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HORIZONS VOL. 8 • NO. 3

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liiE FRENCH LEGION OF HONOR is one of the world's pre­ Teminent governmental awards presented to civilians as well as to military personages. Napoleon Bonaparte, in May 1802 when he was First Consul, proposed the idea of a Legion of Honor, and the Legislative Assembly passed the bill creating the Order. The law stipulated that members of the Legion of Honor were to be soldiers who had rendered exceptional service to France, and civilians who — through outstanding talent and knowledge — had advanced the country's welfare. So great had the prestige of the Legion of Honor grown when the Empire fell in 1814 that Lord Byron, British poet, dedicated a sentimental farewell ode to it. However, the Order survived the turn of events, and its principles were reaffirmed by Napoleon the Third in 1852, and remain unaltered to this day. The Order of the Legion is now an integral part of the life of the nation. It is administered by a Grand Chancellor and consists of five grades: Chevalier, Officier, Commandeur, Grand Officier, and Grand-Croix. These distinctions are granted after consultation with the The Council of the Order by the President of the Republic, who is Grand Master of the Order. International Harvester Company and its chairman, John L. Legion McCaffrey, were signally honored during the summer of 1956, when Mr. McCaffrey was made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. In a ceremony in the IH General Offices, in Chicago, Illinois, France's consul general, Jean Strauss, presented Mr. McCaffrey of Honor with the Cross of the Legion of Honor, and praised the contribu­ tion that the company and its chairman are making toward the greater mechanization of French agriculture. "French agriculture now produces much more than it did in 1939,'' Mr. Strauss stated, "and Mr. McCaffrey has helped most efficiently in the recovery which has taken place in France after the war, and we are very grateful to him." Since the close of World War II, Mr. McCaffrey has traveled extensively in Europe and has paid continuing attention to France, where International Harvester has one of its largest overseas affiliates — CIMA (Compagnie Internationale des Machines Agricoles). CIMA operates farm machinery works at Croix, Montataire, and St. Dizier, a twine mill at Croix, and has 12 sales branches in France and North Africa. International Harvester has been doing business in France since 1855, when Cyrus Hall McCormick's reaper won the Grand Gold Medal of Honor of the Paris International Exposition. -* • • Consul Genera! Strauss pins Legion of Honor on lapel of IH Chairman McCaffrey. Outlet tower of new Eildon stands out sharply in this view. Part of dam wall is in background.

*Big Eildon' and Upper Yarra AUSTRALIA BUILDS TWO NEW DAM

-r *- AST OF THE six CONTINENTS to be touched by modern civi­ more than one million persons from the United Kingdom and L lization, Australia is also the driest of the world's great other European countries, and no one can foresee when this land divisions. A steadily-increasing population makes it a tide of immigration will recede. Latest population figures give matter of vital necessity for the country to conserve its precious the nation 9,090,738 inhabitants. water resources for the continued growth of agriculture and An important agricultural and livestock producing country industry. More and electrical power now are two of almost from its earliest days of settlement, Australia has become the most pressing needs. one of the globe's highly-industralized nations. But there is Since the end of 1947, Australia has welcomed to its shores still room for expansion of tremendous proportions. The

"Big Eildon" Dam was completed late in 1955. This photograph of the structure was made in the final stages of construction. The dam is supplying both irrigation and power. AUSTRALIA

