Body
• The main portion of the bone
(diaphysis) Deltoid Tuberosity
• Boney process on the lateral side of the humerus that serves as the site of attachment for the deltoid
muscle. Capitulum
• A small rounded eminence on the distal end of the humerus that articulates
with the radius Trochlea
• A spool-shaped surface that articulates with
the ulna Olecranon Fossa
• A depression in the back of the humerus that receives the ulna when the forearm is
straight. Station Review
• Number from 1- 10 on a scrap
sheet of paper. The Forearm Ulna
• The medial forearm bone.
(Pinky side) • The longer of the 2 forearm
bones. Olecranon
• The bony process on the proximal end of
the ulna. • The bony part
of the elbow. Coronoid process
• An anterior projecting process inferior to
the olecranon. • Together they help hold the
trochlea. Trochlear notch
• A semicircular depression formed by the olecranon and coronoid
process Radial Notch
• A depression lateral to the trochlear notch that receives the head of the
radius. Styloid process of the Ulna
• A bony projection at the distal end of the
ulna. Radius
• The lateral forearm bone.
(Thumb side) Radial tuberosity
• A roughened bony region on the anterior
proximal surface. • Site of biceps brachii
attachment Styloid process of the Radius
• Pointy projection at the distal end of the
radius The wrist Carpals
• 8 bones, 4 bones in 2
rows. • Short bones named for their
shape. • Proximal row: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and Pisiform • Distal row: Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, and hamate Metacarpals
• The 5 long bones that form
the palm. • Numbered 1-5 starting at the
thumb. Phalanges
• 14 in each hand • 2 in the thumb (proximal and distal) • 3 in the remaining 4 digits (proximal, intermediate and distal) Review
• Which bones make up a pectoral girdle? What is the function of the pectoral girdle? • With which part of the scapula does the humerus articulate? • What part of which bones make your “knuckles”? • What bones form the upper limb, from proximal to distal? Take out a ½ sheet of paper
and number it 1-11 The Pelvic Girdle and Lower
Limb Pelvic (hip) Girdle
• The pelvis is made up of 2 bones called
hip bones or Coxal bones • The pelvic bones attach to each other anteriorly by a fibrocartilage pad called
the Pubic Symphasis. • The hipbones articulate with the sacrum
in the posterior. Pelvis vs. pelvic girdle The pelvis is made up of:
1. The coxal bone
2. The sacrum
3. The coccyx What’s the difference between the pelvis and the pelvic
girdle? Each hipbone is actually the
fusion of 3 bones 1.Ilium - superior
portion 2.Pubis - anterior
portion – Site of pubic
symphysis 3.Ischium – inferior and posterior
portion Lower Limb
• 30 bones in each
– Femur (thigh)
– Patella – Tibia & Fibula (leg)
– Tarsals
– Metatarsals
– Phalanges Femur
• Thigh bone • Longest, strongest and heaviest bone
in the body • It articulates with the coxal bone proximally and the tibia
distally. Lateral & Medial Condyles
• Rounded projections that articulate with
the tibia. Greater Trochanter
• Large lateral boney projection that serves as a point of muscle
attachment. Patella
• Sesmoid bone • Found in the tendon of the
quad muscle. Tibia
• The shin bone • Larger of the 2
lower leg bones
• medial Fibula
• The smaller, lateral lower leg
bone. • The tibia articulates with the femur and the Fibula at the proximal end and the talus at the
distal end. • The patellar tendon attaches to the Tibial tuberosity on
the tibia. Medial maleolus
• The distal end of the tibia ends in the boney process that can be seen as a bump in the
medial ankle. Fibula (– add this slide to
notes) • Lateral lower
leg bone. • Articulates with the tibia and the talus (tarsal
bone) Lateral maleolus
• Distal projection at the end of
the fibula. The Foot Tarsals
• 7 bones
- 2 posterior: Talus and
Calcaneus
- 5 anterior: cuboid, navicular
and 3 cuneiform Talus
• This is the tarsal bone that articulates with
the tibia. Calcaneus
• Your heal bone. • The most posterior of the
tarsal bones. Metatarsals
• 5 bones that make up the pad of your
foot. Phalanges
• 14 in each foot • 2 in the Big Toe
(Hallux) • 3 in the other
toes. Warm Up
• What are the 3 parts of the coxal
bone? • What bone does the Achilles tendon attach to? (It is the most
posterior of the tarsal bones)
• What is the medial lower leg bone?