3318 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE_ FEBRUARY 9 6298. Also, petition by voters of Salem, Ohio, urging that 6319. By Mr. THOMPSON: Petition of 140 citizens of Put­ immediate steps be taken to bring to a vote a Civil War pen­ nam County, Ohio, urging passage of legislation granting more "'ion bill in order that relief may be accorded to needy and liberal pensions to Civil War veterans and widows of veterans; ;uffering veterans and widows of veterans ; to the Committee to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. on Invalid Pensions. 6320. By 1\Ir. THURSTON: Petition of citizens of Adams 6299. By l\Ir. O'CONNELL of New York: Petition of the County, Iowa, requesting the Congress to pass legislation to Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York, strongly increase pensions of veterans of the Civil War; to the Commit­ urges that the headquarters of the American Republic Line tee on Invalid Pensions. remain in New York; to the Committee on the Merchant Ma­ 6321. Also, petition of Greater Des Moines Committee, indors­ rine and Fisheries. ing the McNary-Haugen bill; to the Conunittee on Agriculture. 6300. By Mr. OLDFIELD: Petition of citizens of Fulton 6322. Also, petition of citizens of Afton, Union County, Iowa, County, Ark., urging the passage of House bill 13450; to the requesting the Congress to pass legislation to increase pensions Committee on Invalid Pensions. now allowed to veterans of the Civil War and their depend­ 6301. Also, petition of citizens of Randolph County, Ark., ents; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. urging the passage of House bill 13450 ; to the Committee on 6323. By Mr. U~"'DERWOOD: Petition of 1\Irs. Clyde Hum­ Invalid Pensions. phreys et al., 1\Irs. Emma Hockman et al., Chas. C. \Volfe et al., 6302. By Mr. PATTERSON: Memorial of Cactus Chapter D. P. Camp et al., and David C. Throckmorton et al., favoring No. 2 and Tuscon Chapter No. 4, Disabled American Veterans Civil War pension legislation; to the Committee on Invalid of the World War, recommending repeal of the last provision Pen ions. of paragraph 7, section 202, disabled American veterans relief 6324. By Mr. VINCENT of Michigan: Petition of residents act, of .June 6, 1924, and urging enactment into law of House of the eighth ·district, urging further relief for Civil War bill 16019; to the Committee on World War Veterans' Legis­ veterans and widows of veterans; to the Committee on Invalid lation. Pensions. 6303. Also, memorial of Commercial Travelers' A sociation, 6325. By 1\Ir. WATSON: Petitions from residents of Bucks praying for immediate action on the bill S. 1143 so as to discon­ County, Pa., urging further relief for Civil War veterans and tinue the war-time Pullman surcharge by amending section 1 of widows of veterans; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the interstate commerce act; to the Committee on Interstate and ~"""oreign Commerce. 6304. By Mr. REED of New York: Petition of citizens of SENATE Olean, Limestone, and Rushford, N. Y., urging action on a Civil War pension bill (petition not attached) ; to the Com­ Wrn~ESDAY, February 9, 19~1 mittee on Invalid Pensions. The Chaplain, Rev. J. J. Muir, D. D., offered the following 6305. By 1\Ir. REID of illinois: Petition signed by inmates prayer: of the Soldiers Widows' Home at Wilmington, m., urging passage of legislaton for the benefit of veterans of the Civil Our heavenly Father, we love to call Thee by that name, ·war and widows of veterans; to the Committee on Invalid for such is the endearment because we know that Thou art Pensions. looking after our intere ts and ever seeking our welfare. Thou 6306. By 1\Irs. ROGERS: Resolution and petition of the hast permitted us to see the morning light and opened to us National Council of Traveling Salesmen's Associations, for the opportunities of service in Thy name and for Thy glory. Be repeal of the war-time Pullman surcharge; to the Committee pleased to be with us this day. Guide ou.r thoughts, influence on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. our purposes, and lead us onward. For Thy name's sake we 6307. By Mr. ROWBOTTOM: Petition of 1\Irs. Cordelia ask it. Amen. Corder and others, of Gibson County, Ind., that the bill increas­ The Chief Clerk proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's ing the pension of Civil War widows be enacted into law at proceedings when, on reque"t of Mr. CuRTIS and by unanimous this session of Congress; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. consent, the further reading was dispensed with and the 6308. By Mr. SAl\'DERS of New York: Petition of 105 resi­ Journal was approved. dents of the thirty-ninth congressional district, opposing the passage of compulsory Sunday observance bills ; to the Com­ MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE mittee on the Dish·ict of Columbia. A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. 6309. Also, petition of the congregation of the United Presby­ Haltigan, one of its clerks, announced that Mr. TINKH..AM and terian Chw·ch of Pavilion, N. Y., unanimously urging the pas­ Mr. GRIFFIN were appointed as additional managers on the sage of House bill 10311, the Sunday rest bill for the District part of the House at the conference on the bill (H. R. 16576) of Columbia; to the Committee on the District of Columbia. making appropriations for the Departments of State and Jus­ 6310. Also, petition of 59 residents of the thirty-ninth con­ tice and for the judiciary, and for the Departments of Com­ gressional district of New York, urging the passage of House merce and Labor, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1928, and bill 10311, the Sunday rest bill for the District of Columbia; for other purposes. to the Committee on the District of Columbia. The message also announced that the House had passed a 6311. By Mr. SCHNEHDER: Petition of voters of Green Bay, bill (H. R. 16863) making appropriations for the legislative Wis., urging legislative relief for veterans and widows of the branch of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30, Civil War; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 1928, a.nd for other purposes, in which it requested the con­ 6312. Also, petition of voters of Crandon, Wis., urging legisla­ currence of the Senate. tive relief for veterans and widows of the Civil War; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS SIGNED 6313. Also, petition of voters of Gillett, Wis., urging legisla­ The message further announced that the Speaker had af­ tive relief for veterans and widows of the Civil War; to the fixed his signature to the following enrolled bills and joint Committee on Invalid Pensions. resolutions, and they were thereupon signed by the Vice 6314. By Mr. SINCLAIR: Petition of representatives of President: 900,000 traveling salesmen, for the repeal of the war-time Pull­ S. 3634. An act providing for the preparation of a biennial man surcharge; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign index to State legislation ; Commerce. S. 4942. An act to authorize an appropriation for the pur­ 6315. By Mr. STRONG of Kansas: Petition of voters of Con­ chase of certain privately owned land within the Jicarilla cordia, Kans., urging passage of Civil War pension bill for Indian Reservation, N. Mex.: widows and veterans ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 5499. An act authorizing a survey of the Caloosahatchee 6316. By Mr. TE~MPLE: Petition of members and adherents Ri"rer drainage area in Florida, and of Lake Okeechobee and of the Chartiers Cross Roads United Presbyterian Church, certain territory bordering its shores in Florida ; Washington County, Pa., in support of the Lankford Sunday H. R. 585. An act for the relief of Frederick Marshall ; rest bill (H. R. 10311) ; to the Committee on the District of H. R. 1105. An act for the relief of the Kelly Springfield Columbia. Motor Truck Co. of California ; 6317. By Mr. THATCHER: Petition of numerous residents H. R. 1330. An act for the relief of Helene 1\I. Hubrich; of Louisville, Ky., urging passage of a bill granting increases H. R.1464. An act or the relief of Charles C. Hughes; of pension to Civil War veterans and widows of veterans; to II. R. 2184. An act for the relief of James Gaynor; the Committee on Invalid Pensions. H. R. 2491. An act for the relief of Gordan A. Dennis ; 6318. Also, petition of certain residents of Louisville, Ky., H. R. 4376. An act to allow and credit the accounts of Joseph urging passage of a bill granting increases of pension to Civil R. Hebblethwaite, formerly captain, Quartermaster Corps, United War veterans and widows of veterans; to the Committee on States Army, the sum of $237.90 disallowed by the Comptroller Invalid Pensions. General of the ; 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3319 H. R. 4719. An act for the relief of the New Braunfels Brew­ missions, anp offices for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1928, ing Co.; and for other purposes ; II. R. 5866. An act faf the relief of the Lehigh Coal & Navi­ S. J. Res.141. Joint resolution to approve a sale of land by gation Co.; one' Moshulatubba or Muslmlatubbe on August 29, 1832; and ll. R. 5{)91. An act authorizing the adjustment of the bound­ H. J. Res. 233. Joint resolution authorizing the Secretary of aries of the Black Hills and Harney Forests, and for other War to loan certain French guns which belong to the United purposes; States and are now in the city park at Walla Walla, Wash., to H. R. 6586. An act for the relief of Russell W. Simpson; the city of Walla Walla, and for other purposes. H. R. 6806. An act authorizing the payment of a claim to Alexander J. Thompson; LEASES GRAJS"TED BY THE SECRETARY OF WAR H. R. 7156. An act for the relief of Maurice E. Kinsey; The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate :1. communi­ H. R. 7617. An act to authorize payment to the Pennsylvania cation f~·om the Secretary of War, transmitting, pursuant to Railroad Co., a corporation, for damage to its rolling stock at law, a hst of leases graated by the Secretary of War under · Raritan Arsenal, Metuchen, N. J., on August 16, 1D22; authority of .law during the calendar year 1926, which was H. R. 7921. An act to authorize the Commissioner of the Gen­ referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. eral Land Office to dispose by sale of certain public land in the PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS State of Arkansas; H. R. 8345. An act for the relief of Crane Co. ; The VICE PRESIDENT laid Qefore the Senate the following n. R. 8685. An act for the relief of Henry S. R<>yce ; , joint memorial of the Legislature of the State of Oregon, which H. R. !>045. An act to establish a national military park at was referred to the Committee on Irrigation and Beclamation: and near Frederick burg, Va., and to mark and preserve his­ STATE OF OnEGO~, torical points connected with the Battles of Fredericksburg, Department of State, Saletn, February q, 1927. Spotsylvania Court House, Wilderness, and Chancellorsville, To the honorable the PRESIDENT OF TIQJ UNITED STATES SENATE, including Salem Church, Va.; Senate Chamber, Washington, D. C. H. R. 9287. An act for the relief of Albert G. Tuxhorn; DEAR Sm: By direction of the Thirty-fourth Legislative Assembly H. R. 9667. An act for the relief of Columbus P. Pierce; of the State of Oregon, I have the honor to transmit herewith for H. R. 9912. An act approving the transaction of the adjutant your consideration a certified copy of Senate Joint Memorial No. 6, general of the State of Oregon in issuing property to sufferers urging the Congress of the United States to take favorable action from a tire in Astoria, Oreg., and relieving the United States upon Senate bill 4627 providing for the development of the Uma­ property and disbursing officer of the State of Oregon anu the tillp. Rapids power and irrigation project on the Columbia River'. State of Oregon from accountability therefor; Very respectfully, H. R. 10076. An act for the relief of the estate of William C. SAM i:. KozEn, Perry, late of Cross Creek Township, Washington County, Pa.; Secretary of State. H. R. 10130. An act authorizing the Secretary of the Navy, Senate Joint Memorial 6 in his discretion, to deliver to the president of the Rotary Club of Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, Ind., a bell of a battle­ To tlte honorable Senate and House of r-epresentatives of the Uni ted ship that is now or may be in his custody ; States of America in Cong1·ess assembled: Whereas there is pending before Congress Senate bill 4627, intro­ H. R. 10725. An act for the relief of Capt. C. R. Insley ; duced by Senator McNARY, which provides for the development of H. R. 11325. An act to amend an act entitled "An act to pro­ the Umatilla Rapids power and irrigation project on the Columbia vide compensation for employees of the United States suffering River; and ' injuries while in the performance of their duties, and for other purposes," approved September 7, 1916, and acts in amendment Whet·eas the early development or this project is of vital intereRt thereof; to the people and the industries of the Northwest, as it will make H. R. 11762. An act to provide for the sale of uniforms to indi­ available an abundance of power at an e.xtraot·dinarily low cost and viduals separated from the military or naval forces of the possible reclamation of large areas of arid land; and United States; Whereas because of the nature and location o! the project many H. R. 12064. An act providing for a grant of land to the interestate questions are involved which are beyond State control and county of San Juan, in the State of Washington, for recreational which can be met and solved only by the Federal Government; and and public-park purposes; Whereas the State of Oregon, by reason of the great sums which H. R. 12212. An act authorizing the Secretary of the Navy it has contributed to the reclamation fund, is entitled to just .treat­ to dispose of obsolete aeronautical equipment to accredited ment in the matter of Federal aid for irrigation development: Now schools, colleges, and universities ; therefore be it H. R. 12309. An act for the relief of the Bell Telephone Co. Resolred by the Senate of the State of Oregon (the House of Rep­ of Philadelphia, Pa., and the Illinois Bell Telephone Co. ; t·esentatives jointly concun-ing therein), That we, your memorial­ H. R.12852. An act authorizing the Secretary of the Navy ists, the Senate of the State of Oregon (the House of Representatives to accept on behalf of the United States title in fee simple to a concurring), respectfully ask that favorable action be taken upon certain strip of land and the construction of a bridge across said Senate bill 4627 by Congress in order that works on the Uma­ Archers Creek in South Carolina; tilla project may be undertaken at an early date and the great amount H. R. 12889. An act to relinquish the title of the United States of undeveloped power now going to waste may be finally utilized and to the land in the claim of Moses Steadham, situate in the the desert made to produce through reclamation which will be made county of Baldwin, State of Alabama; possible through the power development; be it further H. R. 12931. An act to provide for maintaining, promoting, ResoLved, That the secretary of state be, and he is hereby, directed and advertising the International Trade Exhibition; to transmit a copy of this memorial to the President of the Senate H. R. 13481. An act authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury and the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States to accept title for post-office site at Olyphant, Pa., with mineral and to each of our Senators and Representatives in Congr·ess. reservations ; Adopted by the senate January 26, 1927. H. R.14248. An act to amend the provision contained in the HARRY L. CORRETT, act approved March 3, 1915, provi'ding that the Chief of Naval President of the Senate. Operations, during the temporary absence of the Seci·etary and Concurred in by the house of representatives February 2, 1927. Assistant Secretary of the Navy, shall be next in succession to JOHN H. CARKIN, act as Secretary of the Navy; Speal~m· of the House. H. R.15537. An act to amend section 476 and section 4934 (Indorsed : Senate Joint Uemorial 6, introduced by Umatilla County of the Revised Statutes; delegation. Jno. P. Hunt, chief clerk. Filed Feb1·uary 4, 1927. Sam H. R. 15604. An act for the promotion of rifle practice A. Kozer, secretary of state. throughout the United States ; H. R. 15651. An act to encourage breeding of riding horses for UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Army purposes ; STATE OF OREGON, H. R. 15653. An act to furnish pubfic quarters, fuel, and OFFICE OF ~'HE SECRETARY OF STATE. light to certain civilian instructors in the United States Mili­ I , Sam A. Kozer, secretm·y of state of the State of Oregon and cus­ tary Academy ; todian of the seal of said State, do hereby certify that I have care­ H. R.15821. An act to revise the boundary of the Hawaii fully compared the annexed copy of Senate Joint Memorial No. 6 with National Park on the island of l\Iaui, in the Territory of the original thereof adopted by the Senate and House of Representa· Hawaii; tives of the Thirty-fourth Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon H. R. 15959. An act making appropriations for the Executive and filed in the office of the secretary of state of the State of Ore­ Office and sundry independent executive bureaus, boards, com- gon February 4, 1927, and that the same is a full, true, and complete / 332.0 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRU..illY 9 transcript tbet·efrom and of tbe whole thereof, togeth.er with all in­ ResoZ1:ea, That a copy of thi.s resolution be forthwith transmitt('d by

NATIONAL 8TATUA.llY HALL TABLE No. I.-Statues pruented by the States

Proceedings Proceedings in the House State Statue in the Senate of Represent· Congressional Globe and Record references atives