Powerhouse of new during its initial building period. With com­ pletion of dam, an extra 120,000 kilowatts have been added to system. country is a veritable treasure-trove, with much of its mineral About 88 miles northeast of is an area contain­ wealth still awaiting a full exploitation. ing some of the most scenic bushland in Australia. In the midst Since water is one of the keys to Australia's continued of this attractive region is the town of Eildon, one of 's prosperity, the country has undertaken hydraulic development best-known fishing and tourist resorts. And here is located programs of vast magnitude in recent years. "Big Eildon"— the new dam on the , Victoria's Overshadowing all other such projects is the gargantuan largest watercourse. Snowy Mountains Scheme — the greatest engineering feat ever Rising 260 feet above the bed of the river, Eildon is the attempted in Australia and one that ranks with anything of a largest earthen dam in the Southern Hemisphere. This Cyclo­ similar nature ever tried elsewhere around the world. pean wall of earth and rock is more than a mile and one-half Begun in 1949, this 25-year task involves an area of 5,500 long, contains 13 million cubic yards of earth and rock fill, square miles in the Australian Alps, 300 miles from Sydney and its spillway and outlet works required more than 200,000 and 400 miles from Melbourne. Fourteen and 17 power cubic yards of concrete. stations are essential features of The Snowy Mountains Scheme. Located immediately below the old Eildon Dam, the new Benefits to be gained from the Scheme include increased structure has a water storage capacity of 2,750,000 acre-feet irrigation for the fertile Murray and Murrumbidgee Valleys, — a quantity four times greater than that contained in Sydney and the production of three million kilowatts of electricity — Harbor. The original Eildon held back 306,000 acre- an amount greater than the 1954 capacity of all generating feet of water. stations in Australia. Water impounded by the new dam now is bringing wide­ Of lesser stature than the Snowy Mountains Scheme, but spread benefits to an area where the annual rainfall is only of great importance in the nation's economy, are the new 18 inches. Eildon and the Upper Yarra Dams. The former was completed This water provides for many years of security against late in 1955, and the latter is scheduled to be in operation by drought restrictions for water users in all the irrigation districts the end of 1957. of Northern Victoria, and gives increased impetus to the development of 1,250,000 acres of land already served by the Prospect of town of Eildon from Tank Goulburn Irrigation System. Hill. Population of municipality has Primary production from this irrigated land now is valued i\ risen from 200 to nearly 3,000 persons at 19 million Australian pounds a year, and this figure soon is since finishing of "Big Eildon" Dam. SSHSt^nrmi tS«

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Three International L-l 92 trucks await loads of concrete at mix­ ing plant near new Eildon Dam. International dump and utility trucks were widely used there.

expected to be doubled. More dairy produce, beef, mutton, measures 1,256 feet in length and has a diameter of 23 feet. lamb, pork, fresh fruit and vegetables will come to Australian Before the new dam was built, the town of Eildon numbered tables and be available for export. 200 people. Today, there are 2,700 inhabitants and the site The Goulbutn Valley is an important factor in the Aus­ has become Victoria's newest industrial center. Large firms tralian canned fruit industry. Annual output from canneries have purchased more than 200 prefabricated houses and at Shepparton, Kyabram and Mooropna, together with that of factories and have begun the full-scale development of the metropolitan canneries using the valley's produce, represents area's numerous timber resources. 70 per cent of the country's total production of canned peaches, When Eildon's construction scars have healed, the area will pears and apricots. provide even greater lure for the angler and tourist. Some "Big Eildon" was built for the Victorian State Rivers and 34,000 acres of water well stocked with fish will await the Water Supply Commission, at a cost of 22 million Australian fisherman's line, and boating and sightseeing enthusiasts will pounds, by the Utah Construction Company of the United have additional facilities for their diversion. States of Ametica. Work began in January 1951. Approximately While the is beginning to reap the benefits 2,000 men were needed to construct the dam and the associated of the new Eildon Dam, work is proceeding on the Upper wotks. International dump and utility trucks of Australian Yarra Dam situated on the Yarra River, 52 miles east of manufacture were included among the vast array of construc­ Melbourne. tion equipment used for the dam. The equipment cost an The Upper Yarra Dam will rise 293 feet above the river estimated 3,340,000 Australian pounds. bed — 33 feet higher than Eildon Dam — and will be 2,000 The State Electricity Commission operates hydro-electric feet long — compared with Eildon's length of more than works at Eildon, and the new reservoir has made possible the 7,900 feet. addition of a futther 120,000 kilowatts of power generating Work began on the Upper Yarra Dam in 1947 and is capacity to the State electricity system. Water is diverted expected to be completed at the end of 10 years. One thousand to the from the reservoir through a tunnel which men are working on the earth and rock structure, which will

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Rocks for fill material for Upper Yarra Dam are piled up in quarry by International TD-24 crawler trac­ tor. Power shovel picks up rocks for truck loading and transport to dam site, 52 miles from Melbourne. AUSTRALIA

The 2,700 - foot-long diversion tunnel of the Upper Yarra Dam, which is scheduled to be in full operation by the end of 1957.The tunnel has a diameter of 20 feet.

