Refugee questions 931

Development Strategy for the Third United Nations Develop- of the international community tore-examine their own activi- ment Decade, ties on behalf of children with a view to accelerating progress Having in mind the importance of the objectives of social towards the achievement of the goals and objectives of the In- and human development, including the well-being of chil- ternational Development Strategy for the Third United Nations dren, as an integral part of the development process set forth Development Decade and to co-operate fully with the United In the International Development Strategy for the Third Nations Children’s Fund; United Nations Development Decade, 6. Expresses ifs appreciation to all Governments that are Aware that the expanded activities of the United Nations contributing to the United Nations Children’s Fund and ap- Children’s Fund will require increased funds, as established peals, with a sense of urgency, to all Governments, especially by the Executive Board, those that are not contributing at a level commensurate with 1. Commends the policies and activities of the United their capacity, to increase their contributions, if possible on a Nations Children’s Fund; multiyear basis, so that the Fund may reach its income target 2. Endorses Economic and Social Council resolution of $350 million for 1982, as presented in the medium-term 1980/62; work plan approved by the Executive Board of the United 3. Fully appreciates the responsibilities of the United Nations Children’s Fund at its session held from 19 to 30 May Nations Children’s Fund and the broad range of activities on 1980. behalf of children to be undertaken by it In light of the still enor- mous unmet needs of children in the developing countries; Other documents 4. Urges the United Nations Children’s Fund, with the A/35/3/Rev.1. Report of Economic and Social Council for support of its national committees, to respond imaginatively year 1980, Chapter XXIX. and vigorously to its important responsibilities in the follow- A/35/5/Add.2. UNICEF. Financial report and audited finan- up activities of the International Year of the Child, in close co- cial statements for year ended 31 December 1979 and operation with the relevant organizations of the United report of Board of Auditors. Nations system and with the International community E/ICEF/INF/42. Checklist of documents issued in connexion generally; with session of Executive Board of UNICEF, Headquarters, 5. Appeals to Governments and the relevant organizations New York, 19-30 May.

Chapter XX Refugee questions

The world-wide population of refugees and dis- student refugees from Namibia and South Africa placed persons continued to grow during 1980 living in , , Swaziland and and the question of aid to refugees occupied (resolution 35/184) (see p. 238). several of the main bodies of the Organization during the year. Activities of the Office of the The number of refugees of concern to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Office of the United Nations High Commission- er for Refugees ( UNHCR) again rose, particularly lnternational protection in Africa and Western Asia, where material assis- During the year, the picture with regard to in- tance also increased substantially-largely be- ternational protection- the primary function of cause of growing numbers of refugees in the UNHCR- improved somewhat. There was no large- Horn of Africa and in Pakistan. scale refoulement, the forcible return of asylum- To assist refugees in Africa, the General As- seekers to a territory where there was reason to sembly decided to convene an international con- fear persecution-and States were generally liber- ference at the ministerial level to be held at al in their admission procedures. Geneva in (resolution 35/42) and, The number of parties to the 1951 Convention together with the Economic and Social Council, relating to the Status of Refugees, which estab- it adopted resolutions on the needs of refugees lished minimum rights for those who became and/or displaced persons in Djibouti, Ethiopia, refugees before 1 January 1951, rose from 77 to Somalia and the Sudan (resolutions 35/182, 81. The number of parties to the Convention’s 35/183, 35/180 and 35/181). 1967 Protocol, which extended coverage of the The Assembly also took action on refugee and Convention to new groups of refugees, increased displaced women and children (resolutions from 72 to 79. 35/135 and 35/187) and on international co- The High Commissioner continued to encour- operation to avert new flows of refugees (35/l24). age further accessions to these instruments, as Details of these matters can be found in the well as the adoption of national legislation affect- sections below. ing the status of refugees, and his efforts were In another action, the Assembly moved to aid greatly assisted by regional action. A joint work-. 932 Economic and social questions ing group of UNHCR and the Organization of Afri- past decade the number of refugees had grown can Unity (OAU) was established to follow up ques- to almost 5 million by the end of 1980. tions relating to protection of refugees in Africa, had 73,000 refugees—55,000 from other south- based on recommendations of the 1979 Confer- ern Africa countries and 18,000 from Zaire; ence on the Situation of Refugees in Africa, held at Uganda’s total of 113,000 came from Ethiopia Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania.1 Close re- (l,000), Rwanda (80,000) and Zaire (32,000); in lations were also maintained with the Council of the United Republic of Cameroon there were an Europe, the Organization of American States, the estimated 110,000 from Chad; the United Organization of the Islamic Conference and the Republic of Tanzania had 156,000 of various League of Arab States. origins; in Zaire it was estimated there were The Executive Committee of the Programme of 350,000 to 400,000, mainly of Angolan and UNHCR, in conclusions adopted at its thirty-first Ugandan origin; while in Zambia there were session, held at Geneva from 6 to 16 : some 36,000 from southern African States. stressed the fundamental principles of interna- Emergency relief provided by UNHCR included tional protection and the need for their scrupulous food, clothing, blankets, medicines, shelter, and observance; expressed serious concern that there local integration assistance such as community were still cases where the principle of non- development, education, supplementary feeding refoulement had been disregarded, and called on programmes, and legal and social counselling. States to ensure that it be taken into account in Aid was also provided to refugees in Botswana, treaties and national legislation; stressed that the , Kenya, Lesotho, , Swaziland essentially voluntary character of repatriation and . In other countries of Africa should always be respected; reiterated its condem- there remained over 250,000 refugees of concern nation of military attacks on refugee camps in to UNHCR. southern Africa and the need for protection and Expenditure for all programmes in Africa aid to the victims; and, after noting with grave con- during the year totalled some $170.9 million. cern continuing attacks on refugees and asylum- seekers, particularly in the South Sea, THE AMERICAS stressed that measures be taken by Governments During the year, the number of refugees in to prevent their recurrence. The Committee Latin America increased by some 65,000, to decided to request the High Commissioner to con- 175,000. New programmes had to be implement- vene an expert group to examine all aspects of ed for Salvadorian refugees, estimated at 80,000, temporary refuge within the framework of prob- and assistance to Nicaraguans continued. Elderly lems of large-scale influx. refugees of European origin also continued to be aided, as were Indo-Chinese refugees, who were Material assistance to refugees 1 provided with integration and family reunifica- In 1980, material assistance again increased tion programmes. Total expenditure for the substantially, totalling $497 million, of which Latin American countries reached $13.1 million. $282 million went to finance UNHCR'S general In addition to accepting refugees from other programmes of assistance and $215 million to countries, Canada and the United States re- special programmes. ceived further refugees and displaced persons from South-East Asia: Canada admitted 35,382 AFRICA and the United States 152,481. Obligations in In Africa the largest refugee problem contin- the two countries exceeded $487,000. ued in the Horn and the Sudan. A total of $67 million was spent in Djibouti, Ethiopia and ASIA AND WESTERN ASIA Somalia ($47.6 million under the general pro- Total UNHCR expenditure for Asia and West- gramme) and another $15.9 million in the Sudan ern Asia during 1980 again increased considera- ?general programme: $11 million). In Somalia, bly, amounting to $272.8 million, over $100 mil- where lack of natural resources made large-scale lion more than in 1979. aid indispensable, some 40 camps were opened The number of Afghan refugees in Pakistan to accommodate a Government-estimated 1.2 and other countries increased more than three- million Ethiopian refugees. A special programme fold-to 1.4 million in Pakistan alone, where of humanitarian assistance to displaced persons, UNHCR expenditures exceeded $69.3 million. begun in 1978 in Ethiopia and forming part of Indo-Chinese refugees continued to arrive in the. special programme of aid to the Horn of neighbouring countries but the relatively high Africa, had benefited some 300,000 people by rate of resettlement following the the end of 1980. Geneva Meeting on Refugees and Displaced There were also huge refugee problems in 1 other countries of the continent, where over the See Y.U.N., 1979, p. 916. Refugee questions 933

Persons in South-East Asia2 led to a net reduc- In Lebanon, the refugee population increased tion of remaining caseloads and resulted in an to 3,200, mainly because of the continuing arriv- improvement in camp conditions. New arrivals al of Ethiopians. A total of $219,000 was dis- in Hong Kong, Indonesia, , Malaysia, the bursed. Philippines and Singapore totalled 51,744, whereas 130,390 departed for resettlement. EUROPE Obligations for these countries amounted to For the third successive year the number of refu- over $66.7 million. gees in Europe increased-reaching 580,000— Vietnamese refugees in China increased to with naturalizations, voluntary repatriations and 263,000. Most U NHCR assistance measures were resettlement being offset by new arrivals. Some directed towards achieving self-sufficiency 30,000 Indo-Chinese refugees arrived in Europe, through local integration. Expenditure for aid and UNHCR co-operated with Government and came to over $11.8 million. voluntary agencies to assure appropriate pro- In Thailand, some $97.5 million was expended grammes facilitating their adaptation and integra- on a variety of programmes, and at the end of tion. Obligations for activities in Europe (exclud- 1980 there remained 261, 334 Indo-Chinese refu- ing Cyprus) came to $8 million. gees of concern to UNHCR; departures for resettle- The High Commissioner again co-ordinated ment in third countries totalled 126, 225. Sub- United Nations humanitarian assistance for stantial efforts were directed at alleviating the Cyprus and, with the continued co-operation of conditions of the 141, 100 Kampucheans accom- the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in modated near the Thai-Kampuchean border. Cyprus and the World Health Organization, Large numbers of Kampucheans were report- provided medical supplies and equipment and ed to be returning to their homeland and set- permanent shelter, and tended to the needs of tling in their native provinces: 115,000 from the young, handicapped and elderly. Total 1980 Viet Nam, 20,000 from the Lao People’s Demo- expenditures amounted to $15,240,223. (See cratic Republic, and 175,000 from Thailand also p. 458.) and its eastern frontier. This brought the number of returnees to approximately 310,000. Assistance to refugees in Africa An aid programme was launched by UNHCR to help them attain self-sufficiency as rapidly as International Conference on possible. Assistance to Refugees in Africa In the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, the On 24 July, the Economic and Social Council $5.1 million expended went mainly to assist the adopted resolution 1980/55, by which it took 10,700 refugees from Democratic Kampuchea note of a resolution adopted in June by the OAU and an estimated 9,000 returnees from holding Council of Ministers expressing deep concern centres in Thailand. over the ever-increasing number of refugees in It was estimated that 35,000 Kampucheans Africa and inviting consultations with organiza- were left in Viet Nam at the end of 1979 and tions, Governments and United Nations bodies $1,297,000 was obligated in 1980 for their reset- to assess the possibility of holding of a pledging tlement. Progress was made in implementing a conference for African refugees under United programme for orderly departure of Vietnamese Nations auspices. The Economic and Social from Viet Nam. and 4,706 departed for countries Council asked the Secretary-General, in co- of new residence; $927,177 was obligated for this operation with the United Nations High Com- programme. missioner for Refugees, to consult with the OAU More than $257,000 was committed by UNHCR Secretary-General on convening such a confer- to Australia and New Zealand, which accepted, ence. The United Nations Secretary-General respectively, 15,404 and 1,816 South-East Asian was further requested to arrange consultations refugees. with United Nations bodies for a publicity pro- In Western Asia-, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, gramme on the needs of the African refugees and Saudi Arabia, the Syrian Arab Republic and the report on progress to the General Assembly later United Arab Emirates- the refugee population in the year. The Council appealed meanwhile to was estimated at 150,000. An amount of Member States and United Nations bodies to $108,300 was obligated for assistance to refugees provide maximum aid to refugees in Africa as in Jordan, the Syrian Arab Republic and the well as to Governments of countries of asylum. United Arab Emirates. Local settlement aid Resolution 1980/55, sponsored by 20 powers provided refugees with basic needs. Beneficiaries (see DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES below), was intro- included Eastern Europeans in the Syrian Arab duced by and adopted without vote. Republic, Ethiopians in Jordan, and Ugandans and Zanzibaris in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. 2Ibid., p. 918. 934 Economic and social questions

Complying with the Council’s request, the governmental organizations to render maximum Secretary-General reported in November that he aid to that country. The Secretary-General was had met with the OAU Secretary-General on 27 asked to send an interagency mission to assess August and had also discussed the matter with the refugees’ needs and the High Commissioner the High Commissioner. During the consulta- was asked to report to the Council’s tions it was stressed that Africa not only har- session on steps taken. boured the largest refugee population of any Resolution 1980/11, sponsored by the Central region, but also that many of the countries of African Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, Dji- asylum were in the least developed category. It bouti, France, Indonesia, Jordan, Kenya, was felt that the level of international aid provid- Lesotho, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, , ed did not adequately reflect these considera- Morocco, Pakistan, Senegal, the Sudan, Swazi- tions, and that there should be an international land, the United Arab Emirates, the United conference to mobilize additional resources for Republic of Tanzania, and Zambia, was adopted African programmes. A task force composed of without vote, based on a sponsor-revised text. representatives of these three officials was set up On 16 July, the High Commissioner informed to organize the conference, with UNHCR provid- the Council that in 1977, at the time of the first ing the conference secretariat and taking the major influx of refugees into Djibouti, UNHCR lead in preparing and implementing the pro- had established an office there. The interagency gramme and in conducting a system-wide infor- mission sent to Djibouti from 5 to 11 June in re- mation campaign to publicize the African refu- sponse to Council resolution 1980/11, he said, gee situation. had noted that refugees totalled 40,000, 12 per On 25 November, the General Assembly cent of the population, half of whom had settled adopted resolution 35/42 by which it approved in the city of Djibouti while others were con- the Secretary-General’s report calling for a con- centrated outside the capital in camps at Dikhil ference. It requested that he co-operate closely and Ali Sabieh; all were living in substandard with the OAU Secretary-General and the High conditions. These, together with some 20,000 Commissioner to convene the conference at Djibouti nomads who would have to be relocated ministerial level at Geneva on 9 and 10 April in relief camps because of the loss of their live- 1981 and assist concerned African countries in stock as a result of the drought, had created a preparing documents and programmes for assis- burden the country could not carry. While tance. The Assembly also approved the measures UNHCR and other United Nations bodies had proposed for a concerted information programme been helping to provide emergency aid, more and publicity by United Nations bodies, ap- durable solutions needed to be found. According pealed for the utmost support for maximum to the Government, total assistance needs came assistance to the refugees and to the countries of to over $19 million, and an additional amount of asylum, and urged continued support for UNHCR some $8.6 million was requested for drought vic- and other co-operating United Nations pro- tims. The High Commissioner therefore envis- grammes on behalf of African refugees. aged an increase in the size of UNHCR’S 1980 pro- Resolution 35/42, adopted without vote, had gramme and was working out an adequate one been recommended by the Third (Social, Hu- for 1981. manitarian and Cultural) Committee, which had Also on 16 July, the Council, on an oral likewise approved the text on 14 November. proposal by the President, adopted without ob- Senegal introduced it on behalf of its sponsors, jection decision 1980/153 by which it took note the Member States belonging to the African of the High Commissioner’s statement. group at the United Nations, after they had On 21 July, in a statement to the Council, the revised their original draft. Under-Secretary-General for Special Political Questions and Co-ordinator of Special Economic Assistance to refugees in Djibouti Assistance Programmes said that the growing On 28 April 1980, the Economic and Social refugee problem in Djibouti, combined with a Council adopted resolution 1980/11, by which it serious drought, had created a grave situation; requested all States to respond generously and urgent aid was required not only for the refugees, expeditiously to an appeal by the High Commis- but for those in drought-stricken rural areas. sioner” to enable him to mobilize the maximum On 23 July, the Council took note of the international support to alleviate the sufferings Under-Secretary-General’s statement when it of the refugees in Djibouti and other countries in adopted resolution 1980/44, expressing appreci- the Horn of Africa. The Council invited him to ation for the Secretary-General’s action in dis- continue to intensify his humanitarian assistance patching the interagency mission. It invited the to refugees in Djibouti and requested him to co- operate with United Nations bodies and non- 3 Ibid., p. 916. Refugee questions 935