Rhode Island. __ _-___ ••... Nathanael Greene ______Jan. 20,1870 Jan. 31, 1870 Globe, 41st Cong., 2d sess., pt. 1, pp. 593-596, 921-925. Roger Williams ______Jan. 9,1872 Jan. 11,1872 Globe, 42d Cong., 2d sess., pt. 1, pp. 318-319, 362-372. Connecticut______---- Jonathan TrumbulL ______Mar. 8,1872 Apr. 29,1872 Globe, 42d Cong., 2d sess., pt. 2, pp. 1526-1529, 2899-2905. Roger Sherman ______do...... _____ do ______Do. New York ______~~g~~~ ~~~~g-s-iOil======c======Vermont._------Ethan Allen ______l June 10,1876 May 18,1876 Record, 44th Cong., lst sess., vol. 4, pt. 4, pp. 3738-3741, 3178-3183. Massachusetts ______John Winthrop._.------Dec. 19,1876 Dec. 19, 1876 Record, 44th Cong., 2d sess., vol. 5, pt. 1, pp. 197, 28D-284, 300-306. Samuel Adams ______T ____ do ______..... do ______Do. Maine____ ------William King______Jan. 22) 1878 Jan. 22,1878 Record, 45th Cong., 2d sess., vol. 7, pt. I, pp. 455-460, 469-471. Vermont._------ ______Jan. 31,1881 Feb. 15,1881 R ecord, .Wth Cong., 3d sess., vol. 11, pt. 2, pp. 1055-1056, 1609-1612. Pennsylvania. __ •. ____ .. J.P. G. Muhlenberg______1------Feb. 28,1889 Record, 50th Gong., 2d sess., vol. 20, pt. 3, pp. 2477-2481, 2577. Robert Fulton ______------_____ do ______Do. Ohio ______------.• -- James A. Garfield ______Jan. 5, Hi86 Jan. 19,1886 Record, 49th Cong., 1st sess., -vol.17, pt. 1, pp. 404-405, 762-767. William Allen ______------New Jersey ______Philip Kearny ______Aug. 21,1888 Aug. 21,1888 Record, 50th Cong., 1st sess., vol. 19, pt. 8, pp. 7225, 7325, 7763-7766, 7793-78{)1 Richard Stockton ...... ••••• _____ do ______do______Do_ Michigan______Lewis Cass ___ ------Feb. 18, 1889 Feb. 28, 1889 Record, 50th Cong., 2d sess., -vol. 20, pt. 2, p. 1017; -vol. 20, pt. 3, pp. 2001-2010, 2117, 2165, 2481-2488. Illinois ______James Shields ______Dec. 6,1893 Dec. 6,1893 Record, 53d Oong., 2d sess., vol. 26, pt. I, pp. 17, 32, 43, 58-61, 7B-82. New Hampshire....••.. John Stark______Dec. 20,1894 Dec. 20,1894 Record, 53d Cong., 3d sess., vol. 27, pt. 1, pp. 12, 252, 269, 361, 479-501, 516-531, 535. Daniel Webster------_____ do __ ----- _____ do ______Do. Wisconsin .••••••••••••• James Marquette •...••••••• Apr. 27,1896 Jan. 30,1904 Recor~ 52d Cong., 1st sess., vol. 23, pt. 2, p. 2015; pt. 3, p. 2970; pt. 4, pp. 3134, 3156. 52d uong., 2d sess., vol. 24, pt. 3, p. 2496. 53d Cong., 1st sess., vol. 25, pt. 1, p. 1278; pt. 2, pp. 2382t 2409, 2427; pt. 3, p. 2762. 54th Cong., 1st sess., vol. 28, pt. 5, pp. 4546-4552. 58tn Cong., 2d sess., vol. 38, pt. 2, pp. H21, 1446. indilSS."a nuna~---_-_-__--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_: Oliver P. Morton ______Mar. 24, 1900 Apr. 14, HJOO Record, 56th Cong., 1st sess., vol. 33, pt. 4, pp. 3274-3279; pt. 5, pp. 4189-4204. M 0 . Francis P. Blair______May 19,1000 Feb. 4,1899 Record, 55th Cong., 3d sess., vol. 32, pt. 1, p. 778; pt. 2, pp. 1461-1473. 56th Cong., 1st sess_, vol. 33, pt. 7, pp. 5747-5758. . Thomas H. Benton ...••...• _____ do ______do______Do. West Virginia .••••••••• John E. Kenna. ______------·------(Placed in National Statuary Hall, 1901; no action by Senate or House.) Francis H. Pierpont______------(Placed in National Statuary Hall, 1903; no action by Senate or llouse.) Maryland .••••••••.•• -. Chas. CarrolL ______Jan. 31,1903 Jan. 31,1903 Record, 57th Cong., 2d sess., \Ol. 36, pt. 1, pp. 409, 467-468; pt 2, pp. 1422, 1506-1519, 1541-1548. John Hanson ______do ______do ______Do. nlinois ______Frances E. Willard______Feb. 17,1905 Feb. 17,1905 Record, 58th Cong., 3d sess., vol. 39, pt. 1, pp. 730, 773, 958; pt. 2, p. 1078; pt. 3, pp. 2779-2785, 2801-2809, 2841, 2894. Kansas .••••.. ------John J. Ingalls •• ______------Jan. 21,1905 Record, 58th Cong., 3d sess., vol. 39, pt. 1, pp. 193, 369; pt. 2, pp. 1166-1173, 1179, 1202-1214. Texas.. ..••...•••••.•••. Sam Houston ______------Feb. 25,1905 ~rd, 58th Cong., 2d sess., vol. 38, pt. 5, pp. 4199, 4993. 58th Oong., 3d sess., vol. 39, pt. 2, p. 1156; pt. 4, pp. 3429-3450, 3464. Stephen F. Austin ______------_____ do ______Do. Alabama ..•••••• ______J. L. M. Curry______Apr. 6,1908 Feb. 15,1908 Record, 60th Cong., 1st sess., vol. 42, pt. 1, pp. 461, 468; vol. 42, pt. 3, pp. 2051, 2073, 2117; pt. 5, p. 4396.

TABLE No. 2.-Statttes pn~sentca by the States

State Height of Height of Height of Date of Name or statue Name of sculptor Cost pedestal base statue work

Ft. in. Inches Ft. in. Alabama. ....• ------.•••. ______•.. 1 . L. 1\.f. Curry______Roger Sherman ______DanteC. B. Ives Sodini______---····-···----__ ... ------2 7~ ~~ 6 ~0~ 1906 Connecticut...•••••••••••••••..•. _ $7,386.95 2 11~ 5 7 8}i 1872 Jonathan TrumbulL ______. ____ do_____ .. ___ • ___ ------.•.•••• _••••. George L. Shoup ______7,386. 95 3 0 4~ 7 su 1872 Idaho ••..•• ------•••.•••• ------. F. E. TriebeL------6, 000. ()() 4 8~ 6 7 0 1909 nlinois •••• ------•••..••••. ------James Shields~------L. W. Volk ...... ••.•••• ------·- 9,000.00 3 !)~ 5 6 8~ 1893 Frances E. Willard______Helen Farnsworth Mears ______9,000.00 3 5 6 1005 Oliver P. Morton ______su 6~ Indiana .•.•••• ____ •••••• ------C. H. Niehaus.------5,000.00 3 9 4 7 0~ 1899 Kansas ..•.. ------•.•. _.------John J. Ingalls.------. Franklin__ ..do ______Simmons ------______6,000. 00 3 9 4M 7 0~ 1004 Maine ___ ------William King_..•. ____ •••••. ______••.. 4,000.00 3 5~ 4~ 7 1~ 1877 Maryland ___ •••••.•.•.•••••.•.•••• Charles Carroll R.E. Brooks_._.------12,000.00 3 4~ 4~ 7 OSA( 1901 I.------..•..do ______. ____ •••• _...•••••• -----..• JohnSamuel Hanson Adams 1_. ______------12,000.00 3 4 4)4' 7 0;!.-.l 1901 Massachu...o::etts .•••••.•••• _•••• _•••• Annie Whitney_------11,712.23 3 0 3~ 7 3 1873 R. S. Greenough ______12,712.75 3 John Winthrop._.------D. 0. French ______0~ 7 1~ 1872 Lew:i Cass ____ . __ •••.•• ___ • ------_.- 9,848.13 3 6 5~ 7 27'2 1889 Alex. Doyle______.••. __ ._ .••••••••••• ~~~~:::::::::::::::::::======ThomasFrancis P.H. Bl Bentonair••...••••••••••••••.... ______6,000. 00 3 6 i~ 7 1 1899 ____ .do______------_------___ •• 6,000. 00 3 6 572 6 11~ 1899 New Hampshire_------John Stark _____ ------4, 484.11 3 4 4 6 1894 ____Carl .do Conrads_•. ______•..•••••••.•..••••• ------______• DanielRichard Webster'------Stockton ______4, 484.11 3 4 3~ 5 1~~ 1894 New Jersey.------H. K. Brown .•• ------8, 088.20 3 107'2 3)4' 6 5~ 1886 New York ______Philip Kearny~------_____ do ______------•.•.••• _••• _. 8,088. 20 2 107'2 3~ 6 3~ 1875 Robert R. Livingston~------E. D. Palmer------13,000. ()() 3 4 6 1 1874 George Clinton 1_ ------H. K. Brown •••• ·------12,500.00 3 lm 3 6 3~~ 1873 Ohio_.------.••.••• ------···· •. JamesWilliam A. Allen. Garfield. ______.••••••••••••...... C. H. Niehaus..••.•••••••••••• ·------9, 500.00 3 9U 5~ 6 10~ 1885 ·J. P. G. Muhlenberg______.....Blanchedo .. Nevin______------______9, 500.00 3 9){ 5)4' 6 118~ 1887 Pennsylvania._ •• ___ •••••.•.•••••. 7,500.00 3 3~ 4 6 2 1881 Robert Fulton.------··------Howard Roberts._ ••••••••••.••.•••••• 7, 500.00 (3) ------1881 1 Bronze statue. J Modeled from original by Thomas Ball. a Seated figure. 1927 CONGRESSIONAL R,ECOR,D-SENATE 3327 TaBLE No. 2.-Statues presented by the States-Continued

State Name of statue Name of sculptor Cost Height of Height of Height of Date of pedestal base statue work ------Rhode Island ______Ft. in. Inches Ft. in. Nathanael Greene .. =------H. K. Brown.------$8,566.00 3 1 3;i 6 7'2 1869 8, 566.00 3 11~ 47'2 6 4 1870 Te.xas .•.•.•. ___ -••• ---.--.------4, 500.00 3 7 531 5 87'2 1001 5, 000.00 Vermont_ ... __ • ____ . ______• Ethan Allen ______L. G.lYiead ______3 7 5 6 37'2 1904 f~¥!fl~~~~~======-~5~~~-~~======5,300. 00 2 4~ 4 8 1}{ 1875 Virginia ______. Jacob Oollamer ___ ------Preston Powers ... __ .------6, 081.25 2 11 37'2 6 6 1879 6, 000.00 4 3 li 6 2~ 1908 West Virginia ______John:.~t~!ot~::::::::::::::::::::::::: E. Kenna ______Alex.~e~~;gty~nv:.fe~?~~--~=:::::::::::::: Doyle ______10,000.00 4 2 4 6 2~ 1908 5,000. 00 3 6 5~ 7 1% 1901 8,000. 00 3 7 4~ 6 11~ 1903 Wisconsin ______... ------r:~~;iil!~~!ffe~~~-----======~~a~~~ll~~~~======8, 000. QO 3 107'2 5 7 1 1895