require a total of IVi million cubic yards of fill for completion. Reservoir, and from there through service to Mel­ Unlike "Big Eildon," which is designed to impound water bourne and its suburbs, where 1,750,000 persons live. for irrigation and hydro-electric power, the Upper Yarra Dam The Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works has is being built to store water for the city of Melbourne. The calculated that, allowing for the city's present growth, there region of the dam has an annual rainfall of 45 inches. will be sufficient water storage to serve Melbourne and vicinity The Yarra Reservoir will have a capacity of 44 billion up to the end of the present century, after the Upper Yarra gallons, or 160,000 acre-feet, almost twice the capacity of Dam is finished. Melbourne's four other reservoirs — Yan Yean, Maroondah, Much of the heavy earthmoving on the site of the dam is O'Shannassy and Silvan. being petformed by a group of 13 International TD-24 crawler It has been estimated that the new reservoir will take more tractors — the largest crawlers manufactured by International than one year to fill, in a year of average stream flow, and the Harvester. amount of water held when it is full will more than supply The Eildon and Upper Yarra Dams are but two examples Melbourne's present total water consumption for one year. of what the progressive and farseeing country of Australia is The water will flow by open aqueduct and pipe to Silvan doing to materially strengthen its national economy. • • *

Early construction scene of Upper Yarra Dam's concrete overflow spill­ way, which is designed to handle major floods. View of agricultural ex­ hibit at the Zaragoza Fair. (SfSS

INCE 1926, International Harvester's affiliate company in German-built Farmall tractor in Gerona Province. S Spain, Compania Internacional de Maquinas Agricolas (CIMA), has been serving the needs of agriculture in Spain and Portugal with the most modern types of farm machinery and implements. As the economies of the two nations expand, CIMA has more and more attention drawn to its activities. At the annual Zaragoza Sample Fair, in the Aragon region, the Spanish ministers of Finance, Education, Commerce and Agriculture toured the exhibit of the local IH dealer, Don Pedro Cabeza, and paid high compliments to the impressive array of machinery bearing the McCormick and International labels. In the Province of Gerona, in northeastern Spain, the IH dealet, Hija de Gines Creixell, of La Bisbal, has imported a substantial quantity of Fanjmall tractors manufactured in IH's Neuss, Germany, Works, and has been busy demonstrating the Ana Maria Badell drives combine in Madrid parade. tractors on farms in the vicinity. The tractors have received an enthusiastic reception from the area's farmers. * .1 Citizens of fashionable Madrid took a second look when a McCormick International No. 141 self-propelled harvester- thresher rolled down one of the main streets during the parade marking the centenary of the founding of the Madrid School of Agricultural Engineers. At the wheel of the combine was an attractive young lady, Miss Ana Maria Badell, one of the school's outstanding students. A McCormick International WD-9 tractor won the grand prize at the Santarem Agricultural Show in Portugal in compe­ tition against 77 other tractors in a series of contests involving normal farm work and special skill tests. The tractor, sold by Fassio Limitada, IH distributor, is owned by Cia. Levirias do Tajo y Sado and was driven by Albino Jose Ricardo, who Precision driving test at Santarem Show. was awarded two cups for his skillful handling. • • • In Oil-Rich Land. . . IRAQ MODERNIZES ROAD SYSTEM

INCE TIME IMMEMORIAL, the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Euphrates has resulted in great damage to the countryside. S have been the lifeblood of Iraq. It was the waters of these A five-year economic plan, begun in 1955 and authorizing rivers, linked with an intricate system of canals, that sparked expenditures of one billion dollars, has as its aims large- one of the great civilizations of the ancient world. Iraq — the irrigation, flood control and road-building programs in the Mesopotamia of old — receives less than 10 inches of rain a valley. When completed, the plan is expected to bring an year, and agriculture depends entirely on irrigation. additional five and a half million acres into production, and The maze of canals made the Tigris-Euphrates Valley — multiply farm income many times. legendary cradle of the human race — a veritable paradise, The widespread 1954 floods washed out many sectors of since the soil in this region is of extraordinary fertility. For the important Baghdad-Fallujah-Ramadi Road. This 65-mile centuries, the rivers continued to benefit generation after thoroughfare connects with the desert road leading to the generation. Then, between 700-1258, two great invasions Mediterranean ports of Syria and Lebanon. Approximately half destroyed the all-important canals, and the once abundant the imports and exports of Iraq enter or leave the country by cornucopia deteriorated into a wasteland. this route. In the intervening years, the irrigation system has been pains­ In November 1955, the Iraq Development Board awarded a takingly rebuilt, but it still is below the level of the original $2,800,000 contract to Dijla Construction & Saraji Trading pattern. As a result, the periodic flooding of the Tigris and Company for the modernization of the existing Baghdad-