High Commissioner to continue his humanitar- Assistance required for refugees in camps ian aid, and asked him to ensure that adequate totalled $120.7 million; $20.5 million was assistance programmes were organized for the needed to develop the economic and social in- refugees and to monitor the situation, maintain- frastructure; and $135.8 was required for an ac- ing close contact with Member States and or- celerated three-year development programme. ganizations so as to mobilize needed assistance. On 28 April, the Council adopted resolution Resolution 1980/44, sponsored by Bangladesh, 1980/9 by which it endorsed the appeal of the Djibouti, Iraq, Jordan, Lesotho, Somalia and the Secretary-General, a 4 March appeal by the Sudan, was adopted without vote. High Commissioner for Refugees (see below), On 15 December, the General Assembly and appeals of the Food and Agriculture Organi- adopted resolution 35/182, by which it endorsed zation of the United Nations ( FAO) and the the mission’s report and recommendations, pre- United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) to pro- sented to the Assembly in a report by the vide food, medicines and other aid, as recom- Secretary-General in September; invited the mended by the interagency mission. The Council High Commissioner to continue humanitarian requested the Secretary-General to mobilize assistance to the refugees in Djibouti, and urgent humanitarian assistance for the refugees requested him to ensure that adequate assistance in Somalia on the basis of the mission’s report, programmes were organized and the necessary and, along with the High Commissioner, to aid mobilized. The Secretary-General was report to the Council later in 1980. requested to report on implementation to both The text of this resolution was sponsored by the Council and the Assembly in 1981. Democratic Kampuchea, Egypt, Indonesia, Resolution 35/182 was adopted without objec- Italy, Jordan, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, tion. On 19 November the Third Committee Malawi, Morocco, Nepal, Pakistan, Senegal, Sin- had unanimously approved the sponsor-revised gapore, Somalia, the Sudan, Thailand, the draft, introduced by Swaziland on behalf of 37 United Arab Emirates, the United Republic of States (see DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES below). Tanzania, and Zambia, revised by them and adopted without vote. Assistance to refugees in Somalia On 16 July, the High Commissioner, orally In a letter of 7 April 1980 to the President of reporting in accordance with resolution 1980/9, the Economic and Social Council, Somalia informed the Council that, for an estimated aver- stated that it was hosting more than 1.3 million age of 640,000 refugees in Somalia in 1980, assis- refugees and that, unless urgent humanitarian tance items to a value of $40.7 million would be assistance was forthcoming, starvation and death required in addition to 135,000 tonnes of food. faced hundreds of thousands of them. Somalia In January he had appointed a co-ordinator of expressed its appreciation for the Secretary- activities there, and on 4 March he had appealed General’s appeal contained in an 11 February for prompt donations. Currently, $22 million note verbale but added that, despite donations had been received. from a number of Governments, further aid was On 16 July, the Council, on an oral proposal required. Therefore, it requested that an item en- by its President, adopted without objection deci- titled “Assistance to the refugees in Somalia” be sion 1980/153 by which it took note of the High included in the Council’s agenda. Commissioner’s statement. At its April/May session, the Economic and The same day, Somalia informed the Council Social Council had before it a report by an inter- that, since the visit by the interagency mission, agency mission which had visited the country the situation in Somalia had assumed new magni- from 10 to 16 December 1979. The mission report- tude and gravity. It therefore suggested that a ed that Somalia, a least developed country, was follow-up mission review the position. faced with massive problems as a result of accept- On 24 July, the Council requested the Secre- ing refugees estimated at 1.2 million -one-quarter tary-General, in co-operation with the High of Somalia’s population. The mission concluded Commissioner, to consider dispatching a review that the Government’s estimate of a refugee-camp mission to Somalia to assess the current refugee population of 475,000 was broadly correct. New situation. It further requested that they submit entrants were arriving at a rate of over 1,000 daily an updated report for the General Assembly’s and it was unlikely they would return home for 1980 regular session and appealed for further aid some years. Since over 90 per cent of the refugees for the refugees. were women and children, and most of the men These actions, incorporated in resolution elderly or handicapped, projects aimed at self- 1980/53, were adopted without vote, as proposed sufficiency were difficult to carry out. Also, a pre- by Burundi, Djibouti, Iraq, Italy, Jordan, vailing drought necessitated massive food aid and Kuwait, Lesotho, Morocco, Nepal, Pakistan, threatened future agricultural prospects. Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Thailand, Trinidad 936 Economic and social questions and Tobago, the United Arab Emirates, the tion. On 19 November, the Third Committee United Republic of Tanzania, and Zambia. had unanimously approved the draft, introduced The text was orally amended by France and by Zaire and sponsored by 41 nations (see DOCU- the sponsors to take note of Somalia’s statement MENTARY REFERENCES below). and to replace a request to dispatch as a matter Before approval of the twice-revised text in of urgency the review mission with the request Committee, Senegal said that Ethiopia-which that such a mission be considered. had submitted separate amendments to the A note verbale of 13 June from Somalia, ad- 41-power text-and Somalia had accepted the dressed to the Secretary-General, transmitted following amendments by the African group of two resolutions adopted by the Eleventh Islamic States: two paragraphs were deleted, a preambu- Conference of Foreign Ministers (Islamabad, lar one recognizing that appeals to the interna- Pakistan, 17-22 May). By the first of these resolu- tional community for refugee aid in Somalia tions, on assistance to refugees in Somalia, the could best be promoted through an effective and Conference expressed appreciation to the concerted information programme by the United Government of Somalia for its efforts to accom- Nations system, and an operative one requesting modate a growing number of refugees on its terri- the Secretary-General, in co-operation with tory until they were able to return to their home- UNHCR, to ensure that the community was kept land. By the second, on foreign intervention in informed of the conditions and needs of refugees the Horn of Africa and continued aggression in Somalia on a continuing basis through such a against Somalia, the Conference denounced the programme, including the participation of continued presence of foreign troops in that UNICEF, FAO/World Food Programme (WFP) and country, decided to support Somalia to enable it other concerned agencies; a paragraph com- to withstand foreign aggression, and called on all mending the Somali Government for its humani- parties concerned with the Eritrean problem to tarian decision to receive refugees and provide seek a just solution. them with food, shelter, medicine and essential In a letter of 8 September to the Secretary- humanitarian services was replaced by one General, Ethiopia said the resolutions were total- taking note of the Government’s measures to ly misleading since they were conceived solely provide shelter, food and other services to the by Somalia. Ethiopia accused Somalia of subver- refugees in Somalia; and the phrase “in the areas sive and terrorist acts and of fabricating the where the refugees have been located” was de- claim that there were over 1 million refugees leted from two references to strengthening from Ethiopia in Somalia. Ethiopia added that the social and economic infrastructure of the some 500,000 Somalis had fled their country. country. On 15 , the General Assembly The Ethiopian amendments would also have: adopted resolution 35/180, by which it took note added a preambular paragraph referring to the of Somalia’s measures to provide services to the need to ensure that humanitarian aid was not di- refugees, commended the Secretary-General for verted for other purposes, and an operative one steps taken to promote international action to calling on all concerned to ensure that this was provide relief and noted with appreciation efforts carried out; added a preambular paragraph by the High Commissioner to provide humani- noting the immediate and ongoing need strictly tarian assistance, requesting them to continue to to monitor and verify all statistics relating to mobilize such aid. The Assembly endorsed the refugees in Somalia, and an operative one appeals of the Economic and Social Council, the requesting the Secretary-General in co-operation Secretary-General, the High Commissioner and with UNHCR to establish machinery to ensure the other United Nations bodies for increased aid to availability of correct and reliable statistics sub- UNHCR-sponsored refugee programmes, and mitted relating to such refugees as a basis on urged Member States, the United Nations De- which humanitarian aid could be calculated and velopment Programme, the World Bank, and in- assessed; and replaced the paragraph commend- tergovernmental and financial institutions to ing the Somali Government for its decision to re- help Somalia strengthen its infrastructure. The ceive the refugees and provide them with aid by Secretary-General was requested to dispatch a one commending the Secretary-General for his mission to Somalia to review comprehensively efforts in mobilizing international aid to Somalia. the refugee situation in the light of developments Speaking in the Committee, Ethiopia said since publication of the interagency mission’s that Somalia had indicated a high refugee popu- report and, in co-operation with the High Com- lation to obtain more aid, and questioned wheth- missioner, to have the mission’s report circulated er such aid was being used for political purposes promptly and submitted to the Council’s first to destroy those for whom it had been sought regular 1981 session. since food was going to the Somali armed forces. Resolution 35/180 was adopted without objec- Somalia maintained that the refugee situation Refugee questions 937 had been verified by governmental and inter- At its 1980 regular session, the General Assem- governmental agencies and visiting missions; bly had before it the report of the interagency the refugees had been driven from Ethiopia by mission that visited the Sudan from 12 to 22 that country’s repressive policies. June. The report stated that, while UNHCR and WFP had supplemented the Government’s efforts Situation of refugees in the Sudan to aid the half million refugees—who came from On 28 April, the Economic and Social Council Chad, Ethiopia, Uganda and Zaire—a substan- adopted resolution 1980/10, by which it called tial portion of their needs remained uncovered. attention to the urgent need for increased The report underlined the urgent need for finan- resources to care for the growing number of refu- cial and technical support for the Government’s gees in the Sudan and expressed appreciation to settlement plans for 98,000 refugees in 1980 and the Government for its efforts to accommodate for a further 100,000 during 1981-1982. There them on its territory. Noting the Sudan’s deci- was also a pressing need to strengthen infrastruc- sion to convene an international conference on ture and services in agriculture, education, the refugees at Khartoum on 20 June, the Coun- health and training. A total of $230 million in cil appealed to donor countries and international assistance was required for programmes pro- organizations and voluntary agencies to partici- posed by the Government. pate in the conference at high level. After ex- On 15 December, the General Assembly pressing appreciation to the High Commissioner adopted resolution 35/181, by which it com- for his work for the refugees, with support from mended the Secretary-General for sending the the international community, the Council interagency mission to the Sudan, endorsed its requested him, in co-operation with United report and recommendations, and requested him Nations bodies and non-governmental organiza- to circulate the report to Member States, interna- tions, to give maximum assistance to the Sudan- tional organizations and voluntary agencies and ese Government. The Council requested the to appeal to them, in close co-ordination with Secretary-General, in co-operation with UNHCR, the High Commissioner, for generous contribu- to send an interagency mission to the Sudan to tions to the refugees. It requested the Secretary- assess the amount of assistance for relief and set- General, in co-operation with the High Commis- tlement programmes for refugees and to report sioner, to send urgently follow-up missions to to the Council in 1981. the Sudan to carry out feasibility studies on The text of resolution 1980/10, sponsored by strengthening the Government’s capacity to Democratic Kampuchea, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethio- pursue cost-effective strategies and locate new pia, Indonesia, Italy, Kenya, Lesotho, the settlements as part of overall development. The Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Assembly appealed to Member States, UNHCR, or- Senegal, Somalia, the Sudan, the United Arab ganizations and agencies to give maximum assis- Emirates, the United Republic of Tanzania, and tance towards the Sudanese Government’s efforts Zambia, was revised by them and adopted with- to aid the refugees, and commended its initiative out vote. in drawing the attention of the international On 23 July, the Council adopted resolution community to their plight by convening the In- 1980/45, by which it noted with appreciation ar- ternational Conference. The Secretary-General rangements made by the Secretary-General to was requested to report in 1981 on the resolu- send an interagency mission to the Sudan soon tion’s implementation. and requested him to ensure that the mission’s Resolution 35/181 was adopted by the Assem- report was published without delay and submit- bly without objection. On 19 November, the ted for the General Assembly’s 1980 session. The Third Committee had unanimously approved Council again called on Member States and the draft, as revised and introduced by Indonesia United Nations organizations to render maxi- on behalf of its 47 sponsors (see DOCUMENTARY mum assistance to the Sudan in its efforts to aid REFERENCES below). the refugees, and commended it for convenening the International Conference on Refugees in the Assistance to displaced persons in Ethiopia Sudan (Khartoum, 20-22 June), drawing atten- On 16 April, the Economic and Social Council tion to the refugees’ plight. The Council also heard a statement by the Ethiopian Commission- decided to review the situation in 1981. er for Relief and Rehabilitation outlining diffi- Resolution 1980/45, sponsored by Australia, culties faced by his Government in its develop- Bangladesh, Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Iraq, ment efforts-drought, illiteracy, food shortages Jordan, Kuwait, Lesotho, Morocco, Nepal, and the need to resettle more than 1 million Somalia, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, the people in more fertile areas of Ethiopia. He United Arab Emirates and the United Republic added that, since more than half a million people of Tanzania, was adopted without vote. remained to be resettled—a problem being 938 Economic and social questions made more acute by additional war-displaced requested him, in consultation with UNHCR, to persons- his Government was appealing for appeal to the international community and to short-term emergency aid, noting that arrange- find ways to mobilize urgent humanitarian assis- ments were being made for an interagency mis- tance for those persons and for voluntary return- sion to further evaluate Ethiopia’s needs. ees to Ethiopia; and appealed to Member States, On 28 April, the Council adopted resolution United Nations bodies, other organizations and 1980/8, by which it appealed to all Member voluntary agencies to assist the Ethiopian States, voluntary agencies and other organiza- Government in its relief efforts. The Council tions to assist the Ethiopian Government in asked the Secretary-General to report at the As- providing relief and rehabilitation to displaced sembly’s 1980 regular session on the resolution’s persons in Ethiopia, and requested the Secretary- implementation. General, in co-operation with UNHCR, to send a The text of the resolution, sponsored in its multiagency mission to that country to assess the revised form by Algeria, Burundi, Ethiopia, extent of the problem and the magnitude of aid Kenya, Lesotho, , the Libyan Arab Jama- required and to mobilize humanitarian assis- hiriya, Mongolia, Nepal, the Sudan, Uganda, tance from the international community. The the United Republic of Tanzania, Viet Nam Secretary-General was requested to report to the and Zambia, was adopted without vote. Council and the Assembly later in the year. The Secretary-General’s report to the Assem- Resolution 1980/8, sponsored by , Ethio- bly transmitted the interagency mission’s report pia, , Kenya, Lesotho, the Libyan Arab describing Ethiopia’s economic and financial po- Jamahiriya, Malawi, the Sudan, Uganda, the sition and providing information on the assis- United Republic of Tanzania, Viet Nam and tance required for the relief and rehabilitation of Zambia, was adopted without vote. the displaced persons in Ethiopia. On 15 Decem- At its July session, the Council had before it ber the Assembly adopted resolution 35/183, by the report of the multiagency mission which had which it endorsed the Council’s appeal and that visited Ethiopia from 6 to 15 July. The report of the Secretary-General—contained in a note stated that, at Ethiopia’s request, the Office of verbale of 11 November—urging Governments the United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator and organizations to provide prompt and gener- had also sent a mission from 27 May to 7 June to ous aid to displaced persons. The Assembly evaluate the country’s immediate and long-term requested the Secretary-General to report on needs. Since the Ethiopian Government’s April progress to the Council and the Assembly again estimate, according to the multiagency mission, in 1981. The High Commisioner was also the number of displaced persons had increased requested to continue to mobilize humanitarian to between 2.1 million and 2.4 million-com- assistance for the relief and rehabilitation of pared to a total population of 6.8 million-over certified voluntary returnees. half of whom were in temporary shelters or Resolution 35/183 was adopted without objec- regularly came to Government feeding stations. tion. The Third Committee had unanimously ap- An estimated 812,000 tonnes of food-mainly ce- proved the 30-nation draft on 19 November, fol- reals-would be required over the coming three lowing its introduction by Zimbabwe on behalf and a half years, the period which, in the mis- Of 30 sponsors (See DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES sion’s opinion, was necessary before self- below). sustaining settlements could be envisaged. Assis- Before approval of the sponsor-revised text in tance required for long-term rehabilitation and Committee, Senegal said that Somalia—which development programmes was also outlined. had submitted separate amendments to the 30- Introducing the mission’s report to the Coun- nation text—and Ethiopia had accepted the fol- cil on 22 July, the United Nations Disaster lowing amendments by the African group of Relief Co-ordinator said that, in view of the States: rather than taking note of the Ethiopian background of extreme underdevelopment, any Commission’s statement, the Assembly ex- programme of assistance to displaced persons in pressed itself as having heard it; and the refer- Ethiopia would have to be in the nature of a com- ence to voluntary returnees for which the High prehensive development programme. Priority Commissioner was asked to continue mobilizing needs were identified in agriculture, industry, assistance were qualified by the addition of the power, food, water, training, health, housing, word “certified.” mining, transport and communications. The Somali amendments would have: added a On 24 July, the Council adopted resolution preambular paragraph referring to the need to 1980/54, by which it: took note of the mission’s ensure that humanitarian aid was not diverted report; commended the Secretary-General’s for other purposes, and an operative one calling action in arranging circulation of a comprehen- on all concerned to ensure that this was carried sive report on displaced persons in Ethiopia; out; added a preambular paragraph noting the Refugee questions 939 immediate and ongoing need strictly to monitor Kingdom would have replaced the Cuban addi- and verify all statistics submitted relating to dis- tion by referring to those who were “mainly vic- placed persons and returnees in Ethiopia, and an tims of situations of violations of human rights.” operative one requesting the Secretary-General, in co-operation with UNHCR, to establish machin- Refugee and displaced women ery to ensure the availability of correct and reliable The World Conference of the United Nations statistics relating to displaced persons and volun- Decade for Women: Equality, Development and tary and genuine returnees in Ethiopia, as a basis Peace, held at Copenhagen from 14 to 30 July on which such humanitarian aid as might prove 1980, adopted two resolutions on refugee and necesssary could be calculated and assessed. Fur- displaced women (see p. 896). By these resolu- ther Somali amendments would have: deleted the tions the Conference called for: attending to the reference to difficulties encountered by the Ethio- specific needs and safeguarding the interests of pian Government in providing for relief and reha- refugee and displaced women in such areas as bilitation of displaced persons in Ethiopia; added assistance, relief, health, education, employment, “genuine” to the reference to voluntary returnees; family planning, resettlement and family reunifi- and, added to the paragraph requesting UNHCR to cation, safe and honourable repatriation, and continue mobilizing humanitarian aid for the protection; bringing to justice those who abused relief of such returnees, “subsequent to the intro- women and children; ensuring that women and duction of appropriate and comprehensive UNHCR children were not the target of indiscriminate registration procedures in the affected areas and hostilities; and women’s participation in admin- bearing in mind the duty of UNHCR to ‘protect’ istration of refugee aid programmes. refugees and strictly to uphold the principle of On 11 December, the General Assembly ‘non-refoulement.’” Also, Somalia’s amendments adopted resolution 35/135 on refugee and dis- would have removed from a preambular para- placed women, by which it requested all States graph a phrase stating that the representative of to co-operate with UNHCR in protecting the well- the Secretary-General had asked for the assistance being of women and children in particular, and of the international community. called on all States and donors providing im- mediate relief to refugees and displaced persons Assistance to other refugees to endeavour to lessen the special vulnerability of women in these circumstances, by ensuring Refugee and displaced children access to emergency relief and to health pro- On 15 December, the Assembly adopted reso- grammes and their active participation in lution 35/187, by which it expressed gratitude to decision-making in refugee centres. The Assem- the High Commissioner for his assistance to refu- bly also called on those assisting in resettlement gee and displaced children and requested him to or repatriation to recognize the pivotal role of intensify his efforts, endeavouring to ensure that the mother in the family and in the provision of the cultural and family identity of the minors set- family welfare, to ensure women’s rights to physi- tled was preserved, and to associate all the spe- cal safety, and to facilitate their access to coun- cialized agencies in the action undertaken. This selling services and material aid. It urged the resolution was adopted without vote. The Third international community to provide urgent, ade- Committee had likewise approved the draft on 3 quate assistance to refugee women and develop- December, sponsored by France, the Federal ing countries of asylum, especially the least de- Republic of Germany, Greece, Panama, Sene- veloped among them. gal, Togo, Tunisia, the United Republic of The Assembly urged the High Commissioner Cameroon, and Zaire. to work with host Governments to encourage the Several oral amendments were withdrawn participation of women, including refugees, in before approval. A Cuban proposal would have the administration of refugee programmes. He added- to a preambular paragraph referring to was asked, in consultation with host countries, the disturbing situation of millions of refugee to determine the extent to which women were es- and displaced children, particularly those not pecially vulnerable in refugee situations, and to yet settled-a reference to those who were vic- formulate and implement remedial programmes, tims of such situations as those arising from apart- co-ordinating research and data collection and heid racial discrimination (Oman suggested that analysis with United Nations agencies and non- racial discrimination be preceded by “all forms governmental organizations. He was also asked of’), colonialism, foreign domination and occu- to ensure that the number of women on his staff pation, aggression and threats to national sover- was increased and that a high-level staff position eignty; Morocco would have included foreign was designated as co-ordinator for women’s military intervention against sovereign countries programmes. and the activities of mercenaries. The United Resolution 35/135 was adopted without vote. 940 Economic and social questions

