The Skeletal System Appendicular Skeleton

• Includes the pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle and

lower limbs What is the pectoral girdle? Pectoral girdle

• These are the bones that attach the upper limbs to the axial

skeleton. Clavicle

• Aka

collarbone • The most frequently

broken bone. • It is an S- shaped bone that connects the upper arm

to the trunk. • The medial end articulates with the sternum and the lateral end articulates with the

scapula. Scapula

• Aka shoulder

blade. • This is a large flat, triangular shaped bone located on the posterior thoracic

cage. Spine • a prominent ridge that runs diagonally across the

scapula. Body • The main flat portion of the

scapula. Acromion • The projection from the lateral end of the spine. Site of articulation

with clavicle Glenoid Cavity/fossa

• A depression inferior to the acromion where the head of the humerus fits

into. Coracoid Process

• An anterior projection that serves as a site of ligament and muscle

attachment. Upper Limb / Extremity • Includes 30 bones in each limb.

–Humerus (arm)

–Ulna & radius (forearm)

–8 carpals (wrist)

–5 metacarpals (hand)

–14 phalanges (fingers) Humerus

• The longest and largest bone of

the upper limb. • Articulates with the scapula proximally and radius and ulna

distally. Anatomical Neck

• Constricted region distal

to the head. • Site of growth

plate. Body

• The main portion of the bone

(diaphysis) Deltoid Tuberosity

• Boney process on the lateral side of the humerus that serves as the site of attachment for the deltoid

muscle. Capitulum

• A small rounded eminence on the distal end of the humerus that articulates

with the radius Trochlea

• A spool-shaped surface that articulates with

the ulna Olecranon Fossa

• A depression in the back of the humerus that receives the ulna when the forearm is

straight. Station Review

• Number from 1- 10 on a scrap

sheet of paper. The Forearm Ulna

• The medial forearm bone.

(Pinky side) • The longer of the 2 forearm

bones. Olecranon

• The bony process on the proximal end of

the ulna. • The bony part

of the elbow. Coronoid process

• An anterior projecting process inferior to

the olecranon. • Together they help hold the

trochlea. Trochlear notch

• A semicircular depression formed by the olecranon and coronoid

process Radial Notch

• A depression lateral to the trochlear notch that receives the head of the

radius. Styloid process of the Ulna

• A bony projection at the distal end of the

ulna. Radius

• The lateral forearm bone.

(Thumb side) Radial tuberosity

• A roughened bony region on the anterior

proximal surface. • Site of biceps brachii

attachment Styloid process of the Radius

• Pointy projection at the distal end of the

radius The wrist Carpals

• 8 bones, 4 bones in 2

rows. • Short bones named for their

shape. • Proximal row: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and Pisiform • Distal row: Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, and hamate Metacarpals

• The 5 long bones that form

the palm. • Numbered 1-5 starting at the

thumb. Phalanges

• 14 in each hand • 2 in the thumb (proximal and distal) • 3 in the remaining 4 digits (proximal, intermediate and distal) Review

• Which bones make up a pectoral girdle? What is the function of the pectoral girdle? • With which part of the scapula does the humerus articulate? • What part of which bones make your “knuckles”? • What bones form the upper limb, from proximal to distal? Take out a ½ sheet of paper

and number it 1-11 The Pelvic Girdle and Lower

Limb Pelvic (hip) Girdle

• The pelvis is made up of 2 bones called

hip bones or Coxal bones • The pelvic bones attach to each other anteriorly by a fibrocartilage pad called

the Pubic Symphasis. • The hipbones articulate with the sacrum

in the posterior. Pelvis vs. pelvic girdle The pelvis is made up of:

1. The coxal bone

2. The sacrum

3. The coccyx What’s the difference between the pelvis and the pelvic

girdle? Each hipbone is actually the

fusion of 3 bones 1.Ilium - superior

portion 2.Pubis - anterior

portion – Site of pubic

symphysis 3.Ischium – inferior and posterior

portion Lower Limb

• 30 bones in each

– Femur (thigh)

– Patella – Tibia & Fibula (leg)

– Tarsals

– Metatarsals

– Phalanges Femur

• Thigh bone • Longest, strongest and heaviest bone

in the body • It articulates with the coxal bone proximally and the tibia

distally. Lateral & Medial Condyles

• Rounded projections that articulate with

the tibia. Greater Trochanter

• Large lateral boney projection that serves as a point of muscle

attachment. Patella

• Sesmoid bone • Found in the tendon of the

quad muscle. Tibia

• The shin bone • Larger of the 2

lower leg bones

• medial Fibula

• The smaller, lateral lower leg

bone. • The tibia articulates with the femur and the Fibula at the proximal end and the talus at the

distal end. • The patellar tendon attaches to the Tibial tuberosity on

the tibia. Medial maleolus

• The distal end of the tibia ends in the boney process that can be seen as a bump in the

medial ankle. Fibula (– add this slide to

notes) • Lateral lower

leg bone. • Articulates with the tibia and the talus (tarsal

bone) Lateral maleolus

• Distal projection at the end of

the fibula. The Foot Tarsals

• 7 bones

- 2 posterior: Talus and

Calcaneus

- 5 anterior: cuboid, navicular

and 3 cuneiform Talus

• This is the tarsal bone that articulates with

the tibia. Calcaneus

• Your heal bone. • The most posterior of the

tarsal bones. Metatarsals

• 5 bones that make up the pad of your

foot. Phalanges

• 14 in each foot • 2 in the Big Toe

(Hallux) • 3 in the other

toes. Warm Up

• What are the 3 parts of the coxal

bone? • What bone does the Achilles tendon attach to? (It is the most

posterior of the tarsal bones)

• What is the medial lower leg bone?