Above: Working 20 hours daily, International TD-9 trac­ tor pulls 8-ton tamping roller. 4 Right: TD-9, with Drott Skid- Shovel, loads sand for use in the road's compact sub-base. TD-9 Skid-Shovel team unloads sand bucket in one of 34 International trucks in use on 65-mile road job.

Fallujah-Ramadi Road. The working force of 1,200 men is purchased by the contractors especially for the job at hand. expected to have the thoroughfare completely open to traffic One of the great oil-producing countries of the world, again by November 1956. Iraq has embarked on an ambitious road-building program So that the road can withstand the extreme summer tem­ that is vastly improving communications within the boundaries peratures and the severe winter frosts, the contractors are of its ancient land, and with the nations bordering it. buttressing ir with a 20-inch foundation — a 12-inch sub-base It was not too long ago that a traveler desiring to journey of gravel and sand and 8 inches of crushed stone. Three inches from Baghdad to Aleppo, Syria, could not hope to arrive of concrete and asphalt top the road. before 30 days, using camels or horse-drawn carts on a rough Among the equipment items brought to the work sites road. Today, on a modern road and using automotive trans­ were three International TD-9 crawler tractors and 34 Inter­ portation, the traveler can cover the 600 miles in less than national pickup and dump trucks. These machines were 16 hours. • • •

i> Below: Under direction of shop supervisor of Damirji Co., Ltd., IH distributor, three stu­ dents of Baghdad Technical School service International TD-9 diesel crawler tractor.

Above: International R-184's cargo of sand is off­ loaded into an aggregate spreader. Material is i\ for use on the 20-inch foundation of newly-mod­ ernized Baghdad-Fallujah-Ramadi thoroughfare. COLOMBIA —One of the eigrati used by Morrison-Knudsen CompoAis Highway in Occidental Mountains!)*

MEXICO—Visitors to National Automobile Show, at Chapultepec, examine German-built Farmall tractor. Reversible disk plow was made at IH's Saltillo Works in Mexico. Tractor in background is U.S.-built Farmall 400 model.

WORLE m recordy SOUTH AFRICA — International TD-9 tractor, with Drott log rack, demonstrates stock piling prowess near Albert Falls.

FORMOSA — First of 50 Brookville alcohol-burning locomotives being delivered to Taiwan Sugar Corporation shown at the Kichow Station. GERMANY — D-430 Farmall tractoti Left to right: C.S. Lu, train engineer; Calvin Chang, general manager, largest of five new German-built Farmallsl Wayfoong & Co., IH distributor; E. C. Garcia, service engineer, IH of ready to be viewed by more than 4O0| Philippines, and C. M. Chen, train engineer. The new locomotives replace dealers at IH Neuss plant. Front-end loader old,inefficient steam locomotives widely used in the firm's large cane fields. and weather-proof cab are shown herel national TD-24 crawler tractors being Construction of section of Simon Bolivar r Dagua, in the Department of Valle.

HOLLAND—Students at Pickup Baler service school conducted by Boeke & Huidekoper, I H distributor in Haarlem, study baler mechanism.

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U.S.A. — Members of Uruguayan In­ dustrial Productivity Study Team take time out from tour of IH's huge Tractor Works in Chicago, Illinois, to pose in front of one of many tractors they in­ spected. Team made exhaustive survey of U.S.A. manufacturing methods.

HOLLAND — Above. Ancient IH automobile and tractor drew much attention alongside new equipment display (right) in The Hague by H. Englebert, IH dis­ tributor. Tractor on stand is made in IH's Neuss Works, Germany. View of part of B-250 tractor assembly line in Bradford Works — the newest IH manu­ facturing facility in Britain.