The Third Committee on 6 November had turbed by the suffering of millions who fled or similarly approved the text, as sponsored by were forcibly expelled from their homelands and Australia, Austria, Colombia, the Dominican sought refuge in other countries, and reaffirmed Republic, Ecuador, Japan, Kenya, the Niger, the right of return of the refugees. Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, the Phil- By the operative part of the resolution the As- ippines, the Sudan, the United Republic of sembly strongly condemned all policies and prac- Cameroon, the United Republic of Tanzania, and tices of oppressive and racist regimes as well as Zimbabwe. The first draft was revised by the spon- aggression, alien domination and foreign ocupa- sors to incorporate amendments jointly proposed tion, which were primarily responsible for the by Burundi, Egypt, Nigeria, Somalia, the Sudan, massive flows of refugees and which resulted in Swaziland and the United Republic of Tanzania. human suffering. The Assembly invited, for a The amendments added the two paragraphs by 1981 report by the Secretary-General, comments which the Assembly urged assistance to refugee and suggestions on international co-operation to women and countries of asylum, and requested a avert new flows of refugees and to facilitate the report on implementation. return of those who wished to do so. The sponsors further orally revised their text Based on a draft introduced by Sierra Leone so as to refer in the first paragraph to the protec- on behalf of 27 States (see DOCUMENTARY tion of fundamental, rather than legal, rights REFERENCES below), this text was adopted as reso- under international law and national legislation. lution 35/124 by a recorded vote of 105 to 16, They did not accept a Syrian suggestion to refer with 14 abstentions; the Committee had ap- to displaced as well as refugee women in para- proved it on 5 December by a roll-call vote, graph 5 on the participation of women in the ad- requested by Singapore, of 93 to 15, with 9 ab- ministration of refugee aid programmes. stentions. In revising their original text, the sponsors in- International co-operation corporated amendments proposed by Jordan, on to avert new flows of refugees behalf of States members of the Arab group at By a letter of 24 to the the United Nations, and by Nigeria. Secretary-General, the Vice-Chancellor and Several amendments were then proposed to Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Federal the revised draft-two to insert new paragraphs Republic of Germany requested that an addi- as the first operative paragraph. The first of tional item entitled “International co-operation these- proposed by Algeria, Angola, Cuba, to avert new flows of refugees” be included in Democratic Yemen, Mozambique, Sao Tome the agenda of the General Assembly’s thirty-fifth and Principe, and Zimbabwe, revised to incorpo- (1980) session. rate oral subamendments by Angola and An annexed explanatory memorandum point- Democratic Yemen-would have added a para- ed out that the mass flight of refugees-estimat- graph to have the Assembly strongly condemn ed at between 10 million and 12 million people- the policies and practices of the racist regimes of had attained proportions unequalled in past South Afica and Israel and their allies which decades and was affecting an increasing number bore major responsibility for the flow of refugees, of Member States, especially developing coun- displaced persons, emigrants and suffering tries. While the international community had people of Namibian, South African and Palestin- done much to relieve the suffering, it could not ian origin. The second, proposed by Pakistan, eliminate the real causes of the movement of would have added a paragraph to have the refugees, which endangered the domestic order Assembly strongly condemn the policies and of the countries of asylum and jeopardized the practices of racism, zionism and all forms of re- stability of entire regions. It was therefore incum- pression including alien domination, military bent upon the United Nations to seek ways and occupations and foreign armed interventions means of avoiding new streams of refugees. which were mostly responsible for the massive Following discussion in the Special Political flows of refugees in various regions of the world. Committee, the Assembly, on 11 December, These two amendments were superseded by adopted a Committee-approved resolution by the text of a new first operative paragraph, pro- the preamble of which it expressed grave con- posed by Senegal and incorporating a Yugoslav cern over the increasing flows of refugees in oral subamendment, adopted by a roll-call vote, many parts of the world, and considered that requested by Singapore, of 90 to 16, with 10 massive flows of refugees might not only affect abstentions. By a roll-call vote, requested by the domestic order and stability of receiving Ethiopia, of 76 to 19, with 20 abstentions, the States but also jeopardize the stability of entire Committee had previously decided that Sene- regions and thus endanger international peace gal’s proposal constituted a subamendment to and security. It also stated that it was deeply dis- the seven-power amendment. Refugee questions 941

Somalia withdrew an amendment it had sub- it decided to transmit, without debate, the mitted, to have the Assembly establish, after its report of the United Nations High Commission- 1980 regular session in the light of Members’ er for Refugees to the General Assembly’s 1980 comments and observations, United Nations session. mechanisms to study the means of international On 25 November, the Assembly, having con- co-operation to avert new flows of refugees. sidered the UNHCR report, adopted resolutions Speaking in explanation of vote in Committee, 35/41 A and 35/41 B. said it had voted in favour of the resolu- By the first of these resolutions, the Assembly tion because of the issue’s importance and had recognized the High Commissioner’s leading re- borne in mind that it was primarily procedural; sponsibility in emergency refugee situations. It however, it considered that a number of prob- called on the international community to share lems in that area were within the exclusive the burden of assisting refugees and displaced competence of States, and reserved its position persons, and urged Governments to contribute until the issue had been thoroughly studied. generously to the UNHCR programme, which Yugoslavia stressed that governmental views would require an estimated $500 million in 1980 should be considered before the line of action to and possibly the same amount in 1981. Govern- be followed was decided upon. Israel had voted ments were also urged to facilitate UNHCR efforts affirmatively on the understanding that, when in international protection by observing the abnormal relations existed between States, such principle of asylum and non-refoulement, and to as a state of war, the alleged right of return of ex- support UNHCR efforts to promote durable solu- patriates must be viewed in an appropriate light. tions to the problems of refugees and displaced Kuwait said it had voted in favour on the un- persons whenever emergencies occurred. derstanding that the policies and practices of The Assembly stressed the importance of racist regimes referred to also covered zionism, maintaining relief efforts and resettlement and that the Secretary-General’s report should momentum for boat and land cases in South-East include comments and suggestions concerning Asia, urged all Governments to provide oppor- Palestinian refugees. India felt the report should tunities for durable solutions for those refugees, also cover peaceful population outflows. and urged UNHCR to explore further arrange- Botswana, though voting in favour, expressed ments to facilitate prompt and unhindered dis- doubt whether the massive flows of refugees embarkation of refugees rescued at sea and their referred to in the preambular part of the resolu- resettlement. It also expressed appreciation for tion could in themselves, endanger international the High Commissioner’s role in repatriating peace and security; it felt the danger lay in their and co-ordinating aid to Zimbabwean refugees. actual causes. Botswana added that it interpreted The Assembly welcomed steps taken to imple- the text in the sense of Charter articles concern- ment recommendations of the 1979 Arusha Con- ing non-interference in internal affairs-a princi- ference,” urged utmost support for the Interna- ple to which it was strongly committed. Luxem- tional Conference on Assistance to Refugees in bourg stated that, together with other members Africa (see p. 933) and recommended that of the European Economic Community, it had UNHCR substantially increase aid programmes for voted in favour; the approved text would facili- Africa. tate international co-operation in preventing By resolution 35/41 B, the Assembly author- refugee outflows. ized the High Commissioner to allocate from the Mozambique said its negative vote was not be- UNHCR Emergency Fund up to $10 million annu- cause of lack of interest in the fate of refugees, ally for refugees and displaced persons in since it had accepted thousands, but because it emergency situations for which there was no pro- could not understand why it had been decided, vision in approved programmes, it being under- by rejecting its amendment, to spare the South stood that the amount available for any one African régime which was responsible for the emergency should not exceed $4 million in any refugee flow. one year and that the Fund was maintained at The United Republic of Tanzania also point- not less than $44 million. The Assembly also ed out that it had accepted substantial numbers noted a recommendation of the UNHCR Executive of refugees but had felt obliged to abstain in Committee that the Secretary-General and the view of the political turn taken by the debate; it High Commissioner formulate recommendations was dangerous to try to categorize refugees. for allocation of financial responsibility for UNHCR’S administrative costs between its volun- Report of the High Commissioner tary funds and the United Nations regular On 24 July, on an oral proposal by its Presi- budget. dent, the Economic and Social Council adopted without objection decision 1980/163, by which 4 See footnote 1. 942 Economic and social questions