1 Bronze statue. 'Modeled after original in Richmond, Va.

Accessions to the statue• of Statuary Hall sz~bsequent to the compila-tion l\Ir. ·wATSON. The morning press carried a report in re­ by H. A. rale gard to the attitude of Great Britain on the question. Does the Senator know whether or not that is reliable and authen­ State Name of statue Name of sculptor tic, and just how far it goes? Mr. BORAH. No ; I am not authorized to state the exact Alabama ______Gen. Joe Wheeler.------Berthold Nebel. situation. Indeed, I do not know that there is any exact Arkansas ______Uriah M. Rose ______F. W. Ruckstull. Do ______James P. Clarke ______Pompeo Coppini. situation. But the indications are quite persuasive that the Florida ______.__ John Gorrie .... ------___ _ C. A. Pillars. 1·eport is accurate and that Great Britain will not accept the Do ______Kirby Smith ______Do. reservation. This will terminate the whole question, I am Georgia ______Dr. Crawford W. Long ______J. Massy Rhind. Indiana______Lew Wallace ______glad to say. Andrew 0 'Connor. Mr. WATSON. Up to the present time has any nation IowaDo ..... ______------James8. J. Kirkwood Harlan ... ______------__ Nellie V. Walker. Kansas ______George W. Glick ______Vinnie R. Hoxie. squarely and unequivocally refused to accept our reservations'! C. H. Niehaus. Mr. BORAH. Not that I know of. Michigan._------Zachariah Chandler ______Do. Minnesota______Henry M. Rice ... _____ ------F. E. Triebel. Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President, I concur in tile North Carolina ______Zebulon B. Vance ______Gutzon Borglum. suggestion just made by the chairman of the Foreign Relations Oklahoma _____ .. ------____ . Sequoyab ...... ---_----.-- .. Vinnie R. Hoxie. South Carolina______John C. Calhoun ______F. W. Ruckstnll. Committee. It would serve no useful purpose to revive now a discussion of the question as to whether or not the United BUREAU OF CUSTOMS AND BUREAU OF PROHIBITIO:N States shall enter the Permanent Court of International Jus­ tice. The inevitable result of the motion of the Senator from Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that Florida [Mr. TRAMMELL], should it prevail, would be to bring a night session of the Senate be held on Monday next, begin­ that subject back before the Senate to the exclUBion of many ning at 7.30 o'clock p. m., for the consideration of House matters involving legislation of imperative importance. I shall bill 10729, to create a bureau of customs and a bureau of pro­ oppose the resolution, and unless the Senator from Florida, in hibition in the Department of the Treasury. view of the conditions which exist, sees fit to withdraw his The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? motion I shall feel constrained to test the sense of the Senate Mr. McKELLAR. We could not hear the request of the by a motion to lay on the table the motion of the Senator from Senator over here. Florida. 1\lr. SMOOT. I requested that a night sessiUt, and a new bill inserted in the Senate, right, but I believe that in this case the object is to determine where in both bills there was 'fl section identical in language. what shall be done by the Secretary of Commerce in the one Now, let us see where we are. case and what shall be done by the commission in the other This is a proviso contained in each bill. It is not identical in the case. two bills- Mr. ·ovERMAN. We are giving the power to a commission Mr. PITTMAN. Not identical in the two bills. to legislate upon this matter, rather than to the House and Mr. CURTIS. He means that beyond a certain point it is not to the Senate, to determine whether in their opinion my State identical. shall. have certain rights. l\!1:. ROBINSON of AI·kansas. Mr. President, if the Senator Mr. CURTIS. I do not agree with the Senator. will permit me, the distinction between the two case~. which Mr. OVERMAN. The House and the Senate provided that the Senator has cited, is simply this: The decision which he is each State should have certain rights, and the Senator now citing in support of the Ohair's ruling rests at last upon the says that df.scretionary power is to be given to another body. proposition that the two provisions are not identical. An exam­ Is not that legislation? ination of the two provisions discloses how clearly that is true. Mr. CURTIS. That was the question at issue, and they Down to a certain point in a sentence the language is the agreed upon tl;l.e language found in their report as a substitute same, but after that in the same sentence the language is for the language in the two bills. changed. Mr. OVERMAN. They are attempting to strike out what I do not think a precedent of that nature, a precedent in both the House and the Senate provided-that each State which the language is admittedly different, can constitute a should have certain rights. precedent in this case. M.c. WATSO:N. Is not the Senator discussing the merits of Mr. CURTIS. If the Senator will kindly let me :finish-­ the proposition rather than the parliamentary situation? Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. I will refrain for the present. Mr. NORRIS. 1\Ir. President, will the Senator from NeT"ada Mr. CURTIS. The latter part of this ruling is what I want permit me to ask the Senator from Kansas a question? to stre's. 1\Ir. PITTMA.t~. I yield. Mr. NORRIS. I want to ask the Senator if it is not true This is a proviso contained in each bill. It is not identical in the that the only thing in dispute between the two Houses that was two bills at all, beyond the fact that each required the names of the left to conference in this disputed language was as to whether contractors and the amounts of partial or final settlements to be filed the power should be administered by a commission or whether with the House for the information of Congress. There it ends, so far it Rhould be admini tered by the Secretary of Commerce. ns the terms are identical in the two bills. After that, in the House Mr. CURTIS. I think so. bill it is to be printed in the Co:sGRESSIONAL RECORD or in the Official Mr. NORRIS. If that be true, that was the only thing of Bulletin or as a public document 10 days before confirmation and pay­ which the conference committee had any jurisdiction. ment is authorized upon such contract. The Chail· is inclined to think 1\Ir. OURTIS. One of the bills provided that the Depart­ that the important thing in the bill was the requirement that it be ment of Commerce should do certain things, and the other bill printed somewhere 10 days before confil'mation and payment. In the that a commission should do certain things. Therefore, when Senate bill it is to be printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD or as a the matter went to conference the question as to what either public document within 10 days after such confirmation. or both should do would be in conference. 'Ihe Chair thinks there was just about 20 days in controversy before l\Ir. NORRIS. I think the Senator is in error in this. What the conferees, and that they had a right to strike the proviso out. The should be done was not in dispute between the House and the Chair overrules the point of order. If Senators desire either provision Senate. As to whether the Secretary of Commerce should do retained, they can vote to reject the conference report for that reason. it or the commission should do it was in dispute and was (CO!\'GRESSIONAL RECORD, pp. 4412, 44.13.) .) properly submHted to the conferees. But one of the main The Chair clearly held that where the language was identical things was tbat each State had the right to one of those sta­ except as to the days the point at issue was the number of tions. Both Houses agreed to that. One said it should be days t;pe publication should be made. The point I make in this administered by the Secretary of Commerce and the other said case is that the question at issue is that in the bill which passed it should be administered by a commission. The conferees the House the power was given to. the Secretary of Commerce had a right to decide as between those two methods, but they and not to a commission, and in the bill which passed the had no right, it seems to me, to take out of the bill a material Senate the power was given to the commission and not to the proposition, which was that e\ery State had the right to one Secretary of Oommerce, and I thi,nk the Chair was right in his station. Under the bill as reported by the conferees it is ad­ 1'uli1lg. mitted that they do not have that right. Mr. OVERl\IA.N. Mr. President, may I ask the Senator a Mr. PITTMAN. The change the conferees made with regard que tion? to who should administer it does not make it unadministerable Mr. CURTIS. Certainly, at all. Mr. OVERMAN. I see this provision in both bills: Mr. NORRIS. Certainly not. 3332 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE F~BRUARY 9 Mr. DILL. I want to call attention to the fact that the Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Yes; but that is not even a powers given the commission and the powers given the Secre­ complete sentence. The Senator from Kansas is too good n tary of Commerce are not identical. It just happens that the lawyer or, at least, too good a Senator to make the contention part picked out by the Senator from Nevada is identical, but that the matter agreed to, using the· language of Rule XXVII, the general powers are different. The Sennte added certain was the same in both places. powers which the House did not give. Mr. CURTIS. One was under the Department of Commerce Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. "~ill the Senator from Ne­ and the other under the commission, and that was the only Yada yield to me? question in dispute, instead of the item referred to. Mr. PIT-TMAN. I yield. Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. I 1.mder tand that, and it was Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President, I am anxious entirely competent, that being a question in dispute, for the to see the legislation disposed of, but I think it is important conferees to vest the jurisdiction either in the commission or in that we should determine what is the correct rule in such the Secretary of Commerce or in some independent authority cases as that now before the Senate. Some Senators present if they could not agree upon which one of the two mentioned will recall that when the rule was first adopted or shortly should have the jurisdiction. But failing to do that they have after its adoption I took the position that when the Senate, no right under Rule XXVII, ·as it has been uniformly construed, for instance, by a single amendment in the nature of a substi­ to strike out a section or paragraph which was contained in tute, struck out all after the enacting clause in a House bill both bills, because by every fair rule of construction that con­ and inf!erted new language, notwithstanding the fact that stitutes matter agreed upon by both Houses. there may have been provisions alike in the House bill and Let me show how inconsistent is the position taken by the in the Senate bill, the conferees acquired jurisdiction of the Senator from Kansas. He read an opinion dated February 27, whole subject matter. That was debated here at great length 1919, by Vice President Marshall, in which the Yice President and the Senate, in the precedent referred to by the Vice quoted the lan~uage in the two bills. A simple reading of the President and quoted by the Senator from Kansas, held that language shows that there was not only a literal difference but if any matter in the House bill was identical with any matter a substantial difference in the two provisions, although some in the Senate bill, the conferees did not have power to strike identical words were found in both provisions. The first provi­ it out. sion was: I have not had an opporttmity to look up the precedents, And p1·ovided ftwthe,·J That the names of such contractors and the but I recall from memory that time and again that decision amounts of such parti.al or final settlements shall be filed with the has been reached. In every case where a provision in the Clerk of the House, for the information of Congress, aud printed in the Senate bill was identical with a provision in the House bill, it CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD or in the Officlat Bulletin or as a public docu­ has uniformly been held that the conferees could not eliminate ment 10 days before confirmation and payment is authorized upon such that provision unle s the precedent cited by the Senator from contracts. Kansas constitutes a fair precedent to that effect. Now, Mr. President, I agree with the Senator from Nebraska The provision which passed the Senate on that subject was, [Mr. NORRIS] that paragraph (d), which was in both bills, is as follows: a substantial provision, in identical language in both bills, Pr01:ided further) That the nsmes of such contractors and the and for that reason the conferees exceeded their authority amounts of such partial or final settlements shall be filed with the when they struck it out of the conference report. The subject Clerk of the House, for the information of the Congress, and printed matter, which was in disagreement as to that paragraph, was in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD or as a public document within 10 days not what shall be done, but by whom it shall be done. It was after such conformation. entirely competent for the conferees to say that either the Secretary of Commerce or the commission, or, instead of either The Senate omitted a very material portion of the provision of them, some other authority, might apply paragraph (d), as it was carried in the bill, namely, "and payment is author­ but paragraph (d) being in both bills, it could not be elimi­ ized upon such contract." Is tltere a lawyer who hears me who will contend that those two provisions constituted matter agreed nated. upon by the two Houses in spite of the fact that there was a The whole section hinges on the construction to be placed on substantia~ difference not only in the language, but in the legal Rule XXVII and particularly the words "matter agreed to effect and purpose of the two provisions? by both Houses." That does not say "section" or "clause" In making the decision cited by the Senator from Kansas, the or ''paragraph." It becomes necessary to determine what is Vice President cited a case to a contrary conclusion which is meant by the words "matter agreed to by both Houses." Cer­ an identical precedent in this case and it follows that the logic tainly the Vice President was right in the case cited by the of the Vice President's position even in the case cited by the Senator from Kansas, where the two provisions were dissimilar Senator from Kansas was in support of the point of order made and noticeably dissimilar, because they did not constitute in this case. Let me read it: matter agreed to by both Houses, and therefore did not bring the subject within the rule which was invoked. As heretofore stated, however, the Chair, being extremely desirous of Mr. CURTIS. They were identical down to the words- sustaining this rule of the Senate, did sustain a point of order under circumstances of a bill enacted by the House, all after the enacting ot· as a public document 10 days before confirmation and payment is authorized upon such contracts. clause stricken out, and a new bill inserted in the Senate, where, in both bills, there was a section identical in language. Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. That is true; but will the Senator or anyone else contend that the mere existence of two In view of the precedent cited by the Senator from Kansas, I words or three words in a paragraph or section would entitle submit that his first conviction, the one which he announced the Senator to invoke Rule XXVII? Certainly not. The point yesterday that the ruling of the Chair was erroneous, is justilleu I am making is that if we read the matter as a whole, it was and sustained, and his mature conclusion is unjustified and can different in the two bills, and it was upon that difference that not be sustained even by the precedents which he himself has the Vice President actually hung his ruling, and his decision cited. · was clearly correct. Mr. WATSON. 1\Ir. President-- Mr. PITTMAN. Before the Senator leaves that point let me The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. BRATTON in the chair). say that the conferees would have to adopt the language either Does the Senator from Nevada yield to the Senator from In­ in the Senate bill or the House bill on that proposition, because diana? they could not adopt both ; that is a sure thing.. If they could 1\Ir. PITTMAN. I yield for a question. not agree on the language in the Senate bill and if they could 1\Ir. WATSON. I did not desire to ask a question. I wanted not agree on the language in the House bill, they would have to to make some brief observations. write another section which would embody the intent of both 1\Ir. PITTMAN. I shall try to finish in a few moments, unless Houses as nearly as they could compromise on it. That is some one else attempts to take the floor in my time. what is meant by the proposition that when they substitute for I wish to call attention to the fact that the alleged difference a House bill a Senate bill all differences are bound to be in in the two bills, as to whether the commission or the Secretary conference. But it is only the differences that are in conference. of Commerce should protect these rights, did not seem to go\­ Mr. CURTIS. But in this case the language was- ern as to other articles in the two bills. There were other articles in the two bills which were identical. This i ~ a \ery that the names of such contractors and the amounts of such partial peculiar situation. They let paragraph (d) go out, but when or final settlements shall be filed with the Clerk of the House for the they came down to paragraph (e), to regulate the purity and information of Congress and printed in the CO!I!GRESSIONAL RECORD or sharpness of emissions from each station ancl the apparntu·; in the Official Bulletin. therein, they did not find any difficulty in keeping that in. The Senator will agree that clown to that point the language When they came clown to paragraph (f) to establish area.· or is identical. zones to be served by any given station, which was identical in 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3333 both bills, they did not find any difficulty in keeping that in the the language of one bill or the other or rewrite the language. bill. When they got down to (g) establishing a time for the However, when language in both bills is identical, there is noth­ inspection of licensed stations and their apparatus, they did not ing for the conferees to do with regard to it. have any difficulty in keeping that in, because that was the The general principles governing the action of conferees were same in both bills. violated to such an extent in this body that in 1918 we adopted Mr. SMITH. They changed the power that was to adminis­ a specific rule governing the action of conferees in such cases. ter it. It was in question as to who should administer it, but If we are to construe that rule out of existence, we ought to they retained the identical language that should be administered, know it. Mr. PITTl\IAN. Yes. The thing they struck out of the Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President, let me ask the bill on the excuse that the bill differed as to whether the Senator what would be the effect of the provision of Rule Secretary of Commerce or the commission should regulate it XXVII which has application to this controversy if the pres­ was paragraph (d), which guaranteed rights to every State; ent ruling should be sustained? but they did not strike out (e), which was the same in both Mr. PITTMAN. It would mean, sir, that this body never bills ; or (f) , which was the same in both bills ; or (g) , which could redraft a House bill; it would mean that if we saw fit to was the same in both bills. - . redraft the language of a House bill and offer it as a substitute It is strange that a Senator can get up and argue that it is so as to improve the language, we would throw open the door necessary to strike out paragraph (d) because there was a to having the conferees wl'ite any kind of a bill they wanted difference between the two bills as to whether a commission to write. To hold that they can not only strike out of a bill or the Secretary of Commerce should grant licenses, and yet provisions that are identical in both bills but can strike out he does not find any trouble at all with regard to the other provisions that guarantee to the States rights that are not sections. guaranteed by the measure written by the conferees means Mr. President, I am about to close. I merely wish to add that we are again to surrender to the conferees the right to that a great deal of confusion has arisen as to the effect on legislate. It is totally indefensible. parliamentary rules of pursuing the practice of substituting It does not amount to so much in this instance. If it in­ a Senate bill for a House bill. The two bills may agree en­ volved solely this bill, I would not take such a serious interest tirely on the purpose sought to be attained. The House sends in it. There is no question but that the bill will go back to a bill over here and we may agree with every section of it in conference, and the conferees will put back that section, and it purpose, but there is pride of opinion as to language in each will come back here; but the decision on this question is of body. So the committee of the Senate rewrites the whole bill vital importance. We can not stand here and deliberately and in different language. It goes back to the other House. If seriously give a construction to a rule unless we mean to the language in the Senate bill is different in every particular stand by it. We can not afford to take these rules and work from the language in the House bill, there are only three ways them first one way and then the other way for the sake of in which to effect an agreement in conference: To adopt the expediency. I am not one of those who believe in throwing language of the House bill, to adopt the language of the Senate down the rules of the Senate. I think we have nearly rules bill in conference~ or to rewrite the language. That is evi­ enough. I do not agree with some that we should have more dent. The language of the bill had to be rewritten in the case stringent rules in this body. · cited by the Senator from Kansas [Mr. CURTIS], because the I do not see what good .more stringent rules would do or language was different. We can not adopt the language of what good any rules would do if we are not going to uphold both bills when the language of the two is different; and them. It is far more important to those who are worried theref01·e, when a measure goes to conference wherever the about the rules of the Senate that they uphold the rules we language of the two bills is different, the entire subject matter have than that they seek additional rules. is in conference in the very nature of the case. If, on the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is, Shall the other hand, we had adopted the House radio bill as· the basis ruling of the Vice President made· on yesterday stand as the of our amendments, what would have been the result? There judgment of the Senate? would have been nothing in conference except the Senate Mr. JONES of Washington. Mr. President, I wish to say a amendments, because both Houses would have agreed on the few words. I wanted to sustain the conference report-- remainder of the text. The same principle applies when we Mr. PITTMAN. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a substitute an entirely new bill. quorum. We are going to vote in a few minutes, anyway. The only thing for the conferees to do is to harmonize the Mr. JONES of Washingotn. Will not the Senator withhold difference in language or the difference of purpose. If the his point for a few moments? Senate substitute bill adopts all of the language except one The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Ne­ paragraph of the House bill, there is nothing to do except to v-ada withdraw his point of no quorum? consider the language of that one paragraph, just the same as Mr. PITTMAN. I. suggest the absence of a quorum. I want if we should take the House bill and add one paragraph to the Senator from Washington to be heard. He was one of it in the Senate, no one could contend that there would be those who participated in the debate on the adoption of the anything in conference except the change we had added to the rule. It is too serious a matter to be put off. House bill. So there can not be anything in conference in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The absence of a quorum this instance except the changes made by the Senate in the being suggested, the clerk will call the roll. House bill. The legislative clerk called the roll, and the following Sena­ I wish to read into the RECORD at this point in justice to tors answered to their names : the Vice President the ground of his ruling. We have every­ Ashurst Frazier Lenroot Schall thing else in the REcoRD, and I think that also should be in the Bayard Gerry McMaster Sheppard RECORD. In making the ruling on yesterday, the Vice President Borah Gillett McNary Shipstead stated: Bratton Glass Metcalf Shortridge Broussard Goff Moses Smith The Chair would remark that when the amendment of the Senate is Bruce Gooding Neely Smoot a new bill in the nature of a substitute instead of varioul!l amendments Cameron Gould Norri.s Steck Capper Hale Nye Stephens to different parts of the bill, the whole status of conference is changed Caraway Harreld Oddie Stewart under the precedents. Under the line of argument which the Chair Copeland Harris Overman Trammell followed the other day in holding that new matter when germane could Couzens Harrison Peppe-r Tyson be put in as an amendment under those circumstances, he would seem Curtis Hawes Phipps Underwood Dale Heflin Pine Wadsworth to be justified now in overruling the point of order. The status of Deneen Howell . Pittman Walsh, Mass. conference being changed where the Senate substitutes a bill as an Dill .Jones, Wash. Ransdell Walsh, Mont. amendment, the precedents in effect hold that the restrictions of Rule Edwards Kendrick Reed, Pa. Warren Ernst Keyes Robinson, Ark. Watson XVII, paragraph 2, do not apply, and he so rules. The point of order 'Wheeler is not well taken. ~~~~is ~~ollette ~~;~~~~n, Ind. Willis It seems strange that the duties of the conferees should The PRESIDING OFFICER. Seventy-six Senators having change. Eve1·yone knows that the purpose of a conference is to answered to their names, a quorum is present. bring together the two Houses on their disagreeing votes, and Mr. JONES of Washington. Mr. President, I want to see nothing else. Whether that disagreement is shown by amend­ this legislation enacted. I had hoped that we would be able ments to a House bill or by a new bill of the Senate as a sub­ to get a vote on this conference report. I have studied the stitute, the same authority and the same duties devolve on the question raised with a desire to sustain the Chair; but I can conferees. As a general thing, the language is different when not get the consent of my mind to do it, taking into consider­ a new bill is substituted. and, of course, wherever there is a ation the importance and the purpose of the rule that is difference in language that difference is in conference, in the invoked. I desire to state, just briefly, my reasons for not nature of things, because the conferees have got to adopt being able to vote to sustain the de<$ion of the Chair. 3334 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 9 I do not think the decision of the Chair in the broad lan­ and in no case, in my judgment, is the following of a rule more guage in which it was announced should be sustained under important than in connection with conference reports. The any circumstances. If that is the rule of the Senate, then abuses that grew up, as I said a moment ago, led to the adop­ whenever the Senate takes a House bill and strikes out all tion of this rule, and, much as I ~ant to see this legislation after the enacting clause and puts in a new bill, the conferees passed, and passed quickly, I think it would be very unfortu­ can write any legislation that they see fit that is germane to nate if we should break down this rule that was adopted for the subject matter under consideration. They can write a new the protection of the Senate itself and in the interest of the bill and our only recourse is to reject the report on the merits .careful and proper consideration of legislation by this body. or adopt it without the chance to amend it. Mr. LENROOT. Mr. President, I think I have insisted as One of the prime purposes of the rule that was presented by often as any Senator upon this floor upon the strict observance the Senator from Kansas [Mr. CURTIS], which is known as the of what is known as the Curtis rule, and I concur with the Curtis rule, was to pre-.ent conferees from doing this very view of the Senator from Washington [Mr. JoNES] that the thing. It was designed to pre-.ent conferees from taking matter ruling as laid down by the Chair in sustaining this point of that had been accepted by both Houses and substituting for it order is broader than the Curtis rule justifies. I believe that matter of their own. If the broad language used by the Vice under the existing rule, even though the Senate adopts an President is adopted as the rule of the Senate, there is no amendment in the form of a substitute for a House bill, the limit upon the power of conferees in dealing with legislation conferees are confined to the rna tter actually in difference be­ under those circumstances. So it seems to me that if we ap­ tween the two Houses. But, Mr. President, the question is, prove the ruling of the Vice President, we practically nullify What is the matter in difference between the two Houses with the rule that the Senate adopted for the specific purpose of respect to this bill? preventing conferees from doing away with what has been It is assumed by the Senator from Washington [Mr. JoNEs], agreed to by both Houses and substituting something that they the Senator from Nevada [Mr. PITTMAN], and other Senators think ought to be adopted in place of it. who are opposed to the ruling of the Chair that both Houses I had hoped, however, that I could sustain the ruling of the have agreed that certain powers shall be exercised by some­ Chair upon the ground that the conferees had not invaded the body and that the only difference between them is as to the rule, that they had not violated the purpose of the rule; but, agency which shall exercise the powers.