New Plant, New Tractor. . . IH MOVES FORWARD IN BRITAIN f

WE INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER Company of Great Britain Normally, the introduction of a completely new tractor TLimited is widely known the length and breadth of the offering greatly advanced comfort, convenience and safety for United Kingdom, and in many other parts of the globe, as an domestic and foreign markets would be a feather in any com­ exceptionally newsworthy organization. Its reputation is the pany's cap. But when the manufacturing of the tractor is carried result of the frequency with which it announces additions to its out in a new plant, then the occasion is one marking a signi­ constantly-growing product line, expansion of its manufactur­ ficant milestone in the firm's steady march forward. ing and sales facilities, and further development of its strong The McCormick International B-250 is rolling off the export market. assembly lines of IH's new Bradford Works, acquired expressly During the spring of 1956, the company again justified its for the building of the tractor. Located in suburban Bradford, position as a newsmaker — and reaped thousands of words of in Yorkshire, the factory was purchased from the Jowett print and praise — as it began production of its newest wheel Company, manufacturers of automobiles and light motortrucks. tractor — the diesel B-250, aptly named "The Little Giant." In addition to being noted for its* textile industry, this

The first B-250 tractor comes off the Bradford as­ sembly line, and the men who produced it proudly assemble for group photo.

12 Clean-cut, modern lines of B-250 stand out boldly as machine holds prominent position at Smithfield Show. district of Yorkshire is also well known for its engineering anticipated that output will be increased by 75 per cent. talent. This pool of mechanical skill was of great benefit to It is entirely appropriate that the British IH affiliate should International Hatvester, as the company was able to employ a be setting such a fast pace, for it was in England that Cyrus highly-trained working force previously with Jowett. Hall McCormick, perfecter of the reaper and founder of the The B-250 is a worthy companion to its larger brothers present International Harvester Company, first developed a turned out at IH's Doncaster Works, also situtated in York­ thriving international business. shire. These are the Farmall Super BMD, Super BM, Standard Mr. McCormick, who had been building reapers in the Super BWD-6 and Super BW-6 wheel tractors, and the BTD-6 United States since 1840 and erected a plant in Chicago, and BT-6 crawlers. Illinois, in 1847, thereafter sought to extend his operations to These tractors have earned an enviable reputation and, in Europe. In 1851, he displayed one of his reapers at London's response to the expressed desires of many of its customers, IH Crystal Palace Exhibition. of Great Britain decided to supplement its excellent tractor The highest award of the Exhibition—the Council line with a smaller model — the B-250. Medal — was awarded to Mr. McCormick. News of this With 25 drawbar horsepower, the B-250 has appealing, outstanding success spread fast, and the sale of McCormick clean-cut lines and was designed to fit in the most popular reapers rapidly became world-wide. powet and performance range. Today, Bradford's 15 acres (there are 310,000 square Indicative of the tremendous interest of the British farmer feet of floor space) reflect the pride felt by a superb 700-man in the B-250 is the fact that IH dealers have already ordered the working force turning out a superb product — and IH's newest entire first year's production. Bradford now is turning out 50 manufacturing facility has become a full-fledged partner in the of "The Little Giants" daily, and in 1957 it is confidently world-wide International Harvester family. • • •

left: One of the many interested groups that critically examined the B-250 at Smithfield. Below: Crated "Little Giant" goes aboard vessel at ¥ Liverpool for journey to IH's Australian affiliate firm.

13 IH Instructor Humberto Zaz- zali conducts tractor class in Paraguay. Insef: Gold medal awarded to Mr. Zazzali by the government.