Resolutions 35/41 A and 35/41 B were adopt- humanitarian problems relating to persons who ed jointly, without vote. The Third Committee had left or were trying to leave Cuba. Repre- had likewise approved the texts on 14 Novem- sentatives of Australia, Belgium, Canada, ber; they were introduced by Finland on behalf Colombia, Costa Rica, Chile, the Dominican of 25 sponsors (see DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES Republic, Ecuador, France, the Federal Repub- below). lic of Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Peru, The sponsors made some drafting changes to Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the their original draft and reworded several para- United States, Uruguay and Venezuela had at- graphs: originally paragraph 2 would have had tended. Based on the discussions, Costa Rica the Assembly welcome efforts by the High requested the Secretary-General, or other Commissioner to adapt the management of his competent organizations, to provide their good services to the vastly increased tasks and en- offices in order to conclude safe and orderly couraged him to continue those efforts in close departure arrangements between Cuba and contact with the Executive Committee; by para- other interested countries, and to take other graph 6, it would have welcomed steps taken to measures to facilitate a humanitarian resolution implement the Arusha Conference recommen- of the problem. dations, urged States to provide the utmost sup- In a statement issued in reply two days later, port for the projected international conference Cuba said it was following a migration policy in on aid to refugees in Africa, and recommended conformity with its legal and constitutional that the High Commissioner consider increasing order, whereby anyone who so wished could substantially the assistance programmes allocat- leave the country; the migration had not been ed to Africa. Rather than welcoming his readi- given impetus by Cuba’s policy, but resulted ness as in the original draft, the Assembly in from the poverty brought about by the colonial- paragraph 10 took note of his efforts to contrib- ist and imperialist exploitation of the third ute towards improving co-ordination and effec- world and the existing unjust international tiveness of action to provide international economic order. humanitarian assistance “to refugees and dis- On 5 November, Viet Nam forwarded a placed persons of concern to his Office,” rather report on Indochinese refugees in which it than humanitarian aid “in situations of man- denied that it was forcing Vietnamese to leave made disasters.” their homeland and announced drastic measures Speaking in Committee after approval of the against those departing illegally. According to text, Morocco said it would have abstained had Viet Nam such departures had increased owing the resolution been put to a vote, since the to strict United States immigration policies. Of amendments did not improve the text; it had dif- 32,000 applicants authorized to leave only about ficulty in understanding what was meant by the 1,000 had been accepted by the United States, request in paragraph 2 that the High Commis- Viet Nam said. Vietnamese were therefore sioner should continue his efforts within the opting for illegal departure since, provided they framework of comprehensive action. The USSR survived several days of sea voyage, they were said it considered that the financing of the inter- immediately accepted as refugees in the United national conference should not entail any addi- States, the report added. tional expenses under the United Nations regu- Other communications, submitted to the lar budget. Secretary-General in 1979 and 1980 in connex- ion with the report of the Office of the United Communications Nations High Commissioner for Refugees or the In a letter of 16 to the Secretary- agenda item on international co-operation to General, the President of the United States out- avert new flows of refugees, concerned refugees lined his country’s immigration policy towards in South-East Asia (see subchapter commencing Cuban citizens- tens of thousands of whom, he on p. 335). said, were fleeing Cuba under chaotic and peri- lous conditions-and others, including criminals Contributions and pledges who had not completed their sentences, who The Ad Hoc Committee of the General Assem- were being ejected. bly for the Announcement of Voluntary Contri- On 22 July, in a letter to the President of the butions to the Programme of the United Nations Economic and Social Council, the United States High Commissioner for Refugees met on 14 requested, on behalf of his country and Costa at United Nations Headquarters Rica, circulation of a note and communiqué to hear States announce pledges for 1981. Contri- issued by the Minister for Foreign Affairs a.i. of butions paid or pledged to the UNHCR assistance Costa Rica at the conclusion of the second meet- programmes for 1980, and for 1981 as at 31 ing, held in San José on 8 May, concerning , are listed below. Refugee questions 943

CONTRIBUTIONS PAID OR PLEDGED TO UNHCR ASSISTANCE PROGRAMMES FOR 1980 AND 1981 (in US dollars)

1980 1981 1980 1981 (as at 31 De- (as at 31 March (as at 31 De- (as at 31 March Country cember 1980) 1981) Country cember 1980) 1981) Algeria 26,620 40,000 Morocco 20,120 10,000 Argentina 50,000 50,000 Netherlands 11,428,762 4,858,491 Australia 10,937,302 6,242,500 New Zealand 352,792 - Austria 301,320 100,000 Nigeria 109,481 - Bahamas 2,000 - Norway 10,156,898 4,629,630 Bangladesh 3,168 - Oman 16,000 6,000 Barbados 1,000 - Pakistan 352,505 - Belgium 2,198,593 1,120,123 Panama 500 - Botswana 14,002 - Peru 2,568 - Brazil 30,000 15,000 Philippines 14,500 Burundi 1,675 - 7,500 15,000 Canada 5,719,700 3,715,043a Qatar 10,000 10,000 Chile 30,000 20,000 Republic of Korea 505,000 10,000 China 1,000,000 967,000 Saudi Arabia 8,000 1,010,000 Colombia 23,721 Senegal 5,000 3,000 Cyprus 5,943 4,420 Singapore 15,000 - Denmark 8,597,009 5,725,137 Solomon Islands 10,000 - Djibouti 2,000 2,000 Somalia 2,000 Dominica 1,000 - Spain - 80,000 Egypt 8,571 - Sudan 7,000 6,000 Finland 1,446,127 615,168 Swaziland 1,852 France 919,312 803,736 Swede” 19,171,591 11,633,675 Gabon 3,730 Switzerland 3,795,035 1,581,123 Germany. Federal Republic of 19,546,516 1,281,574 Syrian Arab Republic 1,000 Ghana 20,000 20,000 Thailand 10,000 10,000 Greece 75,000 70,000 Togo 11,488 - 391 - Trinidad and Tobago 2,073 2,073 Holy See 2,500 2,500 Tunisia 3,450 3,970 1,000 1,000 Turkey 2,364 - Iceland 52,000 22,900 Uganda 500,709 - India 12,987 - United Arab Emirates 1,050,000 - Indonesia 18,000 4,000 United Kingdom 17,770,600 13,409,212 Iraq 112,018 United Republic of Cameroon 3,363 - Ireland 261,171 United Republic of Tanzania 4,914 - Israel 15,000 United States 123,453,022 75,763,000 Italy 5,909,804 3,030,303 Uruguay 2,000 - Ivory Coast 4,258 - Venezuela 20,000 20,093 Japan 64,533,821 - Viet Nam 2,491 1,000 Jordan 1,000 - Yugoslavia 55,000 Kuwait 206,667 40,000 Zambia 7,344 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 4,372 6,000 Subtotal 195,259,137 137,216,280 Lebanon 20,000 10,000 Lesotho 2,000 Other contributors Liberia 5,000 - Libya” Arab Jamahiriya 50,000 50,000 Association of South East Liechtenstein 36,746 10,417 Asian Nations Standing Luxembourg 27,867 114,179 Committee 20,000 Madagascar - 2,193 European Economic Malawi 361 300 Community 82,734,673 9,694,355 Malaysia 6,500 1,500 UNESCO 150,407 60,660 Malta 1,209 - United Nations Trust Fund Mauritius 1,485 - for South Africa 250,000 Mexico 20,000 50,000 Monaco 729 1,020 Total 394,302,197 149,433,028b

alncludes $12,712 pledged by the Provincial Government of Quebec. b Includes $2,461,733 pledged by non-governmental sources.

Documentary references, voting details and texts of resolutions

Activities of the Office of the A/35/12/Add.1. Addendum to report of UNHCR (report of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 31st session of Executive Committee of High Commis- A/35/12. Report of UNHCR (1 -31 ), sioner’s Programme, Geneva, 6-16 October). Chapters Chapters I-VII (also issued as E/1980/79 and Corr.1). Ill and V. 944 Economic and social questions

Assistance to refugees in Africa A/35/3/Rev.1. Report of Economic and Social Council, Chap- ter II. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON A/35/606. Report of Secretary-General. ASSISTANCE TO REFUGEES IN AFRICA A/C.3/35/L.51 and Rev.1. Senegal (on behalf of Member States of African group at United Nations): draft resolution Economic and Social Council- 2nd regular session, 1980 and revision, approved without vote by Third Committee on Plenary meetings 43, 44. 14 November, meeting 57. A/C.3/35/L.56. A/C.5/35/55 and Corr.1, A/35/7/Add.12, A/35/463 and Corr.1. Letter of 16 September from Sierra A/35/656. Administrative and financial implications of Leone (transmitting declarations and resolutions of 35th draft resolution II recommended by Third Committee in ordinary session of Council of Ministers, 18-28 June; and A/35/650 and Corr.1. Statements by Secretary-General resolutions and decision of 17th ordinary session of As- and reports of ACABQ and Fifth Committee. sembly of Heads of State and Government of OAU, 1-4 A/35/650 and Corr.1. Report of Third Committee, draft reso- July, Freetown). Annex I (resolution CM/Res.814(XXXV)). lution II. E/1980/L.54. Australia, Belgium, Burundi, Denmark, Dji- bouti, France, Ghana, Lesotho, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Resolution 35/42. as recommended by Third Committee, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Uganda, United Repub- A/35/650 and Corr.1, adopted without vote by Assembly lic of Cameroon, United Republic of Tanzania, Zaire, on 25 November 1980, meeting 73. Zambia: draft resolution. The General Assembly, Resolution 1980/55, as proposed by 20 powers, Recalling its resolution 34/61 of 29 , E/1980/L.54, and as orally revised by sponsors, adopted Taking note of resolution CM/Res.814(XXXV) concerning without vote by Council on 24 July 1980, meeting 44. the situation of refugees in Africa, adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity at its thirty-fifth The Economic and Social Council, ordinary session, held at Freetown from 18 to 28 , Haying considered resolution CM/Res.814(XXXV) adopted Having heard the statements of the Secretary-General of by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African the United Nations, the Secretary-General of the Organization Unity at its thirty-fifth ordinary session, held at Freetown, of African Unity and the United Nations High Commissioner Sierra Leone, from 18 to 28 June 1980, by which it expressed for Refugees on the serious situation of refugees in Africa, its deep concern over the ever-increasing number of refugees Grave/y concerned at the growing number of refugees on in Africa and the alarming deterioration of their living the African continent, who now constitute over half the popu- conditions, lation of refugees in the world, Aware that the serious situation arising from the growing Aware of the consequent social and economic burden number of refugees, currently estimated at five million, placed on African countries of asylum as a result of the in- places a heavy social and economic burden on the host coun- creased influx of refugees and the subsequent impact on tries which provide the refugees with asylum or relief, their development, Conscious of the need for greater attention to be paid by Bearing in mind the heavy sacrifices that the countries of the international community to the plight of refugees in Africa asylum are making, despite their limited resources, to allevi- and, for that purpose, the need for the intensified dissemina- ate the plight of those refugees, tion of information on the problem, Appreciating the contributions made by donor countries Appreciating the assistance given so far by the internation- as well as the assistance that the United Nations High Com- al community to refugees in Africa, missioner for Refugees, the United Nations Children’s Fund, Noting. however, that the amount of assistance received the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, falls far short of the overall requirements to meet the needs of the World Food Programme and other intergovernmental the refugees, and non-governmental agencies have provided to refugees 1. Takes note of resolution CM/Res. 814(XXXV) of the in Africa, Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity, in Noting with deep regret the inadequacy of the assistance particular paragraph 8 thereof, relating to the need for an in- provided to the growing number of African refugees, ternational pledging conference for refugees in Africa; Recognizing the universal collective responsibility to share 2. Requests the Secretary-General, in co-operation with the urgent and overwhelming burden of the problem of African the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, to consult refugees through effective mobilization of resources to meet the Secretary-General of the Organization of African Unity on the urgent and long-term needs of the refugees and to appropriate ways and means of convening such a conference; strengthen the capacity of countries of asylum to provide ade- 3. Further requests the Secretary-General of the United quately for the refugees while they remain in their countries, Nations to arrange for consultation with the competent United as well as to assist the countries of origin in the rehabilitation Nations agencies and bodies for the purpose of preparing an of genuine voluntary returnees, adequate publicity programme giving special attention to the Taking note of Economic and Social Council resolution conditions and needs of refugees in Africa; 1980/55 of 24 July 1980 in which the Council requested the 4. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Gener- Secretary-General, in co-operation with the United Nations al Assembly at its thirty-fifth session on the progress of his High Commissioner for Refugees, to consult the Secretary- consultations; General of the Organization of African Unity on appropriate 5. Appeals, meanwhile, to all Member States and ap- ways and means of convening an international pledging con- propriate United Nations organizations and programmes to ference for refugees in Africa, provide the maximum financial and material assistance to Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on refugees in Africa, as well as to the Governments of the coun- his consultations with the Secretary-General of the Organiza- tries of asylum, in order that the latter may strengthen their tion of African Unity and the United Nations High Commis- capacity to act as hosts to the refugees and to provide the sioner for Refugees concerning the organization of an interna- necessary services for their care, rehabilitation and resettle- tional conference on assistance to refugees in Africa. ment. 1. Notes with profound regret that the international com- munity has not given sufficient attention to the plight of refu- General Assembly- 35th session gees in Africa; Third Committee, meetings 51-57. 2. Requests, consequently, the international community Fifth Committee, meeting 34. to contribute substantially to programmes designed to help Plenary meeting 73. those refugees; Refugee questions 945