· If I could accept that as I study the question, it seems to me clear that the rule has construction, I should agree with the Senator from Washington been violated. As has already been pointed out, the House and the Senator from Nevada. But, Mr. President, it seems to provided in its bill in substance that each State should have me that the matter in difference between the two Houses is as a wave length. This bill provided that this should be done to the powers that shall be exercised in the one case by the under the Secretary of Commerce. The Senate, in exactly the Secretary of Commerce and in the other by the commission. same language as used by the House, provided also that each The two.Houses never have come to an agreement that these State should have a wave length. It provided for this under powers shall be exercised by any other body than the one desig­ a commission instead of under the Secretary. The only differ­ nated in the respective bills. ence is as to whether we shall have a commission or whether Mr. JONES of Washington. Mr. President, will the Senator we shall have a Secretary deal with the matter. There is no yield for a question? difference between the two Houses as to whether or not a State Mr. LENROOT. Yes. should have a wave length. That is a very important matter. Mr. JONES of Washington. I do not consider that it is a That is substantial matter within the terms of the rule. Each question of the exercise of a power. As I understand, the House declared that each State should have a wave length in House said that each State shall have a wave length, and the the very same words. Senate said that each State shall have a wave length. The conferees have not given each State a wave length. The Mr. LENROOT. If it had said that so that that provision conferees have placed this matter within the discretion of the could stand alone, if the whole question of powers of commis­ supervising agency. They have sought to deal with the matter sion and Secretary could be stricken from the bill, then I would in a way; and in section 9 it is provided, as was read by the agree with the Senator, of course; but that is not so. The whole matter is one of powers of the Secretary or of the com­ Senator from Kansas: mission, because subsection (d) in the House bill provides that In considering applications for licenses and renewals of licenses, when the Secretary of Commerce shall determine, and subsection (d) and in so far as there is a demand for the same, the licensing authority in the Senate bill provides that the commission shall determine-­ shall make such a distribution of licenses, bands of frequency or wave what? lengths, periods of time for operation, and of power among the different The location of classes of stations or individual stations (with due States and communities as to give fair, efficient, and equitable radio consideration of the right of each State to have allocated to it)- service to each of the same. And so forth. There is no conferring of a definite right upon Under that provision, however, it is entirely within the dis- each State. It all goes to a power to be exercised. cretion of the body that has the administration of this act as Mr. DILL. Mr. President, may I suggest also that in the to whether or not the State has a wave length, and substan- Senate bill the powers granted to the commission are different tially changes the position of the House and of the Senate. from the powers granted by the House bill. There are amend- Mr. President, I think this rule is a very vital one. We are ments to the House pronsion. not acting under the rules of the other House. We are not Mr. LENROOT. I was coming to that. acting under the precedents that were established under the Now, what has happened? The House has said that the rules of the ?onse or under the old rules of the Senate or under Secretary of Commerce shall exercise certain powers with gen~ral parhamentary law; but, for the very purpose ?f cor-~ reference to radio regulation. The Honse has not said that reeling abuses that had grown up under those rules •. th1s n~w those powers shall exist irrespective of the Secretary of Com­ rule was adopted by the Senate to control the actwn of Its merce. The Senate has said that this commission shall exer­ conferees: and in this rule we said that no matter that has been cise certain powers; and it so happens that the Senate has agreed to by both Houses shall be left out of the report. In said in some particulars that the commission shall exercise other words, if the conferees leave it out, the conference report the same powers that the House has said should be exercised is subject to a point of order. by the Secretary of Commerce. There never has been, however, This is a very substantial matter. If the conferees can elimi- any meeting of the minds of the two Houses upon the question nate the matter they have eliminated by this report, there is no of powers. The difference between the two Hou es is wholly limit on their power. It was qeemed of such importance by in the one case as to the powers exercised by the Secretary of both Houses that each State should have a wave length that Commerce and in the other as to the powers exercised by the each House declared that each State should have it in identi- commission; and, they never having agreed that certain powers cally the same words. The conferees have left that out. No shall be exercised independently of these two bodies it would State is assured of a wave length. The declared will of each be perfectly competent to amend the Senate provision with House is nullified. It is clear to me that under the rule of the reference to powers or the House provision with reference to Senate this conference report is subject to the point of order, powers with any amendment that would be germane. and that we must so determine unless we are going to do away In other words, none of the text with relation to powers has with or practically nullify the rule that the Senate adopted to actually been agreed upon between the two Houses. The House protect itself with reference to conference reports. has said: "We propose to confer certain powers upon the Mr. President, I know that we are frequently very liberal Secretary of Commerce." The Senate has said: "We propose about points of order. The Senate is a rule to itself in almost to confer certain powers upon the commission." all these cases; but where the Senate has adopted a specific Mr. JONES of Washington. Mr. President-- l'ule for directing its proceedings we should follow that rule; Mr. LENROOT. I yield. 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3335: 1\Ir. JONES of Washington. But has not the Senate said: casting station. The bill which passed the House provided that " So far as this particular rna tter is concerned, we will confer the matter should be under the control of the Secretary of exactly the same powers upon the commission as the House Commerce, and the bill which passed the Senate provided that has conferred upon the Secretary of Commerce " ? it should be under the control of a commission. Mr. LENROOT. No; certainly not-not as I read the lan­ The vital thing, in my judgment, is not so much as to who guage. The House has said: "We confer power upon the s·ecre­ shall control it but as to whether we shall retain in the tary of Commerce to determine the location of classes of sta­ measure something that was put in as a matter of right both tions or of individuals." That is the subject matter of this by the House and by the Senate. pru.'agraph-the power of the Secretary of Commerce--and then, Suppose a bill had passed the House providing for the i.n brackets, "with due consideration of the right of each erection of a public building and the House had provided that State," and so forth; but it does not confer the right upon it should be constructed by the Secretary of Commerce ; then each State. He must give consideration to that fact; that is the bill would come to the Senate, and suppose we left the true ; and it is a power that is conferred upon the Secretary language as it was, except that we provided that the building of Commerce. The Senate has said: "We confer certain should be erected and controlled by the Secretary of the Treas­ powers upon the commission," and it is true that it is in the ury, and in that form the bill went to conference. What would same language. be in conference? The question would be, not whether we were Mr. JONES of Washington. And they are the very sam·e going to have a building or not, because that had been tlecided, powers. that was in both bills, but the question would be as to who 1\ir. LENROOT. Grant that they are: The Senate might should build it, the Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary well have said-and certainly from a parliamentary stand­ of Commerce. point there can be no question about it-" We are willing to We find a provision in both these bills that every State confer these powers upon a commission, but we are not willing should have a broad~asting station, under the control, the to confer any of them upon the Secretary of Commerce." The House provides, of the Secretary of Commerce, and under the Hous·e has said: "We are willing to confer these identical control of a commission, according to the Senate. The matter powers upon the Secretary of Commerce, but we are not willing in conference is not whether each State shall have a broadcast­ to confer any of them upon a commission." ing station, but as to who is to put it in and look after it after Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President, if the Senator it is in. That is the only thing the conference had any power will yield, both Houses, however, hav'e said that the power to deal with. The conferees were prohibited absolutely, under should be conferred. general parliamentari¥ law, even without this rule, from tak­ Mr. LENROOT. No; they have. not. That was the point. · ing out of both bills a provision to which each House had Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Therefore, the only question agreed. For the reasons I have stated it seems to me that remaining in conference is, Upon whom shall it be conferred? the bill ought to go back to conference. Mr. LENROOT. When the Senator was out I stated that if I have debated the matter perhaps longer than I should this is to be construed as an agreement by both Houses that have and now, out of deference to the Senator from Washing­ certain powers should be conferred upon some body, then I ton, I shall yield the floor, although there were other things I would agree with the Senator; but my contention is that they desired to say. have not so agreed. One House has agreed that certain powers Mr. DILL. Mr. President, I move to lay the appeal on the shall be conferred upon Qne agency and the other House has table, and on that I ask for the yeas and nays. agreed that like powers shall be confer:~;:ed upon another agency. The yeas and nays were ordered. There has never been any meeting of the minds of the two The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll, and Mr. Houses upon the question of powers. So, to my mind, it was AsHURST answered in the affirmative. open to the conferees to strike out any paragraph with rela­ Mi. PITTMAN. Mr. President, as this is not a straight vote tion to these powers, and to agree th~t the Secretary of Com­ on the report but is on a motion to lay on the table, I think the merce might exerclse ce!:tain powers, or that the commission Chair should state the parliamentary situation. might exercise certain powers, and I do not believe the con­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The question is on the motion of ferees have exceeded their jurisdiction. the Senator from Washington [Mr. DILL] to lay on the table Mr. NORRIS rose. the appeal from the decision of the Chair. Mr. DILL. Mr. President, I am very anxious to get a vote Mr. HEFLIN. As I understand it, the Chair held that the on this matter, and therefore, unless the Senator from Nebraska conferees had the right to make the changes they did make. has something he is very anxious to say, I want to move to lay The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair has so held. the appeal on the table. Mr. PITTMAN. Mr. President, a parliamentary inquiry. Mr. NORRIS. Mr. President, I will not take the time of the The question is on the motion to table the appeal, is it not? Senate for more than a few minutes. The VICE PRESIDENT. It is. A vote "yea" will be to Mr. DILL. I simply want to get a vote before 2 o'clock. sustain the Chair, and a vote "nay" will be to overrule the M!. NORRIS. Is the matter in such a parliamen~ry shape decision of the Chair. that the Senator must dispose of it before 2 o'clock? Mr. DILL. At 2 o'clock the farm relief bill will come before Mr. HOWELL. I suggest the absence of a quorum. the Senate. Tbe VICE PRESIDENT. The roll call had commenced, and Mr. NO;RRIS. I want to say just a word about the im­ the clerk will proceed with the roll call. portance of this matter. We must not pass it over with the The legislative clerk resumed the calling of the roll. idea that it is an unimportant proposition, because one of the Mr. FLETCHER (when his name was called). I ha-'le a gen­ dangers of the times in legislative matters is legislation by eral pair with the junior Senator from Delaware [Mr. nu PoNT], conference committees in secret. We must not get the idea which I transfer to the senior Senator from Missouri [Mr. that because of an emergency we ought to do something hur­ REED], and vote "nay." riedly, which might be a mistake that would come home to Mr. SHEPPARD (when Mr. MAYFIELD's name was called). trouble us. The junior Senator fl'om Texas [Mr. MAYFIELD] is unavoidably detained on account of illness.. He has a pair on this vote with The object of the r~le under consideration was to take away from conference committees rights which neither the tbe junior Senator from Connecticut [:Mr. BINGHAM]. House nor the Senate wanted to delegate to conference com­ Mr. NYE (when his name was called). I have a pair on this mittees. There is involved in thil;l question no disrespect of question with the senior Senator from New Mexico [Mr. JoNES], the conference committee on the measure under consideration, who is absent on account of illness. I transfer that pair to the because I think all of us realize how the Senator from Wash­ senior Senator from South Dakota [1\fr. NoRBECK] and vote ington, in charge of the bill, has given earnest and able effort "nay." to bring about legislation. I am in entire sympathy with him. Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas (when the name of Mr. REED of I have followed him all through until this conference report Missouri was called). The ·senator from Missouri [Mr. REED] was brought in, and I originally intended to vote for the re­ is necessarily detained from the Senate. port, but upon examination I found so many instances where Mr. OVERMAN (wben 1\fr. SIMMONs's name was called). it seemed that fundamental thingl3 were stricken out of the bill l\iy colleague [Mr. SIMMONS] is absent on account of sickness. which bad J)assed the Senate, that I t:eached the conclusion He is paired with the senior Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. that I should take a chance on the Senator being able to go HARRELD]. back to confere~ce and bring us another report before we The roll call was concluded. adjourn. Mr. HARRELD. I have a general pair with the senio 1~ Sena­ Now we come to this point: A fundamental thing was in­ tor from North Carolina [Mr. SIMMONS], which I transfer to the cluded in the bill which passed the House which was restated senior Senator from 1\Iaryland [Mr. WELLER], and vote "yea." in the bill which passed the Senate. It was provided in each Mr. HARRISON (after halin6 voted in the negati\-e). I bill that every State should be entitled to at least one broad- have a pair on this question with the senior Senator fi·om Xew 3336 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--SENATE FEBRUARY 9 Jersey [Mr. EooE]. In his absence I transfer that pair to the ties bring people to a realization of truth they will learn in junior Senator from South Carolina [Mr. BLEASE] and vote no other way. So if, out of the great crisis that has over­ "nay." whelmed agriculture in the last few years, the farmers of the 1\lr. WATSON (after having voted in the affirmative). I country can learn that this is the age of organization and have a pair with the senior Senator from Virginia [Mr. SWAN­ combination, that capital and labor are thoroughly ()rganized soN], who is absent. I am informed that I am at liberty to in every part of the country, and that organization can only vote on this question, however, and I therefore permit my vote be met by organization, then the hardships, privations, and to stand, great losses the farmers have suffered in the last few· year~ The result was announced-yeas 41, nays 34, as follows: will not have been in vain. YEA.S-41 But, Mr. President, we might just as well talk about organiz­ Ashurst F ess Met calf Smoot ing the wind as to talk about organizing 6,500,000 farmer~ Bayard Gillett Moses Steck scattered throughout 48 States of the Union-as to try and Bruce Goff Oddie Stewart Cameron Gooding Pepper Wadsworth organize into one organization the American farmer without Cappet· H ale Phipps Walsh, Mass. legislation. The bill provides the legislation for an organiza~ Curtis Harreld Pine Warren tion of the America farmers in a simple and effective manner, Dale Hawes Reed, Pa. Watson Deneen Kendrick Robinson, Ind. Willis and I believe it is clearly the duty of Congress to enact legis­ Dill Keyes Sa ckett lation that will make possible a farm organization for the Ernst L en root Schall Ferris McNary Shortridge marketing of farm products in an orderly and intelligent man­ N.AYS-34 ner, for this Government is responsible in a large measure for Borah Harris Neel:v Smith the deplorable conditions of the American farmer, for through Broussard Harrison Norris Stephens legislation that was thought essential during the war and Cat·away Heflin Nye Trammell soon after the war, all of the economic relationships that Copeland Howell Overman Tyson Couzens Jones, Wash. Pit tman Underwood existed between agriculture, industry, and labor have been Edwards King Ransdell Walsh, Mont. destroyed. Mr. President, I shall have no trouble in showing Fletcher La Follette Robinson, Ark. Wheeler that this Government through legislation enacted during the Frazier McKellar Sheppard Gerry McMaster Shipstead war and soon after the war and the administration of that NOT VOTING-20 legislation is responsible for the hardships, privations, and Bingham George Jones, N.Mex. Reed, 1\Io. great losses agriculture has sustained since 1920. Blease Glass McLean Simmons Before the war the prosperity of the great industries meant Bratton Gould Mayfield • Stanfield du Pont Greene Means Swanson the prosperity of agriculture, and the prosperity of agricul­ Edge Johnson Norbeck Weller ture meant the pro&'Perity of the great industries, and to that So the appeal from the decision of the Chair was laid on the rule there was no exception. This is the first time in the table. history of the Government that agriculture has been de­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The hour of 2 o'clock having ar­ moralized and thrown into bankruptcy and suffered great rived, the Chair lays before the Senate the unfinished business, losses that can only be measured by billions of dollars, while Senate bill 4808. the great industries have enjoyed an era of prosperity never Mr. l\1cNARY obtained the floor. dreamed of before, and labor has been fully employed at the Mr. DILL. l\1r. President, will the Senator from Oregon highest wage since the dawn of civilization. yield to me long enough to submit a unanimous-consent request The first hard times or panic that came to this country after for a time to vote on the radio conference report? . the Constitution was adopted was the panic of 1816, and then l\fr. PITTMAN. I will state that I shall object to it, so as came the panic of 1832, which lasted until 1840. Then came the to save time. panic of the late forties, which was followed by the panic of 1\fr. PEPPER. Mr. President, will the Senator from Oregon 1856 and 1857, and then came the panics of 1873 and 1893. In yield to me? all of those great panics agriculture, industry, and labor all Mr. McNARY. I yield. went down in one great crash together, and to that rule there is no exception. NATIONAL BANK BRANCHES I can remember something of the panic of 1873 and I can Mr. PEPPER. 1\fr. President, I desire to propose a unani­ remember all about the panic of 1893. In that great panic the mous-consent agreement with reference to a vote on the pending country witnessed 60,000 commercial failures, with liabilities of motion concerning House bill No. 2, the banking bill. I send it more than a billion dollars ; railroads with mileage enough to to the desk and ask that it may be read. reach twice around the earth could not meet their obligations The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will read the proposed and were forced into the hands of a receiver ; free soup houses unanimous-consent agreement. had to be established in all of the great cities of the country to The legislative clerk read as follows: prevent death from starvation. Agriculture was demoralized. Ordered, by ttnanimous consent, That on the calendar day of Mon­ Then we saw prosperity return, and agriculture, industry, and day, February 14, 1927, at not later than 4 o'clock p. m., the Senate labor all came back together to enjoy prosperity as they had will proceed to vote, without • further debate, upon any motion or gone down together in that great panic that brought wreck, amendment that may be pending or that may be olfered to the motion ruin, and disaster to the whole country. h eretofore made by the Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. PEPPER] that The first legislation enacted by Congress which changed the the Senate recede from certain of its amendments and concur in the economic conditions of the country was the Adamson law, which amendments of the House of Representatives to certain other amend­ changed the basis of a day's labor on our railroads from a 10 ments of the Senate and to the Senate amendment to the title to the and 12 hour day to an 8-hour day. The Adamson law brought bill H. R. 2, the so-called Pepper-McFadden banking bill, and upon about an annual increase in the price of labor on the railroads the said motion itself; and that after the hour of 2 o'clock p. m. on of $60,365,874. In order that this increase in the price of labor said day no Senator shall speak more than once or longer than 15 might be passed on to the people, the Interstate Commerce Com­ minutes upon the motion or upon any amendment olfered or motion mission authorized an increase in freight rates which, on an made in relation thereto. average, equaled an 8 per cent increase. Then Congress enacted the Federal control act and Mr. McAdoo was made Director The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? General of Railroads. 1\fr. WHEELER. I object to the unanimous-consent agree­ During Federal control of our railroads 1\Ir. McAdoo author­ ment. ized an increase in the price of labor on our railroads which Mr. PEPPER. If the Senator from Montana will suggest a has been responsible since 1919 for an annual increase in the 24-hour extension of the time named or any other reasonable price of labor of $1,164,000,000. In order that this increase in modification in the interest of further debate, I shall be glad the price of labor might be passed on to those who use the rail­ to modify the request accordingly. roads of the country, the Director General of Railroads author­ Mr. WHEELER. I will say to the Senator that at this ized a horizontal increase of 25 per cent in freight rates, and time I will not agree to any proposal to :fix a time for a vote. in this horizontal increase in freight rates no attention was paid The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senate resumes the considera­ as to how long the haul, or how short the haul, or, with but few tion of the unfinished business. exceptions, what the product would bear to carry it to market. FARM RELIEF Then Congress passed the Esch-Cummins Act which created The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the con­ the Labor Board, and in 1920 the Labor Board authorized an sideration of the bill (S. 4808) to establish a Federal farm increase in the price of labor on our railroads which was board to aid in the orderly marketing and in the control and equal to an annual increase of $522,000,000. Then in 1920, so disposition of the surplus of agricultural commodities. that the railroads might pass this increased cost in the price Mr. GOODING. Mr. President, there is an old saying, and I of labor of $522,000,000 on to the people, the Interstate Com­ am sure a very true one, that sometimes great public calami- merce COinmisston authorized an increase in freight rates of 1927 C01 Gl{ESSION.A.Ij RECORD-SEX.A'fE 3337 from 23 to 40 per cent. nnd 33% per cent ns between the in the decline in the value of fnrm lnn<1 · aud farm Ilri(~e::; ~iuee 5. 74. of our farm population has been forced to leave the farm to Since the. e increa~es in freight rate"' which were brought find employment in the great cities. Nine per cent of U1c farm nbout by the Adam:on law, the Director of Railroads and the home. of .America nre vacant :md stand out ns ~ilent sentiJwJ:..: Interstate Commerce Comruis~ion, the farmers of the United of the trngcdy thn t ha.,; oYerwhelmed ugri<:ulture during tlle ln st . States haT"e been forced to pay more than $3,000,000,000 in in­ few years. crensed freight rates for the use of the railroads. Labor gen­ Mr. Preo::id(•nt, the farmer· are not the only ones thnt hnT"e erally wa. · not slow to take advantage of the eight-hour tiny suffered :-:incc the deflation policy wns forced upon this country brought ahout by the .Adamson law and the increa~e in the in 10~0. The number of bank failures that ha'\"e o<·curred in price of labor on the railroads. In 1917, 191 , aud.1919 organ­ the agricultural States since 1920 is appalling. I have a li. t ized labor inaugurated 11,400 strike. , and in practically e-very J1ere of the lumk failmes beginning with January 1, 1910, up one of these strike: they succeeded in bringing about an in­ to Jnue 30, 1920, and also a list of the bank failure8 th20, to December ~1, 192G. Thi:-; list I To-tlay practically nll of our gx·ent indu tries have followed the offer for the RECORD. It shows a total of 3,080 bunks have GoT"erument and adopted eight hour as the ba. is for a day's closed their doors nnd not reopened. This number does not labor. It is the increa. . e in freight rates, the increase in the include the failures of State banks from July 1, 192G, to Janu­ c·o ~ t of labor in the bYI:O bank road would have been in the hands of a re{;(!iYcr in one ~hort failures. ~cau. That would also have been true as to all the great in­ Colorado l1nll 10 bani~ failure for tlle fir t vet'iod and G7 bauk tlu. tries. If t110 .. e industries were unable to pass their in­ failures in the last six year·. ('rent-:ed coRts, dne to the price of labor, on to the people, of Georgia hner cent. and 1 2 bank failures during tlle ln:·t .~b: JC'Ul'R. Mr. President, I nm in full sympathy with the incr0ase in ~ Tebrnska had bauk failures during the fir~:;t period, lwfore tbe price of labor and the !-ihorter hours of labor on the rail­ the economic condition. of the cvulltry were c.:l!augt:cl throu~h roads and in the great indu. trieR. I hope we shall be able to legislation, and 118 bank failures during. the last six years. maintain pre ·ent standards nnd improve them in the futut·e. New ~1exico hnd 10 bank failures during the first })('ric•d Wbat I am fig:llting for i to give agriculture the same relntion­ nnd G l:lince 1 !)20. JShip tllat exi->tecl between agriculture, indu. try, and labor be­ New York bud 7G bank failures during the flrt4t 11eriod of 10 G llud 6 fore it wa ~ destroyed by our own GovernmE>nt by legislation year, and in tbe last years sbe llas only bunk failure-:, thought es. entinl during the war and following the wur. "That Rhowing tllat n rn(lkal difierence exi:'\ts in the indu~trinl I am fig-hting for is to tep agriculture up with indu~try anti States, a \astly better condition, if you pleuse, than exbteu labor, not to tear down indu::c:tx·y and labor and bring them to bf'fore 1920. the level of a~icult.ure to-day. God forbid that! North Dakota hud G bank failures during the fir~t 10-y('ar Mr. President, it 1, not strange tbat we fincl .A.merlc:m agri­ periotl up to 1920 angon hall 7 bank fuilm·es during the 1irst period and 23 ·urplus and becau e of that surplus are unable to receive any during the ln~t G years. hPnefit from the protective tari.fr are facing an impossible con­ South Dakota llad lG bank failures dming the fu·st 10-~· ar dition, and unle. we can eMct some legislation that will giyc p riod and 257 bank failure.· dmin.~ tlle In ·t G year.·. them a chance to bring about orderly marketing there is no Tex 1s had 27 bank fuilmcs during the fir:'t period and lGO hope for a pro~perou agriculture in America. during tlle e<:ond. If there is any doubt in the mind of any Senator thnt agricul­ Wisconsin had no l.lauk fi1ilures during the .fir."t 10-yenr Jl - twe can continue wuler the present conditions, I hope he will riod, hut in the Ja::;t G Yl'fil· · there have been 37 l.lunl· failures listen while I tell the story of the mortgage indebtednPss and in that State. other losses that have come to th .American farmer. In 1920 'Vyoming bad no bank failure' for the 10 years up to 1020, the GoT"ernment reports how that the mortgage indebtetine. s of but during the last 6 years the:re have been 49 bunk failureH the farm. of this country was $3,GOO,OOO,OOO, while to-day tlle 'in that State. mortgage indebtednc;~ on tlle farms in .A.mcrira is $12,4:JO,OOO,­ I ask llllanimous contient, :M1·. Pre.::Jiuent, that the table may OOO; and if we meu.c:ure the losses that have come to agriculture be inserted in the Rmcon.n at this point. 1i