TRAINING SCHOOLS CONTINUE POPULARm

As, PART of its world-wide operations,. International Har- Roads Department, Queensland Government Railways and -^J- vester Company constantly conducts training courses in the Irrigation and Water Conservation Commission. the proper operation and servicing of its many products. In Paraguay, 54 students attended a tractor operator's These courses, which everywhere have met with an enthu­ school in Colonia Pirareta, 45 miles from the capital city of siastic reception, are established either by overseas IH affiliate Asuncion. The course covered a three weeks' period, and was companies, representatives of International Harvester Export conducted for the Paraguayan government by Interpar, the Company or IH distributors. local IH distributor. Typical of these schools — many of which have been cited The student body consisted of 22 agriculturists, 11 mem­ by governmental officials as contributing materially to the bers of the Paraguayan Farm Mechanization Service, 13 advancement of their respective nation's economy — were two mechanics and tractor operators, six military men and two held recently in widely-separated parts of the globe — Para­ members of the Public Works Ministry. The instructors, guay and Australia. Humberto Zazzali and Bautista Besset, were from the technical The Australian school was part of a continuing service department of International Harvester Company of Argentina. program of International Harvester Company of Australia, General Alfredo Stroessner, Paraguayan president, attended Pty. Ltd., and its construction equipment distributors. the opening session of the school, while the official inaugural A. J. Sutton, industrial service supervisor of the local IH address was given by Eng. Anastasio Fernandez, the govern­ company, conducted a highly-successful school at Industrial ment's Farm Mechanization Service director. Sales and Service, Ltd., Brisbane, for the staff of the Common­ So pleased were Paraguayan officials with the school's out­ wealth Department of Works. Mr. Sutton also presided at standing success that they shortly afterwards awarded gold other Queensland service schools for the Brisbane Main medals to the two instructors. • • *

In Brisbane, Australia, H. A. Sutton, service supervisor of local IH affiliate, holds classroom session for personnel of Commonwealth Department of Works.

14 Akamba tribe members re­ ceive medical treatment in Kenya from mobile dispensary.

N THE AFRICA of 1956, the motor truck has almost ceased the construction work were the families of the Rev. John G. J to be a source of wonderment, traveling extensively into Armes and the Rev. F. Sanders Campbell. the most remote areas, whether roads exist or not. In Nyasaland, O. J. Carey, a government game control In Kenya, two representatives of the Independent Board officer, is constantly on the move over rough roads, or of Presbyterian Foreign Missions — Miss Dorothy R. Roberts through bush country completely lacking in roads, as he and Miss Marian W. McNeil, both from the United States - checks the movement of animal herds and the activities of have been performing a variety of good deeds since 1946. hunting parties. Working from their headquarters in the village of Mwingi, When the grass and reeds dry out along the and the two women minister to the bodies as well as the souls of rivers, Mr. Carey is extremely busy, for it is then that the the Akamba tribe. Because the nearest government hospital is hippopotami find it difficult to satisfy their voracious appetites 50 miles away, Miss Roberts and Miss McNeil operate an and take to raiding cultivated garden plots. One of the game International pickup truck as a mobile dispensary and treat officer's duties is to protect crops against marauding animals, common illnesses and wounds. and it is necessary to chase the lumbering beasts back to their Water is a very serious problem and the women carry regular haunts. Man-eating lions and stock-raiding leopards enough for drinking and bathing on their week-end evange­ also cause much trouble, and most of these predators must listic safaris. They also have fitted the R-120 truck for sleeping be shot. quartets. To make his inspection trips, Mr. Carey uses an Inter­ Recently the mission at Mwingi was enlarged with the national pickup truck, which has taken him through Nyasaland, building of three homes, a two-room Bible school and a small Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika and the Union of South Africa. hospital. Miss Roberts used the truck to haul most of the He has driven his R-110 more than 20,000 miles without a building materials ffom Nairobi, 113 miles distant. Aiding in repair job. * • •

Game Control Officer O. J. Carey attempts to at- k tract attention of giraffe during Nyasaland tour.

15 Enrico Setucci, Italian immigrant, is typical of the sturdy farmers who have transformed the jungle into highly-productive farm land.

Experimental Farm Colony . TUREN AIDS VENEZUELA'S ECONOMY

NE OF THE NORTHERNMOST countries of South America, Another exciting find — this in the economic field — was O Venezuela, well can be called a "land of wonders." made in 1947, when the now famous Cerro Bolivar "iron There is scenery of surpassing beauty, and the world's highest mountain" in the remote Guiana Highlands was discovered. waterfall is located in the jungle area of the eastern region. In addition to its tremendous iron ore deposits, Venezuela This is Angel Falls, 3,212 feet high — twelve and a half also possesses a wealth of gold, diamonds, copper, coal, tin, times the height of Niagara — first reported in 1937 by Jimmy manganese, asbestos and mica. Her greatest buried treasure, Angel, a United States aviator, who crashed on a nearby however is petroleum. mountain while seeking gold and diamonds. It was 20th Century prospectors who, in the steaming

Many International Harvester tractors and implements are in use at Turen. Here, three trac­ tors are engaged in disking, harrowing, planting work.