3. Approves the report of the Secretary-General calling Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Com- for an international conference to mobilize assistance for missioner for Refugees to the High Commissioner, in the refugees in Africa, as well as the measures proposed for a report on its thirtieth session, to continue to intensify assis- concerted programme of information and publicity by the rele- tance to the refugees in Djibouti and other countries in the vant bodies of the United Nations system in support of the region, conference; Noting with appreciation the assistance thus far provided 4. Requests the Secretary-General, in close co-operation to the refugees and the proposed programme for Djibouti, with the Secretary-General of the Organization of African Noting a/so that the substantially increased number of refu- Unity and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refu- gees in Djibouti has over-taxed the Government’s effort to im- gees, to convene at Geneva on 9 and 10 April 1981, at the prove social and public services in the country and placed a ministerial level, an International Conference on Assistance heavy burden on the meagre resources available there, to Refugees in Africa: Deeply concerned at the gravity of the food shortage in the 5. further requests the Secretary-General in the process region, which has been aggravated by the recent severe of preparing for the Conference, and in close co-operation drought that has affected most of the region, devastating the with the Secretary-General of the Organization of African life-supporting elements, killing great numbers of livestock Unity and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refu- and causing considerable loss of human life through starva- gees, to assist the concerned African countries in identifying tion, thirst and disease, priorities and preparing necessary documents and pro- Aware of the determined efforts made by the Government of grammes for assistance to African refugees; Djibouti, since it attained independence, to cope with the 6. Authorizes the Secretary-General to meet the expenses refugee situation, as well as the recent severe drought, for organization of the Conference under the regular budget through a national self-reliance campaign designed to pro- of the United Nations; vide the refugees with protection, shelter and assistance, 7. Appeals to the international community, all Member Noting with appreciation the concern and continued efforts States, the specialized agencies, regional and intergovern- of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for mental organizations and non-governmental organizations to Refugees, the United Nations Development Programme, the provide the utmost support for the Conference with a view to United Nations Children’s Fund, the World Health Organiza- offering maximum financial and material assistance to refu- tion, the Economic Commission for Africa and such non- gees in Africa; governmental organizations as Médecins sans frontières and 8. Further appeals to the international community to pro- Volontaires du progrès, which have worked closely with the vide all necessary assistance to the countries of asylum to Government of Djibouti in the relief and rehabilitation pro- enable them to strengthen their capacity to provide the gramme for the refugees and the drought-stricken population necessary facilities and services essential to the care and of the country, well-being of the refugees and to assist the countries of origin Realizing that the assistance thus far received falls far in the rehabilitation of genuine voluntary returnees; short of the existing needs and requirements of coping with 9. Urges the international community to continue to sup- the refugee situation and that an urgent programme to include port the annual programmes of the United Nations High Com- the drought-stricken population of the country is required, missioner for Refugees and of other United Nations agencies Recognizing the plight of the refugees and the formidable co-operating with the High Commissioner on behalf of refu- burden imposed on the limited resources of the Government gees In Africa; of Djibouti, 10. Requests the High Commissioner, in close co- 1. Requests all States to respond generously and expedi- operation with the Secretary-General of the Organization of tiously to the appeal of the United Nations High Commissioner African Unity, to keep under constant review the situation of for Refugees to enable him to mobilize the maximum interna- refugees in Africa in order to ensure maximum international tional support in order to alleviate the sufferings of the refu- assistance on a global basis; gees in Djibouti and other countries in the Horn of Africa; 11. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the 2. further requests the United Nations High Commission- Economic and Social Council at its first regular session of er for Refugees to co-operate with the Administrator of the 1981 and to the General Assembly at its thirty-sixth session United Nations Development Programme, the World Food Pro- on the implementation of the present resolution. gramme, the United Nations Children’s Fund, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World ASSISTANCE TO REFUGEES IN DJIBOUTI Health Organization and other specialized agencies, as well as non-governmental organizations, to render the maximum Economic and Social Council— 1st regular session, 1980 possible assistance to the Government of Djibouti; Plenary meetings 11, 13, 14. 3. Invites the United Nations High Commissioner for Refu- gees to continue to intensify his humanitarian assistance to E/1980/L.25. Central African Republic, Jordan, Lesotho, the refugees in Djibouti; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. Malawi, Morocco, Pakistan, Sene- 4. Requests the Secretary-General to send a United gal, Sudan, Swaziland, United Arab Emirates, United Nations interagency mission to Djibouti to assess the needs Republic of Tanzania, Zambia: draft resolution. of the refugees; E/1980/L.25/Rev.1. Revised draft resolution sponsored by 5. Requests the United Nations High Commissioner for above 13 powers and by Democratic Kampuchea, Djibouti, Refugees to report to the Economic and Social Council at its France, Indonesia and Kenya. second regular session of 1980 on the steps taken to alleviate E/1980/L.31, Programme budget implications of 18-power the present refugee situation in Djibouti. revised draft resolution, E/1980/L.25/Rev.1. Statement by Secretary-General. Economic and Social Council- 2nd regular session, 1980 Plenary meetings 38, 40, 43. Resolution 1980/11, as proposed by 18 powers, E/1980/L.25/Rev.1. adopted without vote by Council on Decision 1980/153. by which the Council took note of the 28 April 1980, meeting 14. statement by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, made in response to Council resolutions 1980/9 The Economic and Social Council, and 1980/11, as orally proposed by Council President, Taking note of the appeal of the United Nations High Com- adopted without objection by Council on 18 July 1980, missioner for Refugees with respect to humanitarian assis- meeting 38. tance to Djibouti and other countries in the Horn of Africa, Taking note also of the request made by the Executive E/1980/79 and Corr.1. Report of UNHCR (covering period 946 Economic and social questions

1 April 1979-31 March 1980), Chapter II B 2 (also issued Economic and Social Council report pertaining to questions as A/35/12). of assistance to refugees), draft resolution Ill. E/1980/L.52. Bangladesh, Djibouti, Iraq, Jordan, Lesotho, Somalia, Sudan: draft resolution. Resolution 35/182. as recommended by Third Committee, A/35/714, adopted without objection by Assembly on 15 Resolution 1980/44. as proposed by 7 powers, E/1980/ December 1980, meeting 96. L.52, and as orally revised by sponsors, adopted without vote by Council on 23 July 1980, meeting 43. The General Assembly, Having heard the statement of the United Nations High The Economic and Social Council, Commissioner for Refugees, Having heard the statements by the Under-Secretary- Taking note with satisfaction of the report of the Secretary- General for Special Political Questions and Co-ordinator of General, the annex to which contains the report on the as- Special Economic Assistance Programmes, and the United sessment of the needs of the refugees in Djibouti, as prepared Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and noting with ap- by the interagency mission which visited Djibouti from 5 to 11 preciation the assessment of the needs of the refugees in Dji- June 1980. bouti contained therein, Noting with satisfaction the oral report of the High Commis- Noting the report of the United Nations High Commissioner sioner with respect to assistance to the refugees in Djibouti, for Refugees with respect to assistance to the refugees in Recalling Economic and Social Council resolutions Djibouti, 1980/11 of 28 April 1980 and 1980/44 of 23 July 1980 on Recalling Council resolution 1980/11 of 28 April 1980 on assistance to the refugees in Djibouti, assistance to the refugees in Djibouti, Aware of the consequences of the social and economic Noting with appreciation the concern and the continued ef- burden placed on the Government and people of Djibouti as a forts of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner result of the influx of refugees and the subsequent impact on for Refugees, the United Nations Development Programme, the national development and infrastructure of that country, the United Nations Children’s Fund, the World Health Organi- Noting with appreciation the concern and continued ef- zation, the World Food Programme and non-governmental or- forts of the Office of the High Commissioner, the United ganizations, which have worked closely with the Government Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Chil- of Djibouti on the relief and rehabilitation programme for the dren’s Fund, the World Health Organization. the World Food refugees in that country, Programme and the non-governmental organizations which 1. Appreciates the action taken by the Secretary-General have worked closely with the Government of Djibouti on the in arranging and dispatching the United Nations interagency relief and rehabilitation programme for the refugees in that mission to Djibouti to assess the needs of the refugees: country, 2. Takes note with appreciation of the oral report on the 1. Appreciates the action taken by the Secretary-General assessment of the needs of the refugees in Djibouti, con- in arranging and dispatching the interagency mission to Dji- tained in the statement by the Under-Secretary-General for bouti to assess the needs of the refugees; Special Political Questions and Co-ordinator of Special 2. Takes note with appreciation of the oral report of the Economic Assistance Programmes; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and of the 3. Invites the United Nations High Commissioner for Refu- assessment of the needs of the refugees in Djibouti contained gees to continue his humanitarian assistance to the refugees in the report prepared by the mission; in Djibouti; 3. Endorses the report of the mission to Djibouti and the 4. Requests the United Nations High Commissioner for recommendations contained therein; Refugees to continue to ensure that adequate assistance 4. lnvites the High Commissioner to continue his humani- programmes are organized for the refugees, to keep the refu- tarian assistance to the refugees in Djibouti; gee situation in Djibouti under constant review and to main- 5. Requests the High Commissioner to continue to ensure tain close contact with Member States and governmental that adequate assistance programmes are organized for the and non-governmental organizations concerned, so as to refugees, to keep the refugee situation in Djibouti under con- mobilize the necessary assistance for the Government of Dji- stant review and to maintain close contact with Member bouti to enable it to cope effectively with the refugee States and the governmental and non-governmental organiza- situation; tions concerned to mobilize the necessary assistance to the 5. Decides to keep the matter under constant review and Government of Djibouti to cope effectively with the refugee to bring the present resolution to the attention of the General situation; Assembly at its thirty-fifth session for its consideration. 6. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Economic and Social Council at its first regular session in Genera/Assembly- 35th session 1981 and to the General Assembly at its thirty-sixth session Third Committee, meetings 51-56, 61, 62. on the implementation of the present resolution. Plenary meeting 96. ASSISTANCE TO REFUGEES IN SOMALIA A/35/3/Rev.1. Report of Economic and Social Council, Chap- ters II, XXI and XXXII. Economic and Social Council— 1st regular session, 1980 A/35/409. Report of Secretary-General. (Annex: Report of in- Plenary meetings 3-5, 11, 13, 14. teragency mission to Djibouti, 5-11 June.) A/C.3/35/L.48. Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, E/1980/43. Letter of 7 April from Somalia to President of Djibouti, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Italy. Kenya, Kuwait, Economic and Social Council (request for inclusion of sup- Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Morocco, Oman, plementary item, on assistance to refugees in Somalia, in Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, agenda of Council at its 1st regular session of 1980). Swaziland, Tunisia, United Republic of Tanzania: draft E/1980/44. Report of mission to Somalia, 10-16 December resolution. 1979. A/C.3/35/L.48/Rev.1. Revised draft resolution, sponsored E/1980/L.23. Democratic Kampuchea, Egypt, Italy. Jordan, by above 24 powers and by Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Malawi, Morocco, Nepal, Pakistan, Democratic Kampuchea, Indonesia. Libyan Arab Jamahir- Senegal, Singapore, Somalia, Sudan, Thailand, United iya, Mauritania, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, Viet Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia: draft Nam, Zaire, Zambia and Zimbabwe, approved unanimously resolution. by Third Committee on 19 November, meeting 62. E/1980/L.23/Rev.1. Revised draft resolution sponsored by A/35/714. Report of Third Committee (on chapters of above 17 powers and by Indonesia. Refugee questions 947

Resolution 1980/9 as proposed by 18 powers, E/1980/ E/l980/L.48 and Rev.1. Burundi, Djibouti, Iraq. Italy, Jordan, L.23/Rev.1, and as further orally revised by sponsors, Kuwait, Lesotho, Morocco, Nepal, Pakistan, Senegal, adopted without vote by Council on 28 April 1980, meet- Somalia, Sudan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, United ing 14. Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia: draft resolution and revision. The Economic and Social Council, Having heard with deep concern the statement made by the Resolution 1980/53, as proposed by 18 powers, E/1980/ Minister for Local Government of Somalia, who has special re- L.48/Rev.1, and as further orally amended by France and sponsibility for refugees, on the grave refugee situation in revised by sponsors, adopted without vote by Council on Somalia, 24 July 1980, meeting 44. Having considered the report of the United Nations inter- agency mission, which visited Somalia from 10 to 16 Decem- The Economic and Social Council, ber 1979 to study the refugee situation in that country and to Having heard the statement of the United Nations High draw up a programme of assistance to deal with the urgent Commissioner for Refugees to the Council at its second regu- humanitarian needs there, lar session of 1980. Taking note of the appeal of the Secretary-General in his Taking note of the statement by the observer for Somalia on note verbale of 11 , urging various Govern- the situation of refugees in Somalia, ments and international organizations to provide prompt and Recalling Council resolution 1980/9 of 28 April 1980, generous assistance to alleviate the sufferings of the refu- Expressing its appreciation to the United Nations High gees in Somalia, Commissioner for Refugees and his staff for the dedicated Further taking note of the statement made on 13 March and efficient manner in which they continue to work in sup- 1980 by the United Nations Deputy High Commissioner for port of refugees in Somalia, Refugees that the refugee problem in Somalia was the most Taking into account the fact that more than six months serious in the world as far as numbers were concerned, and have elapsed since the visit of the United Nations interagency the appeal by the Office of the United Nations High Commis- mission on the refugee situation in Somalia, sioner for Refugees, dated 4 March 1980, to all Governments Noting with concern the dramatic increase in the refugee to help the refugees, population in Somalia, Recognizing the heavy burden placed on the Government 1. Requests the Secretary-General, in co-operation with of Somalia in caring for the refugees and the need for interna- the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, to con- tional assistance to share that burden, sider the necessity of dispatching a review mission to Somalia Deep/y concerned because the response of the internatlon- to assess current developments in the refugee situation, as a al community falls far short of the needs of the refugees, as follow-up to the earlier report of the United Nations interagen- assessed in the report of the United Nations mission, cy mission; 1. Endorses the appeal of the Secretary-General of 11 2. further requests the Secretary-General and the United February 1980 as well as the appeal launched by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to submit an updat- Nations High Commissioner for Refugees on 4 March 1980 ed report on the current refugee situation in Somalia to the for urgent international assistance to help the Government of General Assembly at its thirty-fifth session; Somalia to provide the necessary care and attention to the 3. Appeals once again to all Member States and intergov- refugees; ernmental and non-governmental organizations and all volun- 2. Commends the action taken by the Secretary-General tary agencies to increase further their assistance to the in arranging for a comprehensive report on the needs of refu- Government of Somalia in its effort to provide relief and assis- gees in Somalia to be prepared and circulated to the interna- tance to refugees in Somalia. tional community; 3. Takes note of the report of the United Nations inter- agency mission to Somalia and the recommendations con- General Assembly— 35th session tained therein; Third Committee, meetings 51-57.61,62. 4. Further endorses the appeals launched by the Director- Plenary meeting 96. General of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and by the Executive Director of the United A/35/3/Rev.1. Report of Economic and Social Council, Chap- Nations Children’s Fund to provide food, medicines and other ters II and XXI. assistance for the refugees, as recommended by the United A/35/292. Note verbale of 13 June from Somalia (transmit- Nations mission; ting resolutions 20/11-P and 32/11-P adopted by 11th 5. Requests the Secretary-General and the United Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers, Islamabad. Paki- Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to report to the stan, 17-22 May). Economic and Social Council at its second regular session of A/35/441. Letter of 8 September from Ethiopia. 1980 on the situation of the refugees in Somalia and the A/C.3/35/L.45. Central African Republic, Comoros, Costa steps taken to implement the provisions of the present Rica, Djibouti, Egypt, Pakistan, Senegal, Somalia, Swazi- resolution; land, Tunisia: draft resolution. 6. Requests the Secretary-General to find ways and A/C.3/35/L.45/Rev.1. Revised draft resolution, sponsored means to mobilize urgently humanitarian assistance for the by above 10 powers and by Bahrain, Colombia, Democratic refugees on the basis of the report of the United Nations inter- Kampuchea, Honduras, Indonesia, Italy. Jordan, Kuwait, agency mission; Lebanon, Malaysia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Oman, 7. Decides to bring the contents of the present resolution Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, to the attention of the General Assembly for its consideration. Suriname and Zaire. A/C.3/35/L.45/Rev.2. Revised draft resolution, sponsored Economic and Social Council- 2nd regular session, 1980 by above 31 powers and by Bangladesh, Benin, Burundi, Plenary meetings 38, 42-44. Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mauritania, Panama, Sudan, United Arab Emirates and Zambia, as further orally amend- Decision 1980/153, by which the Council took note of the ed by Senegal (on behalf of African group at United Nations) statement by the United Nations High Commissioner for and revised by sponsors, approved unanimously by Third Refugees, made in response to Council resolutions 1980/9 Committee on 19 November, meeting 62. and 1980/11, as orally proposed by Council President, A/C.3/35/L.55. Ethiopia: amendments to 31-power revised adopted without objection by Council on 16 July 1980, draft resolution, A/C.3/35/L.45/Rev.1. meeting 38. A/C.3/35/L.62. Administrative and financial implications of 948 Economic and social questions