3338 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SE.rJ .A.. TE FEDRUAHY 9 The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Ooom in the chair). increased to $54,05G,377,000. In 12 yean; there was an inerea~e "'ithout objection, it is so ordered. in the deposits in bankR of $32,69G,53u,G33.05. The table is as follows : In other words, in u period of 12 short years we accnmu~a ted in our banks more than one and a half times more wealth than State a1Hl National banl.: failt,rcs all of the accumulation ln our banks since the Declaration of Independence first proclaimed the birth of a new Nation. On First Second period, period, the other hand, while we have had nearly 3,000 bank failure.., in Jan. 1, JnJy 1, the agricultural States during the last si:x: year , the bank.· in State 1910, to 1920, to the industrial States have more than doubled their depo:-.it:-:. June 30, Dec. 31, 1920 1926 This increase in wealth has astonished the whole world, but it has been confined to the industrial sections of tile country, for while agriculture had a loss of $32,000,000,000 the deposits iu AlahaUIJl ______• ______• •. . . • •• 13 18 30 banks have increaF;ed $;{2,000,000,000, so that the depo ·its in tile Arizona ...... ------···----- banks and the losses to agriculture have kept pace witll one Arkansns. ___ •• ·······------··------26 33 California .. ______------•••••• _••••••••• ----__ ..••.• 4 20 another very nicely. Colorado .... _____ ------___ ------10 07 Now, l\Ir. President, for the first time we have a bank in New Connecticut______------•..••• ------3 1 District of Columbia .•..•...•....•.••.••. ------2 1 York City that boasts of deposits of more than $1,000,000,000; Florida .. _. ___ • __ ------__ ------•• _____ 15 28 nor is that all. To-day we boast of having more than half of all Georgia ...• ____ . __ ------____ ------32 161 Idaho. ______.______9 62 the gold in the world. The total national wealth of the United lllinois ------45 States for 1914 was estimated at $200,000,000,000, and I am ad· Indiana. ___ •• ______.------______••. __ • ______.__ e,s11 31 Iowa ... ______• ______..•..• 13 vi ·ed by the Department of Commerce that the total national 264 wealth of the United States for 1026 is estimated at $321,000 · Knnsas ...... • ------9 108 26 000,000. It is my understanding that the Federal Trade Con~­ 25 mission bas made eRtimates of our 11ational wealth as high as l\1rune. _.• _. _. ___ • ______. ______•••• ______• ______... _ 1 2 ~~~t;t~!X======:: ======~======i3 $373,000,000,000, and I take it that the estimates of the Depart­ l\1aryland ..•.•••••••.•• ------_. -----.•••• ------4 5 l\1ussachusetts .•. _•. ------.• ------••.• ------. 7 16 ment of Commerce are very conservative. Michigan ______------_____ ..• ------20 29 Ttlking the conservati>e estimate of the Commerce Depart­ Minnesota .•. __ ·------·.------2.~ 22! 1 24 ment, we have accumulated more wealth in America in the laAt 143 12 years than all England accumulated in a thousand years of 1\fontana.~i1~~~P~ ____-_-_-_ ------~ ~: ======___ = rs5 182 existence. The national wealth of Englund is estimated at Nehraska. __ • ------_--·--·-·---· ------. 8 118 Nevada .. ______. __ • __ •.•• ______•. ___ 2 1 from $100,000,000,000 to $120,000,000,000 ; that of Germany from New Hampshire ••••• ------·-·------••••.•••. - 1 $40,000,000,000 to $u5,000,000,000 ; France, fifty-two billion ; New ]e!'S{Iy ------___ ------3 ------58 Italy, from twenty-three to thirty billion ; Belgium, from ten to New ::\iexico. ------__ 10 New York ______------_.... 76 6 twelve billion; Japan, fifty billion; Switzerland, from :ix to eight North Carolina ______------···------.... 17 85 billion; the Argentine, fourteen billion; and Brazil, $16,000,- North Dakota.·------····------. 6 321 0 hio. ___ . ____ ------•••• _____ • __ ••• ____ • _. _____ • _____ •••••••• _. 31 9 000,000, making the total estimated wealth of those great coun­ Oklahoma. .. _------____ ------·------7 180 tries $357,000,000,000, if we take the high estimates, as compared Oregon. ... ______._. ______------._._ ••••.• _...... 7 23 with .~321,000,000,000 for the United States. In other words, tlte Pennsylvania._------••. ------·-...... 29 25 United States to-day boast· as much wealth as England, Germany, Rhode Island .•••.•••••••..• ------______----- 2 1 South Corolina .• __ •. ------. ------· ------·------2 108 France, Italy, Belgium, and Japan combined. So, whE>n I find South Dakota._.·------______------____ •. ------______16 257 that we have an asse 'Hed valuation in America of $123,000,- Tennessee ..•• ______•...• ______•• _•.•.• _.••• ___ • ____ .• ______17 26 Texas .•. ------•..•....•. _. __ • ___ •.•. ___ . ______• ______•.. 27 159 000,000, I am inclined to think the e timate of the Federal Trade Utah.. _------__ ·----_.------5 13 Commission is not fat· wrong. In the last 12 year , l\Ir. Presi­ 1 dent, as I have stated, we have accumulated more wealth than 18 37 England has accumulatE>d in her thousand years of existence. Washin!cton.. ======:_____ ----- ====__ ======• ------.---- ======.••• ____ ===•• ----. == === __ == •••• === =_..= = ------19 40 It is said that in 1914 foreign countries bad invested in ~ff~~~~~=== ~~- 8 America $4,500,000,000. To-day that investment has been re­ ~~:m"Y~f~~---~: ::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::~::::_::::::: :::: -.- .. -- ~~. 49 duced until it is but one and a half billion dollars. In 1014 Total .•• ___ ••• ----.-----•• -----· •• ----•• --.----.------674 3,089 America hacl invested in foreign countrie~ two and a half bil­ lion dollars. I am ad>ised by the Department of Commerce thut our investmentR in forei~'ll countries for 1926 amounted to Mr. GOODING. It is not strange, Mr. Pre!';ident, that when $1l,U05,000,000, and it is ~aid that we are investing abroad at agriculture is destroyed the banking Rystem in the agricultural the present time at the rnte of more than $1,000,000,000 a year. States is likewise broken down and destroyed. Mr. President, I wh;h to give the other side of the picture Out of the $11,605.000,000 invested in foreign countlie' $5,002,- 000,000 i::; loaned to foreign governments and municipalities, and refer to the prosperity and great wealth which ha>c come all(l these loans ar(' guaranteed by the government of the coun­ to the industrial State::~ of the Union. How different the sto1·y try where the loan is made. Six billion ·ix hundred and three is when the canditions that exist in the indu~trial sections of million dollars repreH~nts tile investments of American cor­ America are reviewed! In the inu accumu~ lated by some of the great nations of the world in their tions are to be found in nearly every country on earth. l\Ir. Pre~iclent, we speak of a billion dollars to-day as easily thousand years of exi. tence. us we spoke of a million dollars a few yen rs ago. I am free I offer for the RECORD a table sl}.omng the iucreai'e in the to confc~s that I do not understancl what a billion dollars means. deposits in Jlll banks during the Ia. t 12 years. All I know is that it takes a thousand millions to muke a bil­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, the table lion; but, o that I might have a better understanding of what will be printed in the REX'ORD. this va ·t sum iR, I asked the Governors of the States of Cali­ The table is as follows : fornia, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, and Ne­ Toto~ deposits, all ba11l.:s, 1911 and 19!6 vada for the asse ·ed valuation of tho e States for 1925. I was advi.·e

ntluntinn of either the South or the West, yet it i~ a fair basis American rrovisions F.xport Co., 140 West Ynn Buren Street, Chi· for COllliHll"ison. Tllere are millions of people in the' 15 South­ cago, Ill. e.rn and We~tern States I hn\e named, while but a few people American Sodn rulp Export ARROCiation, !.?00 Fifth Avenue, Xd'lv iu comvarbon own tLe wcaltll, lliut our international uankers York City. and iudn. trie ha\e bn-c~ted in foreign conntrie~. In those 15 American Spring ~nnufacturers' Export A . oclution, D!!l Farmer~· •'tate:-: there nrc millions of peovlc and a gren t territory. The Bauk Building, l'ittr:'burg-11, Pn . 'Yc~t alHl the Jonth produce practicnlly all the rnw material AmC'rican :::urfacc A brn~h·cs Export Corportt tion, Room 130!l, 82 of .An1erica ; and yet, when you <:orne down to tlle asse~sed Denver Street, • ·ow Yot·k City. YHlnntion of tlleir proverty or of their renl WL'Ulth, that is a Am<'rican Tire :\!llnufucturers' Export As._oclatlon, 17 John StrN•t, nwre uagatelle <:mnpared to "·hat we hn\e here in the Ea~t. and • "Pw York City. not so much as a few great t·aptnins of :in Broadway, N<'w York City. Wllih resolution that the Alulllinmn 'l'rnst, wllich control::; the Dan~nport Pearl Button Export Co., 1235 West Fifth Street, Dn>ru­ prl(·e of aluminum in America, exteuds ueyond our own shores. port, Iowa. A..h, we have great organizations in America; nnd let me say Douglas Fir Expluilatlon & Export Co., 112;) IIcnry Building, ~cattlP., again, this is the ugc of orgnnization~ and combinations. It Wn b. mi..,.ht llroperly br called a new ch·:ilization. 'Yhile capital is Export ClothE> rin .A ·:ociation ot America (Inc.), 280 Maul on th~roughly organized in all the g-reat iuuul:ltries of America to­ Aveuue, New York City. day, tllC'y lla\C wllnt they cull n gentlemen', agreement. It is ExpoL"ters of ·wood l'l'oducts (Inc.), 25 Broad Street, Nl'w York known that tllo.·e representing Ole g-reat lumher illdn ·trie. meet City. in Wnshlugton every year around the table to fix U1e price of li'loridn IIanl llo<·k Phosphate Export As.·oelation, Savannnb Bank diffPrent grude. · of lumber. That runs through every great in­ & Trust Building, Savannah, Ga. dustry in America, without exception. Is tllere any doubt that Florida Pebble Pho ·phate Export A. socintion, Produce Exchnnge there i.• a gentlemen's agreement in the Rtcel :in