16 lowlands of Maracaibo, came across Venezuela's greatest underground asset — oil. Today, these deposits are estimated to comprise between 11 and 12 percent of the total world reserves. Venezuela is the second largest oil-producing nation on earth (the United States is first), and the world's leading oil exporter. To develop these petroleum resources, more than two and a half billion dollars have been invested in the country by foreign companies — most of them in the United States. The oil and iron ore booms, however, brought problems with them. These rapidly-expanding industries drew many workers off the farms, and — meanwhile — post-World War II immigration increased the nation's non-farm population appteciably. The result was that agricultural and livestock production was not keeping pace, and food output was far from satisfactory. The government immediately took steps to remedy this situation with the formation of the Instituto Agraria Nacional (National Agrarian Institute), with a capitalization of 35 mil­ lion dollars. The Institute was given the task of setting up At Maracay, students of the National experimental farm colonies to bolster the country's food and Agrarian Institute receive practical in­ livestock resources. struction in the operation and main­ • tenance of IH machines, implements. Selected for the site of the first such colony in November of 1949 was a 50,882-acre tract of jungle land in the State of The Turen farmers are growing rice, corn, beans, sesame, Portuguesa, 250 miles southwest of the modern capital of cotton, peanuts, tomatoes and fruit. The soil is so rich that Caracas. At the^ame time, the National Agrarian Institute two crops a year of corn, beans and sesame are being produced, established a program to bring in European families willing to and three crops a year now are being planned with the irriga­ join Venezuelan nationals in the venture. tion program almost finished. Agents of the Institute went to Europe to interview and All farmers coming to the Turen colony — whether select farm families best qualified to aid such an ambitious foreigners or Venezuelan nationals — are provided with homes, program. Soon 400 families a month began to add to the machinery and implements and livestock on a long-term credit population of the colony, which had been named Turen. basis. Many of the tractors, machines and implements are of Now, seven years later, the farming population of Turen, International Harvester manufacture, supplied by Intersan, perhaps the best known of the 21 farming centers created by S. A., the IH distributor, which has cooperated closely with the Agtatian Institute during that period, is greater than the farm program. 20,000 petsons. More than 90,000 acres are under cultivation. Also, much of the land clearing necessary before Turen Living and working on the land are people from almost could come into existence was done by International crawler every European country and from several South American tractors, with their matched, allied equipment. nations. Such International machines are also to be found at the What was once a wild region has been turned into a site of the newest farming center under development in Tachira modern village with its own landing field, shopping center, State, where 600 farms will be located on 50,000 acres in the schools, hospital, church and recreational facilities. Venezuelan Andes. Turen and its companion farming centers are pointing the Four Farmall tractors ready to cultivate way toward a new agricultural future for Venezuela — a future one of the many rich Turen fields. that will match the country's continuing industrial and com­ (Photographs ay Hamilton Wright Org J mercial boom. • • •

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER HORIZO Publishtd by INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER EXPORT COMVI 180 NORTH MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO 1, ILL., U GEORGE SBLGRAT, Editor

PICTURE ON FRONT COVE An additional 120,000 kilo­ watts have been added to the generating capacity of the Victorian State Electricity Commission by the comple­ tion of '''Big Eildon" Dam — one of Australia's largest. Water is diverted from the reservoir to power station in center of photo. See Page 3. Aerial view of Durban beach looking south. Background: Unreclaimed area with water reaching up to the roadway.