41-power revised draft resolution, A/C.3/35/L.45/Rev.2. missioner, the United Nations Children’s Fund and the World Statement by Secretary-General. Food Programme for urgent international assistance to help A/35/714. Report of Third Committee (on chapters of the Government of Somalia to provide the necessary care and Economic and Social Council report pertaining to questions attention to the refugees: of assistance to refugees). draft resolution I. 5. Endorses a/so the appeal of the Economic and Social Council to all Member States and intergovernmental and non- Resolution 35/180, as recommended by Third Committee, governmental organizations and all voluntary agencies to in- A/35/714, adopted without objection by Assembly on 15 crease further their assistance to the Government of Somalia December 1980, meeting 96. and to the various refugee programmes sponsored by the Office of the High Commissioner so as to ensure the adequate The General Assembly, and continuous provision of emergency relief and humanitar- Recalling its resolution 34/61 of 29 November 1979 on the ian assistance to refugees in Somalia; situation of African refugees, by which it requested the United 6. Requests the Secretary-General, in co-operation with Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to make every effort the High Commissioner, to dispatch a mission to Somalia to to mobilize additional resources to meet the needs of refugees make a comprehensive review of the refugee situation in that in Africa, country in the light of developments since the publication of Having heard the statement of the High Commissioner on the report of the interagency mission which visited Somalia in the situation of refugees in Somalia, December 1979; Recalling Economic and Social Council resolution 1980/9 7. Further requests the Secretary-General, in co-oper- of 28 April 1980, by which the Council, inter alia: ation with the High Commissioner, to arrange for the report of (a) Took note of the report of the interagency mission the review mission to be circulated as soon as it is published, which visited Somalia from 10 to 16 December 1979 to study so that the international community may have an updated the refugee situation in that country and to draw up a pro- report on the condition of the refugees in Somalia and an as- gramme of assistance to deal with the urgent humanitarian sessment of their over-all needs, including measures for needs there, strengthening the social and economic infrastructure of the (b) Endorsed the appeal of the Secretary-General of 11 country; February 1980, as well as the appeals launched by the 8. Requests the Secretary-General and the High Commis- High Commissioner, the Director-General of the Food and sioner to continue their efforts to mobilize humanitarian Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Ex- assistance for the relief and rehabilitation of the refugees in ecutive Director of the United Nations Children’s Fund, for Somalia; urgent international assistance to help the Government of 9. Urges Member States, the United Nations Development Somalia to provide the necessary care and attention to the Programme, the World Bank and intergovernmental and refugees, financial institutions to assist Somalia in strengthening its (c) Recognized the heavy burden placed on the Govern- social and economic infrastructure so that essential services ment of Somalia in caring for the refugees and the need for in- and facilities can be strengthened and expanded; ternational assistance to share that burden, 10. Requests the Secretary-General, in co-operation with Recalling further Economic and Social Council resolution the High Commissioner, to submit the report of the proposed 1980/53 of 24 July 1980, by which the Council, inter alia: review mission on the current refugee situation in Somalia to (a) Noted with concern the dramatic increase in the refu- the Economic and Social Council at its first regular session of gee population in Somalia, 1981; (b) Requested the Secretary-General, in co-operation 11. Further requests the Secretary-General, in co-oper- with the High Commissioner, to consider the necessity of dis- ation with the High Commissioner, to submit a report to the patching a review mission to Somalia to assess current devel- General Assembly at its thirty-sixth session on the progress opments in the refugee situation, as a follow-up to the earlier achieved in the implementation of the present resolution. report of the interagency mission, Recognizing the heavy burden placed on the Government SITUATION OF REFUGEES IN THE SUDAN of Somalia in caring for the refugees and the need for interna- tional assistance to share that burden, Economic and Social Council- 1st regular session, 1980 Mindful that Somalia is classified as a least developed Plenary meetings 3, 11, 13, 14. country and that its meagre resources and inadequate infra- structure are not capable of coping with the refugee situation E/1980/L.24. Djibouti, Kenya, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Ni- alone, without jeopardy to its social and economic develop- geria, Pakistan, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, United Arab ment and without endangering the general well-being of the Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania: draft resolution. population, E/1980/L.24/Rev.1. Revised draft resolution, sponsored by Expressing deep appreciation for the assistance which has above 10 powers and by Democratic Kampuchea, Egypt, been rendered by several Member States and intergovern- Ethiopia, Indonesia, Italy. Lesotho and Zambia. mental and non-governmental organizations to Somalia in E/1980/L.30. Programme budget implications of 17 T-power support of the refugee programmes, revised draft resolution, E/l980/L.24/Rev.1. Statement by Deeply concerned, however, that the response of the inter- Secretary-General. national community to date has not been commensurate with the needs of the refugees, as described in the report of the in- Resolution 1980/10, as proposed by 17 powers, teragency mission, E/1980/L.24/Rev.1, adopted without vote by Council on 1. Commends the Secretary-General for taking steps to 28 April 1980, meeting 14. promote continued and concerted international action to assist the Government of Somalia to provide relief aid for the The Economic and Social Council, refugees; Recalling General Assembly resolution 34/61 of 29 2. Takes note with appreciation of the efforts undertaken November 1979 on the situation of African refugees, by by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to which the Assembly requested the United Nations High Com- provide humanitarian assistance to the refugees in Somalia: missioner for Refugees to make every effort to mobilize addi- 3. Takes note of the measures which the Government of tional resources for African refugees, Somalia is taking in order to provide shelter, food and other Taking note of the ever-increasing number of refugees services to the refugees in Somalia: arriving in the Sudan, which to date is about half a million. 4. Endorses the appeal of the Secretary-General of 11 Appreciating the measures which the Government of the February 1980 and the appeals launched by the High Com- Sudan, a least developed country, is taking in order to provide Refugee questions 949 shelter, food and other services to the growing number of the magnitude of assistance required for the financing of the refugees in the Sudan, programmes for the relief and settlement of refugees, Deeply concerned that the assistance given to refugees in Having heard the statement by the Under-Secretary- the Sudan by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refu- General for Special Political Questions and Co-ordinator of gees and the international community is inadequate and that, Special Economic Assistance Programmes on the interagen- as a result, the living conditions- of the refugees will cy mission to the Sudan, deteriorate, Having received the request of the Government of the Emphasizing, therefore, the need to increase financial sup- Sudan to make the report of the interagency mission available port to provide adequate care for the maintenance of those to the international community as soon as possible, refugees and for humanitarian measures leading to durable 1. Notes with appreciation the arrangements made by the solutions of their problems, Secretary-General to send the interagency mission to the Sudan in a very short time: Recalling the announcement made at the thirtieth session of the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United 2. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that the Nations High Commissioner for Refugees that 1980 would be report of the mission is published without delay and submit- a year devoted to refugee problems in the Sudan, ted to the General Assembly for consideration at its thirty-fifth session: 1. Expresses its appreciation to the Government of the Sudan for its efforts to accommodate a growing number of 3. Calls upon Member States and the United Nations or- refugees on its territory; ganizations concerned to render the maximum financial and 2. Expresses a/so its appreciation to the United Nations material assistance to the Government of the Sudan in its ef- High Commissioner for Refugees and his staff for the dedicat- forts to provide shelter, food and other services to the growing ed and efficient manner in which they continue to work, with number of refugees; 4. Commends the initiative and endeavours of the the support of the international community. to accomplish their humanitarian task for refugees in the Sudan; Government of the Sudan in convening the International Con- 3. Calls attention to the urgent need for increased ference on Refugees in the Sudan at Khartoum from 20 to 22 resources to care for the growing number of refugees in the June 1980, in order to draw the attention of the international Sudan; community to the plight of the 441,000 refugees in the Sudan 4. Takes note of the decision of the Government of the and to the seriousness and complexity of their situation; Sudan to convene an international conference on refugees in 5. Decides to review the situation of refugees in the the Sudan at Khartoum, on 20 June 1980, to coincide with Sudan at its first regular session of 1981. the Day of Refugees in Africa; 5. Appeals to all Governments to render the maximum General Assembly- 35th session possible financial and material assistance to the refugees in Third Committee, meetings 51-56, 61, 62. the Sudan; Fifth Committee, meeting 48. 6. Requests the United Nations High Commissioner for Plenary meeting 96. Refugees, in co-operation with the Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme, the World Food Pro- A/35/3/Rev.1. Report of Economic and Social Council, Chap- gramme, the United Nations Children’s Fund, the Food and ters XXI and XXXII. Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World A/35/410. Report of Secretary-General. (Annex: Report of in- Health Organization, the United Nations Educational, teragency mission to Sudan, 12-22 June.) Scientific and Cultural Organization and other relevant spe- A/35/769. Administrative and financial implications of, inter cialized agencies, as well as non-governmental organizations, alia, draft resolution II recommended by Third Committee in to render the maximum possible assistance to the Govern- A/35/714. Report of Fifth Committee. ment of the Sudan: A/C.3/35/L.46. Algeria, Bahrain, Barbados, Djibouti, Egypt, 7. Appeals to the donor countries and international or- Indonesia. Iraq, Italy. Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libyan ganizations and voluntary agencies to participate in the Inter- Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, national Conference on Refugees in the Sudan at a high level, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sudan, Swaziland, Syrian Arab to ensure the success of the Conference in mobilizing inter- Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, United Arab Emir- national support and additional resources to alleviate the ates, United Republic of Tanzania: draft resolution. plight of the refugees in the Sudan: A/C.3/35/L.46/Rev.1. Revised draft resolution, sponsored 8. Requests the Secretary-General, in co-operation with by above 26 powers and by Bangladesh, Burundi, Canada, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, to send Central African Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, Guinea- an interagency mission to the Sudan to assess the needs and Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, India, Kenya, Malaysia, Mauri- the magnitude of assistance required for the financing of the tania, Panama, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Suri- programmes for the relief and settlement of refugees, and to name, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, as further orally report to the Economic and Social Council on this matter at its revised by sponsors, approved unanimously by Third Com- first regular session in 1981. mittee on 19 November, meeting 62. A/C.3/35/L.63, A/C.5/35/84. Administrative and financial Economic and Social Council— 2nd regular session. 1980 implications of 47-power revised draft resolution, Plenary meetings 40, 41, 43. A/C.3/35/L.46/Rev.1. Statements by Secretary-General. A/35/714. Report of Third Committee (on chapters of E/1980/L.53. Australia, Bangladesh, Burundi, Djibouti, Ethi- Economic and Social Council report pertaining to questions opia, Iraq. Jordan, Kuwait, Lesotho, Morocco, Nepal, Soma- of assistance to refugees). draft resolution II. lia, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania: draft resolution. Resolution 35/181. as recommended by Third Committee, A/35/714, adopted without objection by Assembly on 15 Resolution 1980/45, as proposed by 16 powers, December 1980, meeting 96. E/1980/L.53, adopted without vote by Council on 23 July 1980, meeting 43. The General Assembly. Recalling Economic and Social Council resolutions The Economic and Social Council, 1980/10 of 28 April 1980 and 1980/45 of 23 July 1980, by Recalling its resolution 1980/10 of 28 April 1980, in which which the Council requested the Secretary-General, in co- it requested the Secretary-General, in co-operation with the operation with the United Nations High Commissioner for United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, to send an Refugees, to send an interagency mission to the Sudan to interagency mission to the Sudan to assess the needs and assess the needs and the magnitude of assistance required 950 Economic and social questions

for the financing of the programmes for the relief and settle- Resolution 1980/8, as proposed by 12 powers, E/1980/ ment of refugees and to report to the General Assembly at L.22, adopted without vote by Council on 28 April 1980, its thirty-fifth session, meeting 14. Having heard the statement of the High Commissioner con- cerning the report of the Secretary-General on the visit of the The Economic and Social Council, interagency mission to the Sudan from 12 to 22 June 1980, Having heard the statement made by the Commissioner for Noting with appreciation that the Government of the Relief and Rehabilitation of Ethiopia on 16 April 1980, outlin- Sudan, with the help of the High Commissioner and the inter- ing the difficulties encountered by his Government in provid- national community, held an important and well-attended ing relief and rehabilitation to the large number of displaced Conference at Khartoum from 20 to 22 June 1980, entitled persons in Ethiopia, “International Conference on Refugees in the Sudan,” Recalling its resolution 1978/39 of 1 August 1978, by Deeply concerned that the assistance rendered to the sudan which it requested the United Nations High Commissioner for falls far short of today’s needs required to set in motion the pro- Refugees, in co-operation with the Administrator of the United cess of rehabilitation, settlement and community development. Nations Development Programme, the World Food Pro- together with the strengthening of national services to cope gramme, the United Nations Children’s Fund, the Food and with the significant addition to the population caused by the Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World continuing massive influx of refugees, Health Organization and other specialized agencies, as well Recognizing the need for continued financial and material as non-governmental organizations, to render the greatest support from the international community to the refugees in possible assistance to the Governments of the countries-in the Sudan, the Horn of Africa, Recognizing further that the presence of large numbers of Noting with concern the problem of displaced persons in refugees in the Sudan and the continued influx of more refu- Ethiopia, gees put grave pressures and strains on that country’s limited Noting further that the humanitarian assistance rendered resources, to the displaced persons in Ethiopia by the United Nations 1. Commends the Secretary-General for sending an inter- High Commissioner for Refugees has fallen far short of the agency mission to the Sudan and for the comprehensive urgent requirements, report prepared by the mission on the needs and the magni- Recognizing the need for continued financial and material tude of assistance required for refugees in the Sudan: support from the international community in order to provide 2. Takes note with appreciation of the assistance that has the necessary care for the large number of displaced persons been rendered for refugees in the Sudan by several Member in Ethiopia, States, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1. Appeals to all Member States and intergovernmental and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations; and non-governmental organizations and all voluntary agen- 3. Endorses the report of the interagency mission to the cies to assist the Government of Ethiopia in its effort to pro- Sudan and the recommendations contained therein; vide relief and rehabilitation to the displaced persons in 4. Requests the Secretary-General to circulate the report Ethiopia: to Member States, international organizations and voluntary 2. Requests the Secretary-General, in co-operation with agencies and to appeal to them, in close co-ordination with the the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees: High Commissioner, to provide generous contributions to the (a) To send a multi-agency mission to Ethiopia to assess refugees in the sudan on the basis of the report of the mission; the extent of the problem as well as the magnitude of assis- 5. Requests the Secretary-General, in co-operation with tance required; the High Commissioner, to send, as a matter of urgency, (b) To mobilize humanitarian assistance from the interna- follow-up missions to carry out feasibility studies with a view tional community for the displaced persons in Ethiopia; to strengthening the capacity of the Government of the Sudan 3. Further requests the Secretary-General to report to the to pursue cost-effective strategies and to plan and locate new Economic and Social Council at its second regular session of settlements as an integral part of over-all rural and urban de- 1980 and to the General Assembly at its thirty-fifth session velopment, on the basis of the recommendations of the on the progress achieved in the implementation of the present mission; resolution. 6. Appeals to Member States, the High Commissioner, the United Nations organizations concerned and voluntary agen- Economic and Social Council- 2nd regular session, 1980 cies to render maximum financial and material assistance to Plenary meetings 42-44. the Government of the Sudan in its efforts to provide shelter, food and other services to the growing number of refugees in E/1980/104. Report of interagency mission to Ethiopia, 6-15 that country; July 1980 (also issued as A/35/360 and Corr.1-3, Annex.) 7. Commends the initiative and endeavours of the Sudan E/1980/L.50. Algeria, Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, in convening at Khartoum the International Conference on Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Mongolia, Nepal, Sudan, Uganda, Refugees in the Sudan to draw the attention of the interna- United Republic of Tanzania. Viet Nam, Zambia: draft tional community to the plight of 473,000 refugees and to the resolution. magnitude and complexity of their situation; E/1980/L.50/Rev.1. Revised draft resolution, sponsored by 8. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the above 13 powers and by Liberia. Economic and Social Council at its first regular session of 1981 and to the General Assembly at its thirty-sixth session Resolution 1980/54, as proposed by 14 powers, on the implementation of the present resolution. E/1980/L.50/Rev.1, and as further orally amended by France and by Iraq and sponsors, adopted without vote by ASSISTANCE TO DISPLACED PERSONS IN ETHIOPIA Council on 24 July 1980, meeting 44.

Economic and Social Council- 1st regular session, 1980 The Economic and Social Council. Plenary meetings 7, 11, 13, 14. Recalling its resolution 1978/39 of 1 August 1978, by which it requested the United Nations High Commissioner for E/1980/L.22. Cuba, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Lesotho, Libyan Refugees, in co-operation with the Administrator of the United Arab Jamahiriya, Malawi, Sudan, Uganda, United Republic Nations Development Programme, the World Food Pro- of Tanzania, Viet Nam, Zambia: draft resolution. gramme, the United Nations Children’s Fund, the Food and E/1980/L.27. Programme budget implications of 12 P-power Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World draft resolution, E/1980/L.22. Statement by Secretary- Health Organization and other specialized agencies, as well General. as non-governmental and voluntary organizations. to render Refugee questions 951 the greatest possible assistance to the Governments of the A/C.3/35/L.49. Comoros, Cuba, Cyprus, Democratic Yemen, countries in the Horn of Africa, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Guinea-Bissau, India. Kenya. Having considered the report of the interagency mission Liberia, Nepal, Niger, Swaziland, United Republic of Tanza- which visited Ethiopia from 6 to 15 July 1980, prepared pur- nia, Viet Nam: draft resolution. suant to Council resolution 1980/8 of 28 April 1980, by which A/C.3/35/L.49/Rev.1. Revised draft resolution, sponsored the Secretary-General was requested, in co-operation with the by above 15 powers and by Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, inter alia, to Bangladesh, Benin, Burundi, Cape Verde, Chad, Egypt, mobilize humanitarian assistance from the international com- Lesotho, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Philippines, Sierra munity to displaced persons in Ethiopia and to report to the Leone, Zambia and Zimbabwe, as further orally amended Council at its second regular session of 1980 on the progress by Senegal (on behalf of African group at United Nations) achieved in the implementation of that resolution, and revised by sponsors, approved unanimously by Third Taking note of the statement of the Commissioner for Relief Committee on 19 November 1980, meeting 62. and Rehabilitation of Ethiopia, A/C.3/35/L.57. Somalia: amendments to 30-power revised Deeply concerned about the grave situation facing the draft resolution, A/C.3/35/L.49/Rev.1. large number of displaced and uprooted persons in Ethiopia A/35/714. Report of Third Committee (on chapters of and the difficulties encountered by the Government of Ethio- Economic and Social Council report pertaining to questions pia in providing relief and rehabilitation to those persons, of assistance to refugees), draft resolution IV. Noting that the humanitarian assistance rendered to the displaced persons in Ethiopia through the Office of the United Resolution 35/183, as recommended by Third Committee, Nations High Commissioner for Refugees should be substan- A/35/714, adopted without objection by Assembly on 15 tially increased to meet urgent requirements, December 1980, meeting 96. Noting with deep concern the extreme difficulties that the Government of Ethiopia is faced with In looking after the The Genera/Assembly, basic needs and rehabilitation of a large number of displaced Recalling Economic and Social Council resolution 1978/39 persons and voluntary returnees, of 1 August 1978, by which the Council requested the United Recognizing the need for continued humanitarian assis- Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, in co-operation with tance to alleviate the plight of the large number of displaced the Administrator of the United Nations Development Pro- persons in Ethiopia and to rehabilitate them, gramme, the World Food Programme, the United Nations Chil- 1. Takes note of the report of the interagency mission dren’s Fund, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the which visited Ethiopia to assess the extent of the problem United Nations, the World Health Organization and other spe- and the magnitude of the assistance required to help the dis- cialized agencies, as well as non-governmental and voluntary placed persons in that country; organizations. to render maximum possible assistance to the 2. Commends the action taken by the Secretary-General Governments of the countries in the Horn of Africa. in arranging for a comprehensive report on the needs of dis- Recalling a/so Economic and Social Council resolution placed persons in Ethiopia to be circulated to the internation- 1980/54 of 24 July 1980, by which the Council requested al community; the Secretary-General, in consultation with the High Commis- 3. Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with sioner, to appeal to the international community to find ways the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, to and means of mobilizing urgently humanitarian assistance appeal to the international community and to find ways and for displaced persons and voluntary returnees in Ethiopia, means of mobilizing urgently humanitarian assistance for dis- Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on placed persons and voluntary returnees in Ethiopia; assistance to displaced persons in Ethiopia, prepared pur- 4. Appeals to all Member States and the appropriate suant to Economic and Social Council resolution 1980/8 of United Nations organizations and programmes, in particular 28 April 1980, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refu- Having heard the statement of the representative of the gees, the United Nations Development Programme, the World Secretary-General, in which he requested the assistance of Bank, the World Food Programme, the Food and Agriculture the international community in carrying out the recommenda- Organization of the United Nations, the United Nations Chil- tions and proposals contained in the report, dren’s Fund, the United Nations Industrial Development Or- Having heard the statement of the Commissioner for Relief ganization, the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, and Rehabilitation of Ethiopia, in which he outlined the grave the United Nations Sudano-Sahelian Office, the Office of the situation facing the large number of displaced persons in United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator, the World Health Ethiopia and the difficulties encountered by his Government Organization, the International Labour Organisation, the in providing for their relief and rehabilitation, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organiza- Taking note of the appeal of the Secretary-General in his tion, the United Nations Environment Programme and other note verbale of 11 November 1980, specialized agencies, intergovernmental, governmental and 1. Endorses the appeal of the Secretary-General in which non-governmental organizations, and voluntary agencies, to he urged Governments and international organizations to pro- assist the Government of Ethiopia in its efforts to provide vide prompt and generous assistance to displaced persons; relief and rehabilitation to the displaced persons in Ethiopia; 2. Endorses also the appeal of the Economic and Social 5. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Gener- Council to Member States, intergovernmental and non- al Assembly at its thirty-fifth session on the implementation governmental organizations and all voluntary agencies to of the present resolution: assist the Government of Ethiopia in its efforts to provide 6. Decides to bring the present resolution to the attention relief and rehabilitation to displaced persons; of the General Assembly at its thirty-fifth session and to keep 3. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the matter under review. assistance to displaced persons in Ethiopia and the recom- mendations contained therein; General Assembly— 35th session 4. Commends the Secretary-General for the preparation Third Committee, meetings 51-53, 55, 56, 61, 62. of the comprehensive report on the needs of displaced per- Plenary meeting 96. sons in Ethiopia: 5. Requests the United Nations High Commissioner for A/35/3/Rev.1. Report of Economic and Social Council, Chap- Refugees to continue his efforts to mobilize humanitarian ter XXI. assistance for the relief and rehabilitation of certified volun- A/35/360 and Corr.1-3. Report of Secretary-General. tary returnees: (Annex: Report of interagency mission to Ethiopia, 6-15 6. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the July 1980 (also issued as E/1980/104).) Economic and Social Council at its second regular session of 952 Economic and social questions

1981 and to the General Assembly at its thirty-sixth session A/35/639, adopted without vote by Assembly on 11 De- on the progress achieved in the implementation of the pres- cember 1980, meeting 92. ent resolution. The General Assembly, Assistance to other refugees Having considered the resolutions adopted by the World Conference of the United Nations Decade for Women and the REFUGEE AND DISPLACED CHILDREN recommendations contained in the Programme of Action for the Second Half of the United Nations Decade for Women: Genera/Assembly— 35th session Equality, Development and Peace relating to refugee and dis- Third Committee, meetings 77, 79, 81. placed women, which are of concern to the United Nations Plenary meeting 96. High Commissioner for Refugees, Recognizing that the problems of refugees and displaced A/C.3/35/L.60. France, Germany, Federal Republic of, persons affect every continent and place special burdens on Greece, Panama, Senegal, Togo, Tunisia, United Repub- developing countries, lic of Cameroon, Zaire: draft resolution, approved with- Aware that the increasingly serious situations of refugees out vote by Third Committee on 3 December 1980, and displaced persons place heavy social and economic meeting 79. burdens on those countries which provide asylum, relief or A/35/741. Report of Third Committee (on report of Economic rehabilitation, and Social Council), draft resolution Ill. Noting with great concern that women and children consti- tute the majority of refugees and displaced persons in most Resolution 35/187, as recommended by Third Committee, areas, A/35/741, adopted without vote by Assembly on 15 Recognizing that the needs of refugee and displaced December 1980, meeting 96. women as mothers and as women who have sole responsibili- ty for the support of their families require constructive recog- The General Assembly, nition by all parties to their relief and rehabilitation, Noting with deep concern the increasing gravity of the Recognizing also the particular vulnerability of refugee problems of refugees in various parts of the world, and displaced women to intimidation, exploitation and physi- Stressing that, among the problems posed by the plight of cal and sexual abuse, these populations, the problem of children is especially Aware that the special problems of refugee and displaced anguishing, women have to date not been fully studied, Considering the disturbing situation of millions of refugee Strong/y emphasizing the need for increased support from and displaced children, particularly children who have not the international community for the large number of refugees yet been settled, and displaced persons, Considering that many of them have lost all the members of 1. Requests all States to co-operate with the United their immediate family, Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in order to assure Reaffirming the pre-eminently humanitarian character of full protection of the well-being of women and children in par- the activities of the United Nations High Commissioner for ticular, in accordance with their fundamental rights under in- Refugees for the benefit of refugees, ternational law and national legislation; 1. Expresses its gratitude to the United Nations High Com- 2. Calls upon all States and donors providing immediate missioner for Refugees for the action which he has already relief to refugees and displaced persons to endeavour to taken to assist refugee and displaced children, and requests lessen the special vulnerability of women in these circum- him to intensify his efforts in that respect, endeavouring to stances, by ensuring their access to emergency relief and to ensure as far as possible that the cultural and family identity health programmes, and their active participation in decision- of the minors settled is preserved: making in centres or camps for refugees or displaced persons; 2. Requests the High Commissioner to associate all the 3. Urges the international community to provide urgent specialized agencies in the action undertaken. and adequate assistance to all refugee and displaced women and to developing countries providing asylum or rehabilita- REFUGEE AND DISPLACED WOMEN tion, especially the least developed and most seriously affect- ed countries; General Assembly— 35th session 4. Further calls upon all States and donors assisting in the Third Committee, meetings 23, 27, 30, 35. 42, 46, 48. rehabilitation, resettlement or repatriation of refugees and dis- Plenary meeting 92. placed persons to recognize the pivotal role of the mother in the family, and thus in the provision of family welfare, to ensure Report of the World Conference of the United Nations women’s rights to physical safety and to facilitate their access Decade for Women: Equality. Development and Peace. to counselling services and material assistance; Copenhagen, 14 to 30 July 1980, Chapter I B (resolutions 5. Urges the High Commissioner to work with the host 12 and 13). U.N.P. Sales No.: E.80.1V.3 and corrigendum. country Governments to encourage the participation of A/C.3/35/L.21. Australia, Austria, Colombia, Dominican women, including refugee women, in the administration of Republic, Ecuador, Japan, Kenya, Pakistan, Panama, refugee assistance programmes, notably the provision of es- Papua New Guinea, Philippines, United Republic of sential food, shelter and medical services in countries of Cameroon: draft resolution. asylum, and to promote their participation in training and A/C.3/35/L.21/Rev.1 Revised draft resolution, sponsored orientation programmes in countries of asylum and reset- by above 12 powers and by Niger, Sudan, United Republic tlement: of Tanzania and Zimbabwe, as further orally revised by 6. Urges the High Commissioner to draw upon the exper- sponsors, approved without vote by Third Committee on 6 tise of all United Nations bodies concerned and, in consulta- November, meeting 48, tion with the countries concerned, to carry out detailed stud- A/C.3/35/L.35. Burundi, Egypt, Nigeria, Somalia, Sudan, ies and research to determine the extent to which refugee Swaziland, United Republic of Tanzania: amendment to and displaced women are especially vulnerable and to formu- 12-power draft resolution, A/C.3/35/L.21. late and implement programmes and projects based upon the A/35/639. Report of Third Committee (on United Nations results of these studies; Decade for Women: Equality, Development and Peace). 7. Recommends that the Office of the High Commissioner draft resolution II. should co-ordinate with the interested United Nations agen- cies and non-governmental organizations concerned the col- Resolution 35/135. as recommended by Third Committee, lection and analysis of data and the conduct of research and Refugee questions 953 case studies on the critical needs of refugee and displaced A/SPC/35/L.25. Algeria, Cuba, Democratic Yemen, Mozam- women; bique: amendment to 26-power draft resolution, 8. Further recommends that the High Commissioner A/SPC/35/L.21. should ensure that the number of women at all levels on his A/SPC/35/L.27. Pakistan: amendments to 27-power revised staff, particularly in the field, is increased and that a high- draft resolution, A/SPC/35/L.21/Rev.1. level staff position is designated as a co-ordinator for A/SPC/35/L.28. Senegal: subamendment to 7-power women’s programmes. revised amendments, A/SPC/35/L.24/Rev.1. A/SPC/35/L.29. Somalia: amendments to 27-power revised lnternational co-operation draft resolution, A/SPC/35/L.21/Rev.1. to avert new flows of refugees A/35/739. Report of Special Political Committee.

General Assembly- 35th session Resolution 35/124, as recommended by Special Political General Committee, meeting 3. Committee, A/35/739, adopted by Assembly on 11 Decem- Special Political Committee, meetings 43-49. ber 1980, meeting 92, by recorded vote of 105 to 16, with Plenary meetings 20, 92. 14 abstentions, as follows:

A/35/242. Letter of 24 September from Vice-Chancellor and In favour: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bah- Minister for Foreign Affairs of Federal Republic of Germany rain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Bhutan, Botswana, (request for inclusion of additional item in agenda entitled Brazil, Burma, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, “International co-operation to avert new flows of refugees”). China, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Democratic A/35/250/Add.1. Second report of General Committee, para. 2. Kampuchea, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecua- A/SPC/35/L.21. Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Canada, Costa dor, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Finland, Rica, Denmark, Ecuador, France, Germany, Federal Repub- France, Gabon, Gambia, Germany, Federal Republic of, lic of, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Iceland. Italy, Ivory Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Iceland. Coast, Japan, Liberia, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Senegal, India. Indonesia, Iran, Ireland. Israel, Italy. Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Singapore, United Kingdom, United States, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia, Zaire: draft resolution. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. Luxembourg, Malaysia, Maldives, A/SPC/35/L.21/Rev.1. Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Canada, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Costa Rica, Denmark, France, Germany, Federal Republic Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, of, Greece, Guatemala, Indonesia, Italy. Ivory Coast, Japan, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Malaysia, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Portugal, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Thailand, United King- Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, dom, United States, Zaire: revised draft resolution, as Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Thailand, Togo, amended by Senegal, A/SPC/35/L.28, approved by Spe- Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emir- cial Political Committee on 5 December, meeting 49, by roll- ates, United Kingdom, United Republic of Cameroon, call vote of 93 to 15, with 9 abstentions, as follows: United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia In favour: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangla- Against: Afghanistan, Angola, Bulgaria, Byelorussian desh, Barbados, Belgium, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, SSR, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Yemen, German Burma, Burundi, Canada, Central African Republic, China, Democratic Republic, Hungary, Lao People’s Democratic Colombia, Cyprus, Democratic Kampuchea, Denmark, Republic, Mongolia, Mozambique. Poland, Ukrainian SSR, Ecuador, Egypt, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, USSR, Viet Nam Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Abstaining: Algeria, Benin, Burundi, Congo, Ethiopia, Honduras, Iceland. India. Indonesia. Ireland. Israel. Italy, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Sao Tome and Principe, Uganda, United Republic of Tanza- Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. Luxembourg, Malaysia, nia, Zimbabwe. Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Neth- erlands, New Zealand, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Paki- The General Assembly, stan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Portu- Gravely concerned over the increasing flows of refugees in gal, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra many parts of the world, Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Suriname, Deeply disturbed by the human suffering affecting millions Swaziland. Sweden, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, of men, women and children who flee or are forcibly expelled Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, from their homelands and seek refuge in other countries, United Republic of Cameroon, United States, Uruguay, Reaffirming the right of refugees to return to their homes in Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe their homelands, Against: Angola, Bulgaria, Byelorussian SSR, Cuba, Commending the United Nations High Commissioner for Czechoslovakia, Democratic Yemen, German Democratic Refugees for his untiring humanitarian and social efforts, Republic, Hungary, Mongolia, Mozambique, Poland, Sao Commending also all Governments, United Nations Tome and Principe. Ukrainian SSR, USSR, Viet Nam organs, specialized agencies and intergovernmental and non- Abstaining: Benin, Chile, Ethiopia, Guinea, Lesotho, governmental organizations which have provided aid for their Madagascar, Malawi, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, contributions, and stressing the importance of their efforts in this field, A/SPC/35/L.22. Jordan (on behalf of Arab group at United Noting that, in addition to creating individual human Nations): amendments to 26-power draft resolution, misery, flows of refugees can impose great political, economic A/SPC/35/L.21. and social burdens upon the international community as a A/SPC/35/L.23. Nigeria: amendment to 26-power draft reso- whole, with particularly dire effects on developing countries lution, A/SPC/35/L.21, with limited resources of their own, A/SPC/35/L.24. Algeria, Cuba, Mozambique, Sao Tome and Considering that massive flows of refugees may not only Principe, Zimbabwe: amendments to 26-power draft reso- affect the domestic order and stability of receiving States but lution, A/SPC/35/L.21, also jeopardize the stability of entire regions and thus A/SPC/35/L.24/Rev.1. Algeria, Angola, Cuba, Democratic endanger international peace and security, Yemen, Mozambique, Sao Tome and Principe. Zimbabwe: Conscious of its duty to examine in depth all aspects of the revised amendments to 27-power revised draft resolution, refugee problem and to study the means and resources A/SPC/35/L.21/Rev.1 provided by the relevant provisions of the Charter of the 954 Economic and social questions

United Nations in order to maintain international peace and stan. Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Senegal, Sweden, Thai- security, land, Tunisia, Zaire: draft resolution, as orally revised by Reaffirming the inviolability of existing international norms sponsors, approved, parts A and B together, without vote and principles governing responsibilities of States, especially by Third Committee on 14 November, meeting 57. regarding the protection of refugees, and reaffirming the A/35/650 and Corr.1. Report of Third Committee, draft reso- framework of competences of international organizations and lutions I A and B. institutions, Reaffirming its resolution 2625(XXV) of 24 October 1970, Resolution 35/41 A and B, as recommended by Third Com- by which it approved the Declaration on Principles of Interna- mittee, A/35/650 and Corr.1, adopted, parts A and B tional Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation together, without vote by Assembly on 25 November 1980, among States in accordance with the Charter of the United meeting 73. Nations, Convinced, therefore, that the United Nations is called A upon to consider, in addition to humanitarian and social The General Assembly, relief, suitable means to avert new flows of refugees, Having considered the report of the United Nations High 1. Strongly condemns all policies and practices of op- Commissioner for Refugees on the activities of his Office, as pressive and racist regimes as well as aggression, alien domi- well as the report of the Executive Committee of the Pro- nation and foreign occupation, which are primarily responsi- gramme of the High Commissioner on its thirty-first session, ble for the massive flows of refugees throughout the world and having heard the High Commissioner’s statement, and which result in inhuman suffering: Recalling its resolutions 34/60, 34/61 and 34/62 of 29 2. Invites all Member States to convey to the Secretary- November 1979, General their comments and suggestions on international co- Expressing concern at the persistence and gravity of the operation to avert new flows of refugees and to facilitate the problems of refugees and displaced persons in all parts of return of those refugees who wish to return; the world, particularly in different parts of Africa and Asia, 3. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Noting with deep appreciation the positive responses of Assembly at its thirty-sixth session, for its further examination Governments to the problems of refugees and displaced per- and thorough study, the views, comments and suggestions ex- sons of concern to the Office of the High Commissioner pressed by Member States, together with those expressed on through offers of asylum, resettlement, rehabilitation and the item at its thirty-fifth session, including all additional con- financial contributions, as well as the generous support given tributions pertaining to the matter which he may receive from to the Office of the High Commissioner in its humanitarian other United Nations organs; task, 4. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its Reaffirming the humanitarian character of the activities of thirty-sixth session the item entitled “International co- the Office of the High Commissioner, operation to avert new flows of refugees.” Considering further the continuing and urgent need for a substantial international humanitarian effort to promote dur- A/SPC/35/7. Letter of 25 November from Philippines. able solutions to the problems of refugees and displaced per- sons, drawing particular attention to women and children the Report of the High Commissioner world over, and welcoming the recommendations on this sub- ject in the Programme of Action for the Second Half of the Economic and Social Council- 2nd regular session, 1980 United Nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development Plenary meeting 44. and Peace adopted at the World Conference of the United Nations Decade for Women, E/1980/79 and Corr.1. Report of UNHCR (covering period Noting with concern that refugees encounter serious diffi- 1 April 1979-31 March 1980) (also issued as A/35/12). culties in many parts of the world in obtaining asylum and that they are exposed to the threat of refoulement, arbitrary Decision 1980/163, by which the Council decided to trans- detention and physical violence, mit, without debate, the report of the United Nations High Deploring, in particular, the instances of physical attacks Commissioner for Refugees to the General Assembly at its on asylum seekers at sea and of military attacks on refugee thirty-fifth session, as orally proposed by Council Presi- camps in southern Africa, dent, adopted without objection by Council on 24 July Drawing attention to the problem of refugees rescued at 1980, meeting 44. sea and the difficulties encountered for their disembarkation, Taking note of resolution CM/Res.814(XXXV) concerning General Assembly- 35th session the situation of refugees in Africa, adopted by the Council of Third Committee, meetings 51-57. Ministers of the Organization of African Unity at its thirty-fifth Plenary meeting 73. ordinary session, held at Freetown from 18 to 28 June 1980, and of Economic and Social Council resolution 1980/55 of A/35/12. Report of UNHCR (covering period 1 April 1979-31 24 July 1980 concerning the organization of an international March 1980) (also issued as E/1980/79 and Corr.1). conference on assistance to refugees in Africa, A/35/12/Add.1. Addendum to report of UNHCR (report of 1. Commends the United Nations High Commissioner for 31st session of Executive Committee of High Commission- Refugees and his staff for the dedication they have continued er’s Programme, Geneva, 6-16 October). to demonstrate in discharging their responsibilities for pro- A/35/463 and Corr.1. Letter of 16 September from Sierra tecting and assisting refugees and displaced persons Leone (transmitting declarations and resolutions of throughout the world; 35th ordinary session of Council of Ministers, 18-28 2. Takes note of the efforts already made by the High June: and resolutions and decision of 17th ordinary Commissioner to adapt the management of his services to session of Assembly of Heads of State and Government their vastly increased tasks and encourages him to continue of OAU, 1-4 July, Freetown), Annex I (resolution CM/ these efforts within the framework of comprehensive action Res.814(XXXV)). and in close contact with the Executive Committee of the Pro- A/35/570. Letter of 27 October from German Democratic gramme of the High Commissioner and on the basis of the Republic (transmitting resolutions adopted by 67th Inter- principles and guidelines of the General Assembly; Parliamentary Conference, Berlin, 14-25 September). 3. Calls upon the international community to share the A/C.3/35/L.47. Australia, Botswana, Costa Rica, Cyprus, burden of assisting refugees and displaced persons of con- Denmark, Djibouti, Egypt, Finland, Ghana, Greece, Hondu- cern to the High Commissioner the world over, in particular in ras, Iceland. Kenya, Lesotho, New Zealand, Norway, Paki- the developing countries; International drug control 955

4. Reaffirms the essential importance of the High Com- B missioner’s action to provide international protection to refu- The General Assembly, gees and to promote durable and speedy solutions through Recalling its resolutions 1166(XII) of 26 November 1957, voluntary repatriation or return, and subsequent assistance 2956 B (XXVII) of 12 December 1972 and 3271 B (XXIX) of in rehabilitation, in consultation with the countries con- 10 December 1974 in connexion with the Emergency Fund of cerned, integration in countries of asylum of resettlement in the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, other countries of refugees and displaced persons of concern Noting recommendation F of the Executive Committee of to the Office of the High Commissioner; the Programme of the High Commissioner, 5. Urges Governments to intensify their support for activi- Authorizes the United Nations High Commissioner for Refu- ties which the High Commissioner is carrying out in accor- gees to allocate from the Emergency Fund up to $10 million dance with relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and annually for refugees and displaced persons in emergency the Economic and Social Council, especially by: situations for which there is no provision in the programmes (a) Facilitating his efforts in the field of international pro- approved by the Executive Committee, it being understood tection by observing the principle of asylum and non-refoule- that the amount made available for one single emergency mentrelating to refugees; shall not exceed $4 million in any one year and that the Fund (b) Supporting his efforts to promote, in co-operation with is maintained at not less than $4 million. Governments, United Nations bodies and non-governmental organizations, durable solutions to the problems of refugees Communications and displaced persons, including those in urgent need, when- E/1980/107. Letter of 22 July from United States (transmitting ever emergencies occur; note and communique issued by Costa Rica at conclusion of 6. Welcomes the steps already taken in implementing 2nd San Jose meeting concerning humanitarian problems the recommendations of the Conference on the Situation of relating to persons who have left or are trying to leave Cuba). Refugees in Africa, held at Arusha, United Republic of Tan- E/1980/108. Letter of 24 July from Cuba (transmitting statement zania, from 7 to 17 , urges all States to provide of same date submitted to United Nations Office at Geneva). the utmost support for the envisaged International Confer- A/35/255. Letter of 16 May from United States (transmitting ence on Assistance to Refugees in Africa and recommends statement of 15 May by President on Cuban refugee policy). that the High Commissioner should substantially increase, A/35/328 (S/14060). Letter of 9 July from Philippines (trans- subject to the availability of funds, the assistance pro- mitting joint communique of 13th ASEAN Ministerial Meet- grammes allocated to Africa in order to respond effectively ing, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 25 and 26 June 1980). to the manifested needs; A/35/374 (S/14085). Letter of 2 August from Philippines 7. Expresses its appreciation for the role of the High Com- (transmitting letter of 1 to Secretary-General missioner in the repatriation of Zimbabwean refugees and in and statement of same date by Chairman of ASEAN Stand- the co-ordination of the United Nations humanitarian assis- ing Committee). tance programme for the initial settlement and rehabilitation A/35/469 (S/14182). Letter of 19 September from Minister of returnees and displaced persons in Zimbabwe; for Foreign Affairs of Philippines (transmitting statement by 8. Stresses the importance of maintaining the relief efforts Chairman of ASEAN Standing Committee issued in New and the resettlement momentum for boat and land cases in York on same date). South-East Asia and urges all Governments to provide oppor- A/35/594. Letter of 3 November from Viet Nam. tunities for durable solutions to these refugees: A/35/604. Letter of 5 November from Viet Nam (transmitting 9. Urges the High Commissioner to explore the further document on latest reports about Indochinese refugees). elaboration of arrangements in order to facilitate the prompt A/35/622. Letter of 10 November from Viet Nam. and unhindered disembarkation of refugees rescued at sea and their resettlement; Contributions and pledges 10. Recognizes the High Commissioner’s leading re- sponsibility in emergency situations regarding refugees and General Assembly- 35th session takes note of his efforts to contribute to the improvement of Ad Hoc Committee of General Assembly for Announcement of the co-ordination and effectiveness of the action of United Voluntary Contributions to 1981 Programme of UNHCR, Nations bodies and other relevant organizations in providing meeting of 14 November 1980 (A/AC.204/SR.1). international humanitarian assistance to refugees and dis- placed persons of concern to his Office; Other documents 11. Urges all Governments in a position to do so to con- UNHCR (information tabloid): Nos. 1-5 (April/May, June/July, tribute generously in order to provide the High Commissioner September/October, October/November, December). with the necessary means to attain the objectives of his A/35/3/Rev.1. Report of Economic and Social Council, Chap- humanitarian programme, taking into account that the over-all ters II, XXI and XXXII. financial requirements of the High Commissioner are on the A/35/5/Add.5. Voluntary funds administered by UNHCR. order of $500 million in 1980 and that the same amount Audited financial statements for year ended 31 December might well be required in 1981. 1979 and report of Board of Auditors.

Chapter XXI International drug control

In 1980, drug abuse and its associated problems synthetic drugs continued to be diverted from continued to increase throughout the world. Sub- licit sources onto the black market or manufac- stantial quantities of natural drugs continued to tured in clandestine laboratories. be produced illicitly. Also, large amounts of The Commission on Narcotic Drugs held its