Tile PRESIDING OFFICER. Doe' the ,"t'nn tor from I

Mr. GOODING. I do. . Grand Rapid' Furniture Export Association, 214 Lyon Street 4 'W., ~Ir. COUZE... ~s. Does the Senator think there is sucb nn GrmHl Rapids, Mkh. agreement among the motor-car manufacturer , 'I Uulf Pitch Plne Export .Association, 1223 Whitney Central Bnllu~Hg, Mr. GOODL. TG. I do not know whether there is or not; but New Orleans, Ln. I knnw that the motor Industry llas de\eloped one man who e IIawk<'Ye Pearl Button Export Co., 001 Ea t econd Street, Mu.-cutine, wealth i now e ·timated nt $2,000,000,000. The Senator from Iowa. 1\Iichigau can an~wer that qne_ tion better than I can. Evi­ Locomotive Export As ·oclatlon, 30 Church ~trcet, New York City. dently they do not need any or~anization to fix price~. I think Naval Stan's J~.-port Corporation, 62~ Wbitnl'y Building, 4 ·l'w Or­ it i u crime that in any country one man, in a quarter of a lean., La. century, can acquire a W('Ulth of a billion dollars. I do not racific Flour Exporl Co., care ot Ccntenu!o.l Mill Co., uOG Ct-ntrul care whether it is Henry lJ'ord or anybody el e ; it is not rig-ht; Building, Seattle, Wash. it is not fair to the rest of the country. I understand that l'an American Trading Co., 116 Broad Street, New York City. hiH wL·alth is e._timntcd at two billions and that he can take n rhOS!Jhate Export A .·ociation, Produce Exchange Building, 4 CW York cn.:h propo ·ition of a billion at any time. He ha.· taken more City. than he is entitled to take out of somebody in tllis country or Pioneer Pearl Button Export Corporation, 217 Mansion Street tllo.:e in this country who are forced to u. e Ii'ord machine·. rougbkeep ie, N. Y. 'l'he furmer have been forced to u ·e tllem, becmu;e tlley have Pipe Fittings & Valve Export Asgoclation, Branford, Conn. not been nule to buy anything el.'e. l'ro,lucers' Linter Export Co., 822 Perdido Street, New Orleau. , Ln. I nm quite willing- to give Mr. Ford great credit. He has llcdwood Export Co., 200 California Street, Sun Francisco, Cnllf. earned great wealth becau. e he has brought into being in tllis llubber Export Assoclallon; The, 1213 Akron Savings & Loan Bulld- country ma ~ production, which ha been beneficial to the whole ing, Akron, Ohio. conn try. Sugnr Export Corporation, 113 Wall StJ·e«'t, ... •ew York City. Mr. P1·e ident, I offer for the RECORD n list of concerns which Sulphur Export Corporation, 33 Rector drect, New York City. llaYe filed their annual reports for 19"2;) with the .Fedeml Trade United Paint & Varnh;b Export Co., 601 Canal Road, Clc,~eland, Ohio. Commi . ion in connection with the export tra<.le net, the "'cbb­ United States Alkuli Export As~odation (Inc.), 2:> Pine Street, New Pomprene law. York City. 'l,lle PUESIDI. ~G OF!,ICER. 'Without ohjc<:tiou, the li:st will United Stnt~s Button Export Co., 701 En. t Third treet, l\IuRcatine, be in. erted in the RECORD. I own. The mutter referred to is a follow·: t:n!ted States IJnndlc Export Co., The, riquo, Ohio. Ll, T OF CO CE1l ·s W'IliCll HAVEl PH.ED TIIElR A.'l'\UAL RuPOllTS J,'OR 10!!~ Walnut Export :;:.ales Co. (Inc.), 010 South ~llchigan Av uue, Chi- WITII TTI.ID Fl:DERAT. TllADE COJ\IMTSSrO~ rN CON. ECTIO.' WITU TFm cago, ill. EX.POUT TRADlll ACT (W.Jo:BB-I'OKEREXE LAW) A!\'0 COXCEHXS WHICH HAVE Walworth InternnUomll Co., 88 Pearl Street, , 1\Ioss. :t-•ILED l'ATEliE~TS fii. "CE JA.."i"UARY 1, 1926, TO D•\TO OF JANUAr.Y 24, Wi._consin Conner ' Export Association, Manitowoc, Wi . l9!!i Coppm· ExporteJ'S (Inc.), 25 Broadway, New York City. Amerlcn.u :nraka llenm llinu!ncturcrs Export .A. ociation, West Export Screw A t>oClatfon of the United States, The, Itoom l:i04, 101 • ·yac.:k, nocWnnd County, N. Y. l'ark Avenue, r'e v York City. .Amerkan Corn Products Export .A ociation, 17 Ba tiery Place, N w almon Export Corporation, 3001 Smith Bui!tllng, Seattle, Wa..,h . York lty. Mr. GOODI1 ·a. Fifty-two of the.;:e corporations-and they .Americ n Locomotive Sal~s CorpoNltion, 30 Church Street, New include pretty much nll the great corporations of America­ York City. arc exporting and :;;elling the products of their industry nbroncl .American l\Jllk Products Corporation, 71 Hudson Strt>et, New York cheaper than they are iu America. Under the ·wellb-Pomcn·Iw CH.r. law, as I . unrmnn Am~riCJm Pupet• Exports (Inc.), 75 West Street, New York City. Antitrust Act when tlley sell cheaper nbrond than thPy tlo at Amerlc:tn Plttb Pine Export Co., 1005 Pere Mnrquette lluilaing, .. 'cw home. That Lq ju~t what the American farmer is asking to ue Orlean , La. permitted to er auroaJ 3340 . COl.TGRESSIO.._T \.L RECORD-SENATE FEBRU... illY 9

than he doe~ at home. The .American farmer ha!-1 had forced ture ha~ never Leen nble to keep up the ferti1 i ty of the ~oil. A upon him through legblation an American cost of proouc­ great :tate~man once ~aid there were thre-e grave dangers to the tion. He can not !:->ell American farm products in this country life of evE:'ry nation, oue from jn"\'"ading armies, one from ~elfish­ for the priee. churg('(L for Europt'nu farm products that are ness :md greed, wilich create anarchy, and togt•t her ·elfi:-:hnes:-:, llrotlnePd by labor that costs only 2G per cellt as much, in greed, and anar<'bY have de. tro~· ed one government aftC'r an­ ~!orne <·ases, as he is forced to pay in America. oilier as far back as histo1·y r(>corcls the :tory of the ri.·c and In di:-e unde-rstood that I fall of c·ivilization: ane always surtained it like tl1 :-;oil, has gone backward. since I have been in thi. body by my vote when I have had tho In the fifth century, when thC' Huns and Yanda!~ ravished the opvortunity. Roman ]iJmpire, the ~oil of Rome was only producing nn average Alm(k't every other government on earth. ~Ir. Pre~iU.ent, h; of four hu. hels of wheat to the acre, ancl all other agricultural tr~·ing to protect it. pvoducer, . I ha \C Ilere a li ·t of raw crop8 Wl're in the ~ame pl"opurtion, all(l when the :oil of Home materials that are l:lttt uilized by foreign cnuutrieF. The fir~t lo..:t its yirile foret'. the manhood of that mighty nation, which 011 the list i · Egyptian loug-staple cotton: it is all right for for cent urie · bad ruled the world, lost its virile forte, and Home En~lan mad(> n mo~t ~tart­ izen by foreign countrie~ are camphor, coffee, iodine, nitrate:-4, lin~ :tatement in hiR nwsHnge to the Sixty-eighth ongre~s when pota~h. mercury, rnhber, and ~i!'al. he had thi · to l='lly in regard to the exllau:-;tjon of tlle svil: Thb is only a part of the story, for Germany, France. and The pt·uduction of uitro~Pn for phUJt food in peace and l'Xplosh·es in Belgium ba>e gone into a combination to fix the price of ~lE>el war i · morr and more important. It is one of thP chil'f • ustaining and O,OOO tons is rl'portt>cl to reprencnt tllc Impairment or Germau cartel. omething like 30 industries are more or l~~ 118,000,0110 ncres of farm lands each year. involYNl in the control and production of raw material: and mnnufncturcd article.· ; and it is eHsential, 1\Ir. President, to the In the :arne meH. nge it i~ .·tated that the totnl crop produc­ pro~perity and hnppine~ of the American people that Congre:-:s tion in this countr~' for that year was 370.000,000 acrt>H. If take.· due notice of the e combinations. there is an impairment of tile :;;oil in this country of 11 ,000,000 The industrie" of Europe are not as well or~anized, as far a. acre:': of farm land each y~ar, then a mo:t dangerous <'OIH.lition fixing- pric·e. is concerned, as tho~e in Ameri<·a. conft·ont~ America from the exham;tion of the ~oil. I believe It is my understanding that in an investigation on the \Vnlsll if thi:-; uiU is pas:--ed it will mean the be~iuuing of a new day resolution of the Aluminum Trust of .Ameriea. it was found for tbe man wllo tills the soil-the emandpation of agriculture tllnt tllat organization reached beyoU<.l our own shores. in AruPrica. I re~et that 1\Ir. 1\lellon is on record agnin:-it the 1\lcNary­ Ml'. Pre.·ident, thP Me_ Tary-IInugen bill is not a haRtily pre­ Ha u~en bill. I am sure if he had tudied the bill he would be pared mea::<•n considering the problems of agri<:ul­ needs or conditions of agdculture. J,a!-lt year when the prke ture for the la.t si yE:'ar:, and this bill repre~ents the best of wheat was tumbling down in the American markets, a thought of the majority of the members of tilnse committees brother of Secretary Mellon wa on hi~ way to Europe, and iu in the solution of tbe deplorable conditions that exist in agri­ JS'ew York ga"\'"e out an inteniew in which he ..,aid he noticed cultul'c. This bill represent' the uest tilonght of the great farm that the price of wheat was coruiug down in America, and that organization that haYe been acti"\'"e in the intere t of lE>gh;la­ that was as it should JJe. tioa for 1l1e Ameriean fn.rmcr. This bill, Mr. President, pro­ Mr. Pre ident, the attack on the MeNary-Haugen bill by ncles the . arne maehinerv for the marketing of farm products the corporation interests of .A.mE>rira i!-1 f(lr the purpo~-rS' board Of Uir(>Ctors, through the a sistance Of CO­ "\'"est tlle money they Ilave rnude in thi:-1 country for the de­ Operative organizations, will brh1g about a ~tabilization of furm velopment of American industry, but are busy developing product:, and we will not ha\e the higil point and the low industl'ies in foreign countries, where luhor eosts but little as points aH shown in the charts I haYe placed on lile wall. By compared with the price of labor in Amel"icn. At the same the elimination of the duplication in the huudliug of farm prod­ time these great lntemntional bankers nnd great captain of uct-.:, nml the wild Rpecnlation thnt often oceurs, we will bring "indu try are advocating the removal of the tariff barriers, as about un orderly marketing and, through an oruerly market­ tiley call them, and it i in the great elfishne~s of the corpora­ ing, we will in time hring about an order·ly production of farm tions of America, in my judgment, that there lies a ·g1·ave protlu<:ts in America. · danger and a menace to the prosperity and happiness of the Now, I want to take n few minutes in explaining the maps Ameritan people. on the wall. 'l'he:-;e map· in tbemHelve. tell a greut Rtory. It Let us not forget that the ~reatest problem that confront hu::-; h en often saiu. iu fact ever fo;ince the depres:>ion came to every go\ernment on eurth i that of finding employment for it agri<:ultnre, that if the farmer is let aloll<>, if his fool friends own p(_•ople. This i ~ no longer a nf'w country, for at no place will not bother him, be vdll oon work out his own proJJlem~. on American soil i' tilere a ft·ontier. The frontier, with its I lHlYe here on the wnll five chart ~ which have been prepared facination ·, it hardHhip~, and privation., has pa · ~ed away, and by the Department of Agriculture, and C>NY one of them at no vlace in a11y of the puhlic-land Stat s of tbe Uniou is hows the trend of the prices of farm products rit:e of wheat, the ge~ · tetl eoudirions l.ly the people findin~ new home ~ on the public pric:c of coru, tlle priee of cotton. the priec of rice, tile price of uornaiu. The vrohlems that hnve confmnted Europe for a thou­ swine are lo"·er thau tbPy were a ycnr ngo. ~and year· ·will soon confront tbi tonntry-tha t of n congc:-;ted Agriculture can not go 011 with an intrea:-:e of 100 lll't' <·c;1t popnhttinn in the crreat citie!', with the proulelll of finding cm­ in tlte prices of the things the farmer · muA uuy. foreetl upon plo~·meut for our own p ople. them by their own GovNnm<'nt, without any <·hauce of pas~iu~ ~[t'. Pre~ident, with onr farm population lenving the farms it on to anybody. Agt·ic-ultnrc has to aL ·orb it all, antl tllat i::; and c·ro~Yding into our great cities, the t ime will come in a few not bard to w1derstnncl. ~hort yt·ars, nnles.· we pa..:. · some It~gi~lntion tbnt will permit I cnll the attention of the Senate to th('~C two lines. 'l'lw tile farmer to organize so he can g<'t sonwtbin~ above the co:->t dott <1 line repr · "etlts whole.-;n le prices of commo(_litil-::-;, tlle of production, when, from the exbn n:-;tion of the :-:oil ·which is '' nll-c:ommoclity priee '' it is <:ailed. Rtnrting here with 100 per taking- place at the pre:ent time, this country \Vill not be pro­ c· nt. The black line, tJ1e line with these penkH and thE:'se val­ ducing euough to feed i~ own people. For a decadent agricul- ley~, we will call them, in this cnse repre~ent:::; the price of hog::;, 1U27 OO..L::rGRESSIOl TAL RECORD-SENATE 3341: It is not fair to use as a basis the wholesale price, because Let me tell you something about the story of wheat. Tho the farmer's dollar is a retail dollar. He never bought any­ farmer gets 1.4 cents for the wheat that goes into a loaf of I~ thing at wholesale in his life. There are no statistics as to bread. Surely every Senator knows tllat in tlle first and second retail prices available, and so the department used the whole­ class lwtels and on the dining cars he has to tip a waiter more I! sale prices. than the farmer gets for what he eats, for the food that he eats 1 1 (r Tllere is another thing I want to call to the attention of the and to get reasonable service. It is a crime, to my mind, to hold It . Senate; that is that there is a greater spread between tile tile farmer responsible for the high cost of living in America. II retail price and the wholesale price now than there was before Everybody knows that is not true. I ~ tile war. The wholesale prices are taken where the products Mr. President, tile average production of 'wheat in America are manufactured and at wllole ·ale points in the great cities since 1920 has been 802,000,000 bushels. In 192G we exported and are averaged. So, when we consider the increases in 108,035,062 bushels of wheat and in flour equiyalent to wheat. freight rate , which the retailer has to pay and pass on, we The tariff on wheat is 42 cents a bushel. What the farmers are find that the sprea,d is very much greater than it was before askjng for is the foreign price plus the tariff of 42 cents a bushel, tile war. which would make a bushel of wheat worth $1.42 iu America. This is where the retail price would start [indicating], fully The question, of course, comes, How can the tariff be made 50 per cent above the whole~ale price. So, when we talk about effective? To make the tariff effective the commission or the farmers' prices reaching a parity with the all-commodity price, farmers' board of directors would take the surplus off Lhe it does not mean so much after all. market. Now I shall go over and discu s the cotton map a moment. The harvesting of wlleat extends over a period of five mouths. 'Ye find cotton here at 37 and 38 cents a pound, and we find it It begins in Oklahoma and other Southern States in the month down here at 6 cents a pound. If we had the price stabilized, of May and in some of the Northern States the harvest is ·till so that we could draw a line through here and take only the on as late as October. It wo-uld not be a difficult task for the aYerage price, we would have cotton selling at 19, almost 20 board to take the surplus off of the market, so that if the miller cents a pound. Even if we could not increase the price of wanted to buy wbent he would have to pay the foreign price plus cotton beyond the average price at which it was bought in those the duty of 42 tents a bushel. If he imported his wheat that is years, we would still be getting a fair price for cotton. what he would have to pay, and that is what he should pay, for because tllere is a duty on wheat of 42 cents a bushel the millers I want to call the attention of Senators from the cotton are given a duty on flour of $1.06 per hundred, and there is no States to the danger confronting the cotton industry. I re­ doubt but what the miller passes this tariff of $1.06 on the con­ gret tllat I am uffering from a cold and a bad throat. If I sumer, giving the farmer only very little benefit from it at the do not make myself clear, I hope I may be interrupted. Per­ be.t. haps that would do me good and warm me up a little. Now, we find that in exporting 108,000,000 bushels of wheat The cotton growers last year produced 18,GOO,OOO bales of that is worth $1 a bushel for export, for which they pay $1.42, cotton. The survey of the Department of Agriculture shows the board would lose on its wheat for export $25,347.726.04. that there are on hand at the present time 24,000,000 bales of The board would collect this loss by levying an equalization fee cotton ils compared with 19,400,000 bales a year ago, 1G,300,000 of, we will say, 10 cents a bushel. Out of the 802,000,000 bushels bales two years ago, which is 2,800,000 more than we had in there is something like a hundred million bushels used for seed 1923. I call the attention of the cotton growers to the fact and other purposes ; it does not go through the channels of trade. that they have a year and a half supply of cotton on hand. This would give the farmers of this country $1.32 a bushel on I am sure Senators from the cotton-growing States will re­ the basis that wlleat is worth $1 a bushel for export. member press rE-ports of a few days aao to the effect that the ·we heard a good deal yesterday about taking money out of price of cotton had gone up on account of the fact that it was the farmer's pocket, but it never bas been in his pocket. If he expected that the McNary-Haugen bill would became a law; sells his wheat abroad, he gets a dollar for it. If it was ~old and there is no question but that the price will go up if that under the organization provided for in the bill, he would get bill is passed, because it will enable the farmers to take their $1.32. He would have 32 cents to put in his pocket and he cotton off the market and to feed it on to the market in an would have paid the 10 cents equalization fee above that. Is orderly way, the same as the great steel industry sells steel that going to increase the price of bread in America? With when there is a market for it. the increase in wheat production taking place in the world There is to.,day an order of dumping. The farmer bas to there is very great danger that it may be driven below $1 a get rid of his cotton, has to have the money, needs it, and, of bushel again. With Ru.. ia having a production of GSO,OOO,OOO course, is always shoved on to the market in the· early months bushels of wheat she will again be a factor in feeding the .·oon after the cotton is produced. The re~mlt is that under world. that order of n.ffairs we can not have orderly marketing at An investigation made by the tariff board shows the cost of all. I would say to Senators from the Southern States that production in tllis country is $1.40 for the States of l\Iinne­ with 24,000,000 bales of cotton on hand-more than 18 months' sota, North and South Dakota, and Montana. That was the supply of cotton on hand-they should do ~omething to relieve figure for 1021, 1022, and 1023. The cost of production in the market. The price is hanging around 10 cants a pound at Canada was 92 cents a bushel. In 1021 the farmers of this the present time. It went up 4 or 5 points, I think, a few country lost $314,000,000; in 1922, $3G-1,000,000; in 1923, s:~ 0,- days ago. 000,000; in 1924, $100,000,000; while in 1!)25 tlley lost $16G.­ Mr. President, I am not surprised that a lot of farmers in OOO,OOO. Altogetller in those five years, on estimates shown by Ohio-and there may be some in other eastern States-are not the Government, the wheat growers of the country lost $1,327,- in favor of the McNary-llaugen bill. I believe that they 000,000. In 1925 we produced only 660,000,000 bushels of wheat would be for it if tlley would study it, but their conditions are and that high price of wheat was increased and the wbcnt entirely di.ll'erent from those of farmers west of Chicago. growe1·s received 5 cents a bushel more than the actual cost of W'hen a farmer west of Chicago ships farm products to New production. That year they made a profit of $33,4G",OOO. York and to Ohio he has to pay an exce.. sive frei~ht rate. On Since tlle President increased the duty on wheat from 30 to onions from Texas to ·eastern State the rate is $1.50 a hundred, 42 cents per bushel the difference in the price of wheat at Minue­ on wheat 40 cents a bushel, and on potatoes $1.50 per hundred; apolis and Winnipeg has been just a little oyer 12 cents a but I wonder who made the great markets in Ohio and in bushel. Tlle Senator from Ohio [:Mr. IfESS] took me to task l!ichi"an and 1n all the industrial States of the Union? It was yesterday because I said the farmers did not get the benefit of not the farmers of Michigan. They have done their share, it is the tariff on wheat. Any man who knows anything about the true, but the farmers of the West have made tllose great indus­ tariff at all or has studied it-and I am, of course, sure the trieR po.·sible in the indust1ial States of the East. They are Senator from Ohio has not paid any attention to it or he would the one· who made it possible for the Ohio, Michigan, and New not go out and tell the farmers that they get any benefit from York farmers to have a borne market, something that is denied the tariff on wheat-knows that the facts show that the farmer to the farmer of the \Vest. lie occupies a different po ition. has not received any benefit at all so far as soft wheat i.' (·on­ Gi've the western farmer what be is a.king for, the same price cerned, with the exception of the year 1!l2G when we had a that the farmer in New York and Ohio and Michigan can get shortage and then it was very, very slight. I have a table for their wheat and moRt of their farm products, and be will be which I want to have placed in the REcORD, and then I ·hall "'ati ·fled. But there hn.. been an increase in his freight rates conclude my remarks. and in hi cost of production. It is not strange at all that I have here a statement of the cost of a barrel of flour farmers from Ohio and orne of the other Eastern States are not for the years from 1913 down to and including 192G, showillg much intere ted, and yet they would be interested if they were also the price of wheat; shoT\-ing the cost of the wheat in forced to study the question as the farmers of the West have a barrel of flour ; showing the amount of money the farmers been forced to do. bave received for the wheat that goes into a barrel of flour; 3342 CONGRESSION.A.L RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 9

showing the pri<'e of a lonf of bread for all those years, the Mr. President, I a .. k to have the tabl~s referred to insertcc.l price the bakeries received for the 280 leaves of bread that at this point in my remarks: are made out of a barrel of flour; also the price that the T1co 1tundrea and eighty loaves of bread itt a bm-rcl of fTour miller.· have received for their flour over and above the price tllat the bakers receive when wheat is figured in. [Chicago average] Tuking the fir t period, 1913 to 1917, inclusive, I have here the earnings of the great mills of America, 37 different flour Flour Wheat Cost of A vcrage Baker No. 86 mills which repre. ent most of the large flour mills of Amedca. per prr wheat in price receives middlings barrel bushel barrel brrad per barrel nntl bran Ji'or that period of five years beginning with an investment of offiour per loaf flour plus- $4!l,G78,911.12 the statement shows an earning in interest for ------1------l------~1------1 ------the firliit year of 12 per cent; for the second year 17 per cent; Cent& for the third year 18 per cent ; for 1016, the fourth year, 38 1913------$4.22 $0.88 $3.94 6.1 $17.08 $0.28 per <'ent: for 1!Jl 7, the fifth year, 34 per cent~ For the period 1914 __ ------5.84 1.08 5.07 6.1 17.08 . 77 1915 ______------5.46 1.13 5. 31 6.6 18.48 .15 of five years, through an investigation made by the Federal 1916 ______------9. 20 1.€8 7.89 6.8 18.48 1. 3l Trade Commis ion, those 37 mills in the country, manufac­ 1917------10.94 2. 25 10.57 9. 5 26.60 . 37 turing a large part of the flour, showed an earning in interest 1918.------10.77 2. 22 10.4.3 10.1 28.28 .34 1919 ______----- 12.22 2.24 10.52 10.2 28.51\ 1. 70 or in profit:-::, as I will call it. of $63,303,403.93. 1920.------10.02 2. 23 10.48 12.0 33.00 I .46 During the same time they increased their capital by 192L------6.87 1.25 5.87 10.3 28.84 1.00 $22,08:~,9:16, making a total increase, or a total profit, we will 1922.------6.30 1.14 5.35 9.6 26.88 .9.'i 11!23------5.48 1.02 4. 79 9. 7 27.16 .69 say, in five years, out of an investment of $43,8 9,911.12 of 1924.------7.62 1.58 7.42 9.8 27.44 .20 ~ '5,3._7.339.93. That i the profit of the millei'S in America. 1925.------8.34 1. 59 7.47 9.9 27.72 .87 "'bile the wheat growers have been producing wheat below 1926 ______------7.55 1.42 6.67 9.9 27.72 .88 the cost of production the miller have made a profit of 200 t Loss. per cent in five years. l\lr. President, I find, taking the first Agricultural Department advises the farmer receives 1.4 cents for tho wheat that period of five years and the last period of five y{'ars that the goes into a loaf of hread. millers have earned vastly more during the last five years than Over a period of five years on an investment of $43,687,911.12, they show earnings or 631303,403.93, and in audition to this increa.c;ed theil' investment $22,083,936, which they enrned in the period of the first five years to which I have $d< ed together give us a total of $85,387,339.93, whlch is nearly 200 per cent on the called the attention of the Senate. anvestment at the beginning of the period. i Table sllotoing profits dlldttg 5-year per·Coa of the war by ~ flour-milling companies in certain pa1·ts of count1·y

37 companies Northwestern group Southwestern group Eastern group Year Per cent Per cent Per cent Per cent Investment of profit Investment of profit Investment of profit Investment .of profit

1913-14.------$43,687,911.12 12.6 $26, 671,525. 22 • 13.8 $6, 293, 539. 56 11.3 $10, 722, 846. 34 10.5 ] 914-15------45, 830, 752. 49 17.2 27, 843, 276. 69 19.4 5, 954, 412. 73 20.9 11, 033, 063. 07 9.1 1915-16------4 ,24 . 643.87 13. 1 29, 520. 392. 40 15.7 7, 807, 301. 72 12.5 10, 920, 949. 75 6. 5 1916-17------65, 382, 9.57 . .a 3 .4 31, 673, 062. 86 44. i 9, 293, 918. 23 34.2 11, 415, 976. 39 22.8 1917-18.------65, 771, 847. 33 34.1 41, 321, 145. 44 32.7 11, 794, 511. 56 42.6 12, 656, 190. 33 20.8

I have here an editorial from the Wa!:ihington rost of this .A.llsolute control of the people's bread would be placed in the hands morning. I send it to the desk und I ask that it may be read of a bureau in Washington, to manipulate as the bureau saw fit. '£his into the RECORD. bureau would not be the Gm·ernment, IJut a supergovernment, not The PRESIDL .,.G OFFICER Cl\Ir. GoFF in the chair). "\'nth­ amenaiJle to the President or Congress. It could garniJle in wheat, corn, out objection, the clerk will read as reque ted. hogs, cotton, tobacco, and any other crop which it might declare to be Tile Chief Clerk read a.· follows : "staple." , [From the Washington :Post, Wednesday, l!'eiJruury 9, 1927] In its es!:'lence and spil'it the bill violates the Coustltution. nut it would be poor ,work on the part of Senators who doubt its constitu­ 1 THE :U Ndll.Y-HAUGE~ BILL tionality to vote for it and go through the long and coslly process of Tile Senate has agreed to \Ote on the 1\Ic:Nary-Haugen bill on Friday having it nullified by the courts. Why e;ubjf'Ct the people to this afternoon. irritating, unjust, and expensive experiment? Tllat is the opportunity for independent and conscientious Senators Senators who have the interest of the United States at heart, includ­ to iri.ke down one of the mo t vicious proposals evel' laid before ing the interest of agriculture, will not sacrifice their self-respect and Congre inuependence by voUng for this bill merely to curry favor wiili the Sruators can help to re tore the confidence of tbe people in the m;rthicnl "farm vote." Senate by voting down this class legislation. The politicians who have band('d together to jam this bill through Some Senntors are at heart oppo~:~ed to this bill, but are inclined to Congress have no r(·gard for the public W<•lfare. 'I.'he public welfare vote for it through fear of the " agricultural vote." Others do not rests in the bands of Congress. It is for Senators to land between uodrr tand the bill and may vote for it because of the insistence of its the people and these marauders. eponsors and their statement that Mr. Coolid~e now favors it. There is no rea. on wby any Senator should be aft•ald of the furm :Mr. GOODING. ~Ir. President, every morning for hreakfa~t vote. The majority of fat'mer are oppoaed to the 1\lc:-lary-Haugrn for some time now we have bad a uitter attack by the 'Vash­ uill. They are learning that it is the invention of politicians who are ington ro. t on the McNary-IIaugen bill. The only real raid trying to " farm the farmers." on the Treasury of the United States that this country ba8 r'o .'enator should be mi led into thinking that President Coolidge ever known bas been made by the gTeat newspapers of the fa\or.· tbe McNary-Haugen bill. He does not. I! pa sed, he will veto country, which enjoy the second-class mail privileges. Last year it. Bnt Congt·ess should not act the coward by pa · ·ing the bill and the Government carried the second-class mail at a lo. s of $ 3,- then looking to the President to do bis duty. 49 ,228. 0. That vast amount represents the subsidy, if you The opposition to this bill is not bn ·ed upon anta~-:"onlsm to the plca:;e, which is paid by the Government to the great new ·­ farmers. No one wishe to see agriculture suffer. The amount carried papers and all tho ·e using the mails for second--class matter. by the bi11, ., 230,000,000, is but a fraction of ·what the Nation would This has b en going on for more than a quarter of a centm·y, gladly vote for farm relief it the people could be sure that the money and yet the great newspapers which are crying out to destroy would be devoted to actual farm relief and accomplish the purpose an opportunity for tbe farmers to market their own products desired. in an orderly and intelli~ent manner are now asking for le~is­ It 1 becau e the ::\lc~ary-Haugen bill ets up a bureaucracy in Wn b­ lation which means an additional increase of $8,000,000 in the ington to boost the co t of living for all, the benefit of tile few, that it po 'tal deficit on econcl-class mn tter if the bill . hall pass which is oppo,.ed. is now before Congres,, making a loss every year of something The Mc~ary-Ilau"'en bill, if enacted, would not be merely a tempo­ more than $91,000,000 to the Government. Every hone t man rnry evil. It would be a burning sore, arraying one clas of Americans ougbt to be willing to pay the Gon•rnrnent the co::lt of the ng!lin t another cla s, and stirring up bate and reprhmls. It would service rendered, whether it is through the mail or any other tend to transform this GovernmE>nt by placing it upon the false founda­ way; every honest journalist ought to be willing to do that; tion of cia fa.vorltl m in. tead of a square deal for all. Two kinds of but they are going to drive down the throats of the American Americans would be created by this bill, one kind paying tribute to the people another piece of legislation, as they have done in the other. past, which will give them a still greater subsidy in the futm·e

I J 1927 C01TGRESSIO:NAI~ TIECORD-SENATE 3343 tlum tl1ey lurn~ prcyiou:;ly had; and I anticipate they will con- Mr. CAPPER. Tbe report that the DiRtrict CommL::3ioners tinue increasiug their sub~idy so far as carrying econcl-class make to me i"' that the hill as amcudely it will be ~·ow, ::\Ir. Pre.·ident, I wic;h to say one word about the Curtis- necessary later to get a deficiency av1•ropriation. A swell IJill. The farmers of Amcl'ica are not a:-~king for it at CHA. ' GE OF nEFERE.'CE all. It is a dau~eruus piece of le~islation. It undertakes to 1\lr. LA FOLLETTE. 1\Ir. President, while this conference is lwlp cooperative murketing. Practkally every cooperative mar- goiug on, will the Senator from 1\lontuna yield to me for a ketin•r or~auization of tbi · country lm · made a failure. I have ruoment't l~longed -to marlwting organizatious which ha,·e failed. They 1\lr. "THEELER. I yield. mu~t all fail. There i~ no chllllcc for them, because only a few 1\lr. LA FOLLETTE. I aRk unanimous con~eut that Order ~ <•f tbe farmer: who }lroduee a ~hen agricultural product be- of nusine 'S 1302, !louse hill 13!!W., may l>e rt•committed to the (·oml' meruher~ of su<:ll organizatious. It is impossible for co- Committee on Indian. Affairs. operative marketing organization· to-carry the lond. It has been l\Ir. BRATTO .. ~. Mr. Pre ·illent. will the Senator from 'Vis· ~o in the past and will IJe ~o in tl10 tntm·e. The pending bill cousin state the uat ure of the bill to which he refers? brint!'s in every farmer to help carry the load; the farmer pays Mr. LA FOLL:ffiTTJ;J. It is a bill to permit the devartment to iu vroportiun to the benefit that hC' i~ going to receive. Unle:::s hriu.,. employees in the field to ·wa~:~hington. There are flome we c-nn get an orgauization in America that is going to di'5- purti'es who de~ire to be hem·d upou it, and when the chaimmn tribute the loa~ am~:mg all the. farmor: who pr?duce a ~urplus I of the comrnitteP wa~ couferred with he . ~d h~ had uo objec· of farm vrle the hrin~iug into ~ll<'h organizn- refuse to yield longer to the ~enators who are holttt grower.. If we can 1Jring about orderly lllnr­ ties of the War Devartruent for the fi;-;cal year enilin~ June 30, keting, orderly production will follow. That i why tlle Ameri­ 1!>28, and for other purposes ; reque:'ltcd n conf.crence with the ean farmer i n ·kiug for the ~1cNury-Haug-en bill. If thE-re ~ennte on the cli~ab'Teein~ votes of the two Houses thereon, and .·hall be any los. e1-:, be is willin~ to pay them; be does uot thnt 1\lr. BARBOUH, Mr. CLAGUE, ::\Ir. DICKINSON Of Iowa, :llr. wllllt the Gowrnmcnt to pay any part of them; anrs on the part of the llou~e at the conference. may lJc incurr cl in the marketing of hi.' farm products. The me:-->:n~e al:-~o rE>l'pectfully called the attention of the 1\lr. WBEBLEH obtaiueu the :floor. , 'ennte to certain remaTks of the Seuntor from Delnwan• [:Ur. !\Jr. NYE. Mr. President, I sugge:-:t the ab~ence of a quorum. R.\YARD], found in lhc proccedin~s of the Senate for FPbruary The PRE,_ IDL TG OFFICER. The (•lerk will call the roll. 8, l!l27 with tile reque:t that aetion be taken by the Senate to The legi~latiYe clerk called the roll, and the follo"·iug Sena- elimindte such r(•mark8 from the REconn as are in Yiolation of tor· answered to their names: proper parliamentary practice and the proper comity e:s:h:ting .\.hurst Geor~P. "llf,;:\InRter between the two IIou~es. IHea · G1llctt .k .. ·:n·y ~~W~nrd Uonth Hotr :\lPnn ~ i:-'moot WAR DEPART rE.-T APPHOPRIATIO~S Hratton Gooding :\Ietculf • tcck HnlCc Hn!e ~ro~Ps Rtewnrt The VICE PRENIDE~T laid before the enate the action or cameron UarrPld ~ 'ccly 'frnmme-11 the llou:-;e of Uepre~entntiyes di~agreeing to the amt•wlmen Ca}Jiter Ho rris Norris T. !'lOll of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 1G2-!9) maldng appropriations 1 nruwny TlnrriAOD N\-e Wad:-;worth (' onz<>ns HnwPs Odllie Walsh, :\la~R. for the military and nonmilitary actiYitie. . of the \Var n ·pnrt­ Curti llefiin Ovcrmnn Wn1!:'h, Mout. nwnt for the fiscal year ending June DO, 1928, and fnr other .J ohnRon Pepper llPneen 'Yrtrren rmt·po:-:c~. and r<•que ·ting a eouference with the Senate on the Dill 1 OIJ('S, Wash. Pit tmnn Wat on Jt'crris J"'-'JCN ll:ml!ldell Wheei<·r e of the "~hole, re. . umcd the con­ The PllESIDL ~G OFFICER laid before the Scuate tlte . iotw n disvo~ition of tile :-.'Ut"Plus of ag-ricultural commodities. Goo:ary to carry likcwi~e puss the other branch of Congress. out this act that is in the Treasury nut othe_rwisc appropriated It has been ._aid thn t the bill is an attempt upon the part of i hereby authm'izcPEH. The nmendrncnts marte by the House are not Mr. Hoover, who are apparently the agricultural e ·verts of this of auy importance nt niL I have Rubmitted t?-em to the Dis­ administration-and, I might add, the Washin~ton Post-he trict CommLc::. ioner., and they say that they arc entirely favor­ himself may be subjected to the same charge. But leAt he be nl,le to the amendment~. 1mduly criticized for his action, I deem it important that a :Ur. S~!OOT. Can the Senator -rote the sub.. tance of the brief redew of the rocky road this bill has had to travel be amenclments? made a matter of record. 3344 COJ::rGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 9 It is apparent to every thoughtful pc>rson throughout the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. 0DDIE in the chair). IH land that agriculture is in a depressed C(llldition, aud that this there objection? The Chair hears none, aml it is so ordered. condition has pr vailed ever since the ·world 'Var. It is and [See exhibits.] has been costing more to produce food than the producer ob­ Mr. WHEELER. 1\Ir. President, at this time I will read a tained as a result of his labor. The cattle men, the hog men, few salient paragraphs from that statement, as follows: the cotton men, and the grain men have been getting poorer and Our national policy as it relates to agriculture does not fit preuent poorer. The more they produced, the poorer they became. Hun­ conditions. But instead of statesmen who can see its failure, we !llnve dreds of thousamls of farmers, especially in the 1\Iidule We t at the bead of administrative alrairs of the Nation many men who and West, have been driven from their farms into the already are aggres ·ively pushing a program of favoritism to industry that overcrowded industrial centers, and thousands forced into bank­ will not only continue but must inevitably incrPnRe the disadvantage. ruptcy after finding themselves so hopelessly involved financially not only of the farmers' position, but the position of all those great that there was no pro.·pect of their ever meeting their obliga­ sections of the United States which are primarily agricultural. • • • tions. No one wllo has not been among the farmers of the West The sound policy for America must aim toward the development of can possibly hope to get an accurate picture of the suffering of a well-balanced national life, careful that its effect be not to stimu­ thousands of these farmer . I have witnessed it in the North­ late any one form of productive etrort at the expense of other equally west. First the farmers suffered, then the merchant, and later essential producers. • • • the small banker, who found himself loaded up with frozen If the Hoover-Mellon policy of expanding industrial exports, no assets, was forced t.o close hi doors and unable to pay the de­ matter at what cost to other groups, means anything at all it means positors, many of whom could ill afforu to lose their all. the definite submergence of ngrlculture. These men and tb€'lr policies It was with this situation in mind that I approached the sub­ say in substance that American farmers must provide food and raw ject of farm relief at the last session of Congrc ·s, and again mo.tel'ial for American industry and labor at prices no higher than to-day. foreign manufacturers and labor pay. Why? In order that Ameri­ There are undoubtedly imperfections in this bill. It will not, can industry may export manufactured goods in competition with in all probability, work a millennium for the farmer; but the Europe. • farm organizations of the country have employed some of the Mellon and Iloover are regardl.'d as the Rpokf'smen for the policy be:t economists to work out a plan of relief. They have pre­ makers of the present administmtlon. Hoover is the adminiHtration's sented it to Congress and asked its pas8age. We have unhesi­ agricultural adviser. Jardine is hardly in a position to oppose tatingly passed legislation for the relief of the manufacturers, him. • • for t11e relief of the railroads, for the relief of the bankers, and It ha:; been repeatedly pointed out that these men stand for the unblushingly pa"1'ed legislation for the relief of a few bond­ industrialization of America at the expense of agriculture. holders and tockholders of the Cape Cod Canal Co. 1 now refer you to the startling address on June 14, 1920, of We permit the railroads to draft their bills, the manufac­ the former chairman of the Committee on Agriculture and turer to draft their , the bankers to draft theirs. Why, mny I Forestry, Senator NoRRIS, in which he pointed out certain a k do we deplore the fact that the farmers come here asking secret and sinister influences which during the last two ad­ spe~ial legislation for themselves? Of course, if it works, it ministrations had hampered and hindered the Committee on will raise the price the farmer gets for his products. It may Agriculture of the Senate and the Senate it ·elf in it effort permit our surplus farm products to be sold cheaper abroad to render justice t.o agriculture. I have made excerpts of per­ than at home; but so does the tariff. tinent parts of Senator NoRRis's addrel!ls, ""hich I ask to be It is an experiment; and as long as we are committed to a printed in the RECORD as an exhibit to my remarks. protective tariff-le"'i lation which, in my humble judgment, is economically un ·ound-we must expect to pas· other legiHlation The PRESIDING 0]'FICER. Is there objection? The Chair ·to help meet a situation thus created. It was the high protec­ hears none, and it is so ordered. tionist who created the situation. It is the high protectionist [ s~ exhibits. J who does not want to pay the price of his own folly. 1\Ir. WHEELER. Mr. Pr<:>l':iclent, in that remarkable speech Senator NoRRIS gave a gravhic and sensational summary of In the closing hours of the first se..., ion of this Congress I the influPnces that had defeat d farm legislation in the Senate introduced a re olution (S. Res. 269) touching upon certain phases of this administration's activity in agricultural matters. since the 'Vorld War. In carefully phra~ed statemeuts he in­ I have not called it up for consideration for the reason that cluded in the list of opposing agencies two administrations there has not been time in thi short se sion for full considera­ of the Federal Government, the late President Harding, Presi­ dent Coolidge--first as Vice President and later as President­ tion of the subject. On November 16 and 17 there was held in St. Louis a mo­ Secretary of Agriculture Jardine, Secretary of Commerce mentous meeting of farm organizations from the grain and live­ Iloover, "all tile middlemen in the country, and the great stock producing section and from a number of the Southern corporations and moneyed interests." States, where cotton and rice predominate. The declaration of He related in detail an unfair legislative procedure by the principles adopted by that meeting is a mo t important one. It then Vice President Coolidge by which an important agricul­ deals with the agricultural que ·tion from a broad national tural bill lost its plaee on the calendar in the closing days of viewpoint, nnd recognizes no parti an or political lines. I ask a ses ion of Congress. He recalled the unprecedented action of Vice President that the resolution be inserted in the RECORD. Coolidge in violating the long-settled practice and traditions of [See exhiuits. J . the 'enate in appointing the Senate members of the Joint Com· You will note that the purpose of my resolution was com­ mis ·ion of Agricultural Inquiry, leaving off the Agricultural mended. and, further, that tho:,;e organizations urged that the Committee's chairman and ranking Republican and Democratic scope of it be broadened to include an investigation of the vari­ members for the obvious reason that they were known to favor ou,· force· which have been moving toward the subordination energetic aid for agriculture. of agriculture. lle told how that joint commission, half of it appointed by I have given the ubject of their resolution careful study, and Vice President Coolidge, failed to give attention to the one vital intend to go into the matter in much greater detail on some farm problem it was appointed to consider ana how at a later future occasion. I desire to present here evidence showing date the chairman of the commission, Mr. Sydney Anderson, some of the influences which have not only worked to prevent appeared before Congres as a paid lolJbyi t of the grain or mill· the pa sage of any farm relief but have sought to subvert this ing interests against agricultural legislation. Government from a free democracy to an industrial state domi­ ne told how the first McNary-Haugen bill was defeated by nated by an oligarchy of industrial and financial leaders. having- The facts before me suggest that forces ma king as helpful agencies have in 1·eality sought to . ubjugate the farmer as the all tbe power and nil the influence of the executive department of the fir t step toward complete industrialization of this Nation and Government against it. its Government. Behind closed doors they have stated in their He sketched the history of the appointment of Presl

To be lietttenml-t ccnimza'nder3 John P. Paulson, Two Ha1·bors. Olaf E . I;teiersgord, Ulen. John M. Field, jr. Almer B. Nelson, Warren. Clinton H. Havill. Frank H. Wherland, 'Velcome. To be lieutenants MISSISSIPPI Herman B. R. Jorgensen. John W. Jamison. Clarence L. Hayward. Llewellyn J. Johns. Prentice O'R-ear, Columbus. Raymond D. Tarbuck. Roscoe L. Bowman. Willie Ramsey, Drew. Louis B. Phillips, Eupora. To be li~u.tena-nts (ju-nior grade) Nettie Ditsworth, Lucedale. John 1\:l. Mcisaac. John W. Price, jr. Allene M. 1\Iitch~ll, Sunflower. Thomas E. Kelly. Ralph W. D. Woods. Walter L . Collins, Union. To be medical direct01'3 Thomas C. Kite, Weir. Perceval S. Rossiter. William W. Cain, West. Frank E. Sellers. NI<-:BR.ASKA To be tne(lical inspectors Yernon D. Hill, Diller. Harry C. Haverly, Hastings. George R. W. French. Lottie B. Trumble, IIazai·cl. Claude W. Carr. Verne W. Langford, Laurel. To be sut·geot-, Frederick Nielsen, Lexington. John F. Hart. Frederick H. Datis, 1\Iadi. on. To be dental surgeon3 James W. Holme~, Plattsmouth. Joseph A. Mahoney. Charles T. Gammon. Rushville. Marion E. Harrison. Harry S. Prouty, Spencer. John W. Crandall. Harvey A. Loerch, Tekamah. To be paymaster NEW JERSEY Frederick C. Beck. Alfred J. Perkins, Atlantic City. To be oi1:'U engineer Richard "\Yatt. Garwood. Charles R. John"'on. Frederick C. Doeker, Oxford. To be chief machinists Harry Simmons, Rahway. Thomas G. Powers. NEW MEXICO :Frederick W. Sievert. Emma A. Coleman, Lovington. 7'o be chief pa.y clerk$ Charles B. Thacker, Raton. Chester G. Par ons, Wagon Mound. Alli<5on A. Brock. Stanley A. Mann. Raymond V. Christmas. Stanley C. King. NEW YORK Floyd L. Chapman. Harrison D. Todd, Arkville. POSTMASTERS Walter L. Bibbey, Fort Edward. .ARIZONA Sumter L. Happy, Mount Vernon . Harry T. Nowlan, Newark Valley. Ruth L. Streett, Warren. William A. Baldwin. Norwich. GEORGIA Carroll F. Simpson, Phoenicia. Martha C. Aultman, Byron. Earl J. Conger, Waterville. James P. Ro e, Lyerly. NORTH CAROLINA David M. McKee, Moultrie. Vernon \V. Faris, Henderson. E. Stella Barrett, Union City. OHIO IOWA Charle F. Decker, Vermilion. Susana F. O'Bryan, Lovilia. Wilbur C. Ledman, Zanesville. Jennie ~. Thomsen, Royal. PENNSYLVANIA MARYLAND James C. Whitby. Bryn l\lawr. John S. Dean, North Ea t. James D. Scott, Coatesville. MASSACHUSETTS Earl H. Hilgert, Ore co. Berton Williams, Ayer. George R. Fleming, Haverford. BaiTY T. Downe~. Hanover. Robert H. Stickler, Lansford. Frederick H. Buckley, Natick. Edgar 1\latthewR, r ., R-oye1·sford. YIOHIGAN Jennie Sutton, Worthington. Cllauncey A. Ranis, Pontiac. WISCO.:XSIN MINNESOTA Grace E. Skinner, Endeavor. William C. Wiench, Bagley. Henry H. Lukken, Boyd. WITHDRA\VAL Edwin 1\lattson, Breckemidge. Executive nomi.1wtion u:ithdt·awu f'rom the Senate February 9, Thomas R. Ohnstad, Cannon Falls. 1921 John R. Forsythe, Cohasset. UNITED STATE.'3 DISTRICT JUDGE Wilson W. Wright, Cromwell. ·william .J. Tilson to be United States district judge, middle Gu. tav C. Wollan, Glenwood. district of Georgia. Gustaf A. Johnson, Hallock. Kate l\L Shubert, Ha tings. Charles F. l\Iallahan, Jackson. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Edward Odberg, Kettle River. Anna Kockelmnn, Kilkenny. WEDNESDAY, Feb1 ...uaT'Y 9,1927 Gu. tav 0. Schlick, Lucan. The House met at 12 o'clock noon, and was called to order Carl W. Carlson, Meli·ose. by the Speaker. John L. Beck, :Mouutain Iron. The Chaplain, Rev. Jame!'> Shera Montgomery, D. D., offered George L. Chesley, Pipestone. the following prayer : Norman Han~on, Renville. John P. Grothe, Roseau. Eternal God, source of every joy and tlle inspiration or" every Arthur C. Omholt, Sacred Heart. earth-born hope, well may Thy praise our lips employ. We Henry C. :i\fegrund, Shelly. bless Thee that our lives, so mercifully preserved, still hold the John Schmelz, Springfield. fi·eshness of Thy lo'"e. This day iuterpret to us again Thy war Mae A. Lovestrom, Stephen. of I'ighteousness and truth. How we do thank Thee that Thy Axel l\l. Croonquist, Stillwater. mercy is big enough to cover all sin, to heal all wounds, and to Daniel Shaw, Thief River FaJ.lg. comfort all sorrow. While we may draw th~ future neal' and Alfred Ande1;son, Twin Yalley. dream ()f a better day, may we be grateful for the g-ood that