OITUATED ON THE EASTERN SEABOARD of the Union of away. The Payloader is rapidly changing patches of danger­ ^ South Africa, Durban has the reputation of being one of ously swirling sea and loose sand into safe bathing areas. the friendliest cities in the world. It enjoys a sub-tropical The patches developed as a result of dredging work per­ climate and boasts of miles of sun-swept beaches back­ formed in the habor. The littoral current, which flows north­ grounded by a crest of evergreen hills. ward, constantly moving the sands up the coast, scouring one Durban's harbor is the most important in Aftica south stretch of beach and replacing from another, many times is of the equator, handling half the total tonnage of all the unable to carry the sand over the depression caused by dredging. Union's ports combined. It has been estimated that the littoral drift is robbed of The city is an important industrial municipality and, one million cubic yards of sand annually — sand that is among other things, is the headquartets of IH's local affiliate necessary to maintain the safety of the Durban beaches. company, International Harvester Company (S.A.) Pty. Ltd. Spring tides have been depositing the sand in the form To the average South African, however, Durban's main claim of huge dunes, sometimes as high as 20 feet. The Hough Pay- to fame is as a holiday resort. Every year, more than 200,000 loader has proved the ideal machine to level the dunes and vacationers from all parts of Africa come to Durban for their push back the sea. The Payloader works well in sand and fun and sun. requires few replacements. Faster than the sea, it is building A common sight on Durban's beaches nowadays is a the wide, flat beaches of old. The Payloader also has demon­ cream-colored Hough HMD Payloader. Equipped with high- strated its worth in the building of rock and rubble barriers flotation rubber tires, this versatile tractor is engaged in to combat the current, accurately dumping large rock loads reclaiming stretches of beach where the sand has been washed exactly where needed. • • •

While children play in the vicinity, Hough Payloader levels sand on beach area !• used by many Durban bathers.

18 V-190 truck tractor with plat­ form semi-trailer is loaded with help of Hough Payloader.

THE V-LINE MOTOR TRUCKS

iCKNowLEDGED AS THE WORLD'S most complete motor series — V-195, V-200, V-210 and V-220. The conventional -^1 truck line, the International family has been further six-wheel models are the VF-190 and VF-200, and cab-over- expanded with the addition of a new V-Line of International engine trucks bear the VCO-195, VCO-200 and VCO-220 heavy-duty trucks featuring three new engines — the first all- designations. truck designed V-8 engines. The new V-Line Internationals were designed and built The V-Line consists of nine series of rrucks in conventional specifically for today's heavy-duty trucking operations. In and cab-over-engine models, in four and six-wheel units. every respect, engines and chassis have been engineered to Gross vehicle weight ratings are from 24,000 pounds and give higher horsepower with increased efficiency for truck gross combination weights from 50,000 pounds. operators in the popular heavy-duty sizes. More than three Power is supplied by three International V-8 engines with million miles of the severest type of road testing and actual horsepower ratings of 206, 226 and 257. Built only for truck user operation preceded the introduction of the new units. use, the engines deliver high usable horsepower and torque The V-Line joins the well-known six-cylinder models of at safe, economical revolutions-per-minute, assuring maximum the International R- and S-Lines — ranging from pickup to engine efficiency in all normal driving ranges. extra-heavy-duty models — a line answering every trucking Four models are available in the four-wheel conventional requirement around the globe. • • •*

Left: New International VCO-200 cab-over-engine truck with tank body. Below: The VF-190 six-wheel truck equipped with dump body.

19 NEW INTERNATIONAL PAYHAULERS

IH's Construction Equipment Division, formerly engine and has a capacity of 24 tons (16 cubic known as the Industrial Power Division, has added yards). The Model 65 develops 250 horsepower to its already impressive line of equipment two with the same type engine, and has a capacity new units — the International Model 95 and of 18 tons (12 cubic yards). Model 65 Payhaulers, gigantic off-highway rear- The Payhaulers boast a higher top speed and dump motor trucks. greater horsepower-to-weight ratio than other The two Payhauler models are the result of similar makes. an extensive engineering and field program. Ten Payhauler bodies are of welded, reinforced experimental trucks were used over long periods steel, with oak fill to cushion shock loads and on many contracting, mine and quarry jobs, and meet all hauling needs. A quarry body is avail­ subjected to gruelling daily 24-hour testing at able with the Model 65 and 95. Two standard the IH proving grounds. International Harvester is bodies (heated or unheated) are also available confident that the Payhaulers are the finest off- for the 95. These bodies fit any job condition highway motor trucks being built today. or material. Developing 335 horsepower, the Model 95 Both Payhauler models have 125-gallon full- Payhauler is powered by a turbo-charged diesel day supply fuel tanks — largest in the industry.

D IN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA